CN110793696A - Axial load measuring device and method for rotating equipment - Google Patents
Axial load measuring device and method for rotating equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN110793696A CN110793696A CN201911259148.6A CN201911259148A CN110793696A CN 110793696 A CN110793696 A CN 110793696A CN 201911259148 A CN201911259148 A CN 201911259148A CN 110793696 A CN110793696 A CN 110793696A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
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Abstract
The invention provides a device and a method for measuring axial load of rotary equipment, wherein the device comprises a supporting plate, a plurality of stress parts, a plurality of elastic pins and a plurality of pin bosses, the stress parts are uniformly arranged on a first end surface of the supporting plate at intervals, the elastic pins and the pin bosses are positioned on a second end surface of the supporting plate, the top end of each pin boss is lower than the highest section of the second end of the supporting plate, the elastic pins are arranged on the pin bosses, the top ends of the elastic pins are flush with the highest section of the second end of the supporting plate, and the bottom ends of the elastic pins are not contacted with the bottom ends of the pin. The measurement comprises the following steps: s1: calculating the rigidity k of the support plate; s2: one side of the bearing plate is supported on the fixed surface, and the axial load acts on the stressed component; s3: canceling the axial load, and measuring the axial displacement delta x of each elastic pin; s4: the average axial displacement Δ x 'and axial load, F ═ k × Δ x', of each spring pin were calculated. The invention has safe and accurate structure, does not need an electric control system, greatly improves the detection reliability and reduces the product cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of axial load measurement of rotary equipment, in particular to an axial load measuring device and an axial load measuring method for rotary equipment.
Background
When rotary equipment such as a steam turbine, a screw compressor, an axial flow compressor, an expander, a high-power gear box and the like is designed, theoretical calculation is carried out on axial load, for example, in the design stage of a single-shaft compressor, the axial design load borne by a thrust bearing is obtained by calculating the balance of axial force, but errors exist between the theoretical calculation load and the actual load. The thrust bearing is designed according to theoretical calculation load, and when the bearing is damaged, whether the damage is caused by overload or not is difficult to eliminate. The existing method for measuring the axial load mainly adopts the steps that a force measuring element is pre-installed on the back of a thrust pad, a cable of the force measuring element is connected into a control chamber, and the axial load is monitored through conversion of a control chip. Although the method is dynamic and direct, the structure is complex, the interference of parts is easily caused, particularly small bearings with limited space are difficult to arrange, special control equipment is required besides a force measuring element, the cost is high, and oil leakage of a rotary machine box body is easily caused by the connection and the extraction of a cable.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the axial load measuring device and the axial load measuring method for the rotating equipment, which have the advantages of compact and simple structure, safety and accuracy, no need of an electric control system and an access lead-out cable, greatly improved detection reliability and greatly reduced product cost; the measurement result can be used for checking the conformity degree of the theoretical calculation load and the test data, so that the calculation method is corrected, and the design reliability of a new product is improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the axial load measuring device of the rotating equipment comprises a supporting plate, a plurality of stress parts, a plurality of elastic pins and a plurality of pin seats, wherein two end faces of the supporting plate are respectively a first end face and a second end face, the stress parts are uniformly arranged on the first end face of the supporting plate at intervals, the elastic pins and the pin seats are positioned on the second end face of the supporting plate, the pin seats are uniformly arranged on the same circumference at intervals, the top ends of the pin seats are lower than the highest cross section of the second end of the supporting plate, the highest cross section of the second end is parallel to the first end face, the farthest point on the second end face from the first end face is positioned on the highest cross section of the second end, each pin seat is provided with one elastic pin, the straight line where the elastic pin is positioned is parallel to the central line of the measuring device, the top ends of the elastic pins are flush with the highest cross section of the second end of the.
As a further improvement of the above technical solution:
the stressed component is a thrust shoe.
The supporting plate is of an annular structure with thickness, and the center line of the supporting plate is coincident with the center line of the measuring device.
The centers of the stress components are positioned on the circumference of the same circle, and the center of the circle is positioned on the central line.
The measuring device also comprises a plurality of positioning pins, each stress component is connected with a positioning pin, and two ends of each positioning pin are respectively connected with the bearing plate and one stress component.
The pin seat vertically penetrates through the bearing plate, and the bottom end of the pin seat is connected with a stress component.
The center of the pin seat is provided with a pin hole perpendicular to the bearing plate, the elastic pin is arranged in the pin hole, and the bottom end of the elastic pin is not contacted with the bottom end of the pin hole.
The centers of the stress components are respectively positioned on the straight line where the elastic pins are positioned.
The measuring method of the axial load of the rotating equipment based on the measuring device comprises the following steps:
step S1: calculating the rigidity k of the support plate;
step S2: supporting one side of the bearing plate, which is far away from the stress component, on a fixing surface, wherein the axial load vertically acts on one side of the stress component, which is far away from the bearing plate;
step S3: after the axial load is cancelled, measuring the axial displacement delta x of each elastic pin;
step S4: the average axial displacement Δ x 'and the axial load, F ═ k × Δ x', of each spring pin were calculated.
In step S3, after the axial load is removed, the support plate is removed, the elastic pins are not moved, and the axial displacement Δ x of each elastic pin is measured.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the structure is compact and simple, the safety and the accuracy are realized, an electric control system is not needed, a lead-out cable is not needed to be connected, the detection reliability is greatly improved, and the product cost is greatly reduced; the measurement result can be used for checking the conformity degree of the theoretical calculation load and the test data, so that the calculation method is corrected, and the design reliability of a new product is improved; can be used for judging overload conditions.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of FIG. 2 at M;
FIG. 4 is a schematic rear view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the support plate from the perspective of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line B-B in FIG. 5;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a supporting plate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following provides a detailed and complete description of the axial load measuring device and the measuring method for rotary equipment according to the present invention. The following examples are illustrative only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
An axial load measuring device of a rotating device is shown in figures 1-7 and comprises a bearing plate 2, a plurality of stress components 1, a plurality of pin bosses 4, a plurality of elastic pins 3 and a plurality of positioning pins 5.
The support plate 2 is a ring-shaped structure with a thickness, and the center line of the support plate 2 is coincident with the center line of the measuring device. The two end faces of the bearing plate 2 are respectively a first end face and a second end face, and the first end face and the second end face are both annular. Preferably, the first end surface is a plane, and the second end surface is a non-plane. It should be noted that the second end face is a non-planar face, a second end highest cross section a is defined, the second end highest cross section a is parallel to the first end face, and a point on the second end face farthest from the first end face is located on the second end highest cross section a.
The stress components 1 are uniformly arranged on the first end face of the support plate 2 at intervals, the centers of the stress components 1 are positioned on the circumference of the same circle, and the center of the circle is positioned on the central line. Preferably, the force-bearing part 1 is a thrust pad.
A plurality of resilient pins 3, a plurality of pin bosses 4 and a plurality of dowel pins 5 are located at the second end face of the bearing plate 2. The positioning pin 5 and the pin boss 4 are used to position the force receiving member 1 to determine the mounting position of the force receiving member 1. Each stress component 1 is connected with a positioning pin 5, and two ends of the positioning pin 5 are respectively connected with the supporting plate 2 and one stress component 1. The elastic pin 3 is an elastic cylindrical pin.
The plurality of pin bosses 4 are uniformly arranged on the same circumference at intervals, specifically, the support plate 2 is provided with a plurality of pin boss mounting holes, the highest surface of each pin boss mounting hole is lower than the highest cross section a of the second end, and the distance between the highest surface of each pin boss mounting hole and the highest cross section a of the second end is b, as shown in fig. 6. The pin base 4 vertically passes through the pin base mounting hole of the support plate 2, the bottom end of the pin base 4 is connected with the stress component 1, the top end of the pin base 4 is lower than the highest section A of the second end of the support plate 2, and as shown in fig. 3 and 6, the distance between the top end of the pin base 4 and the highest section A of the second end is a. The center of the pin seat 4 is provided with a pin hole perpendicular to the support plate 2, and the elastic pin 3 is arranged in the pin hole. The elastic pin 3 is in interference fit with the pin hole. The top end of the elastic pin 3 is flush with the highest section A of the second end of the support plate 2, and the bottom end of the elastic pin 3 does not contact the bottom end of the pin hole, i.e. the bottom end of the elastic pin 3 is spaced from the bottom end of the pin hole. The straight line of the elastic pin 3 is parallel to the central line of the measuring device, and the centers of the plurality of stress components 1 are respectively positioned on the straight line of the plurality of elastic pins 3. The elastic pin 3 is a strip-shaped component, and the straight line of the elastic pin 3 is the straight line of the length direction.
The measuring method of the axial load of the rotating equipment based on the measuring device comprises the following steps:
step S1: the stiffness k of the support plate 2 is calculated.
In this step, the axial stiffness k of the support plate 2 can be obtained by building a three-dimensional model thereof. Specifically, in the structural design stage, the structure and the size of the support plate 2 are determined, and the rigidity k of the support plate 2 can be accurately calculated through a finite element method or a mechanical formula calculation. The calculation principle of the stiffness k is well known to those skilled in the art, and does not affect the claimed technical solution, and is not described herein again.
Step S2: the side of the bearing plate 2 far away from the stress element 1 is supported on a fixed surface, and the axial load F is vertically acted on the side of the stress element 1 far away from the bearing plate 2.
In this step, the direction of the axial load F is parallel to the center line, and when the axial load F acts perpendicularly on the side of the force receiving member 1 away from the support plate 2, the support plate 2 is deformed by the pressure. Specifically, the support plate 2 is pressed by the fixing surfaces at both ends and the force receiving member 1, and the thickness in the direction of the center line is reduced. At this time, the distance between the bottom end of the elastic pin 3 and the bottom end of the pin hole is reduced, in other words, the elastic pin 3 is axially displaced.
When the axial load F becomes small or disappears, the support plate 2 gradually recovers, i.e., the deformation disappears, but the elastic pin 3 does not retreat because of the static friction force between the elastic pin 3 and the pin hole wall.
When a larger axial load F acts on the side of the stressed member 1 far away from the bearing plate 2, the axial load F overcomes the static friction force between the elastic pin 3 and the pin hole wall, so that the elastic pin 3 is axially displaced, and the distance between the bottom end of the elastic pin 3 and the bottom end of the pin hole is further reduced. The maximum deformation of the support plate 2 can be recorded within the design range, i.e. without the bottom end of the spring pin 3 and the bottom end of the pin hole touching each other.
Step S3: the axial displacement deltax of each spring pin 3 is measured after the axial load F is removed.
In this step, after the axial load F is removed, the support plate 2 is removed without moving the elastic pins 3, and the axial displacement Δ x of each elastic pin 3 is measured. Specifically, the distance between the top end of each elastic pin 3 and the highest section A of the second end is measured to be Δ x; or the difference between the initial distance and the final distance between the bottom end of each elastic pin 3 and the bottom end of the pin holder 4 is Δ x.
Step S4: the average axial displacement Δ x 'and the axial load F, F ═ k × Δ x' of each spring pin 3 are calculated.
In this step, by calculating the average value of the displacements of the plurality of elastic pins 3, the measurement error can be reduced. The value of Δ x 'is the amount of deformation of the bearing plate 2 under the axial load F, which can be determined by hooke's law.
It should be noted that the axial load F at this time is the maximum axial impact load to which the measuring device is subjected during operation. The axial load F and the theoretical calculation load can be compared, the conformity degree of the theoretical calculation result and the test data can be calculated, and therefore the calculation method is corrected. The theoretical calculation load is the design load.
Finally, it must be said here that: the above embodiments are only used for further detailed description of the technical solutions of the present invention, and should not be understood as limiting the scope of the present invention, and the insubstantial modifications and adaptations made by those skilled in the art according to the above descriptions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The axial load measuring device of the rotating equipment is characterized by comprising a supporting plate (2), a plurality of stress parts (1), a plurality of elastic pins (3) and a plurality of pin bosses (4), wherein two end faces of the supporting plate (2) are respectively a first end face and a second end face, the stress parts (1) are uniformly arranged on the first end face of the supporting plate (2) at intervals, the elastic pins (3) and the pin bosses (4) are positioned on the second end face of the supporting plate (2), the pin bosses (4) are uniformly arranged on the same circumference at intervals, the top end of each pin boss (4) is lower than the second-end highest cross section (A) of the supporting plate (2), the second-end highest cross section (A) is parallel to the first end face, the point on the second end face farthest from the first end face is positioned on the second-end highest cross section (A), each pin boss (4) is provided with one elastic pin (3), and the straight line where the elastic pins (3) are positioned is parallel to the central line of the measuring device, the top end of the elastic pin (3) is flush with the highest section (A) of the second end of the support plate (2), and the bottom end of the elastic pin (3) is not contacted with the bottom end of the pin seat (4).
2. The rotary apparatus axial load measurement device according to claim 1, wherein: the stress component (1) is a thrust pad.
3. The rotary apparatus axial load measurement device according to claim 1, wherein: the supporting plate (2) is of an annular structure with thickness, and the center line of the supporting plate (2) is superposed with the center line of the measuring device.
4. The rotary apparatus axial load measurement device according to claim 1, wherein: the centers of the stress components (1) are positioned on the circumference of the same circle, and the center of the circle is positioned on the central line.
5. The rotary apparatus axial load measurement device according to claim 1, wherein: the pin seat (4) vertically penetrates through the bearing plate (2), and the bottom end of the pin seat (4) is connected with the stress component (1).
6. The rotary apparatus axial load measurement device according to claim 5, wherein: the center of the pin seat (4) is provided with a pin hole vertical to the bearing plate (2), the elastic pin (3) is arranged in the pin hole, and the bottom end of the elastic pin (3) is not contacted with the bottom end of the pin hole.
7. The rotary apparatus axial load measurement device according to claim 6, wherein: the centers of the stress components (1) are respectively positioned on the straight line where the elastic pins (3) are positioned.
8. The method for measuring the axial load of the rotating equipment is based on the measuring device of any one of the claims 1 to 6, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1: calculating the stiffness k of the support plate (2);
step S2: supporting one side of the bearing plate (2) far away from the stress part (1) on a fixed surface, wherein an axial load F vertically acts on one side of the stress part (1) far away from the bearing plate (2);
step S3: after the axial load F is cancelled, measuring the axial displacement delta x of each elastic pin (3);
step S4: the average axial displacement Δ x 'and the axial load F, F ═ k × Δ x' of each spring pin (3) are calculated.
9. The measurement method according to claim 8, characterized in that: in step S3, after the axial load F is canceled, the support plate (2) is removed, the elastic pins (3) are not moved, and the axial displacement Δ x of each elastic pin (3) is measured.
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| CN201911259148.6A CN110793696A (en) | 2019-12-10 | 2019-12-10 | Axial load measuring device and method for rotating equipment |
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| CN201911259148.6A CN110793696A (en) | 2019-12-10 | 2019-12-10 | Axial load measuring device and method for rotating equipment |
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Address after: No.9 Chayuan Road, high tech Zone, Xiangtan City, Hunan Province Applicant after: Hunan Chongde Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: 411102 twin Horse Industrial Park, hi tech Zone, Hunan, Xiangtan Applicant before: HUNAN SUND INDUSTRIAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL Co.,Ltd. |
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