CN110779480A - Device and method for monitoring erosion of dike foot - Google Patents
Device and method for monitoring erosion of dike foot Download PDFInfo
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- CN110779480A CN110779480A CN201910912528.9A CN201910912528A CN110779480A CN 110779480 A CN110779480 A CN 110779480A CN 201910912528 A CN201910912528 A CN 201910912528A CN 110779480 A CN110779480 A CN 110779480A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B22/00—Buoys
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/18—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring depth
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L11/00—Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by means not provided for in group G01L7/00 or G01L9/00
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B22/00—Buoys
- B63B2022/006—Buoys specially adapted for measuring or watch purposes
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for monitoring erosion of dike feet, wherein the device comprises an embedded buoy and a signal receiving platform, the embedded buoy comprises a shell, a floating box, a balance weight, a sensor and a signal transmitting module, the floating box is positioned at the upper part of the shell, the balance weight is arranged at the lower part of the shell, the signal transmitting module is arranged at the upper part of the shell, the sensor is arranged at the top of the shell and is connected with the input end of the signal transmitting module, the sensor is used for detecting whether the buoy floats upwards or not, and the output end of the signal transmitting module. The invention can comprehensively and effectively monitor the scouring condition of the riverbed by burying the buoys under the riverbed at different positions, adopts a simple device, can be arranged in a large range, has low cost, is small and exquisite, can be repeatedly recycled, and saves energy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of dike foot monitoring, in particular to a device and a method for monitoring erosion of dike feet.
Background
The inspection of the flushing of the dike feet in the prior dike inspection work mostly adopts a manual mode, for example, inspection personnel can probe by feet when falling to the vicinity of the water surface or by using a simple tool, and the inspection result is mostly described in a qualitative mode. In addition, technologies such as ultrasonic waves, sonars and ground penetrating radars are also applied to the field of embankment scour detection, and the main principle is that the change of the shapes of embankments and river beds is reflected by the difference of transmission characteristics of sound waves or radar waves in different media.
The flushing degree and the size of a flushing pit can not be accurately determined by manually detecting the flushing of the dike foot, the operation experience of detection personnel is seriously depended on, the detection frequency is not high, enough datamation information does not exist, and the research on the flushing evolution process of the dike foot is not enough supported. Meanwhile, the manual inspection mode has certain dangers, and particularly brings certain risks to the management of an embankment management department under severe hydrometeorological conditions. The method for performing the dike erosion detection by using the ultrasonic waves, the sonar, the ground penetrating radar and the like is easily influenced by waterweeds, silt and the like, large-scale equipment is needed, the use cost is high, the method can be applied to point-like items such as bridge pier erosion, and the like, and the method is difficult to popularize in a large range for the long-distance linear item such as the dike.
A method for monitoring soil erosion disclosed in Chinese patent document and its system, its publication No. CN1417594, its publication No. 2003, 05, 14.14.9.7, multiple transmitters buried at intervals of predetermined depth from top to bottom are buried in the soil layer, when the soil layer is flushed, each transmitter will be flushed and moved one by one due to different soil layer erosion depths, when each transmitter is flushed, it will vibrate or rotate to send out radio signals with different codes, and the signals are received by the signal receiving equipment on the ground and read codes, so as to monitor the real-time erosion depth of the soil layer, and then transmit the detected real-time erosion depth to the early warning device to send out warning signal at proper time. The early warning of the soil layer scouring depth is realized by sending out a radio signal to give an alarm after the transmitter is flushed out of the soil layer, but the transmitter is a vibration type sensor, is complex in operation, high in cost and large in consumed energy, and fails to monitor the soil layer scouring in real time when the transmitter is maintained unattended in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly solves the problem that the scour depth of the dike feet in the prior art cannot be efficiently monitored in a large-scale real-time manner, and provides the scour monitoring device and the scour monitoring method for the dike feet, which are low in cost, can be arranged in a large scale, and can be used for efficiently monitoring the scour depth of the dike feet in a real-time manner.
The technical problem of the invention is mainly solved by the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a levee foot erodees monitoring devices, includes a plurality of formula buoy and signal reception platform of buryying, the formula buoy of buryying includes casing, flotation tank, counter weight, sensor and signal emission module, the flotation tank is located casing upper portion, the counter weight is installed in the casing lower part, signal emission module installs on casing upper portion, the sensor is installed at the casing top, the sensor is connected with signal emission module input, the sensor is used for detecting the buoy and whether floats, signal emission module output is connected with signal reception platform. The casing prevents that the internal plant from intaking, protection and waterproof function have, the flotation can increase the come-up nature of device, make the device when being erodeed the certain degree, can go up to the surface of water, the counter weight makes the device have certain weight, prevent the device come-up easily, the sensor is used for whether come-up of detection device or whether come-up surface of water, cooperation signal emission module, make signal emission module give signal receiving platform with the information transmission of buoy come-up or come-up surface of water, realize the dyke foot and erode the monitoring of position and degree of depth.
Preferably, the sensor comprises a pressure sensor or a pull-wire sensor, the pressure sensor is arranged on the outer wall of the top of the shell, and the pull-wire sensor is arranged on the inner wall of the top of the shell. When the pressure sensor is underwater, the pressure sensor receives the pressure of water and detects the pressure, when the pressure sensor is positioned on the water surface, the water pressure disappears, the pressure sensor cannot detect the water pressure, whether the embedded buoy floats out of the water surface is judged through the existence of the water pressure, when the stay-supported sensor is positioned underwater, the stay wire is pulled through pulling the stay wire, when the embedded buoy floats, the stay wire is pulled, and whether the embedded buoy floats through detecting whether the stay wire is pulled or not.
The invention also provides a method for monitoring the flushing of the dike feet, which comprises the following steps: step s 1: numbering all buoys; step s 2: embedding the numbered embedded buoy under the river bed outside the dike foot, recording the position and the depth of the embedded buoy in the river bed, and establishing a corresponding table of the relation between the buoy number and the position and the depth of the river bed; step s 3: when the riverbed scouring exceeds the buried depth of the embedded buoy to a certain degree, the buoy loses the constraint of riverbed soil and floats out of the water surface under the action of water buoyancy; step s 4: when the buoy floats upwards or out of the water, the sensor detects that the buoy floats upwards or out of the water and transmits information to the signal transmitting module; step s 5: and after receiving the sensor information, the signal transmitting module transmits and broadcasts the sensor information to the signal receiving platform, and the staff determines the position and the depth of the flushing of the dike foot according to the broadcast information received by the signal receiving platform. The method comprises the steps of embedding buoys under a river bed, recording the embedding depth, recording the embedding position of each buoy, corresponding the serial number of each buoy to the embedding position and depth, and effectively monitoring the scouring position and depth of the river bed when the buoys float.
Preferably, in the step s2, the single or the plurality of embedded buoys are embedded under the river bed, and when the plurality of embedded buoys are embedded under the river bed, the plurality of buoys are sequentially embedded at a predetermined interval. When buoys are embedded into a river bed, the buoys are embedded at intervals of 0.5 meter along a river bed line according to actual conditions, when a plurality of buoys are embedded at the same position, the first buoy is 0.5 meter away from the river bed, the buoys at the back are respectively embedded at intervals of 0.5 meter, and the embedding depth and the embedding interval of the buoys can be increased or decreased according to the actual conditions.
Preferably, in step s3, the buoyancy F is calculated to be mg, where m is the mass of the same volume of water as the embedded buoy, g is the acceleration of gravity, and the mass H of the counterweight is obtained, when F > Hg + F, the embedded buoy starts to float, where F is the friction between the embedded buoy and the riverbed soil mass, and the calculated buoyancy F is obtained through multiple experiments according to the situation of different riverbed soil masses; when F is less than Hg + F, the embedded buoy is fixed under the river bed soil body, and when F is equal to Hg + F, the embedding depth of the embedded buoy to be floated is determined, and the distance between the embedded buoy and the river bed surface is recorded. Because the soil body of the river bed is different at each position, the magnitude value of the friction force F needs to be measured through a plurality of tests according to the actual situation, the critical point of the floating of the buoy is determined through F ═ Hg + F, and the scouring depth of the river bed is accurately detected.
Preferably, in step s4, if the sensor is a pressure sensor, when the buoy is located under water, the sensor is under the action of water pressure, and when the buoy floats out of the water, the water pressure disappears, and whether the buoy floats out of the water is detected by judging whether the water pressure exists or not; if the sensor is a stay wire type sensor, when the buoy floats upwards, the stay wire is pulled by the stay wire type sensor, and whether the buoy floats upwards is judged by judging whether the stay wire is pulled or not. When pressure sensor detects that water pressure disappears or the stay wire is pulled by the stay wire type sensor, the signal transmitting module receives sensor information and directly transmits broadcast signals, the judgment on whether the buoy floats up or out of the water surface is simple and effective, the requirement on the precision of the pressure sensor or the stay wire type sensor is not required, the dependency on an instrument is reduced, meanwhile, the stay wire type sensor adopts a mechanical structure, the situation that real-time monitoring cannot be carried out on a riverbed due to the fact that electric faults occur to electronic equipment is prevented, and the cost is low, and the stay wire type sensor is easy to bury in a large scale.
Preferably, in step s5, the broadcast content transmitted is only the number information of the floating buoy, and the staff searches the relation correspondence table between the buoy number and the riverbed position and depth according to the number of the floating buoy, and obtains the scouring position and depth of the riverbed according to the relation correspondence table. Each buoy is numbered, and the position of the river bed before the buoy floating out of the water surface is determined according to the number information received by broadcasting, so that the depth of the river bed at the position is determined, and the transmitted broadcasting only contains the number information of the buoy, thereby further reducing the energy lost by transmitting signals and reducing the cost.
Preferably, when the plurality of embedded buoys are embedded under the riverbed at the same position, after the first buoy floats out of the water surface, if the staff judges that the restoration is not needed, the riverbed is continuously flushed on the previous basis, when the flushing depth reaches the depth of the second buoy, the second buoy floats out of the water surface, and if the staff judges that the restoration measures are not needed, the flushing is continuously carried out until the last buoy floats out of the water surface. After receiving the broadcast information of the signal receiving platform, the staff determines which buoy floats out of the water surface, determines the depth of the riverbed flushed, judges whether the riverbed needs to be repaired according to the actual condition of the dam, and if the riverbed needs to be repaired, the staff can bury the buoy at the corresponding position of the riverbed again in the repairing process or bury a new buoy in the repairing process, memorizes the number of the buried buoy, and if the repairing is not needed, the buoy can be selectively salvaged and recovered.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: (1) the condition that the riverbed is flushed is comprehensively and effectively monitored by embedding a plurality of buoys under the riverbed at different positions; (2) embedding a plurality of buoys under the riverbed at the same position to efficiently monitor the scoured condition of the riverbed in real time; (3) the device is simple, can be arranged in a large range, and has low cost; (4) the device is small and exquisite and can be recycled, and energy is saved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an embedded buoy according to a first embodiment embedded in a river bed.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of an embedded buoy structure according to a first embodiment.
Fig. 3 is a flowchart of a method for monitoring flushing of dike-footers according to a second embodiment.
In the figure, 1, a dam, 2, a water surface, 3, a riverbed, 4, dike feet, 5, an embedded buoy, 6, a shell, 7, a buoyancy tank, 8, a counterweight, 9, a sensor and 10, a signal transmitting module are arranged.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further specifically described by the following embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
The first embodiment is as follows: the utility model provides a levee foot erodees monitoring devices, as shown in fig. 2, including buryying formula buoy 5 and signal reception platform, buryying formula buoy 5 includes casing 6, flotation tank 7, counter weight 8, sensor 9 and signal emission module 10, flotation tank 7 is located casing 6 upper portion, counter weight 8 is installed in casing 6 lower part, signal emission module 10 is installed on casing 6 upper portion, sensor 9 is installed at casing 6 top, sensor 9 is connected with signal emission module 10 input, signal emission module 10 output is connected with signal reception platform, sensor 9 includes pressure sensor or stay-supported line type sensor, pressure sensor installs on casing top outer wall, stay-supported line type sensor installs on casing top inner wall.
In the concrete application, as shown in fig. 1, a plurality of embedded buoys 5 are embedded under a river bed 3 at the same position in front of an embankment foot 4, the first buoy is 0.5 m away from the river bed surface, the second buoy is 0.5 m away from the first buoy, the subsequent buoys are also sequentially embedded at the distance of 0.5 m, the embedding depth and the embedding interval can be adjusted according to the actual situation, the first buoy is embedded 0.2 m away from the river bed, the subsequent buoys are embedded at the interval of 0.3 m, the buoys can be embedded together with the construction period of the dam when being embedded, or can be distributed by small-sized drilling equipment after the construction of the dam, after the buoys are embedded, the river bed 3 is continuously impacted along with the continuous impact of water flow, the soil body of the river bed 3 is continuously washed away, the embedded buoys 5 are gradually exposed, when the washing degree exceeds a certain embedding depth, the buoys lose the constraint of the soil body of the river bed and, when the buoy starts to float or reaches the water surface 2, the stay wire type sensor pulls the stay wire or the pressure sensor detects that the water pressure disappears, the information is transmitted to the signal transmitting module 10, the signal transmitting module 10 transmits the broadcast with the buoy number after receiving the information, and when the signal receiving platform receives the broadcast, the working personnel know which buoy floats out of the water surface from the broadcast and effectively monitor the scouring degree of the dike feet 4. A single buoy can be buried according to actual requirements, for example, if the position of a certain dike foot 4 is set to be repaired at a certain scouring degree, a buried buoy 5 is buried at the depth, and when the buoy floats out of the water, the riverbed 3 at the position is judged to be repaired. A plurality of embedded buoys 5 can be embedded under the riverbed 3 at different positions in front of the dike feet 4 to realize the comprehensive coverage of the riverbed, and the scouring degree of the riverbed is efficiently monitored in real time by combining a plurality of buoys at the same position of the riverbed 3.
In a second embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, a method for monitoring flushing of a dike foot includes the following steps: step s 1: numbering all buoys; step s 2: embedding the numbered embedded buoy 5 under the river bed outside the dike foot, recording the position and the depth of the embedded buoy in the river bed, and establishing a corresponding table of the relation between the buoy number and the position and the depth of the river bed; the method comprises the steps that a single or a plurality of embedded buoys are embedded 5 into a river bed 3, when the embedded buoys 5 are embedded into the river bed 3, the buoys are embedded in sequence at certain intervals, the first buoy is 0.5 m away from the river bed surface, the second buoy is 0.5 m away from the first buoy, the subsequent buoys are also embedded in sequence at a distance of 0.5 m, the embedded depth and the embedded intervals can be increased or reduced according to actual conditions, the embedded buoys are a plurality of buoys, when the first buoy floats out of the water surface, if workers judge that repair is not needed, the first buoy is recovered and salvaged, the river bed 3 is continuously flushed on the previous basis, when the flushing depth reaches the second buoy depth, the second buoy floats out of the water surface, if the workers still judge that repair measures are not needed, the flushing is continuously carried out until the last buoy floats out of the water surface. After receiving the broadcast information of the signal receiving platform, the staff determines which buoy floats out of the water surface, determines the flushed position and depth of the riverbed, judges whether the riverbed needs to be repaired according to the actual condition of the dam, and if the riverbed needs to be repaired, the buoy is embedded into the corresponding position of the riverbed again in the repairing process, or a new buoy is embedded in the repairing process, the embedded buoy number is remembered, and if the buoy does not need to be repaired, the buoy can be selectively salvaged and recovered according to the recovery cost.
Step s 3: when the riverbed scouring exceeds the buried depth of the embedded buoy to a certain degree, the buoy loses the constraint of riverbed soil and floats out of the water surface under the action of water buoyancy; calculating buoyancy F ═ mg, wherein m is the mass of water with the same volume as the embedded buoy 5, g is gravity acceleration, obtaining the mass H of the counterweight, when F is greater than Hg + F, the embedded buoy 5 starts floating, wherein F is the friction force of the embedded buoy and the riverbed soil body, and the buoyancy F ═ mg is obtained through multiple experiments according to the conditions of different riverbed soil bodies; when F < Hg + F, the embedded buoy 5 is fixed under the soil mass of the river bed 3, and when F ═ Hg + F, the depth of the embedded buoy 5 to be floated is determined, and the distance from the surface of the river bed is recorded.
Step s 4: when the buoy floats upwards or out of the water, the sensor 9 detects that the buoy floats upwards or out of the water and transmits information to the signal transmitting module 10; if the sensor 9 is a pressure sensor, when the buoy is positioned under water, the buoy is acted by water pressure, and when the buoy floats out of the water surface, the water pressure disappears, and whether the buoy floats out of the water surface is detected by judging whether the water pressure exists or not; if the sensor 9 is a stay wire type sensor, when the buoy starts to float, the stay wire type sensor pulls the stay wire, and the stay wire type sensor judges whether the buoy floats out of the water surface by detecting whether the stay wire is pulled or not.
Step s 5: after receiving the sensor information, the signal transmitting module 10 transmits a broadcast to the signal receiving platform, the transmitted broadcast content is only the number information of the floating buoy, and the staff obtains the scouring position and the scouring depth of the river bed according to the relation correspondence table by searching the relation correspondence table of the buoy number and the position and the depth of the river bed according to the number of the floating buoy, so as to perform real-time and efficient monitoring on the scouring condition of the dike feet.
The above-described embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and other variations and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention as set forth in the claims.
Claims (8)
1. An embankment scour monitoring apparatus, comprising:
the embedded buoy comprises a shell, a floating box, a balance weight, a sensor and a signal transmitting module, the floating box is located on the upper portion of the shell, the balance weight is installed on the lower portion of the shell, the signal transmitting module is installed on the upper portion of the shell, the sensor is installed on the top of the shell and is connected with the input end of the signal transmitting module, the sensor is used for detecting whether the buoy floats upwards or not, and the output end of the signal transmitting module is connected with the signal receiving platform.
2. A dike foot scour monitoring apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sensors comprise pressure sensors mounted on the outer wall of the housing top or pull-wire sensors mounted on the inner wall of the housing top.
3. A method of dyke scour monitoring adapted for use with a dyke scour monitoring apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 2, comprising the steps of:
step s 1: numbering all buoys;
step s 2: embedding the numbered embedded buoy under the river bed outside the dike foot, recording the position and the depth of the embedded buoy in the river bed, and establishing a corresponding table of the relation between the buoy number and the position and the depth of the river bed;
step s 3: when the riverbed scouring exceeds the buried depth of the embedded buoy to a certain degree, the buoy loses the constraint of riverbed soil and floats out of the water surface under the action of water buoyancy;
step s 4: when the buoy floats upwards or out of the water, the sensor detects that the buoy floats upwards or out of the water and transmits information to the signal transmitting module;
step s 5: and after receiving the sensor information, the signal transmitting module transmits and broadcasts the sensor information to the signal receiving platform, and the staff determines the position and the depth of the flushing of the dike foot according to the broadcast information received by the signal receiving platform.
4. A method for monitoring washing of a dike according to claim 3, wherein in the step s2, a single or a plurality of embedded buoys are embedded under the river bed, and when a plurality of embedded buoys are embedded under the same river bed, a plurality of embedded buoys are sequentially embedded at a certain interval in a vertical direction.
5. A method for monitoring scour of a dike foot according to claim 3, wherein in step s3, the buoyancy force F is calculated as mg, where m is the mass of the same volume of water as the embedded buoy, g is the gravitational acceleration, the mass H of the counterweight is obtained, when F > Hg + F, the embedded buoy starts to float, where F is the friction force between the embedded buoy and the riverbed soil mass, and is obtained through multiple experiments according to the situation of different riverbed soil masses; when F is less than Hg + F, the embedded buoy is fixed under the river bed soil body, and when F is equal to Hg + F, the embedding depth of the embedded buoy to be floated is determined, and the distance between the embedded buoy and the river bed surface is recorded.
6. A method for monitoring flushing of a dike foot according to claim 3, wherein in step s4, if the sensor is a pressure sensor, when the buoy is located under water and is exposed to water pressure, the water pressure disappears when the buoy is floating out of the water, and whether the buoy is floating out of the water is detected by determining whether the water pressure exists; if the sensor is a stay wire type sensor, when the buoy floats upwards, the stay wire is pulled by the stay wire type sensor, and whether the buoy floats upwards is judged by judging whether the stay wire is pulled.
7. A method for monitoring flushing of dike feet as claimed in claim 3, wherein in step s5, the broadcast content is only the number information of the floating buoy, and the staff member finds the flushing position and depth of the river bed according to the relation correspondence table by looking up the relation correspondence table of the buoy number and the position and depth of the river bed according to the number of the floating buoy.
8. A method for monitoring scour of dikes according to claim 5, wherein when the plurality of embedded buoys are embedded under the same river bed, after the first buoy has floated, if the staff determines that remediation is not required, the river bed is continuously scoured on a previous basis, when the scour depth reaches the second buoy depth, the second buoy floats, and if the staff still determines that remediation is not required, the scour is continued until the last buoy floats.
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| CN201910912528.9A CN110779480A (en) | 2019-09-25 | 2019-09-25 | Device and method for monitoring erosion of dike foot |
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| CN201910912528.9A CN110779480A (en) | 2019-09-25 | 2019-09-25 | Device and method for monitoring erosion of dike foot |
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| CN112082527B (en) * | 2020-09-15 | 2021-12-24 | 华北水利水电大学 | Real-time monitoring system and monitoring method for riverbed erosion depth |
| CN113551829A (en) * | 2021-07-20 | 2021-10-26 | 中国海洋大学 | Scouring monitoring device and scouring monitoring method for offshore wind turbine foundation structure |
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