CN110779375A - Aluminum alloy composite pipe for radiator manufacturing and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Aluminum alloy composite pipe for radiator manufacturing and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110779375A CN110779375A CN201911060021.1A CN201911060021A CN110779375A CN 110779375 A CN110779375 A CN 110779375A CN 201911060021 A CN201911060021 A CN 201911060021A CN 110779375 A CN110779375 A CN 110779375A
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- aluminum alloy
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
- F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
- F28F21/081—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys
- F28F21/084—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from aluminium or aluminium alloys
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
- B21C37/06—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
- B22D19/08—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product for building-up linings or coverings, e.g. of anti-frictional metal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an aluminum alloy composite tube for manufacturing a radiator and a preparation method thereof, wherein the aluminum alloy composite tube comprises an aluminum alloy tube positioned in a middle layer and aluminum-based fiber material layers respectively positioned on the inner surface and the outer surface of the aluminum alloy tube, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: preparation of step-shaped hollow ingot A
1(ii) a Preparing alloy melt required by the aluminum-based brazing filler metal layer;by casting ingots in hollow A
1The hollow part and the upper part of the ladder are both filled with alloy melt to prepare the composite ingot A
2(ii) a Casting a composite ingot A
2Cutting off the lower step part to process into hollow composite ingot A
3Hollow composite ingot A
3Putting the aluminum alloy composite pipe into a perforated rod to extrude into an initial aluminum alloy composite pipe; the aluminum alloy composite pipe is manufactured through cold rolling and stretching processes, the aluminum alloy composite pipe is sleeved with the elbow, induction welding, flame welding or furnace welding is used, brazing is directly carried out without adding brazing filler metal and brazing flux, the brazing process is simplified, the production cost is greatly reduced, the brazing filler metal layer is uniform, and the formed brazing seam is attractive and mellow.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of brazing materials, in particular to an aluminum alloy composite pipe for manufacturing a radiator and a preparation method thereof.
Background
A heat sink is a generic term for a series of devices used to conduct and release heat. At present, the radiators mainly comprise a heating radiator and a computer radiator, wherein the traditional heating radiator takes a cast iron radiator and a plate radiator as typical representatives, and the radiator made of the material has the disadvantages of serious environmental pollution, low thermal efficiency, slow heat transfer, crude appearance and heavy weight. With the development of science and technology, the improvement of living standard and the appeal of green environment, the requirements of consumers on the service performance and the appearance quality of a radiator are higher and higher, and particularly, the requirements are stipulated in the plain text in the public republic of China department of construction, namely, Notification about popularization and application of new technology and new products of residential construction No. 10: the use of cast iron radiators is limited and eliminated.
Aluminum and aluminum alloy tubes have a unique position in modern industrial materials due to low density, high thermal and electrical conductivity (listed only after Ag, Cu and Au). In the manufacture of satellites, rockets, missiles, microwave components, aircraft and ground radar wires, car water tanks, air conditioning radiators and the like, aluminum is used as far as possible to replace copper and even steel in order to reduce weight, reduce energy consumption, improve efficiency and enhance maneuverability. However, the aluminum and aluminum alloy pipes are easy to have the problems of oxidation, air holes, hot cracks, burning through, collapse and the like in the welding process. Such materials are generally recognized as materials to be welded with higher welding difficulty, and particularly, the welding of the small-diameter thin-walled tube is more difficult to master. The key to replace the traditional material is the welding of aluminum and aluminum alloy tubes, and the precision of the welding is the first push brazing. Meanwhile, brazing materials and brazing flux are required to be coated on the surface of the existing aluminum alloy pipe in brazing, the aluminum alloy pipe is not easy to uniformly fall off, brazing defects are formed, welding quality is affected, the welding process is complex, the process treatment period is long, the use cost is high, and the application of the aluminum alloy pipe in radiator production is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides the aluminum alloy composite pipe for manufacturing the radiator and the preparation method thereof, the brazing material and the brazing flux do not need to be coated during brazing, the brazing process is simplified, the brazing quality is good, and the efficiency is high.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the aluminum alloy composite pipe comprises an aluminum alloy pipe positioned on a middle layer and aluminum-based brazing filler metal layers respectively positioned on the inner surface and the outer surface of the aluminum alloy pipe, wherein the aluminum-based brazing filler metal layers are metallurgically bonded with the aluminum alloy pipe.
Further, the aluminum-based brazing filler metal layer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 84.8-92.0% of Al, 7.5-13.0% of Si, 0.25-1.0% of Cu, 0.1-0.2% of Zn, and less than 1.0% of other elements.
Further, the preparation method of the aluminum alloy composite pipe for manufacturing the radiator comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing a hollow ingot A
1：
The hollow ingot A
1Is made of a base material for preparing an aluminum alloy pipe, and the hollow cast ingot A
1Is of a step type, and the hollow ingot A
1Divided into an upper part and a lower part, the hollow ingot A
1The upper part is H
1×ФD
1The lower part is H
2×ФD
2Inner diameter of d
3Said H is
1≥H
2，D
1＜D
2；
Step two, preparing alloy melt required by the aluminum-based brazing filler metal layer;
step three, preparing a composite ingot A
2：
Placing a hollow ingot A
1The die is placed on a die base support, and the alloy melt prepared in the step two is poured into the die, so that the hollow ingot A is cast
1The hollow part and the upper part of the ladder are filled with alloy melt, and the composite ingot A is obtained after cooling
2；
Step four, processing the hollow composite ingot A
3：
Casting a composite ingot A
2After annealing at 400 ℃, the lower step part is cut off and processed into a hollow composite ingot A
3The hollow composite ingot A
3Has a size of H
3×Ф D
3With an internal diameter d
0D is said
0＜d
3；
Step five, preparing an initial aluminum alloy composite pipe:
casting hollow composite ingot A
3Annealing at 400 ℃, and then putting the aluminum alloy composite pipe into a perforation rod of an extrusion die, or extruding the aluminum alloy composite pipe into an initial aluminum alloy composite pipe with the outer diameter d and the wall thickness delta by using a combined die;
step six, processing and forming:
and (3) cold rolling and stretching the prepared initial aluminum alloy composite pipe to prepare the aluminum alloy composite pipe with various required sizes and shapes, so as to obtain the machine-formed aluminum alloy composite pipe.
Further, the hollow ingot A is prepared in the step one
1The specific operation method comprises the following steps:
s1, melting the base material for preparing the aluminum alloy pipe, casting the base material into a mold, cooling and taking out to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot A
0The size of the die is H multiplied by phi D, wherein D = D
2Said aluminum alloy ingot A
0The size of the mould is consistent with that of the inner cavity of the mould;
s2, casting an aluminum alloy ingot A
0Annealing at 550-650 ℃ for 5-8 h, and finally processing into a step-shaped hollow ingot A
1。
Further, the preparation method of the alloy melt in the second step comprises the following steps: melting Si and Cu to B
1Intermediate alloy of Zn and Al by smelting
2Master alloy, then B
1、B
2The intermediate alloy is simultaneously put into a crucible and placed in a closed device to be melted into alloy melt with uniform components.
Furthermore, in the fifth step, the outer diameter d is 3 mm-210 mm, and the wall thickness delta is 2 mm-20 mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) compared with the traditional pipes (cast iron pipes and steel pipes) for radiators, the aluminum alloy composite pipe can greatly reduce the weight of the pipes, remarkably reduce the pollution caused by the use of the traditional pipes, and has the density of 2.5-2.887 g/cm
3) Far lower than cast iron (6.6-7.7 g/cm)
3) And steel (7.8-8.5 g/cm)
3) The weight of the pipe with the same volume is about 1/3 of the weight of the traditional cast iron and steel pipe, so that the weight of the radiator is obviously reduced, and the radiator is light and easy to carry;
(2) the surface of the aluminum alloy has a layer of very compact oxide film, which can fully resist the erosion of the atmosphere and generate a new film at any time when the old film is damaged, thus completely avoiding the environmental pollution caused by the traditional cast iron. Meanwhile, the surface of the traditional cast iron heating radiator is generally sprayed with metallic silver paint, so that certain pollution is caused, the color of the composite layer 4 xxx (Al-Si series) brazing filler metal on the surface of the aluminum alloy pipe is consistent with that of the base metal, and the brazing filler metal is silvery white, and can be in a naked color without special requirements, or can be plated into other colors through an electrophoresis or oxidation process, so that the secondary pollution caused by spraying can be reduced;
(3) compared with the common aluminum alloy pipe used for the radiator, the aluminum alloy composite pipe can obviously improve the corrosion resistance and the plating property of the pipe, thereby improving the bonding strength of a plating layer and prolonging the service life of the pipe; in addition, the 4 xxx (Al-Si series) brazing filler metal can be subjected to modification treatment, so that the toughness and the bending property of a composite layer and a brazing seam can be greatly improved, and the formability of the pipe is improved;
(4) when the aluminum alloy composite pipe is prepared, the hollow composite ingot A is cast
3The extrusion is directly carried out, and when the aluminum alloy composite pipe is subjected to sleeve welding, because the aluminum alloy composite pipe is provided with a brazing filler metal composite layer, brazing filler metal and brazing flux do not need to be added, and the aluminum alloy composite pipe is directly subjected to furnace welding, induction welding or flame welding after being sleeved with an elbow, so that the welding process is simplified, the production efficiency is improved, the production cost is greatly reduced, the brazing filler metal layer is uniform, and the formed brazing seam is attractive and smooth;
(5) the composite layer formed by the composite casting process is metallurgically combined, has few defects and high strength, and the aluminum alloy composite pipe has good formability and can be formed into aluminum alloy composite pipes with various specifications and shapes through the working procedures of extrusion, cold rolling, stretching and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a hollow ingot A of the present invention
1Schematic structural diagram of (a);
FIG. 2 shows a composite ingot A of the present invention
2Schematic structural diagram of (a);
FIG. 3 is a hollow composite ingot A of the present invention
3Schematic structural diagram of (a);
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the extrusion die of the present invention;
reference numerals: 1. punching rod, 2, extrusion rod, 3, extrusion cylinder, 4, gasket, 5 and hollow composite ingot A
36, extrusion die, 7, initial aluminum alloy composite pipe, 8 and hollow ingot A
19, composite ingot A
210, hollow composite ingot casting A
311, aluminum-based solder layer.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention is clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The utility model provides a compound pipe of aluminum alloy for radiator manufacturing, compound pipe of aluminum alloy totally 3 layers, including being located medial aluminum alloy pipe and being located the aluminium base brazing filler metal layer of aluminum alloy intraductal, the surface, aluminium base brazing filler metal layer passes through metallurgical bonding with aluminum alloy pipe, and the compound pipe intermediate level of aluminum alloy can be Al-Mn alloy, and its composition is according to the mass percent: 0.60% of Si, 0.70% of Fe, 0.005% -0.2% of Cu, 1.0% -1.5% of Mn and the balance of Al; the aluminum-based brazing filler metal layer arranged inside and outside the aluminum alloy pipe can be BAl88Si, and the aluminum-based brazing filler metal layer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 11.5% Si, 0.3% Cu, 0.2% Zn, balance Al, and a method of making an aluminum alloy composite tube (parameters as in table 1 below) for an LHJ140/300 heat sink comprising the steps of:
the first step is as follows: preparation of hollow ingot A
1：
Melting aluminum alloy raw materials, namely matrix materials for preparing the aluminum alloy pipe, casting the molten aluminum alloy raw materials into a mold, and cooling to obtain a 245mm x phi 90mm aluminum alloy ingot A
0Casting the obtained aluminum alloy ingot A
0Placing the ingot in a box type resistance furnace at 550-650 ℃ for homogenizing annealing for 5-8 hours, and then roughly processing the ingot into a stepped hollow ingot A with the upper part of 240mm multiplied by phi 80mm, the lower part of 5mm multiplied by phi 90mm and the inner diameter of 30mm
1；
The second step is that: preparing alloy melt required by the aluminum-based brazing filler metal layer:
b made of Si and Cu respectively
1B made of master alloy, Zn and Al
2Placing the intermediate alloy into a crucible, and adding B
1、B
2Simultaneously putting the intermediate alloy into a crucible, putting the crucible into a closed device, and then carrying out induction heating on the crucible to 580-620 ℃ to ensure that B
1、B
2The intermediate alloy is completely melted into alloy melt;
the third step: preparation of composite ingot A
2：
Placing the mould on the mould base support, and casting the step-shaped hollow ingot A
1Placing the alloy into a mould, and pouring the molten alloy into the mould, namely, casting the hollow ingot A
1The hollow part and the upper part of the ladder are filled with alloy melt, and the composite ingot A is taken out after cooling
2；
The fourth step: processing hollow compoundAlloy ingot A
3：
Casting a composite ingot A
2After annealing at 400 ℃, the lower step part (5 mm) of the ingot is cut off and processed into a hollow composite ingot A
3As shown in the attached drawing, the hollow composite ingot A
3The outer diameter is 90mm, and the inner diameter is 20 mm;
the fifth step: preparing an initial aluminum alloy composite pipe:
casting hollow composite ingot A
3Annealing at 400 ℃ again, and then carrying out hollow composite ingot casting A
3Putting the aluminum alloy composite pipe into a perforated rod of an extrusion die, or extruding the aluminum alloy composite pipe into an initial aluminum alloy composite pipe with the outer diameter of 64mm and the wall thickness of 12mm by using a combined die;
wherein the extrusion die comprises a perforated rod 1, an extrusion rod 2, an extrusion container 3, a gasket 4 and an extrusion die 6, and the hollow composite ingot A
310, a punching rod 1 in an extrusion cylinder 3 is sleeved with the punching rod 1, one end of the punching rod 1, far away from an extrusion die 6, is sleeved with an extrusion rod 2, a gasket 4 is fixed between the extrusion cylinder 3 and the extrusion rod 2, and the extrusion die 6 is positioned at one end of an outlet of an initial aluminum alloy composite pipe 7;
the working process is as follows: casting hollow composite ingot A
3Putting the perforated rod 1 into the extrusion container 3, completely pushing the perforated rod into the extrusion container 3, fixing the perforated rod between the extrusion container 3 and the extrusion rod 2 by using a gasket 4, and then applying extrusion force to ensure that the extrusion rod 2 pushes the hollow composite ingot A
3The deformation flow passes through an extrusion die 6, and an initial aluminum alloy composite pipe 7 is obtained by extrusion;
and a sixth step: finally, the initial aluminum alloy composite pipe prepared in the fifth step is subjected to processes of cold rolling, stretching and the like to prepare composite pipes with various required sizes and shapes, wherein the outer diameter can be 32mm, and the wall thickness can be 4.0 mm;
the seventh step: when in use, the processed aluminum alloy composite pipe and the elbow are sleeved and directly welded in a furnace, a flame or an induction welding way, in the embodiment, the processed aluminum alloy composite pipe (the size of the aluminum alloy composite pipe is 300mm multiplied by phi 32 mm) and 180 mm are welded
oThe aluminum alloy elbow (the long radius is 95mm multiplied by the short radius is 64mm multiplied by the phi 38 mm) is sleeved and directly welded in a furnace, a flame or an induction way without adding brazing filler metal.
TABLE 1 composite tube parameters for LHJ140/300 aluminum alloy radiator
The aluminum alloy pipe used for the middle layer in the aluminum alloy composite pipe for manufacturing the radiator can also be 2 xxx, 5 xxx, 7 xxx and other series aluminum alloys, and the aluminum alloy with proper relative performance can be selected according to the working environment and the required appearance and size. The aluminum-based solder layer can be replaced by the same series of 4 xxx solders based on Al-Si eutectic compositions according to the use condition and the required solder characteristics.
While there have been shown and described what are at present considered the fundamental principles of the invention, its essential features and advantages, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited by the embodiments described above, which are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention, but various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a compound pipe of aluminum alloy for radiator manufacturing which characterized in that: the aluminum alloy composite pipe comprises an aluminum alloy pipe positioned on the middle layer and aluminum-based brazing filler metal layers respectively positioned on the inner surface and the outer surface of the aluminum alloy pipe, wherein the aluminum-based brazing filler metal layers are metallurgically bonded with the aluminum alloy pipe.
2. The aluminum alloy composite pipe for radiator production as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the aluminum-based brazing filler metal layer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 84.8-92.0% of Al, 7.5-13.0% of Si, 0.25-1.0% of Cu, 0.1-0.2% of Zn, and less than 1.0% of other elements.
3. The method for preparing the aluminum alloy composite pipe for radiator manufacturing according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing a hollow ingot A
1：
The hollow ingot A
1Is made of a base material for preparing an aluminum alloy pipe, and the hollow cast ingot A
1Is of a step type, and the hollow ingot A
1Divided into an upper part and a lower part, the hollow ingot A
1The upper part is H
1×ФD
1The lower part is H
2×ФD
2Inner diameter of d
3Said H is
1≥H
2，D
1＜D
2；
Step two, preparing alloy melt required by the aluminum-based brazing filler metal layer;
step three, preparing a composite ingot A
2：
Placing a hollow ingot A
1The die is placed on a die base support, and the alloy melt prepared in the step two is poured into the die, so that the hollow ingot A is cast
1The hollow part and the upper part of the ladder are filled with alloy melt, and the composite ingot A is obtained after cooling
2；
Step four, processing the hollow composite ingot A
3：
Casting a composite ingot A
2After annealing at 400 ℃, the lower step part is cut off and processed into a hollow composite ingot A
3The hollow composite ingot A
3Has a size of H
3×Ф D
3With an internal diameter d
0D is said
0＜d
3；
Step five, preparing an initial aluminum alloy composite pipe:
casting hollow composite ingot A
3Annealing at 400 ℃, and then putting the aluminum alloy composite pipe into a perforation rod of an extrusion die, or extruding the aluminum alloy composite pipe into an initial aluminum alloy composite pipe with the outer diameter d and the wall thickness delta by using a combined die;
step six, processing and forming:
and (3) cold rolling and stretching the prepared initial aluminum alloy composite pipe to prepare the aluminum alloy composite pipe with various required sizes and shapes, so as to obtain the machine-formed aluminum alloy composite pipe.
4. The method for preparing the aluminum alloy composite pipe for radiator manufacturing according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: preparation in the first stepHollow ingot A
1The specific operation method comprises the following steps:
s1, melting the base material for preparing the aluminum alloy pipe, casting the base material into a mold, cooling and taking out to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot A
0The size of the die is H multiplied by phi D, wherein D = D
2Said aluminum alloy ingot A
0The size of the mould is consistent with that of the inner cavity of the mould;
s2, casting an aluminum alloy ingot A
0Annealing at 550-650 ℃ for 5-8 h, and finally processing into a step-shaped hollow ingot A
1。
5. The method for preparing the aluminum alloy composite pipe for radiator manufacturing according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the preparation method of the alloy melt in the second step comprises the following steps: melting Si and Cu to B
1Intermediate alloy of Zn and Al by smelting
2Master alloy, then B
1、B
2The intermediate alloy is simultaneously put into a crucible and placed in a closed device to be melted into alloy melt with uniform components.
6. The method for preparing the aluminum alloy composite pipe for radiator manufacturing according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the fifth step, the outer diameter d is 3 mm-210 mm, and the wall thickness delta is 2 mm-20 mm.
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| CN106216973A (en) * | 2015-06-02 | 2016-12-14 | 株式会社京滨冷暖科技 | Heat exchanger and manufacture method thereof |
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