CN110790557B - 一种轻质防潮防霉石膏板的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种轻质防潮防霉石膏板的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110790557B
CN110790557B CN201911101342.1A CN201911101342A CN110790557B CN 110790557 B CN110790557 B CN 110790557B CN 201911101342 A CN201911101342 A CN 201911101342A CN 110790557 B CN110790557 B CN 110790557B
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崔大祥
陈超
王敬锋
林琳
金彩虹
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Shanghai National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种轻质防潮防霉石膏板的制备方法，将石膏粉、纳米氧化锌粉、缓凝剂等常规原料混合搅拌，石膏粉和纳米氧化锌粉质量比为100:1~10，然后加入发泡剂和水并搅拌得到石膏浆料；搅拌浆料落到震动平台的下纸上充分震动使其充模，再和上纸一起进入成型机挤压出符合规格的石膏板，最后在真空烘箱中完成凝固和烘干，得到目标板材。在传统工艺的基础上，从石膏配方、纸面材质和凝固工艺几个方面进行了改善，在石膏中加入纳米疏水氧化锌，提高石膏的防水能力，还能利用氧化锌的杀菌功能防止石膏发霉，上下纸使用了复合材质进一步阻水防潮，配合真空凝固技术提高孔隙率，实现了石膏板的防潮防霉和轻质。

Description

一种轻质防潮防霉石膏板的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于建筑材料技术领域，具体涉及一种轻质防潮防霉石膏板的制备方法。
背景技术
近年来，随着对节能环保型建筑的关注持续升温，轻质内饰墙板也受到越来越多的关注。纸面石膏板是以天然石膏和护面纸为主要原材料，掺加适量纤维、淀粉、促凝剂、发泡剂和水等制成的轻质建筑薄板，性能能非常优异。
纸面石膏板作为一种新型建筑材料，生产同等单位的纸面石膏板的能耗比水泥节省78％。且投资少生产能力大，工序简单，便于大规模生产。用纸面石膏板作隔墙，重量仅为同等厚度砖墙的1/15，砌块墙体的1/10，有利于结构抗震，并可有效减少基础及结构主体造价。纸面石膏板板芯60％左右是微小气孔，因空气的导热系数很小，因此具有良好的轻质保温性能。由于石膏芯本身不燃，且遇火时在释放化合水的过程中会吸收大量的热，延迟周围环境温度的升高，因此，纸面石膏板具有良好的防火阻燃性能。经国家防火检测中心检测，纸面石膏板隔墙耐火极限可达4小时。采用单一轻质材料，如加气砼、膨胀珍珠岩板等构成的单层墙体其厚度很大时才能满足隔声的要求，而纸面石膏板隔墙具有独特的空腔结构，具有很好的隔声性能。纸面石膏板表面平整，板与板之间通过接缝处理形成无缝表面，表面可直接进行装饰。纸面石膏板具有可钉、可刨、可锯、可粘的性能，用于室内装饰，可取得理想的装饰效果，仅需裁制刀便可随意对纸面石膏板进行裁切，施工非常方便，用它做装饰材料可极大的提高施工效率。由于石膏板的孔隙率较大，并且孔结构分布适当，所以具有较高的透气性能。当室内湿度较高时，可吸湿，而当空气干燥时，又可放出一部分水分，因而对室内湿度起到一定的调节作用，国外将纸面石膏板的这种功能称为“呼吸”功能，正是由于石膏板具有这种独特的“呼吸”性能，可在一定范围内调节室内湿度，使居住条件更舒适。纸面石膏板采用天然石膏及纸面作为原材料，决不含对人体有害的石棉（绝大多数的硅酸钙类板材及水泥纤维板均采用石棉作为板材的增强材料）。采用纸面石膏板作墙体，墙体厚度最小可达74mm，且可保证墙体的隔音、防火性能。
由于纸面石膏板具有质轻、防火、隔音、保温、隔热、加工性强良好（可刨、可钉、可锯）、施工方便、可拆装性能好，增大使用面积等优点，因此广泛用于各种工业建筑、民用建筑，尤其是在高层建筑中可作为内墙材料和装饰装修材料。如用于柜架结构中的非承重墙、室内贴面板、吊顶等。但由于石膏在应用中,为满足较好流动性的要求，掺水量一般都远大于理论水化的需水量。当水化过程结束后，多余的水分将从石膏硬化体中挥发出来，在石膏制品中产生大量的孔隙，大孔隙的结构容易导致石膏制品的吸水率高。因而石膏制品在潮湿的环境中，结晶的接触点极易发生溶解和再结晶，导致石膏制品的强度降低。这一缺点极大的限制了石膏的应用范围。因此提高石膏制品的耐水性能成为石膏行业进一步发展中急需解决的重要问题。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足，本发明目的在于提供一种轻质防潮防霉石膏板的制备方法，在石膏中加入纳米疏水氧化锌，提高石膏的防水能力，利用氧化锌的杀菌功能防止石膏发霉。
本发明目的通过下述方案实现：一种轻质防潮防霉石膏板的制备方法，首先将包括石膏粉、纳米氧化锌粉、缓凝剂的常规原料混合搅拌，石膏粉和纳米氧化锌粉质量比为100:（1-10），然后加入发泡剂和水并搅拌得到石膏浆料；将搅拌浆料落到震动平台的模腔的下纸上充分震动使其充模，再和上纸一起进入成型机挤压出符合规格的石膏板，最后在真空烘箱中完成凝固和烘干，得到目标板材。
所述的纳米氧化锌粉体经过疏水改性。
所述的上纸和下纸是由防潮玻璃纸和低密度聚乙烯薄膜复合而成。
真空烘箱中的烘干温度范围为100℃-120℃，且在凝固过程中通过抽真空和进气阀门对真空度进行调控，实现石膏内部气泡的可控长大，最后得到高孔隙率的轻质石膏板。
在传统工艺的基础上，从石膏配方、纸面材质和凝固工艺几个方面进行了改善，在石膏中加入纳米疏水氧化锌，提高石膏的防水能力，还能利用氧化锌的杀菌功能防止石膏发霉，上下纸使用了复合材质进一步阻水防潮，配合真空凝固技术提高孔隙率，实现了石膏板的防潮防霉和轻质。
具体实施方式
本发明通过下面的具体实例进行详细描述，但本发明的保护范围不受限于这些实施例。
实施例1
一种轻质防潮防霉石膏板，按如下步骤制备：
首先将包括1000g石膏粉、15g纳米氧化锌粉和缓凝剂的常规原料混合搅拌，然后加入发泡剂和水并搅拌得到石膏浆料；搅拌浆料落到震动平台的模腔的下纸上充分震动使其充模，再和上纸一起进入成型机挤压出石膏板，最后在真空烘箱中真空度控制在70pa-300pa范围内完成凝固和烘干，在此过程中通过抽真空和进气阀门对真空度进行调控，可以实现石膏内部气泡的可控长大，烘干温度100℃，得到的纸面石膏板密度为857kg/m3。
所述的上纸和下纸材料相同，是由防潮玻璃纸和低密度聚乙烯薄膜复合而成。
实施例2
一种轻质防潮防霉石膏板，与实施例1近似，按如下步骤制备：
首先将包括1000g石膏粉、50g纳米氧化锌粉和缓凝剂的常规原料混合搅拌，然后加入发泡剂和水并搅拌得到石膏浆料；搅拌浆料落到震动平台的模腔的下纸上充分震动使其充模，再和上纸一起进入成型机挤压出石膏板，最后在真空烘箱中完成凝固和烘干，在此过程中通过抽真空和进气阀门对真空度进行调控，真空度控制在300pa-900pa范围内，可以实现石膏内部气泡的可控长大，烘干温度110℃，得到的纸面石膏板密度为866kg/m3。
实施例3
一种轻质防潮防霉石膏板，与实施例1近似，按如下步骤制备：
首先将包括1000g石膏粉、85g纳米氧化锌粉和缓凝剂的常规原料混合搅拌，然后加入发泡剂和水并搅拌得到石膏浆料；搅拌浆料落到震动平台的模腔的下纸上充分震动使其充模，再和上纸一起进入成型机挤压出石膏板，最后在真空烘箱中完成凝固和烘干，在此过程中通过抽真空和进气阀门对真空度进行调控，真空度控制在900pa-3000pa范围内，可以实现石膏内部气泡的可控长大，烘干温度120℃，得到的纸面石膏板密度为874kg/m3。

Claims (2)

1.一种轻质防潮防霉石膏板的制备方法，其特征在于首先将包括石膏粉、纳米氧化锌粉、缓凝剂的常规原料混合搅拌，石膏粉和纳米氧化锌粉质量比为100:（1-10），然后加入发泡剂和水并搅拌得到石膏浆料；将搅拌浆料落到震动平台的模腔的下纸上充分震动使其充模，再和上纸一起进入成型机挤压出符合规格的石膏板，最后，在真空烘箱中完成凝固和烘干，真空烘箱中的烘干温度范围为100℃-120℃，得到目标板材；其中，
所用的纳米氧化锌粉体经过疏水改性；
所述的上纸和下纸是由防潮玻璃纸和低密度聚乙烯薄膜复合而成。
2.根据权利要求1所述轻质防潮防霉石膏板的制备方法，其特征在于，在凝固过程中通过抽真空和进气阀门对真空度进行调控在70pa-300pa、300pa-900pa或900pa-3000pa，实现石膏内部气泡的可控长大，得到高孔隙率且密度为857kg/m3-874kg/m3的轻质石膏板。
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