CN110779803A - Multifunctional rock-soil three-dimensional model test device and use method thereof - Google Patents
Multifunctional rock-soil three-dimensional model test device and use method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 61
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 9
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- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
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- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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Abstract
The invention relates to a multifunctional rock-soil three-dimensional model test device and a use method thereof, wherein the multifunctional rock-soil three-dimensional model test device comprises the following steps: the test box is internally provided with a sample preparation space for pressing a test soil sample; the first loading air bag is arranged at the top in the test box, is in contact with the top surface of the test soil sample through a top surface loading plate and is used for applying axial loading force to the test soil sample; the second loading air bag is arranged on one side in the test box, is in contact with the side of the test soil sample through the side loading plate and is used for applying radial loading force to the test soil sample; and the inflation and pressurization device is respectively connected with the first loading air bag and the second loading air bag. The invention can be used for sample preparation and loading, can simulate a plane biaxial stress state or a three-dimensional state, can test a sample with larger size, and can also perform a vertical sediment test of tailings; meanwhile, a coupling test of a physical state field, a temperature field, a seepage field and a stress deformation field can be carried out, and the physical state, the mechanical behavior, the seepage characteristic and the temperature distribution of the soil body under the action of multiple physical fields are measured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a model test device and a method for researching key regional engineering properties in geotechnical structures in the field of geotechnical engineering, in particular to a multifunctional geotechnical three-dimensional model test device for testing physical, mechanical, seepage and thermal properties of a soil body containing a weak zone under the coupling action of a seepage field, a temperature field and a stress deformation field and a using method thereof.
Background
In the field of geotechnical engineering, weak zones often exist in geotechnical structures. In the case of the impervious structure, the weak zone refers to a soil layer or a strip-shaped soil body with significantly high permeability (such as a sand layer mixed in an impervious clay layer or a crushed stone strip mixed in a core wall of an earth and rockfill dam, and the like) mixed therein, and the impervious structure with the weak zone can generate various seepage failures under certain conditions. For the geotechnical structures with bearing capacity requirements, the weak belts refer to soil bodies with lower strength, such as weak interlayers, shearing belts and the like, and can cause instability or overlarge deformation of the geotechnical structures under certain conditions. The above-mentioned certain conditions refer to complex physical state field, seepage field, stress deformation field formed under the action of seepage and external force, and sometimes there is also change of thermodynamic condition, and the temperature field also needs to be considered. Therefore, the safety problem of geotechnical engineering often involves complex multi-field coupling, and the physical, mechanical, seepage and thermal characteristics of key areas near the weak zone need to be measured, and the coupling mechanism is further revealed to be the basis for carrying out engineering behavior analysis and safety evaluation.
At present, the complex multi-field coupling effect is not deeply researched at a mechanism level, and the established mathematical model is difficult to be effectively verified, so that the fundamental reason is that an effective comprehensive model test device and method are lacked.
Common methods for studying this type of problem are centrifugal model tests, multi-field coupling tests based on a triaxial apparatus and model box tests: the centrifugal model test is advanced geotechnical test equipment, but has huge volume, complex test process and higher cost. The invention discloses a multi-field coupling test system and a method based on a triaxial apparatus, such as Chinese patent with application number 201510409634.7, and discloses a multi-field coupling triaxial test system and a method thereof for unsaturated soil, which have the advantages that the system is improved on the basis of the traditional triaxial apparatus, the multi-field coupling test can be conveniently carried out, but the system and the method have the defects that the system and the method are limited by the scale of the triaxial apparatus, the size of a sample is small, the test with three-dimensional weak zones cannot be carried out, and the seepage problem under complex boundary conditions is difficult to simulate. The test device formed by improving the traditional triaxial test is different from the sample preparation device and the test device in the test, so that the test device is difficult to be used for the test of soil which is not easy to form, such as tailing sand and the like. The model box test, such as the model test box of the existing document 'shear band expansion mechanism research and expansion process simulation in soil', can perform the preset crack expansion test under the plane strain condition, and has the defect that the three-dimensional test related to seepage and temperature change and stress coupling cannot be performed.
Therefore, in the prior art, no device can carry out three-dimensional coupling tests of a rock-soil body physical state field, a temperature field, a seepage field and a stress deformation field with weak zones.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention aims to provide a multifunctional rock-soil three-dimensional model test device capable of measuring physical, mechanical, seepage and thermal characteristics of a soil body containing a weak zone under the coupling action of a seepage field, a temperature field and a stress deformation field and a using method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a multifunctional rock-soil three-dimensional model test device comprises: the test box is internally provided with a sample preparation space for pressing a test soil sample; the first loading air bag is arranged at the top in the test box, is in contact with the top surface of the test soil sample through a top surface loading plate and is used for applying axial loading force to the test soil sample; the second loading air bag is arranged on one side in the test box, is in contact with the side of the test soil sample through a side loading plate and is used for applying radial loading force to the test soil sample; and the inflation and pressurization device is respectively connected with the first loading air bag and the second loading air bag.
Preferably, the multifunctional rock-soil three-dimensional model test device comprises: the box body is cuboid and is provided with an opening at the top; the top plate is covered at the open end of the box body; the top exhaust hole is arranged on the top plate, is communicated with the outside and is used for exhausting when the test soil sample is saturated; the seepage pressure water feeding hole is formed in the bottom of one side of the box body and is communicated with the interior of the box body through the water feeding groove; the drainage hole is arranged at the bottom of the other side of the box body opposite to the seepage upper water hole and is communicated with the inside of the box body through the drainage water tank.
The multifunctional rock-soil three-dimensional model test device preferably further comprises a heating temperature measuring tube, wherein the heating temperature measuring tube comprises a plastic tube, temperature sensors distributed outside the plastic tube and a constant temperature heating rod arranged in the plastic tube; meanwhile, a plurality of sensor holes which are uniformly distributed are formed in the back plate of the box body, and the temperature sensor and the constant-temperature heating rod are connected with external equipment through the sensor holes.
The multifunctional rock-soil three-dimensional model test device is preferably characterized in that the water feeding tank and the water discharging tank are both covered with a water discharging plate and geotechnical cloth.
The multifunctional rock-soil three-dimensional model test device is preferably characterized in that an observation window is arranged on the front side of the box body.
The multifunctional rock-soil three-dimensional model test device is preferably characterized in that the test box is placed on the movable base.
The use method of the multifunctional rock-soil three-dimensional model test device comprises the following steps:
1) before sample preparation, firstly fixing a side loading plate on one side of a box body to form a fixed sample preparation space; secondly, according to a sample preparation method similar to that of a conventional triaxial test, a permeable material and test soil with a certain water content are paved into a test box layer by layer, and the permeable material and the test soil are compacted layer by layer to form a permeable layer and a test soil sample, wherein the permeable layer is positioned on two sides of the test soil sample;
2) after sample preparation is finished, placing a permeable plate on the top of a test soil sample, covering a top plate, connecting a water source with an osmotic pressure water supply hole and connecting a hole pressure sensor with a drain hole, exhausting air by using a top exhaust hole to finish saturation of the test soil sample, and monitoring the saturation of the test soil sample by using the hole pressure sensor;
3) when a loading test is required, placing a first loading air bag, a top surface loading plate and a rubber block on a top plate, covering the top plate, respectively abutting the rubber block between the side wall of the top surface loading plate and the side wall of the top plate and between the top wall of the side surface loading plate and the side wall of the top plate, and then connecting an inflating and pressurizing device with the first loading air bag and a second loading air bag (5) for loading;
4) when a seepage test needs to be carried out simultaneously, firstly, water stopping treatment is carried out on a sensor hole on a box body back plate, and meanwhile, waterproof materials are used for carrying out waterproof treatment on a box body corner and the periphery of a test soil sample; then connecting an external back pressure device with the osmotic pressure water supply hole, simultaneously connecting the water measuring pipe with the water discharge hole, applying osmotic pressure water to the test soil sample through the osmotic pressure water supply hole, and measuring the water quantity passing through the test soil sample within a certain time through the water measuring pipe so as to know the osmotic characteristic of the test soil sample;
5) when a heating temperature measurement test is required, in the sample preparation process, a heating temperature measurement pipe is embedded at a position to be measured in advance, a temperature sensor and a constant temperature heating rod are connected with external equipment through a lead, then a test soil sample is heated through the constant temperature heating rod, and the temperature distribution of the test soil sample under the stress and seepage loading condition is measured by using the temperature sensor;
6) when the problems related to abnormal seepage, weak interlayers or cracks need to be researched, an abnormal seepage area, a weak interlayer or a shear band is arranged at a position where the crack needs to be preset in the test soil sample to construct the difference between the crack and the shear strength of the surrounding test soil sample.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages: the invention can be used for sample preparation and loading, can simulate a plane biaxial stress state or a three-dimensional state, can test a sample with larger size, and can also perform a vertical sediment test of tailings; meanwhile, a coupling test of a physical state field, a temperature field, a seepage field and a stress deformation field can be carried out, and the physical state, the mechanical behavior, the seepage characteristic and the temperature distribution of the soil body under the action of multiple physical fields are measured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of a multifunctional geotechnical three-dimensional model test device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a left side view of the multifunctional geotechnical three-dimensional model test device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a heating temperature measuring tube according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the back plate of the case of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings so that the objects, features and advantages of the invention can be more clearly understood. It should be understood that the embodiments shown in the drawings are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, but are merely intended to illustrate the spirit of the technical solution of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the multifunctional rock-soil three-dimensional model test device provided by the invention comprises: the test box comprises a test box 1, wherein a sample preparation space for pressing a test soil sample 18 is formed inside the test box 1; the first loading air bag 2 is arranged at the top in the test box 1, is in contact with the top surface of the test soil sample 18 through a top surface loading plate 7 and is used for applying axial loading force to the test soil sample 18; the second loading air bag 5 is arranged on one side in the test box 1, is contacted with the side surface of the test soil sample 18 through a side loading plate 6 and is used for applying radial loading force to the test soil sample 18; and the inflating and pressurizing device 26 is respectively connected with the first loading air bag 2 and the second loading air bag 5.
In the above embodiment, preferably, the test chamber 1 includes: the box body 4 is cuboid and is provided with an opening at the top; a top plate 27 covering the open end of the case 4; a top exhaust hole 3 provided in the top plate 27 and communicating with the outside for exhausting air when the test soil sample 18 is saturated; the osmosizing water feeding hole 9 and the water feeding water tank 16, the osmosizing water feeding hole 9 is arranged at the bottom of one side of the box body 4 and is communicated with the inside of the box body 4 through the water feeding water tank 16; a drain hole 10 and a drain water tank 13, wherein the drain hole 10 is arranged at the bottom of the other side of the box body 4 opposite to the upper seepage pressure water hole 9 and is communicated with the inside of the box body 4 through the drain water tank 13.
In the above embodiment, preferably, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the device further includes a heating temperature measuring tube 21, where the heating temperature measuring tube 21 includes a plastic tube 22, temperature sensors 23 distributed outside the plastic tube 22, and a constant temperature heating rod 24 disposed inside the plastic tube 22; meanwhile, a plurality of uniformly distributed sensor holes 25 are formed in the back plate of the box body 4, and the temperature sensor 23 and the constant temperature heating rod 24 are connected with external equipment through the sensor holes 25.
In the above embodiment, it is preferable that the upper water tank 16 and the drain water tank 13 are covered with the drain board 12 and the geotextile 11 as shown in fig. 1 and 2, for providing uniform pressure and drainage conditions and preventing soil particles from being washed out of the box 4 by water flow.
In the above embodiment, it is preferable that an observation window 20 is provided at the front side of the case 4 to facilitate observation and recording of the change of the surface of the test soil sample 18 during the test.
In the above embodiment, the test chamber 1 is preferably placed on a movable base 14 to facilitate the movement of the test chamber.
Based on the multifunctional rock-soil three-dimensional model test device provided by the embodiment, the invention also provides a using method of the multifunctional rock-soil three-dimensional model test device, which comprises the following contents:
1) before sample preparation, firstly fixing a side loading plate 6 at one side of a box body 4 to form a fixed sample preparation space; then, according to a sample preparation method similar to that of a conventional triaxial test, sandy soil (or other soil layers with strong water permeability) and test soil with certain water content are paved into the test box 1 layer by layer and compacted layer by layer to form a sandy soil layer 17 and a test soil sample 18, wherein the sandy soil layer 17 is positioned on two sides of the test soil sample 18;
2) after sample preparation is finished, placing a permeable plate on the top of the test soil sample 18, covering a top plate 27, connecting a water source with the osmotic pressure water feeding hole 9 and connecting a hole pressure sensor with the water discharging hole 10, then exhausting air by using the top exhaust hole 3 to finish saturation of the test soil sample 18, and monitoring the saturation of the test soil sample 18 by using the hole pressure sensor;
3) when a loading test is required, the first loading airbag 2, the top loading plate 7 and the rubber block 8 are placed on the top plate 27, the top plate 27 is covered, the rubber block 8 is respectively abutted between the side wall of the top loading plate 7 and the side wall of the top plate 27 and between the top wall of the side loading plate 6 and the side wall of the top plate 27, and then the inflating and pressurizing device 26 is connected with the first loading airbag 2 and the second loading airbag 5 for loading;
4) when a seepage test needs to be carried out simultaneously, firstly, water stopping treatment is carried out on a sensor hole 25 on a back plate of the box body 4, and meanwhile, waterproof materials are used for the corners of the box body 4 and the periphery of a test soil sample to carry out waterproof treatment; then, an external back pressure device (not shown in the figure) is connected with the seepage pressure upper water hole 9, the water measuring pipe 15 is connected with the drain hole 10, seepage pressure is applied to the test soil sample 18 through the seepage pressure upper water hole 9, and then the water quantity passing through the test soil sample 18 within a certain time is measured through the water measuring pipe 15, so that the seepage characteristic of the test soil sample 18 is known;
5) when a heating temperature measurement test is required, in the sample preparation process, the heating temperature measurement tube 21 is embedded at a position to be measured in advance, the temperature sensor 23 and the constant temperature heating rod 24 are connected with external equipment through leads, then the test soil sample 18 is heated through the constant temperature heating rod 24, and the temperature sensor 23 is used for measuring the temperature distribution of the test soil sample 18 under the stress and seepage loading conditions;
6) when the problems related to abnormal seepage, weak interlayers or cracks need to be researched, an abnormal seepage area, a weak interlayer or a shear band 19 is arranged at a position where the cracks need to be preset in the test soil sample 18 to construct the difference between the shear strength of the cracks and the shear strength of the surrounding test soil sample 18.
The above embodiments are only used for illustrating the present invention, and the structure, connection mode, manufacturing process, etc. of the components may be changed, and all equivalent changes and modifications performed on the basis of the technical solution of the present invention should not be excluded from the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a three-dimensional model test device of multi-functional ground which characterized in that includes:
the test box (1) is internally provided with a sample preparation space for pressing a test soil sample (18);
the first loading air bag (2) is arranged at the inner top of the test box (1) and is in contact with the top surface of the test soil sample (18) through a top surface loading plate (7) and is used for applying axial loading force to the test soil sample (18);
the second loading air bag (5) is arranged on one side in the test box (1) and is in contact with the side of the test soil sample (18) through a side loading plate (6) and is used for applying radial loading force to the test soil sample (18);
and the inflating and pressurizing device (26) is respectively connected with the first loading air bag (2) and the second loading air bag (5).
2. The multifunctional geotechnical three-dimensional model test device according to claim 1, wherein the test chamber (1) includes:
the box body (4) is cuboid and is provided with an opening at the top;
a top plate (27) covering the open end of the box body (4);
the top exhaust hole (3) is arranged on the top plate (27), is communicated with the outside and is used for exhausting air when the test soil sample (18) is saturated;
the seepage water supply hole (9) and the water supply groove (16) are formed, the seepage water supply hole (9) is arranged at the bottom of one side of the box body (4) and is communicated with the inside of the box body (4) through the water supply groove (16);
the water draining hole (10) is arranged at the bottom of the other side of the box body (4) opposite to the seepage pressure upper water hole (9), and is communicated with the inside of the box body (4) through the water draining groove (13).
3. The multifunctional geotechnical three-dimensional model test device according to claim 2, further comprising a heating temperature measuring tube (21), wherein the heating temperature measuring tube (21) comprises a plastic tube (22), temperature sensors (23) distributed outside the plastic tube (22) and a constant temperature heating rod (24) arranged in the plastic tube (22); meanwhile, a plurality of uniformly distributed sensor holes (25) are formed in the back plate of the box body (4), and the temperature sensor (23) and the constant temperature heating rod (24) are connected with external equipment through the sensor holes (25).
4. The multifunctional geotechnical three-dimensional model test device according to claim 2, wherein the water feeding tank (16) and the water discharging tank (13) are covered with a water discharging plate (12) and a geotechnical cloth (11).
5. The multifunctional geotechnical three-dimensional model test device according to claim 2, wherein an observation window (20) is provided at a front side of the case (4).
6. The multifunctional geotechnical three-dimensional model test device according to claim 1, wherein the test box (1) is placed on a movable base (14).
7. The use method of the multifunctional geotechnical three-dimensional model test device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, which comprises the following steps:
1) before sample preparation, firstly fixing a side loading plate (6) at one side of a box body (4) to form a fixed sample preparation space; secondly, according to a sample preparation method similar to that of a conventional triaxial test, a permeable material and test soil with a certain water content are paved into a test box (1) layer by layer, and are compacted layer by layer to form a permeable layer (17) and a test soil sample (18), wherein the permeable layer (17) is positioned on two sides of the test soil sample (18);
2) after sample preparation is finished, placing a permeable plate on the top of the test soil sample (18), covering a top plate (27), connecting a water source with an osmotic pressure water feeding hole (9) and connecting a pore pressure sensor with a water discharging hole (10), then exhausting air by using a top air discharging hole (3) to finish saturation of the test soil sample (18), and monitoring the saturation of the test soil sample (18) by using the pore pressure sensor;
3) when a loading test is required, placing a first loading air bag (2), a top surface loading plate (7) and a rubber block (8) on a top plate (27), covering the top plate (27) with the rubber block (8), respectively abutting against the side wall of the top surface loading plate (7) and the side wall of the top plate (27) and the top wall of a side surface loading plate (6) and the side wall of the top plate (27), and then connecting an inflating and pressurizing device (26) with the first loading air bag (2) and a second loading air bag (5) for loading;
4) when a seepage test needs to be carried out simultaneously, firstly, water stopping treatment is carried out on a sensor hole (25) on a back plate of the box body (4), and meanwhile, waterproof materials are used for waterproof treatment on the corner of the box body (4) and the periphery of the test soil sample (18); then connecting an external back pressure device with the osmotic pressure water feeding hole (9), simultaneously connecting a water measuring pipe (15) with a drain hole (10), applying osmotic pressure water to the test soil sample (18) through the osmotic pressure water feeding hole (9), and measuring the water quantity passing through the test soil sample (18) within a certain time through the water measuring pipe (15), thereby knowing the osmotic characteristic of the test soil sample (18);
5) when a heating temperature measurement test is required, in the sample preparation process, a heating temperature measurement pipe (21) is embedded at a position to be measured in advance, a temperature sensor (23) and a constant temperature heating rod (24) are connected with external equipment through a lead, then a test soil sample (18) is heated through the constant temperature heating rod (24), and the temperature sensor (23) is used for measuring the temperature distribution of the test soil sample (18) under the stress and seepage loading conditions;
6) when the problems related to abnormal seepage, weak interlayers or cracks need to be researched, an abnormal seepage area, a weak interlayer or a shear band (19) is arranged at a position where the cracks need to be preset in the test soil sample (18) to construct the difference between the shear strength of the cracks and the shear strength of the surrounding test soil sample (18).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911111889.XA CN110779803A (en) | 2019-11-14 | 2019-11-14 | Multifunctional rock-soil three-dimensional model test device and use method thereof |
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| CN201911111889.XA CN110779803A (en) | 2019-11-14 | 2019-11-14 | Multifunctional rock-soil three-dimensional model test device and use method thereof |
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| CN111811995A (en) * | 2020-07-17 | 2020-10-23 | 中国地质大学（北京） | Visual test method and system for simulating coarse single-cross fracture multiphase seepage |
| CN112082875A (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2020-12-15 | 大连理工大学 | In-situ soil body parameter measuring device based on pressure penetration |
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| CN111272803A (en) * | 2020-02-21 | 2020-06-12 | 大连海事大学 | Soil high-temperature sintering test combined tester |
| CN111811995A (en) * | 2020-07-17 | 2020-10-23 | 中国地质大学（北京） | Visual test method and system for simulating coarse single-cross fracture multiphase seepage |
| CN112082875A (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2020-12-15 | 大连理工大学 | In-situ soil body parameter measuring device based on pressure penetration |
| CN112710808A (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2021-04-27 | 中国矿业大学 | Soil column test device and method for determining effective thickness of sewage protection layer |
| CN113533123A (en) * | 2021-08-06 | 2021-10-22 | 中山大学 | Triaxial soil sample seepage erosion and shear test device and test method thereof |
| CN114428987A (en) * | 2021-12-24 | 2022-05-03 | 中国水电建设集团十五工程局有限公司 | Dam body stress analysis method of concrete gravity dam under multi-physical-field action |
| CN114323983A (en) * | 2022-02-21 | 2022-04-12 | 中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Load test device capable of providing lateral pressure |
| CN115575608A (en) * | 2022-10-25 | 2023-01-06 | 中国矿业大学 | Energy underground structure model test system capable of simulating complex geological conditions |
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