CN110788468B - Three-dimensional curve electron beam welding method - Google Patents
Three-dimensional curve electron beam welding method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110788468B CN110788468B CN201911049278.7A CN201911049278A CN110788468B CN 110788468 B CN110788468 B CN 110788468B CN 201911049278 A CN201911049278 A CN 201911049278A CN 110788468 B CN110788468 B CN 110788468B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- welding
- electron beam
- curve
- dimensional
- point
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/0046—Welding
- B23K15/0053—Seam welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/02—Control circuits therefor
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Welding Or Cutting Using Electron Beams (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a three-dimensional curve electron beam welding method, which comprises the following steps: pre-welding treatment; spot welding connection; clamping and aligning; generating a three-dimensional welding seam curve track numerical control program: after a local coordinate system is set up and a three-dimensional weld curve is extracted, selecting a surface contour curve and a bottom contour curve of the three-dimensional weld curve in programming software, respectively adopting a programming mode, obtaining point location data of X, Y, Z three-axis coordinates of each feed point of the surface contour curve and Z-axis thickness of each feed point, converting the point location data of each Z-axis coordinate into focusing current which changes relative to the origin of the local coordinate system, converting each Z-axis thickness into corresponding electron beam, and compiling an electron beam welding program of a three-dimensional weld curve track according to the point location data of each feed point X, Y-axis coordinate, focusing current parameters and electron beam parameters; electron beam welding: and introducing an electron beam welding program into a control system of the electron beam welding machine, and performing electron beam welding after obtaining the focusing current parameter of the origin of the local coordinate system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of space three-dimensional curve electron beam welding, in particular to a three-dimensional curve electron beam welding method.
Background
On some parts of the revolving body type, if a large-diameter mounting seat needs to be welded on the side wall, the welding line is the intersection line of the revolving body and the revolving body, as shown in the attached figure 1, and is a three-dimensional space curve, as shown in the attached figure 2. The surface of the welding line continuously changes along with the curve, so that the focal length is changed; meanwhile, as the intersecting angles of the two revolving bodies are arbitrary, the thickness section which is continuously and non-uniformly changed along the intersecting curve is formed, and when the electron beam welding is carried out, because the mechanical shaft of the electron beam welding machine only has X, Y two shafts and one turntable shaft, the electron beam welding machine can only weld a plane curve welding seam with the same thickness of the section or an annular welding seam which is butted by two cylinders, and the welding seam welding of the space three-dimensional curve with the continuous non-uniform variable section and the variable focal length can not be completed.
Chinese patent CN102416525 (application publication date 2012-04-18) discloses an electron beam welding method for a gas turbine casing with a variable cross-section structure, which describes a variable cross-section welding method with the same local thickness and different stage thicknesses of horizontal flanges, and in the method, horizontal weld seam welding with sectional thickness and variable cross-section welding with uniform thickness variation are realized. However, the method cannot realize the electron beam welding with a space three-dimensional curve continuous variable focal length and a non-uniform change rule, as shown in the attached figure 3.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a three-dimensional curve electron beam welding method, which aims to solve the technical problem that space three-dimensional curve continuous variable-focal-length variable-section welding cannot be realized in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a three-dimensional curve electron beam welding method is used for welding a continuous non-uniform variable-cross-section space three-dimensional weld curve, and comprises the following steps: pretreatment in welding: respectively carrying out pre-welding treatment on the positions to be welded on the mother welding rotating member and the rotating member to be welded; spot welding connection: spot welding the welding boss and the connecting through hole; clamping and aligning: clamping and positioning the mother welding rotating piece on a working platform of an electron beam welding machine through a welding clamp, aligning the mother welding rotating piece so that the mother welding rotating piece and the working platform share the same rotating center, and simultaneously adjusting the working platform so as to align the symmetrical center of a welding boss to determine a welding center; generating a three-dimensional welding seam curve track numerical control program: after a local coordinate system is set up at a welding center and a three-dimensional welding seam curve is extracted, selecting a surface contour curve and a bottom contour curve of the three-dimensional welding seam curve from programming software and adopting a programming mode respectively, acquiring point location data of X, Y, Z three-axis coordinates of each feed point of the surface contour curve and Z-axis thickness of each feed point, converting the point location data of each feed point Z-axis coordinate into focusing current which changes relative to the original point of the local coordinate system, converting each feed point Z-axis thickness into corresponding electron beam, and compiling an electron beam welding program of a three-dimensional welding seam curve track according to the point location data of each feed point X, Y-axis coordinate, focusing current parameters and electron beam parameters; electron beam welding: and introducing an electron beam welding program into a control system of the electron beam welding machine, and carrying out electron beam welding on the three-dimensional weld curve after obtaining the focusing current parameter of the origin of the local coordinate system.
Further, the step of "pretreatment before welding" specifically includes the following steps: preparing a joint: turning the outer circle of a welding boss on a to-be-welded rotating member to ensure the precision size of the outer circle of the welding boss, and milling the inner circle of a connecting through hole, which is matched and connected with the welding boss, on a mother welding rotating member to ensure the precision size of the inner circle of the connecting through hole; cleaning before welding: polishing the inner surface and the outer surface of the outer circle of the welding boss and the inner surface and the outer surface of the outer circle of the connecting through hole respectively to ensure that no pollutant is attached to the inner surface and the outer surface; assembling and combining: and the connecting through holes are repaired according to the size of the excircle of the welding boss so as to ensure the welding seam clearance between the welding boss and the connecting through holes and the dislocation of the butt joint of the welding boss and the connecting through holes.
Further, the step of "spot welding connection" specifically comprises the steps of: spot welding and positioning: spot welding positioning and connecting the welding boss and the connecting through hole; and (3) correcting after positioning: and correcting the welding boss to ensure that the inner surface of the joint of the welding boss and the connecting through hole is flush.
Further, the step of clamping and aligning specifically comprises the following steps: clamping and aligning a mother welding rotating piece: clamping and positioning the mother welding rotating piece on a working platform through a welding fixture, and aligning the jump of a design reference on the mother welding rotating piece on the working platform so as to enable the rotating center of the mother welding rotating piece to be concentric with the rotating center of the working platform; aligning a to-be-welded rotating member: and tilting the working platform to enable the rotation center of the to-be-welded rotating piece to coincide with the direction of the electron beam, and aligning the symmetry center of the welding boss by using the electron beam to determine the welding center.
Further, the step of generating the three-dimensional weld curve track numerical control program specifically comprises the following steps of: setting a local coordinate system: setting a local coordinate system at the welding center determined on the welding boss; point location data and thickness acquisition: extracting a three-dimensional weld curve, selecting a surface contour curve and a bottom contour curve of the three-dimensional weld curve from programming software, and respectively adopting a programming mode to obtain point position data of X, Y, Z three-axis coordinates of each feed point of the surface contour curve and Z-axis thickness of each feed point; and (3) converting Z-axis point data: acquiring the change rule of the electron beam focal position and the focusing current, and converting point position data of Z-axis coordinates of each cutting point into the focusing current which changes relative to the origin of a local coordinate system; and Z-axis thickness conversion: obtaining the relation among welding materials, penetration and electron beam flow, and converting the Z-axis thickness of each feed point into corresponding electron beam flow; programming: and compiling an electron beam welding program of the three-dimensional weld curve track according to point position data of the axis coordinates of each feed point X, Y, the focusing current parameters and the electron beam current parameters.
Further, in the step of setting a local coordinate system, the origin of the local coordinate system is the intersection point of the rotation center line of the welding boss and the upper surface of the welding boss, or the origin of the local coordinate system is the intersection point of a plane with any height on the welding boss and the rotation center line of the welding boss; the step of acquiring point location data and thickness specifically comprises the following steps: extracting a three-dimensional curve: extracting a three-dimensional weld curve by using three-dimensional mapping software; tool creation: creating a cutter with a diameter meeting tolerance requirements in programming software; point location data acquisition: setting the established local coordinate system as a programming coordinate system, selecting a surface contour curve of the three-dimensional weld curve and adopting a contour milling programming mode to obtain point location data of X, Y, Z three-axis coordinates of each feed point of the surface contour curve; obtaining the thickness of the Z axis: and selecting a bottom contour curve of the three-dimensional weld curve in a programming coordinate system, acquiring point position data of a Z coordinate of each feed point of the bottom contour curve by adopting a tool path programming mode, comparing the point position data of the Z coordinate of the feed point of the bottom contour curve with the point position data of the Z coordinate of the corresponding feed point of the surface contour curve, and acquiring the Z-axis thickness of each feed point.
Further, the step of "Z-axis point data conversion" specifically includes the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of obtaining a rule of change of a focus position and a focusing current of an electron beam through experiments, namely, when the focus position is reduced by 1mm, the focusing current is reduced by 1mA, when the focus position is increased by 1mm, the focusing current is increased by 1mA, and the lifting of the focus position and the increase and decrease of the focusing current are in a linear relation; and converting point position data of Z-axis coordinates of each feed point into focusing current which changes relative to the origin of the local coordinate system according to the change rule of the focal position and the focusing current.
Further, the step "Z-axis thickness conversion" specifically includes the steps of: the relation among welding materials, the penetration and the electron beam flow is obtained through experiments, namely the penetration of each welding material is in a linear relation with the electron beam flow, and the electron beam flows of different welding materials with the same penetration are different; and converting the Z-axis thickness of each feed point into a corresponding electron beam flow according to the relation among the welding material, the penetration and the electron beam flow.
Further, the step of "electron beam welding" specifically comprises the steps of: and (3) introducing a beam welding program: leading the compiled electron beam welding program into a control system of the electron beam welding machine; welding parts: after acquiring the focusing current parameters of the origin of the local coordinate system and the focusing current parameters of each feed point, carrying out electron beam welding on the three-dimensional weld curve; quality inspection: and (5) carrying out quality inspection on the welded seam.
Further, the step of 'welding parts' specifically comprises the following steps: re-aligning the symmetry center of the welding boss by using an electron beam to determine a welding center; acquiring a focusing current parameter of the origin of a local coordinate system according to an experiment; acquiring focusing current parameters corresponding to each feed point according to the change rule of the focal position and the focusing current; and starting the electron beam welding machine to weld the three-dimensional weld curve.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
in the electron beam welding method, point position data of Z-axis coordinates of each feed point is converted into focusing current which changes relative to the origin of a local coordinate system, and the Z-axis thickness of each feed point is converted into corresponding electron beam, so that the welding of a space three-dimensional curve of a continuous non-uniform variable-focus variable-section can be realized, and the technical problem that the welding of the space three-dimensional curve continuous non-uniform variable-focus variable-section cannot be realized in the prior art is solved; meanwhile, the technical problems of large deformation of parts after welding and incomplete fusion of a welding position during welding of a continuous non-uniform variable-focal-length variable-section space three-dimensional curve by adopting an argon arc welding method in the prior art are solved, so that the parts are prevented from being scrapped, and further great economic benefit can be realized; importantly, in the three-dimensional curve electron beam welding method, the surface profile curve, namely point position data of X, Y, Z three-axis coordinates of each feed point of the three-dimensional weld curve and the Z-axis thickness of each feed point, is obtained in a numerical control programming mode, so that the fitting precision of the generated three-dimensional weld curve track and the extracted actual three-dimensional weld curve is high, the electron beam welding precision and the quality of welded parts can be improved, and data points are automatically generated by a numerical control programming program, so that the data points are extracted very simply, the complexity of data extraction can be greatly reduced, the data point extraction speed is increased, the working strength of personnel is reduced, and meanwhile, the electron beam welding method is simple to operate and high in welding efficiency.
In addition to the objects, features and advantages described above, other objects, features and advantages of the present invention are also provided. The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a state in which a rotating member to be welded and a parent rotating member of a preferred embodiment of the present invention intersect to form a three-dimensional weld curve;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the three-dimensional weld curve formed in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a portion of the spatial structure of the rotating member to be welded of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of FIG. 1 illustrating a local coordinate system;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the fixture alignment of FIG. 1;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the error between the tool path and the actual path.
Description of the figures
10. Mother welding a rotating piece; 101. a connecting through hole; 20. a rotating member to be welded; 21. welding a boss; 30. a working platform; 40. three-dimensional weld curve.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the invention can be embodied in many different forms, which are defined and covered by the following description.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, a preferred embodiment of the present invention provides a three-dimensional curved electron beam welding method for welding a continuous non-uniform variable-focus variable-section spatial three-dimensional weld curve, the electron beam welding method including the steps of:
pretreatment in welding: and respectively carrying out pre-welding treatment on the positions to be welded on the mother welding rotating member 10 and the rotating member 20 to be welded.
Spot welding connection: the welding bosses 21 are spot-welded to the connecting through holes 101.
Clamping and aligning: the method comprises the steps of clamping and positioning a female welding rotating member 10 on a working platform 30 of an electron beam welding machine through a welding fixture, aligning the female welding rotating member 10 to enable the female welding rotating member 10 and the working platform 30 to be the same as a rotation center, and adjusting the working platform 30 to align a symmetry center of a welding boss 21 to determine a welding center.
Generating a three-dimensional welding seam curve track numerical control program: after a local coordinate system is set up at the welding center and a three-dimensional welding seam curve 40 is extracted, a surface contour curve and a bottom contour curve of the three-dimensional welding seam curve 40 are selected in programming software and a programming mode is respectively adopted, point location data of X, Y, Z three-axis coordinates of each feed point of the surface contour curve and Z-axis thickness of each feed point are obtained, then the point location data of each feed point Z-axis coordinate is converted into focusing current which changes relative to the original point of the local coordinate system, the Z-axis thickness of each feed point is converted into corresponding electron beam, and an electron beam welding program of a three-dimensional welding seam curve track is compiled according to the point location data of each feed point X, Y-axis coordinate, focusing current parameters and electron beam parameters.
Electron beam welding: and introducing an electron beam welding program into a control system of the electron beam welding machine, and carrying out electron beam welding on the three-dimensional weld curve 40 after obtaining the focusing current parameter of the origin of the local coordinate system.
In the electron beam welding method, point position data of Z-axis coordinates of each feed point is converted into focusing current which changes relative to the origin of a local coordinate system, and the Z-axis thickness of each feed point is converted into corresponding electron beam, so that the welding of a space three-dimensional curve of a continuous non-uniform variable-focus variable-section can be realized, and the technical problem that the welding of the space three-dimensional curve continuous non-uniform variable-focus variable-section cannot be realized in the prior art is solved; meanwhile, the technical problems of large deformation of parts after welding and incomplete fusion of a welding position during welding of a continuous non-uniform variable-focal-length variable-section space three-dimensional curve by adopting an argon arc welding method in the prior art are solved, so that the parts are prevented from being scrapped, and further great economic benefit can be realized; importantly, in the three-dimensional curve electron beam welding method, the surface profile curve, namely point position data of X, Y, Z three-axis coordinates of each feed point of the three-dimensional weld curve 40 and the Z-axis thickness of each feed point, is obtained in a numerical control programming mode, so that the fitting precision of the generated three-dimensional weld curve track and the extracted actual three-dimensional weld curve 40 is high, the electron beam welding precision and the quality of welded parts can be improved, and the data points are automatically generated by a numerical control programming program, so that the extraction of the data points is very simple, the complexity of data extraction can be greatly reduced, the data point extraction speed is accelerated, the working strength of personnel is reduced, and meanwhile, the electron beam welding method is simple to operate and high in welding efficiency.
Optionally, the step "before welding" specifically includes the following steps:
preparing a joint: the outer circle of the welding boss 21 on the rotary member 20 to be welded is turned to ensure the precision size of the outer circle of the welding boss 21, and the inner circle of the connecting through hole 101, which is matched and connected with the welding boss 21, on the mother welding rotary member 10 is subjected to milling to ensure the precision size of the inner circle of the connecting through hole 101.
Cleaning before welding: the inner and outer surfaces of the outer circumference of the welding boss 21 and the inner and outer surfaces of the outer circumference of the connecting through hole 101 are respectively polished to ensure that no pollutant is attached to the inner and outer surfaces.
Assembling and combining: and repairing the connecting through hole 101 according to the size of the excircle of the welding boss 21 so as to ensure the welding seam clearance between the welding boss 21 and the connecting through hole 101 and the dislocation of the butt joint of the welding boss 21 and the connecting through hole 101.
Specifically, in the step of preparing the joint, the precision size of the outer circle of the welding boss 21 is controlled according to the tolerance (0, -0.03); the precision size of the inner circle of the connecting through hole 101 is controlled according to the tolerance (+0.03, 0); and the electron beam welding is welding without welding wires, the welding precision is high, and the matching relation of the welding butt joint is good, so the rounding modification can not be carried out on the excircle of the welding boss 21 and the connecting through hole 101, so as to keep the sharp edge or the blunt edge of the welding butt joint and realize seamless connection. In the step of cleaning before welding, the inner surface and the outer surface of the outer circle of the welding boss 21 within 10mm are polished, the inner surface and the outer surface of the outer circle of the connecting through hole 101 within 10mm are polished, so that the inner surface and the outer surface are ensured to be free of pollutants such as oxides, scratches, oil stains or other impurities and the like, and further, the phenomenon that slag is formed inside a welding line to influence the welding line strength and the welding line performance is avoided. In the step of assembling and combining, the connecting through hole 101 is repaired according to the size of the excircle of the welding boss 21 so as to ensure that the gap of the welding seam between the welding boss 21 and the connecting through hole 101 is not more than 0.06, the dislocation of the joint of the welding boss 21 and the connecting through hole 101 is not more than 0.1, and meanwhile, the sharp edge or the blunt edge of the joint needs to be ensured.
Optionally, the step "spot welding connection" specifically comprises the steps of:
spot welding and positioning: the welding boss 21 and the connecting through hole 101 are spot-welded, positioned and connected.
And (3) correcting after positioning: the welding boss 21 is corrected to ensure that the inner surface of the joint where the welding boss 21 and the connecting through-hole 101 are butted is flush.
Specifically, in the step of spot welding positioning, if the welding boss 21 is a circular boss, 3 spots are symmetrically tack-welded between the outer circle of the welding boss 21 and the connecting through hole 101; if the welding boss 21 is a waist-shaped boss, 4 points are symmetrically tack-welded between the excircle of the welding boss 21 and the connecting through hole 101; and the diameter of each welding spot is not more than phi 2 mm; and the positioning welding spot can not fall on the direction parallel and vertical to the axis of the mother welding rotating piece 10, so that the subsequent alignment and positioning of the welding boss 21 are facilitated; the spot welding is argon arc welding. In the step of positioning and correcting, after the welding boss 21 is corrected to ensure that the inner surface of the butt joint of the welding boss 21 and the connecting through hole 101 is flush, the welding seam is kept clean, and the inner surface and the outer surface of the position to be welded are cleaned by acetone.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 5, the step of "clamping and aligning" specifically includes the following steps:
clamping and aligning the mother welding rotating piece 10: the mother welding rotating member 10 is clamped and positioned on the working platform 30 through the welding fixture, and the jump of the design reference on the mother welding rotating member 10 to the working platform 30 is aligned, so that the rotating center of the mother welding rotating member 10 is concentric with the rotating center of the working platform 30.
Aligning the rotating member to be welded 20: the work table 30 is tilted so that the rotation center of the to-be-welded rotating member 20 coincides with the electron beam direction, and the electron beam is used to align the symmetry center of the welding boss 21 to determine the welding center.
Specifically, in the step of clamping and aligning the mother welding rotating member 10, the mother welding rotating member 10 with the to-be-welded rotating member 20 spot-welded thereon is clamped on a welding fixture, then the welding fixture is fixed on the working platform 30, the runout of the design reference on the mother welding rotating member 10 to the working platform 30 is aligned to be not more than 0.02, so that the rotation center of the mother welding rotating member 10 is concentric with the rotation center of the working platform 30, the magnetic fluxes on the mother welding rotating member 10, the to-be-welded rotating member 20 and the welding fixture need to be checked, and the part with the magnetic flux larger than 2 x 10 < -4 > T is demagnetized, so that the influence of the magnetic flux on electron beam welding is avoided. In the step "alignment of the rotating member 20 to be welded", as shown in fig. 5, the mother welding rotating member 10 is tilted by the working platform 30 according to the angle of the rotating member 20 to be welded, so that the rotation center of the rotating member 20 to be welded coincides with the direction of the electron beam, the working platform 30 is rotated to the position to be welded, and then the electron beam is used to align the symmetry center of the welding boss 21 to determine the welding center.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 4, the step "generating a three-dimensional weld curve trajectory numerical control program" specifically includes the following steps:
setting a local coordinate system: a local coordinate system is established at the welding center determined on the welding boss 21.
Point location data and thickness acquisition: extracting the three-dimensional weld curve 40, selecting a surface contour curve and a bottom contour curve of the three-dimensional weld curve 40 from programming software, and respectively adopting a programming mode to obtain point position data of X, Y, Z three-axis coordinates of each feed point of the surface contour curve and Z-axis thickness of each feed point.
And (3) converting Z-axis point data: and acquiring the change rule of the electron beam focal position and the focusing current, and converting point position data of Z-axis coordinates of each feed point into the focusing current which changes relative to the origin of the local coordinate system.
And Z-axis thickness conversion: and obtaining the relation among the welding material, the penetration and the electron beam flow, and converting the Z-axis thickness of each feed point into a corresponding electron beam flow.
Programming: and compiling an electron beam welding program of the three-dimensional weld curve track according to point position data of the axis coordinates of each feed point X, Y, the focusing current parameters and the electron beam current parameters.
In this alternative, as shown in fig. 4, in the step "setting up a local coordinate system", the origin of the local coordinate system is the intersection point of the rotation center line of the welding boss 21 and the upper surface of the welding boss 21, or the origin of the local coordinate system is the intersection point of the rotation center line of the welding boss 21 and a plane with any height on the welding boss 21.
In this alternative, as shown in fig. 4 and 6, the step of "obtaining point location data and thickness" specifically includes the following steps:
extracting a three-dimensional curve: three-dimensional weld curves (40) are extracted using three-dimensional mapping software. Specifically, since the model of the female-welding rotating member 10 and the model of the rotating member to be welded 20 are entities and cannot be used to construct points, the three-dimensional weld curve 40 needs to be extracted using the self-contained functions of three-dimensional mapping software (including UG, PRO/E, SolidWorks, CATIA, CAXA, and the like).
Tool creation: and creating a cutter with a diameter meeting the tolerance requirement in programming software. Specifically, since the profile milling programming cannot be closed in the existing programming software, the tool diameter is set to the diameter D that can meet the tolerance requirement, so that the trajectory error is D/2, as shown in fig. 6, for example, set to 0.001, the trajectory error is only 0.0005, which is negligible, thereby improving the welding accuracy.
Point location data acquisition: and setting the established local coordinate system as a programming coordinate system, selecting a surface contour curve of the three-dimensional weld curve 40, and acquiring point position data of X, Y, Z three-axis coordinates of each feed point of the surface contour curve by adopting a contour milling programming mode. Specifically, firstly, a program is set as a local coordinate system, a surface contour curve of the three-dimensional weld curve 40 is selected, and a contour milling programming mode is adopted to generate the surface contour curve, and in the programming process, a feed and retraction mode is closed, so that the generation of coordinate data irrelevant to electron beam welding can be avoided, and the trajectory extraction of the surface contour curve program is facilitated; and then, intercepting the track part, copying the track part into data processing software such as excel and the like for processing, wherein the obtained X, Y coordinate is the motion coordinate of the electron beam welding of each feed point, namely point position data of X, Y axis coordinates of each feed point, and the Z coordinate is used for subsequent thickness calculation.
Obtaining the thickness of the Z axis: and selecting a bottom contour curve of the three-dimensional weld curve 40 in a programming coordinate system, acquiring point position data of a Z coordinate of each feed point of the bottom contour curve by adopting a tool path programming mode, comparing the point position data of the Z coordinate of the feed point of the bottom contour curve with the point position data of the Z coordinate of the corresponding feed point of the surface contour curve, and acquiring the Z-axis thickness of each feed point. Specifically, firstly, a bottom contour curve of the three-dimensional weld curve 40 is selected from a programming coordinate system, and a program of the bottom contour curve is generated by adopting a tool path programming mode; then, intercepting the track part, copying the track part into data processing software such as excel and the like for processing, and extracting point location data of a Z coordinate; and finally, comparing the point location data of the Z coordinate of the feed point of the bottom contour curve with the point location data of the Z coordinate of the feed point corresponding to the surface contour curve, and acquiring the Z-axis thickness of each feed point. In the method, firstly, a contour milling programming mode is adopted to obtain point location data of X, Y, Z three-axis coordinates of each feed point of a surface contour curve, then a tool path programming mode is adopted to obtain point location data of X, Y, Z three-axis coordinates of each feed point of a bottom contour curve, the contour milling programming mode and the tool path programming mode are respectively adopted to ensure that the two obtained feed points are points in one-to-one correspondence, namely the projection of the former obtained feed point and the latter obtained feed point on a plane vertical to an electron beam is superposed, namely X, Y coordinates of the two feed points are identical.
In this alternative, the step "Z-axis point data conversion" specifically includes the following steps:
the law of the change of the focus position and the focusing current of the electron beam is obtained through experiments, namely, the focusing current is reduced by 1mA when the focus position is reduced by 1mm, the focusing current is increased by 1mA when the focus position is increased by 1mm, and the lifting of the focus position and the increase and decrease of the focusing current are in a linear relation.
And converting point position data of Z-axis coordinates of each extraction point into focusing current which changes relative to the origin of the local coordinate system according to the change rule of the focal position and the focusing current.
Specifically, the step of "obtaining the rule of the change of the focal position and the focusing current through experiments" specifically comprises the following steps: setting test pieces with different heights on the working platform 30, then carrying out a test of the focusing current on the surface of the test piece, recording the change rule of the focusing current in the test process, and finally obtaining that the Z value in a certain section of height difference delta H is changed into the same focusing current value when the change of the focusing current is small and the quality of a welding seam is not influenced, and setting the Z value of the delta H at the other end of the height difference delta H as another same focusing current value.
In the alternative, the step of "Z-axis thickness conversion" specifically comprises the following steps:
the relation among the welding materials, the penetration and the electron beam flow is obtained through experiments, namely the penetration of each welding material is in a linear relation with the electron beam flow, and the electron beam flows of different welding materials with the same penetration are different.
And converting the Z-axis thickness of each feed point into a corresponding electron beam flow according to the relation among the welding material, the penetration and the electron beam flow.
The method comprises the following specific operations of acquiring the relation between welding materials, penetration and electron beam flow through experiments: and trial welding different penetration depths of the test piece to obtain the relation between the electron beam current and the penetration depth, wherein a penetration depth interval is taken from the electron beam current with small change, and the penetration depth of the interval, namely the thickness of the Z axis of the interval, is set as the same electron beam current.
In this alternative, the step of programming is specifically operative to: and constructing a track program of a three-dimensional weld curve by using point position data of X, Y axis coordinates, realizing Z-axis movement of a welding focus by using Z-axis rotation as a changed focusing current parameter, completing welding of a space curve, realizing continuous and non-uniformly changed variable cross section welding by using electron beam interval parameters obtained by tests, and finally compiling an electron beam welding program of the three-dimensional weld curve track.
Optionally, the step "electron beam welding" specifically comprises the steps of:
and (3) introducing a beam welding program: and importing the programmed electron beam welding program into a control system of the electron beam welding machine.
Welding parts: and after acquiring the focusing current parameters of the origin of the local coordinate system and the focusing current parameters of each feed point, performing electron beam welding on the three-dimensional weld curve 40.
Quality inspection: and (5) carrying out quality inspection on the welded seam.
In the alternative, the step of welding the parts specifically comprises the following steps:
the center of symmetry of the welding boss 21 is re-aligned using the electron beam to determine the welding center.
And acquiring the focusing current parameter of the origin of the local coordinate system according to an experiment.
And acquiring the focusing current parameters corresponding to the cutting points according to the focal position and the change rule of the focusing current.
And starting the electron beam welding machine to weld the three-dimensional weld curve 40.
In this alternative, the step "quality check" is specifically performed by: and carrying out X-ray, fluorescence and appearance inspection on the welded seam after butt welding, and adjusting welding parameters according to requirements or carrying out modified welding.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A three-dimensional curve electron beam welding method is characterized by being used for welding a continuous non-uniform variable-section space three-dimensional weld curve, and the electron beam welding method comprises the following steps:
pretreatment in welding: respectively carrying out pre-welding treatment on the positions to be welded on the mother welding rotating piece (10) and the rotating piece (20) to be welded;
spot welding connection: carrying out spot welding connection on a welding boss (21) on the to-be-welded rotating member (20) and a connecting through hole (101) on the mother welding rotating member (10);
clamping and aligning: clamping and positioning the mother welding rotating part (10) on a working platform (30) of an electron beam welding machine through a welding clamp, aligning the mother welding rotating part (10) to enable the mother welding rotating part (10) and the working platform (30) to be at the same rotating center, and adjusting the working platform (30) to align the symmetrical center of a welding boss (21) to determine a welding center;
generating a three-dimensional welding seam curve track numerical control program: after a local coordinate system is set up at a welding center and a three-dimensional welding seam curve (40) is extracted, selecting a surface contour curve and a bottom contour curve of the three-dimensional welding seam curve (40) in programming software and adopting a programming mode respectively, acquiring point location data of X, Y, Z three-axis coordinates of each feed point of the surface contour curve and Z-axis thickness of each feed point, converting the point location data of each feed point Z-axis coordinate into focusing current which changes relative to the original point of the local coordinate system, converting each feed point Z-axis thickness into corresponding electron beam, and compiling an electron beam welding program of a three-dimensional welding seam curve track according to the point location data of each feed point X, Y-axis coordinate, focusing current parameters and electron beam parameters;
electron beam welding: introducing an electron beam welding program into a control system of the electron beam welding machine, and carrying out electron beam welding on the three-dimensional weld curve (40) after obtaining a focusing current parameter of the origin of the local coordinate system;
the step of generating the three-dimensional weld curve track numerical control program specifically comprises the following steps of:
setting a local coordinate system: a local coordinate system is established at the welding center determined on the welding boss (21); the origin of the local coordinate system is the intersection point of the rotation center line of the welding boss (21) and the upper surface of the welding boss (21), or the origin of the local coordinate system is the intersection point of the plane with any height on the welding boss (21) and the rotation center line of the welding boss (21);
point location data and thickness acquisition: extracting a three-dimensional weld curve (40), selecting a surface contour curve and a bottom contour curve of the three-dimensional weld curve (40) from programming software, and respectively adopting a programming mode to obtain point position data of X, Y, Z three-axis coordinates of each feed point of the surface contour curve and Z-axis thickness of each feed point; the method specifically comprises the following steps: extracting a three-dimensional curve: extracting a three-dimensional weld curve (40) using three-dimensional mapping software; tool creation: creating a cutter with a diameter meeting tolerance requirements in programming software; point location data acquisition: setting the established local coordinate system as a programming coordinate system, selecting a surface contour curve of the three-dimensional weld curve (40) and adopting a contour milling programming mode to obtain point position data of X, Y, Z three-axis coordinates of each feed point of the surface contour curve; obtaining the thickness of the Z axis: selecting a bottom contour curve of a three-dimensional welding line curve (40) in a programming coordinate system, obtaining point position data of a Z coordinate of each feed point of the bottom contour curve after adopting a tool path programming mode, and obtaining the Z-axis thickness of each feed point after comparing the point position data of the Z coordinate of the feed point of the bottom contour curve with the point position data of the Z coordinate of the feed point corresponding to a surface contour curve;
and (3) converting Z-axis point data: acquiring the change rule of the electron beam focal position and the focusing current, and converting point position data of Z-axis coordinates of each cutting point into the focusing current which changes relative to the origin of a local coordinate system; the method specifically comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of obtaining a rule of change of a focus position and a focusing current of an electron beam through experiments, namely, when the focus position is reduced by 1mm, the focusing current is reduced by 1mA, when the focus position is increased by 1mm, the focusing current is increased by 1mA, and the lifting of the focus position and the increase and decrease of the focusing current are in a linear relation; converting point position data of Z-axis coordinates of each feed point into focusing current which changes relative to the origin of a local coordinate system according to the change rule of the focal position and the focusing current;
and Z-axis thickness conversion: obtaining the relation among welding materials, penetration and electron beam flow, and converting the Z-axis thickness of each feed point into corresponding electron beam flow; the method specifically comprises the following steps: the relation among welding materials, the penetration and the electron beam flow is obtained through experiments, namely the penetration of each welding material is in a linear relation with the electron beam flow, and the electron beam flows of different welding materials with the same penetration are different; converting the Z-axis thickness of each feed point into a corresponding electron beam flow according to the relation among the welding material, the penetration and the electron beam flow;
programming: and compiling an electron beam welding program of the three-dimensional weld curve track according to point position data of the axis coordinates of each feed point X, Y, the focusing current parameters and the electron beam current parameters.
2. The three-dimensional curved electron beam welding method according to claim 1, wherein the step "pre-weld treatment" specifically comprises the steps of:
preparing a joint: turning the outer circle of a welding boss (21) on a to-be-welded rotating member (20) to ensure the precision size of the outer circle of the welding boss (21), and performing milling on the inner circle of a connecting through hole (101) which is matched and connected with the welding boss (21) on a mother welding rotating member (10) to ensure the precision size of the inner circle of the connecting through hole (101);
cleaning before welding: polishing the inner surface and the outer surface of the outer circle of the welding boss (21) and the inner surface and the outer surface of the outer circle of the connecting through hole (101) respectively to ensure that no pollutant is attached to the inner surface and the outer surface;
assembling and combining: and (3) repairing the connecting through hole (101) according to the size of the excircle of the welding boss (21) so as to ensure the gap of the welding seam between the welding boss (21) and the connecting through hole (101) and the dislocation of the butt joint of the welding boss (21) and the connecting through hole (101).
3. The three-dimensional curvilinear electron beam welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that the step "spot welding" comprises in particular the steps of:
spot welding and positioning: spot welding positioning and connection are carried out on the welding boss (21) and the connecting through hole (101);
and (3) correcting after positioning: and correcting the welding boss (21) to ensure that the inner surface of the butt joint of the welding boss (21) and the connecting through hole (101) is flush.
4. The three-dimensional curved electron beam welding method according to claim 1, wherein the step of "clamping and aligning" specifically comprises the steps of:
clamping and aligning a mother welding rotating part (10): clamping and positioning the mother welding rotating member (10) onto a working platform (30) through a welding clamp, and aligning the jump of a design reference on the mother welding rotating member (10) to the working platform (30) so as to enable the rotating center of the mother welding rotating member (10) to be concentric with the rotating center of the working platform (30);
aligning a to-be-welded rotating member (20): the working platform (30) is tilted so that the rotation center of the rotating member (20) to be welded coincides with the direction of the electron beam, and the electron beam is used to align the symmetry center of the welding boss (21) to determine the welding center.
5. The three-dimensional curvilinear electron beam welding method of claim 1, characterized in that the step "electron beam welding" comprises in particular the steps of:
and (3) introducing an electron beam welding program: leading the compiled electron beam welding program into a control system of the electron beam welding machine;
welding parts: after the focusing current parameters of the origin of the local coordinate system and the focusing current parameters of each feed point are obtained, carrying out electron beam welding on the three-dimensional weld curve (40);
quality inspection: and (5) carrying out quality inspection on the welded seam.
6. The three-dimensional curvilinear electron beam welding method according to claim 5, characterized in that the step "part welding" comprises in particular the steps of:
re-aligning the symmetry center of the welding boss (21) by using an electron beam to determine a welding center;
acquiring a focusing current parameter of the origin of a local coordinate system according to an experiment;
acquiring focusing current parameters corresponding to each feed point according to the change rule of the focal position and the focusing current;
and starting the electron beam welding machine to weld the three-dimensional weld curve (40).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911049278.7A CN110788468B (en) | 2019-10-31 | 2019-10-31 | Three-dimensional curve electron beam welding method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911049278.7A CN110788468B (en) | 2019-10-31 | 2019-10-31 | Three-dimensional curve electron beam welding method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN110788468A CN110788468A (en) | 2020-02-14 |
| CN110788468B true CN110788468B (en) | 2021-11-26 |
Family
ID=69442249
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911049278.7A Active CN110788468B (en) | 2019-10-31 | 2019-10-31 | Three-dimensional curve electron beam welding method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN110788468B (en) |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101412149A (en) * | 2007-10-17 | 2009-04-22 | 沈阳黎明航空发动机(集团)有限责任公司 | Electron-bombardment welding technique |
| JP2010232098A (en) * | 2009-03-27 | 2010-10-14 | Nec Control Systems Ltd | Electron beam processing device, control method, and program |
| CN102416525A (en) * | 2011-10-17 | 2012-04-18 | 哈尔滨汽轮机厂有限责任公司 | Electron beam welding method for variable-section gas turbine casing |
| CN102672306A (en) * | 2012-01-31 | 2012-09-19 | 昆山工研院工业机器人研究所有限公司 | Method and system for automatic robot welding based on multilayer and multi-pass welding of curved surfaces |
| CN103331512A (en) * | 2013-06-24 | 2013-10-02 | 北京星航机电装备有限公司 | Electron beam welding method of special-shaped surface |
| CN103639583A (en) * | 2013-12-10 | 2014-03-19 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空制造工程研究所 | Method and system for carrying out welding through symmetrical electron beam welding track |
-
2019
- 2019-10-31 CN CN201911049278.7A patent/CN110788468B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101412149A (en) * | 2007-10-17 | 2009-04-22 | 沈阳黎明航空发动机(集团)有限责任公司 | Electron-bombardment welding technique |
| JP2010232098A (en) * | 2009-03-27 | 2010-10-14 | Nec Control Systems Ltd | Electron beam processing device, control method, and program |
| CN102416525A (en) * | 2011-10-17 | 2012-04-18 | 哈尔滨汽轮机厂有限责任公司 | Electron beam welding method for variable-section gas turbine casing |
| CN102672306A (en) * | 2012-01-31 | 2012-09-19 | 昆山工研院工业机器人研究所有限公司 | Method and system for automatic robot welding based on multilayer and multi-pass welding of curved surfaces |
| CN103331512A (en) * | 2013-06-24 | 2013-10-02 | 北京星航机电装备有限公司 | Electron beam welding method of special-shaped surface |
| CN103639583A (en) * | 2013-12-10 | 2014-03-19 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空制造工程研究所 | Method and system for carrying out welding through symmetrical electron beam welding track |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN110788468A (en) | 2020-02-14 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN110788466B (en) | Space three-dimensional curve continuous non-uniform zooming variable-section electron beam welding method | |
| CN101786210B (en) | Opening-nozzle saddle-shaped seam welding equipment | |
| CN201342565Y (en) | Perforated connecting pipe and saddle-shaped seam welding equipment | |
| KR100481782B1 (en) | Friction stir welding method | |
| CN110788467B (en) | Space curve electron beam welding method | |
| US5662264A (en) | Method for welding aluminum plates | |
| CN112743206A (en) | Robot welding process for assembling in ship | |
| CN105479183B (en) | A kind of high-speed milling-laser cuts weldering complex machining process and its can recombinate multiaxis NC maching system | |
| CN109290670A (en) | A kind of door opening class complexity cabin electro-beam welding method | |
| CN108057952B (en) | Electron beam welding method for thin-wall part with large length-diameter ratio | |
| CN106735828B (en) | A kind of horizontal rifle electro-beam welding method of large size spherical shell side seam | |
| CN103252557A (en) | Welding method achieving medium thick plate backing welding without back gouging | |
| CN110788468B (en) | Three-dimensional curve electron beam welding method | |
| EP1157775A3 (en) | Laser welding apparatus | |
| CN110788464A (en) | Electron beam welding method for large-thickness structural steel cylinder | |
| CN108436271B (en) | Welding method for reducing number of weld pores of laser deep fusion welding | |
| CN112917011A (en) | Laser welding method for end flange of exhaust pipe of aircraft engine | |
| CN109514070A (en) | A kind of electron beam welded structure leaf dish machining accuracy control method | |
| CN116275376A (en) | Intelligent welding method for intersecting line | |
| CN101670498B (en) | Groove process and tooling for restricting welding deformation of aluminum alloy thin-wall ball and flange | |
| CN107283040B (en) | A kind of method that electron beam continuously welds bending structure workpiece | |
| CN109352152A (en) | A kind of multi-shaft interlocked space curve welding seam Variable Polarity Plasma Arc Welding method | |
| CN112317942B (en) | Method for continuously welding irregular revolving body workpiece by electron beam | |
| CN214815592U (en) | Protection nozzle device and welding machine | |
| CN106438335B (en) | A kind of compound hollow piston structure and its electro-beam welding method |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |