CN110779261A - Circulating carbon dioxide spray quick-freezing system and freezing method thereof - Google Patents
Circulating carbon dioxide spray quick-freezing system and freezing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110779261A CN110779261A CN201911029464.4A CN201911029464A CN110779261A CN 110779261 A CN110779261 A CN 110779261A CN 201911029464 A CN201911029464 A CN 201911029464A CN 110779261 A CN110779261 A CN 110779261A
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 581
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 288
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 288
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 150
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 114
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 149
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 85
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 47
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D13/00—Stationary devices, e.g. cold-rooms
- F25D13/06—Stationary devices, e.g. cold-rooms with conveyors carrying articles to be cooled through the cooling space
- F25D13/067—Stationary devices, e.g. cold-rooms with conveyors carrying articles to be cooled through the cooling space with circulation of gaseous cooling fluid
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D17/00—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces
- F25D17/02—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces for circulating liquids, e.g. brine
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D17/00—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces
- F25D17/04—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces for circulating air, e.g. by convection
- F25D17/06—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces for circulating air, e.g. by convection by forced circulation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D19/00—Arrangement or mounting of refrigeration units with respect to devices or objects to be refrigerated, e.g. infrared detectors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D23/00—General constructional features
- F25D23/06—Walls
- F25D23/065—Details
- F25D23/066—Liners
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D25/00—Charging, supporting, and discharging the articles to be cooled
- F25D25/04—Charging, supporting, and discharging the articles to be cooled by conveyors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D2201/00—Insulation
- F25D2201/10—Insulation with respect to heat
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a circulating type carbon dioxide spray quick-freezing system and a freezing method thereof. The invention adopts a carbon dioxide air supplement tank, a carbon dioxide cooling circulation system, an infusion pump, a single-fluid combined nozzle, a freezing chamber, a conveyor belt, a pressure regulating valve, a waste gas recovery device and a compressor; the refrigerant is recycled in the spray quick-freezing process, the loss of the refrigerant is greatly reduced, and the cost of spray quick-freezing is saved; the freezing process is carried out in a low-oxygen environment, so that food is prevented from being oxidized, and the fresh-keeping quality in the quick-freezing process is improved; the single-fluid combined nozzle strengthens the spray quick-freezing effect; the spray liquid mainly comprises low-pressure condensate, and the high-pressure condensate mainly plays an auxiliary role in precooling, supercharging, mixing and the like, so that the safety of the system is enhanced; the refrigerants in different states in the circulation are reasonably selected according to different purposes, so that the cascade utilization of energy is realized, the refrigerating capacity of carbon dioxide in the circulation is fully exerted, and the running energy consumption required by the circulation is saved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a cold chain preservation technology for frozen objects, in particular to a circulating type carbon dioxide spray quick-freezing system and a freezing method thereof.
Background
The liquid carbon dioxide spray quick-freezing technology is a direct contact type freezing technology, fully utilizes the characteristics of high vaporization latent heat, stable chemical property and small freezing dry loss of the liquid carbon dioxide, avoids freezing damage caused by excessive contact through fluidized spray, can quickly cool and freeze a frozen object in a short time, is a high-quality freezing technology, and is widely applied to storage and fresh keeping of fresh and perishable frozen objects. However, the spray quick-freezing devices used at present are all open systems, and the refrigerant is extracted by the exhaust fan after phase change and directly discharged into the environment, so that great resource waste is caused, and the operation cost of the spray quick-freezing system is greatly increased; in addition, hot air flow can be introduced into a multi-fluid nozzle commonly used at present in the spraying process to influence the actual heat exchange efficiency of spraying liquid, in a single-fluid nozzle commonly used, a hollow conical nozzle can obtain small-sized liquid drops, but the spraying liquid is concentrated on a conical surface, the coverage range and uniformity are deficient, a solid conical nozzle can realize uniform coverage, the obtained liquid drops have larger size and influence the vaporization heat exchange effect of the liquid drops, and the actual freezing capacity of the spraying quick-freezing technology at present is limited due to the limitation of the form of the nozzle.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to realize the recovery and the reutilization of a refrigerant of a spraying system and improve the configuration of a nozzle to enhance the spraying heat exchange effect, the invention provides a circulating type carbon dioxide spraying quick-freezing system and a freezing method thereof.
The invention aims to provide a circulating type carbon dioxide spraying quick-freezing system.
The circulating carbon dioxide sprays the quick-freezing system of the invention includes: the system comprises a carbon dioxide air supplementing tank, a carbon dioxide cooling circulation system, an infusion pump, a single-fluid combined nozzle, a freezing chamber, a conveying belt, a pressure regulating valve, an exhaust gas recovery device and a first compressor; the carbon dioxide gas supplementing tank is connected to the carbon dioxide cooling circulation system through a pipeline, and an electronic expansion valve and a pressure sensor are arranged on the pipeline connecting the carbon dioxide gas supplementing tank to the carbon dioxide cooling circulation system; the carbon dioxide cooling circulation system is connected to the infusion pump through a pipeline; the infusion pump is connected to a plurality of uniformly distributed single-fluid combined nozzles through pipelines; the side wall of the freezing chamber is provided with a pressure regulating valve; a conveyor belt is arranged in the freezing chamber, and the frozen objects are uniformly placed on the conveyor belt; a plurality of uniformly distributed single fluid combination nozzles are positioned in the freezing chamber opposite to the conveyor belt; the exhaust gas recovery device is positioned on the other side, opposite to the single-fluid combined nozzle, in the freezing chamber and connected to a first compressor outside the freezing chamber through a pipeline; the first compressor is connected to the carbon dioxide cooling circulation system through a pipeline; before the freezing object is cooled, the pressure regulating valve is opened, the carbon dioxide is conveyed to the carbon dioxide cooling circulation system by the carbon dioxide air supplementing tank, the carbon dioxide liquid is conveyed to the auxiliary nozzle of the single-fluid combined nozzle by the liquid conveying pump, the auxiliary nozzle sprays carbon dioxide liquid drops, air in the freezing cavity is discharged, and the pressure in the freezing cavity reaches the pressure required during freezing; during freezing, the electronic expansion valve controls the gas supplementing amount through a feedback signal of the pressure sensor, and the carbon dioxide gas supplementing tank delivers carbon dioxide to the carbon dioxide cooling circulation system; the carbon dioxide cooling circulation system forms a closed refrigeration loop of a carbon dioxide working medium; carbon dioxide liquid in the carbon dioxide cooling circulation system is transmitted to the single-fluid combined nozzle through the infusion pump; the frozen objects in the freezing chamber sequentially pass through the single-fluid combined nozzle through the conveying belt; the single-fluid combined nozzle sprays carbon dioxide liquid to the frozen object to refrigerate the frozen object; the exhaust gas recovery device sucks the carbon dioxide gas which is expanded and vaporized after refrigeration, and the carbon dioxide gas is compressed and cooled again through the first compressor and conveyed back to the carbon dioxide cooling circulation system, so that circulating spraying is realized.
A single fluid combination nozzle comprising: a primary nozzle and a secondary nozzle; wherein, the main nozzle adopts a hollow cone type nozzle; the auxiliary nozzle is a solid cone nozzle; the spraying direction of the main nozzle is opposite to the freezing object conveyor belt; the injection direction of the auxiliary nozzle and the main nozzle form an included angle; the included angle ranges from 30 degrees to 45 degrees; the main nozzle produces a large amount of jet flow containing small-size liquid drops through spraying to achieve a freezing effect, and the auxiliary nozzle produces a small amount of jet flow containing medium-size liquid drops through spraying. The main nozzle and the sub-nozzle are provided with a main nozzle regulating valve and a sub-nozzle regulating valve, respectively.
The carbon dioxide cooling cycle system includes: the system comprises a carbon dioxide gas-liquid separator, a second compressor, a heat exchanger, a waste heat recycling system, a carbon dioxide liquid storage device and a throttle valve; the carbon dioxide gas-liquid separator is connected to the second compressor through a pipeline; the second compressor is connected to the heat exchanger through a pipeline; the heat exchanger is connected with a waste heat recycling system; the heat exchanger is connected to a carbon dioxide reservoir through a pipeline; the carbon dioxide reservoir is connected to the throttling valve through a pipeline; the throttle valve is connected to the carbon dioxide gas-liquid separator through a pipeline; the carbon dioxide gas-liquid separator is connected to a first infusion pump through a pipeline, the first infusion pump is connected to the main nozzle through a pipeline, and a main nozzle regulating valve is arranged; the pipeline connected with the main nozzle is connected back to the carbon dioxide gas-liquid separator, and a pressure sensor is arranged on the pipeline; the carbon dioxide liquid storage device is connected to a second infusion pump through a pipeline, the second infusion pump is connected to the auxiliary nozzle through a pipeline, and the auxiliary nozzle adjusting valve is arranged; carbon dioxide is conveyed to a carbon dioxide gas-liquid separator by a carbon dioxide gas supplementing tank, and carbon dioxide liquid and carbon dioxide gas are separated in a gravity settling mode; the carbon dioxide gas is conveyed to a second compressor from a pipeline positioned at the top of the carbon dioxide gas-liquid separator, the saturated carbon dioxide gas is compressed to be in a superheated state, and the superheated carbon dioxide gas is conveyed to a heat exchanger; the heat exchanger absorbs heat in the carbon dioxide gas, converts the heat into carbon dioxide liquid and transmits the heat to the waste heat recycling system; the carbon dioxide liquid is transmitted to a carbon dioxide liquid storage device; the temperature of the carbon dioxide liquid in the carbon dioxide liquid storage device is higher than that of the carbon dioxide liquid in the carbon dioxide gas-liquid separator; the carbon dioxide liquid storage device is conveyed to the auxiliary nozzle through a second infusion pump for spraying; the carbon dioxide liquid in the carbon dioxide liquid storage device is subjected to pressure reduction and throttling through a throttling valve, and is transmitted to a carbon dioxide gas-liquid separator after being cooled and depressurized so as to enhance the refrigerating capacity of the spray liquid; and conveying the carbon dioxide liquid in the carbon dioxide gas-liquid separator as a spray liquid to a main nozzle for spraying through a first conveying pump. The incoming flow of the main nozzle is low-temperature carbon dioxide condensate in the carbon dioxide gas-liquid separator, and the freezing effect is realized by spraying to generate a large amount of jet flow containing small-size liquid drops; the incoming flow of the auxiliary nozzle is high-pressure carbon dioxide condensate in a carbon dioxide liquid storage device, a small amount of jet flow containing medium-sized liquid drops is generated through spraying, on one hand, the jet flow is used for discharging residual air in a freezing chamber of a freezing chamber before freezing to prevent food from being oxidized in the freezing process, on the other hand, the jet flow is mixed with the jet flow of the main nozzle in a pulsating jet flow mode to enhance the overall coverage uniformity of the jet flow of the nozzle, and therefore the spraying and freezing effect is enhanced.
The conveying belt is a U-shaped conveying belt and is positioned between the exhaust gas recovery device and the single-fluid combined nozzle; the conveyer belt includes two parallel along horizontal main belt of each other to and connect the perpendicular conveyer belt of the two, main belt is connected as a whole with perpendicular conveyer belt, and main belt is 3 with perpendicular conveyer belt length ratio: 1-5: 1; a plurality of air distribution partition plates are uniformly arranged on the conveying belt, and the direction of the air distribution partition plates is vertical to the conveying direction of the main conveying belt; evenly set up a plurality of draught fans between two main conveyer belts, set up the induced air baffle between adjacent draught fan, the induced air baffle is on a parallel with the cloth wind baffle. The induced air partition plate is matched with the air distribution partition plate and the induced draft fan on the conveyor belt, incoming flows of the single-fluid combined nozzle are integrated to form a carbon dioxide flow field which is uniform in the transverse direction and longitudinal along the temperature gradient, meanwhile, the conveyor belt is U-shaped, a freezing mode that a frozen object is pre-cooled and then frozen is formed by utilizing the smooth property, and the refrigerating capacity of the carbon dioxide in the freezing chamber is fully utilized.
The air inducing partition board and the air distributing partition board are made of one of plastics, wood boards and glass fibers, such as ABS (terpolymer of acrylonitrile, butadiene and styrene) boards or PS (polystyrene) boards.
The outer part of the wall body of the freezing chamber adopts protective materials, and the inner part of the wall body of the freezing chamber adopts heat-insulating materials, so that the heat insulation of the wall body of the chamber is ensured, and the wall body of the chamber has better sealing performance.
The air-vent valve is located freezing cavity and is close to single fluid combination formula nozzle one side, and the outer end sets to the inflating valve structure, can discharge freezing cavity interior gas in an appropriate amount and isolated external gas gets into, prevents simultaneously that liquid carbon dioxide liquid from causing freezing cavity internal pressure to fluctuate by a wide margin because the volume expands rapidly when erupting, guarantees that freezing cavity internal pressure is whole stable.
The exhaust gas recovery device comprises an exhaust fan, an air collecting port and an exhaust fan rear adjusting valve; wherein, the exhaust fan and the air collecting opening are positioned in the freezing chamber, and the air suction opening of the exhaust fan and the single-fluid combined nozzle are positioned on the other side of the freezing chamber relatively; the exhaust outlet of the exhaust fan is opposite to the air collecting port; the air collecting port is connected to the first compressor through a pipeline; an exhaust fan rear regulating valve is arranged on the pipeline connected with the air collecting opening; the exhaust fan sucks the expanded and vaporized carbon dioxide gas, and the carbon dioxide gas is collected and conveyed to the first compressor through the air collecting port, so that carbon dioxide exhaust gas is recycled to be cooled again while longitudinal temperature gradient is smooth, and the purpose of circulating spraying is achieved.
The invention also aims to provide a freezing method of the circulating type carbon dioxide spraying quick-freezing system.
The freezing method of the circulating carbon dioxide spraying quick-freezing system comprises the following steps:
1) uniformly discharging the frozen objects at the inlet of the conveyor belt, closing the outlet and the inlet of the conveyor belt, and simultaneously closing the main nozzle regulating valve and the auxiliary nozzle regulating valve;
2) before the freezing object is cooled, opening the pressure regulating valve, simultaneously conveying carbon dioxide to a carbon dioxide cooling circulation system by a carbon dioxide gas supplementing tank, conveying carbon dioxide liquid in a carbon dioxide liquid reservoir to an auxiliary nozzle by controlling a second liquid conveying pump, spraying carbon dioxide liquid drops by the auxiliary nozzle, discharging air in the freezing cavity, enabling the pressure and the temperature in the freezing cavity to be required during freezing, and closing the pressure regulating valve;
3) during freezing, the electronic expansion valve controls the gas supplementing amount through a feedback signal of the pressure sensor, and the carbon dioxide gas supplementing tank delivers carbon dioxide to the carbon dioxide cooling circulation system; the carbon dioxide cooling circulation system forms a closed refrigeration loop for the carbon dioxide working medium; carbon dioxide liquid of a carbon dioxide gas-liquid separator in the carbon dioxide cooling circulation system is transmitted to a main nozzle through a first infusion pump, and a large amount of jet flow containing small-size liquid drops is generated through spraying to achieve a freezing effect; meanwhile, carbon dioxide liquid in the carbon dioxide liquid storage device is transmitted to the auxiliary nozzle through the second infusion pump, is sprayed in a periodic pulsating jet flow mode and is mixed with incoming flow of the main nozzle, so that the spraying liquid is uniformly covered;
4) starting a conveyor belt and a draught fan, and starting spray quick freezing in the freezing chamber; the induced air partition plate is matched with an air distribution partition plate and an induced draft fan on the conveyor belt, incoming flows of the single-fluid combined nozzle are integrated to form a carbon dioxide flow field which is uniform in transverse direction and longitudinal along a temperature gradient, meanwhile, the conveyor belt is U-shaped, a freezing mode of pre-cooling and re-freezing a frozen object is formed by utilizing the smooth property, and the refrigerating capacity of carbon dioxide in the freezing chamber is fully utilized;
5) the exhaust gas recovery device sucks the expanded and vaporized carbon dioxide gas after refrigeration, compresses and cools the carbon dioxide gas again through the first compressor, and conveys the carbon dioxide gas back to the carbon dioxide cooling circulation system, so that circulating spraying is realized;
6) after the spray freezing is finished, stopping the circulating carbon dioxide spray quick-freezing system, closing the main nozzle regulating valve and the auxiliary nozzle regulating valve, stopping the exhaust gas recovery device, the induced draft fan and the conveyor belt, opening the pressure regulating valve, and discharging residual carbon dioxide in the freezing chamber;
7) and opening the outlet of the conveying belt after the pressure in the freezing chamber reaches the normal pressure, and taking out the frozen object.
Wherein, in step 3), the carbon dioxide cooling circulation system forms a closed refrigeration loop for the carbon dioxide working medium, and the method comprises the following steps:
a) carbon dioxide is conveyed to a carbon dioxide gas-liquid separator by a carbon dioxide gas supplementing tank, and carbon dioxide liquid and carbon dioxide gas are separated in a gravity settling mode;
b) the carbon dioxide gas is conveyed to a second compressor from a pipeline positioned at the top of the carbon dioxide gas-liquid separator, the saturated carbon dioxide gas is compressed to be in a superheated state, and the superheated carbon dioxide gas is conveyed to a heat exchanger;
c) the heat exchanger absorbs heat in the carbon dioxide gas, converts the heat into carbon dioxide liquid and transmits the heat to the waste heat recycling system; the carbon dioxide liquid is transmitted to a carbon dioxide liquid storage device;
d) the carbon dioxide liquid in the carbon dioxide liquid storage device is subjected to pressure reduction and throttling through the throttling valve, and is transmitted to the carbon dioxide gas-liquid separator after being cooled and depressurized so as to enhance the refrigerating capacity of the spraying liquid.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) the refrigerant is recycled in the spray quick-freezing process, the loss of the refrigerant is greatly reduced, and the cost of spray quick-freezing is saved;
(2) the freezing process is carried out in a low-oxygen environment, so that food is prevented from being oxidized, and the fresh-keeping quality in the quick-freezing process is improved;
(3) the single-fluid combined nozzle is provided, the problem that the size of liquid drops and the spraying uniformity cannot be considered by the traditional single-fluid nozzle is solved, and the spraying and quick-freezing effects are enhanced;
(4) the spray liquid mainly comprises low-pressure condensate, and the high-pressure condensate mainly plays an auxiliary role in precooling, supercharging, mixing and the like, so that the safety of the system is enhanced;
(5) the refrigerants in different states in the circulation are reasonably selected according to different purposes, so that the cascade utilization of energy is realized, the refrigerating capacity of carbon dioxide in the circulation is fully exerted, and the running energy consumption required by the circulation is saved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of one embodiment of a circulating carbon dioxide spray flash freezing system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a single fluid combined nozzle of the circulating carbon dioxide spray quick-freezing system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further elucidated by means of specific embodiments in the following with reference to the drawing.
As shown in fig. 1, the circulating carbon dioxide spray quick-freezing system of the present embodiment includes: a carbon dioxide gas supplementing tank 1, a carbon dioxide cooling circulation system, first and second liquid delivery pumps 31 and 32, a single-fluid combination nozzle 13, a freezing chamber 18, a conveyor belt 14, a pressure regulating valve 19, a waste gas recovery device 17 and a first compressor 41; wherein the single fluid combined nozzle 13 comprises a main nozzle and an auxiliary nozzle; the carbon dioxide cooling cycle system includes: the system comprises a carbon dioxide gas-liquid separator 5, a second compressor 42, a heat exchanger 6, a waste heat recycling system 8, a carbon dioxide liquid storage device 7 and a throttle valve 9; the carbon dioxide gas supplementing tank 1 is connected to a carbon dioxide gas-liquid separator of a carbon dioxide cooling circulating system through a pipeline, and an electronic expansion valve 2 and a pressure sensor P are arranged on the pipeline connecting the carbon dioxide gas supplementing tank to the carbon dioxide cooling circulating system; the carbon dioxide gas-liquid separator 5 is connected to the second compressor 42 through a pipe; the second compressor 42 is connected to the heat exchanger 6 by a pipe; the heat exchanger 6 is connected with a waste heat recycling system 8; the heat exchanger 6 is connected to a carbon dioxide reservoir 7 through a pipeline; the carbon dioxide reservoir 7 is connected to the throttle valve 9 through a pipeline; the throttle valve 9 is connected to the carbon dioxide gas-liquid separator 5 through a pipeline; the carbon dioxide gas-liquid separator 5 is connected to a first infusion pump 31 through a pipeline, the first infusion pump 31 is connected to a main nozzle through a pipeline, and the main nozzle regulating valve 11 is arranged on the pipeline; the pipeline connected with the main nozzle is connected back to the carbon dioxide gas-liquid separator 5, and a pressure sensor P is arranged on the pipeline; the carbon dioxide reservoir 7 is connected to a second infusion pump 32 through a pipeline, the second infusion pump 32 is connected to the auxiliary nozzle through a pipeline, and the auxiliary nozzle regulating valve 12 is arranged on the pipeline; a pressure regulating valve 19 is arranged on the side wall of the freezing chamber 18; a plurality of uniformly distributed single fluid combination nozzles 13 are located within the freezing chamber 18 opposite the conveyor 14; a conveyor belt 14 is provided in the freezing chamber 18, and the frozen objects are uniformly placed on the conveyor belt 14; the conveyor belt 14 is a U-shaped conveyor belt; the conveyor belt 14 comprises two mutually parallel main conveyor belts along the transverse direction and a vertical conveyor belt connecting the two, wherein the main conveyor belt and the vertical conveyor belt are connected into a whole; a plurality of air distribution partition plates 25 are uniformly arranged on the conveyor belt 14, and the direction of the air distribution partition plates is vertical to the conveying direction of the main conveyor belt; a plurality of induced draft fans 16 are uniformly arranged between the two main conveyor belts, and an induced draft partition plate 15 is arranged between the adjacent induced draft fans and is parallel to the air distribution partition plate; a pressure regulating valve 19 is arranged on the side wall of the freezing chamber 18; the exhaust gas recovery device 17 is positioned on the other side of the freezing chamber 18 opposite to the single-fluid combined nozzle 13 and comprises an exhaust fan, an air collecting port and an exhaust fan rear adjusting valve; the exhaust outlet of the exhaust fan is opposite to the air collecting port; the air collecting port is connected to the first compressor 41 through a pipeline, and a pressure sensor P is arranged on the pipeline; an exhaust fan rear adjusting valve 20 is arranged on a pipeline connected with the air collecting opening.
As shown in fig. 2, the single fluid combination nozzle 13 includes: a main nozzle 131 and a sub-nozzle 132; wherein, the main nozzle adopts a hollow cone type nozzle; the auxiliary nozzle is a solid cone nozzle; the spraying direction of the main nozzle is opposite to the freezing object conveyor belt; the injection direction of the auxiliary nozzle and the main nozzle form an included angle of 40 degrees.
In this embodiment, the length ratio of the main conveyor belt to the vertical conveyor belt is 4: 1; the air inducing partition plate and the air distributing partition plate adopt ABS (terpolymer of acrylonitrile, butadiene and styrene) plates; the outer part of the wall body of the freezing chamber adopts stainless steel as a protective material, and the inner part adopts a polyurethane core plate as a heat-insulating material.
The freezing method of the circulating carbon dioxide spraying quick-freezing system comprises the following steps:
1) uniformly discharging the frozen objects at the inlet of the conveyor belt, closing the outlet and the inlet of the conveyor belt, and simultaneously closing the main nozzle regulating valve and the auxiliary nozzle regulating valve;
2) before the freezing object is cooled, opening the pressure regulating valve, simultaneously conveying carbon dioxide to a carbon dioxide cooling circulation system by a carbon dioxide gas supplementing tank, conveying carbon dioxide liquid in a carbon dioxide liquid reservoir to an auxiliary nozzle by controlling a second liquid conveying pump, spraying carbon dioxide liquid drops by the auxiliary nozzle, discharging air in the freezing cavity, enabling the pressure and the temperature in the freezing cavity to be required during freezing, and closing the pressure regulating valve;
3) during freezing, the electronic expansion valve controls the gas supplementing amount through a feedback signal of the pressure sensor, carbon dioxide is conveyed to the carbon dioxide gas-liquid separator through the carbon dioxide gas supplementing tank, and carbon dioxide liquid and carbon dioxide gas are separated in a gravity settling mode; the carbon dioxide gas is conveyed to a second compressor from a pipeline positioned at the top of the carbon dioxide gas-liquid separator, the saturated carbon dioxide gas is compressed to be in a superheated state, and the superheated carbon dioxide gas is conveyed to a heat exchanger; the heat exchanger absorbs heat in the carbon dioxide gas, converts the heat into carbon dioxide liquid and transmits the heat to the waste heat recycling system; the carbon dioxide liquid is transmitted to a carbon dioxide liquid storage device; the temperature of the carbon dioxide liquid in the carbon dioxide liquid storage device is higher than that of the carbon dioxide liquid in the carbon dioxide gas-liquid separator; the carbon dioxide liquid in the carbon dioxide liquid storage device is subjected to pressure reduction and throttling through a throttling valve, and is transmitted to a carbon dioxide gas-liquid separator after being cooled and depressurized so as to enhance the refrigerating capacity of the spray liquid; carbon dioxide liquid in the carbon dioxide gas-liquid separator is used as spraying liquid and is conveyed to the main nozzle for spraying through the first infusion pump; meanwhile, the carbon dioxide liquid storage device is conveyed to the auxiliary nozzle through a second infusion pump for spraying; spraying in a periodic pulsating jet flow mode, and mixing with the incoming flow of the main nozzle to ensure that the spraying liquid is uniformly covered;
4) starting a conveyor belt and a draught fan, and starting spray quick freezing in the freezing chamber; the induced air partition plate is matched with an air distribution partition plate and an induced draft fan on the conveyor belt, incoming flows of the single-fluid combined nozzle are integrated to form a carbon dioxide flow field which is uniform in transverse direction and longitudinal along a temperature gradient, meanwhile, the conveyor belt is U-shaped, a freezing mode of pre-cooling and re-freezing a frozen object is formed by utilizing the smooth property, and the refrigerating capacity of carbon dioxide in the freezing chamber is fully utilized;
5) the exhaust gas recovery device sucks the expanded and vaporized carbon dioxide gas after refrigeration, compresses and cools the carbon dioxide gas again through the first compressor, and conveys the carbon dioxide gas back to the carbon dioxide cooling circulation system, so that circulating spraying is realized;
6) after the spray freezing is finished, stopping the circulating carbon dioxide spray quick-freezing system, closing the main nozzle regulating valve and the auxiliary nozzle regulating valve, stopping the exhaust gas recovery device, the induced draft fan and the conveyor belt, opening the pressure regulating valve, and discharging residual carbon dioxide in the freezing chamber;
7) and opening the outlet of the conveying belt after the pressure in the freezing chamber reaches the normal pressure, and taking out the frozen object.
Finally, it is noted that the disclosed embodiments are intended to aid in further understanding of the invention, but those skilled in the art will appreciate that: various substitutions and modifications are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and the appended claims. Therefore, the invention should not be limited to the embodiments disclosed, but the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A circulating carbon dioxide sprays quick-freeze system, its characterized in that, circulating carbon dioxide sprays quick-freeze system includes: the system comprises a carbon dioxide air supplementing tank, a carbon dioxide cooling circulation system, an infusion pump, a single-fluid combined nozzle, a freezing chamber, a conveying belt, a pressure regulating valve, an exhaust gas recovery device and a first compressor; the carbon dioxide gas supplementing tank is connected to the carbon dioxide cooling circulation system through a pipeline, and an electronic expansion valve and a pressure sensor are arranged on the pipeline connecting the carbon dioxide gas supplementing tank to the carbon dioxide cooling circulation system; the carbon dioxide cooling circulation system is connected to the infusion pump through a pipeline; the infusion pump is connected to a plurality of uniformly distributed single-fluid combined nozzles through pipelines; the side wall of the freezing chamber is provided with a pressure regulating valve; a conveyor belt is arranged in the freezing chamber, and the frozen objects are uniformly placed on the conveyor belt; a plurality of uniformly distributed single fluid combination nozzles are positioned in the freezing chamber opposite to the conveyor belt; the exhaust gas recovery device is positioned on the other side, opposite to the single-fluid combined nozzle, in the freezing chamber and is connected to a first compressor outside the freezing chamber through a pipeline; the first compressor is connected to the carbon dioxide cooling circulation system through a pipeline; before the freezing object is cooled, the pressure regulating valve is opened, the carbon dioxide is conveyed to the carbon dioxide cooling circulation system by the carbon dioxide air supply tank, the carbon dioxide liquid is conveyed to the single-fluid combined nozzle by the liquid conveying pump, carbon dioxide liquid drops are sprayed out, air in the freezing cavity is discharged, and the pressure in the freezing cavity is enabled to reach the pressure required during freezing; during freezing, the electronic expansion valve controls the gas supplementing amount through a feedback signal of the pressure sensor, and the carbon dioxide gas supplementing tank delivers carbon dioxide to the carbon dioxide cooling circulation system; the carbon dioxide cooling circulation system forms a closed refrigeration loop of a carbon dioxide working medium; carbon dioxide liquid in the carbon dioxide cooling circulation system is transmitted to the single-fluid combined nozzle through the infusion pump; the frozen objects in the freezing chamber sequentially pass through the single-fluid combined nozzle through the conveying belt; the single-fluid combined nozzle sprays carbon dioxide liquid to the frozen object to refrigerate the frozen object; the exhaust gas recovery device sucks the carbon dioxide gas which is expanded and vaporized after refrigeration, and the carbon dioxide gas is compressed and cooled again through the first compressor and conveyed back to the carbon dioxide cooling circulation system, so that circulating spraying is realized.
2. The circulating carbon dioxide spray flash freezing system of claim 1, wherein the single fluid combined nozzle comprises: a primary nozzle and a secondary nozzle; wherein the main nozzle adopts a hollow cone type nozzle; the auxiliary nozzle is a solid cone-shaped nozzle; the spraying direction of the main nozzle is opposite to the freezing object conveyor belt; the injection direction of the auxiliary nozzle and the injection direction of the main nozzle form an included angle; the included angle ranges from 30 degrees to 45 degrees.
3. The circulating carbon dioxide shower flash freezing system of claim 1, wherein the carbon dioxide cooling cycle system comprises: the system comprises a carbon dioxide gas-liquid separator, a second compressor, a heat exchanger, a waste heat recycling system, a carbon dioxide liquid storage device and a throttle valve; wherein the carbon dioxide gas-liquid separator is connected to a second compressor through a pipeline; the second compressor is connected to the heat exchanger through a pipeline; the heat exchanger is connected with a waste heat recycling system; the heat exchanger is connected to a carbon dioxide reservoir through a pipeline; the carbon dioxide reservoir is connected to the throttling valve through a pipeline; the throttle valve is connected to the carbon dioxide gas-liquid separator through a pipeline; the carbon dioxide gas-liquid separator is connected to a first infusion pump through a pipeline, the first infusion pump is connected to the main nozzle through a pipeline, and the main nozzle adjusting valve is arranged; the pipeline connected with the main nozzle is connected back to the carbon dioxide gas-liquid separator, and a pressure sensor is arranged on the pipeline; the carbon dioxide liquid reservoir is connected to a second infusion pump through a pipeline, the second infusion pump is connected to the auxiliary nozzle through a pipeline, and the auxiliary nozzle adjusting valve is arranged; carbon dioxide is conveyed to a carbon dioxide gas-liquid separator by a carbon dioxide gas supplementing tank, and carbon dioxide liquid and carbon dioxide gas are separated in a gravity settling mode; the carbon dioxide gas is conveyed to a second compressor from a pipeline positioned at the top of the carbon dioxide gas-liquid separator, the saturated carbon dioxide gas is compressed to be in a superheated state, and the superheated carbon dioxide gas is conveyed to a heat exchanger; the heat exchanger absorbs heat in the carbon dioxide gas, converts the heat into carbon dioxide liquid and transmits the heat to the waste heat recycling system; the carbon dioxide liquid is transmitted to a carbon dioxide liquid storage device; the temperature of the carbon dioxide liquid in the carbon dioxide liquid storage device is higher than that of the carbon dioxide liquid in the carbon dioxide gas-liquid separator; the carbon dioxide liquid storage device is conveyed to the auxiliary nozzle through a second infusion pump for spraying; the carbon dioxide liquid in the carbon dioxide liquid storage device is subjected to pressure reduction and throttling through a throttling valve, and is transmitted to a carbon dioxide gas-liquid separator after being cooled and depressurized so as to enhance the refrigerating capacity of the spray liquid; and conveying the carbon dioxide liquid in the carbon dioxide gas-liquid separator as a spray liquid to a main nozzle for spraying through a first conveying pump.
4. The circulating type carbon dioxide spray quick-freezing system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the conveyor belt is a U-shaped conveyor belt; the conveyer belt includes two parallel along horizontal main belt of each other to and connect the perpendicular conveyer belt of the two, main belt is connected as a whole with perpendicular conveyer belt, and main belt is 3 with perpendicular conveyer belt length ratio: 1-5: 1.
5. the circulating type carbon dioxide spraying quick-freezing system as claimed in claim 4, further comprising an air distribution partition plate, an induced draft fan and an induced draft partition plate; a plurality of air distribution partition plates are uniformly arranged on the conveying belt, and the direction of the air distribution partition plates is vertical to the conveying direction of the main conveying belt; evenly set up a plurality of draught fans between two main conveyer belts, set up the induced air baffle between adjacent draught fan, the induced air baffle is on a parallel with the cloth wind baffle.
6. The circulating type carbon dioxide spraying quick-freezing system as claimed in claim 5, wherein the air inducing partition plate and the air distributing partition plate are made of one of plastic, wood plate and glass fiber.
7. The circulating carbon dioxide spray quick-freezing system of claim 1, wherein the wall of the freezing chamber is made of protective materials at the outer part and heat-insulating materials at the inner part.
8. The circulating type carbon dioxide spray quick-freezing system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the exhaust gas recovery device comprises an exhaust fan, an air collecting port and an exhaust fan rear adjusting valve; wherein, the exhaust fan and the air collecting opening are positioned in the freezing chamber, and the air suction opening of the exhaust fan and the single-fluid combined nozzle are positioned on the other side of the freezing chamber relatively; the exhaust outlet of the exhaust fan is opposite to the air collecting port; the air collecting port is connected to the first compressor through a pipeline; an exhaust fan rear regulating valve is arranged on the pipeline connected with the air collecting opening; the exhaust fan sucks the expanded and vaporized carbon dioxide gas, and the carbon dioxide gas is collected and conveyed to the first compressor through the air collecting port.
9. A freezing method of a circulating carbon dioxide spray quick-freezing system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the freezing method comprises the following steps:
1) uniformly discharging the frozen objects at the inlet of the conveyor belt, closing the outlet and the inlet of the conveyor belt, and simultaneously closing the main nozzle regulating valve and the auxiliary nozzle regulating valve;
2) before the freezing object is cooled, opening the pressure regulating valve, simultaneously conveying carbon dioxide to a carbon dioxide cooling circulation system by a carbon dioxide gas supplementing tank, conveying carbon dioxide liquid in a carbon dioxide liquid reservoir to an auxiliary nozzle by controlling a second liquid conveying pump, spraying carbon dioxide liquid drops by the auxiliary nozzle, discharging air in the freezing cavity, enabling the pressure and the temperature in the freezing cavity to be required during freezing, and closing the pressure regulating valve;
3) during freezing, the electronic expansion valve controls the gas supplementing amount through a feedback signal of the pressure sensor, and the carbon dioxide gas supplementing tank delivers carbon dioxide to the carbon dioxide cooling circulation system; the carbon dioxide cooling circulation system forms a closed refrigeration loop for the carbon dioxide working medium; carbon dioxide liquid of a carbon dioxide gas-liquid separator in the carbon dioxide cooling circulation system is transmitted to a main nozzle through a first infusion pump, and a large amount of jet flow containing small-size liquid drops is generated through spraying to achieve a freezing effect; meanwhile, carbon dioxide liquid in the carbon dioxide liquid storage device is transmitted to the auxiliary nozzle through the second infusion pump, is sprayed in a periodic pulsating jet flow mode and is mixed with incoming flow of the main nozzle, so that the spraying liquid is uniformly covered;
4) starting a conveyor belt and a draught fan, and starting spray quick freezing in the freezing chamber; the induced air partition plate is matched with an air distribution partition plate and an induced draft fan on the conveyor belt, incoming flows of the single-fluid combined nozzle are integrated to form a carbon dioxide flow field which is uniform in transverse direction and longitudinal along a temperature gradient, meanwhile, the conveyor belt is U-shaped, a freezing mode of pre-cooling and re-freezing a frozen object is formed by utilizing the smooth property, and the refrigerating capacity of carbon dioxide in the freezing chamber is fully utilized;
5) the exhaust gas recovery device sucks the expanded and vaporized carbon dioxide gas after refrigeration, compresses and cools the carbon dioxide gas again through the first compressor, and conveys the carbon dioxide gas back to the carbon dioxide cooling circulation system, so that circulating spraying is realized;
6) after the spray freezing is finished, stopping the circulating carbon dioxide spray quick-freezing system, closing the main nozzle regulating valve and the auxiliary nozzle regulating valve, stopping the exhaust gas recovery device, the induced draft fan and the conveyor belt, opening the pressure regulating valve, and discharging residual carbon dioxide in the freezing chamber;
7) and opening the outlet of the conveying belt after the pressure in the freezing chamber reaches the normal pressure, and taking out the frozen object.
10. The freezing method according to claim 9, wherein in step 3), the carbon dioxide cooling circulation system forms a closed refrigeration loop for the carbon dioxide working medium, and the method comprises the following steps:
a) carbon dioxide is conveyed to a carbon dioxide gas-liquid separator by a carbon dioxide gas supplementing tank, and carbon dioxide liquid and carbon dioxide gas are separated in a gravity settling mode;
b) the carbon dioxide gas is conveyed to a second compressor from a pipeline positioned at the top of the carbon dioxide gas-liquid separator, the saturated carbon dioxide gas is compressed to be in a superheated state, and the superheated carbon dioxide gas is conveyed to a heat exchanger;
c) the heat exchanger absorbs heat in the carbon dioxide gas, converts the heat into carbon dioxide liquid and transmits the heat to the waste heat recycling system; the carbon dioxide liquid is transmitted to a carbon dioxide liquid storage device;
d) the carbon dioxide liquid in the carbon dioxide liquid storage device is subjected to pressure reduction and throttling through the throttling valve, and is transmitted to the carbon dioxide gas-liquid separator after being cooled and depressurized so as to enhance the refrigerating capacity of the spraying liquid.
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