CN110773253A

CN110773253A - Pneumatic buckwheat hulling device and hulling method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN110773253A
Application number: CN201911044825.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 郭芳; 佟鑫; 张晨; 周云鹤; 陈智; 慕厚春
Original assignee: Inner Mongolia Agricultural University
Current assignee: Inner Mongolia Agricultural University
Priority date: 2019-10-30
Filing date: 2019-10-30
Publication date: 2020-02-11

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural product processing, and particularly discloses a pneumatic buckwheat husking device and a husking method thereof. This buckwheat pneumatic hulling device, including the hopper of bottom export installation blanking ware, its characterized in that: the outlet of the blanking device is communicated with a Venturi feeder, one end of the Venturi feeder is connected with a fan A, the other end of the Venturi feeder is connected with a conveying pipeline, the tail end of the conveying pipeline is provided with a nozzle and is communicated with a collision device, and the outlet at the bottom of the collision device is communicated with a sieving and separating device through a flexible connection A; sieving separator is divided into upper strata and lower floor by the screen cloth, and upper strata is connected fan B and is set up the upper exit, and the lower floor bottom is provided with the export of lower floor, and all installs vibrating device in upper strata and the lower floor. The buckwheat huller avoids a complex mechanical mechanism for mechanical hulling, is safe and sanitary, can control the hulling effect of buckwheat by adjusting parameters such as airflow size, pipeline diameter and arrangement, collision materials and the like, and has high hulling efficiency, good kernel yield and low breakage rate.

Description

Pneumatic buckwheat hulling device and hulling method thereof

(I) technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural product processing, in particular to a pneumatic buckwheat husking device and a husking method thereof.

(II) background of the invention

Currently, the husking is mostly realized by a mechanical method. The mechanical shelling method is to apply mechanical force mechanically to break the shell of the shelled material under the action of external force and to separate the shell from the kernel mechanically through rolling, twisting, grinding and other actions. The mechanical husking methods commonly used include a percussion method, an extrusion method, a kneading method and the like. The impact shelling method is that under the action of centrifugal force, shelled materials impact the fixed baffle at high speed, when the impact force is proper, the shell deforms to form cracks, and when the shell leaves the fixed baffle, the shell and kernels are forced to crack and the kernels are separated due to different elastic deformations, so that the shelling purpose is achieved; the extrusion shelling method is to utilize the brittleness of the shell of the shelled material to crush and shell the shell under the action of extrusion force; the rubbing shelling method is one of the most commonly used mechanical shelling methods, and utilizes the rubbing force generated by high-speed rotating millstone or roller to shell the material to be shelled.

Buckwheat is a grain crop with high nutritive value, but due to the characteristics of high toughness of buckwheat husks, crisp kernels, small gaps between kernels and husks and three grooves, buckwheat kernels processed by the existing husking equipment have poor quality, the phenomenon that kernels, husks and scraps thereof are adhered to each other is serious, the kernels and husks are difficult to separate, the whole kernel rate of the buckwheat and the whole husk rate of the buckwheat husks are very low, and the breakage rate is very high, so that the subsequent utilization of the buckwheat is influenced, and the quality of buckwheat products is influenced. Therefore, it is important to develop a process or a machine for increasing the kernel-out rate and reducing the breakage rate of buckwheat in view of improving the overall efficiency of the buckwheat processing and industrialization and in view of an indispensable link of product processing.

Disclosure of the invention

The invention provides a pneumatic buckwheat hulling device with high kernel yield and low breakage rate and a hulling method thereof to make up for the defects of the prior art.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

the utility model provides a buckwheat pneumatic hulling device, includes the hopper of bottom export installation blanking ware, its characterized in that: the outlet of the blanking device is communicated with a Venturi feeder, one end of the Venturi feeder is connected with a fan A, the other end of the Venturi feeder is connected with a conveying pipeline, the tail end of the conveying pipeline is provided with a nozzle and is communicated with a collision device, and the outlet at the bottom of the collision device is communicated with a sieving and separating device through a flexible connection A; sieving separator is divided into upper strata and lower floor by the screen cloth, and upper strata is connected fan B and is set up the upper exit, and the lower floor bottom is provided with the export of lower floor, and all installs vibrating device in upper strata and the lower floor.

The buckwheat with hulls is fed into a material conveying pipeline through a hopper, mixed with air flow, then fed into a collision device at an accelerated speed for collision separation, and then separated from buckwheat kernels through a sieving separation device, so that the hulling of the buckwheat is realized; the pneumatic action is also realized in the sieving and separating process.

The more preferable technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

the venturi feeder consists of a throat pipe positioned in the middle, and a convergent section and a divergent section which are respectively positioned on two sides of the throat pipe, wherein the throat pipe is communicated with the outlet of the blanking device, the convergent section is connected with the fan A, and the divergent section is communicated with the material conveying pipeline; the Venturi feeder sucks buckwheat into a conveying pipeline to form a two-phase flow with certain conveying weight concentration and airflow speed by utilizing the airflow seed sucking and pressure feeding principle of a fan, the two-phase flow is continuously accelerated by a spray head, the buckwheat collides with a collision device at a certain outlet speed, and the buckwheat enters a sieving and separating device after shelling is completed.

The blanking device is a rotary feeder or a flap valve, and the fan A is a high-voltage motor and is used for feeding high-speed airflow to the buckwheat.

The upper layer is connected with a fan B through a flexible connection B, and the outlet position of the upper layer is opposite to the air port position of the fan B; the function of the flexible connection B is to isolate the vibrations of the screening and separating device. When sieving, the buckwheat hulls are discharged from the upper layer outlet under the action of the fan B because of light weight.

The vibrating device comprises a vibrating device B and a vibrating device A, wherein the vibrating device B is arranged on the upper layer in a multipoint mode, the vibrating device A is arranged on the lower layer in a multipoint mode, and the vibrating device is a pneumatic motor or a vibrating motor so that the screen forms space vibration.

The mesh size of the screen corresponds to the particle size of the buckwheat kernels, so that the shelled buckwheat kernels can conveniently enter the lower layer from the screen; the unhulled buckwheat is left above the screen due to the larger particle size than the buckwheat kernels.

The buckwheat husking method adopting the device comprises the following steps: mixing buckwheat with hull with air flow by feeder to form gas-solid two-phase flow with buckwheat, delivering via delivery pipeline, separating buckwheat kernel and buckwheat hull by sieving and aerating, and delivering un-hulled buckwheat to feeder to repeat the above steps.

The method specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) storing un-hulled buckwheat in a hopper, feeding the buckwheat into a Venturi feeder through a blanking device, sucking the buckwheat into a conveying pipeline to form a gas-solid two-phase flow, continuously accelerating the buckwheat through a nozzle, colliding with a collision device, and feeding the buckwheat into a sieving and separating device through a flexible connection A after hulling is finished;

(2) under the action of the fan B, buckwheat hulls are discharged from an upper layer outlet of the sieving and separating device, buckwheat kernels enter a lower layer through a screen and are discharged through a lower layer inlet, and unhulled buckwheat is left on the upper layer.

In the step (2), unhulled buckwheat enters a next-stage collision device and a sieving and separating device, or circularly enters a hopper, and is further subjected to pneumatic hulling.

The buckwheat huller avoids a complex mechanical mechanism for mechanical hulling, is safe and sanitary, can control the hulling effect of buckwheat by adjusting parameters such as airflow size, pipeline diameter and arrangement, collision materials and the like, and has high hulling efficiency, good kernel yield and low breakage rate.

(IV) description of the drawings

The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic process flow diagram of the present invention.

In the figure, 1 hopper, 2 fans A, 3 blanking devices, 4 Venturi feeders, 41 convergence sections, 42 throats, 43 diffusion sections, 5 conveying pipelines, 6 nozzles, 7 collision devices, 8 flexible connections A, 9 sieving separators, 91 upper layers, 92 lower layers, 10 fans B, 11 flexible connections B, 12 vibrating devices A, 13 vibrating devices B, 14 upper layer outlets, 15 screens and 16 lower layer outlets.

(V) detailed description of the preferred embodiments

The present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific examples to facilitate an understanding of the invention.

Example 1: pneumatic buckwheat husking device

As shown in the attached figure 1, the embodiment comprises a hopper 1 with a bottom outlet provided with a blanking device 3, wherein the outlet of the blanking device 3 is communicated with a Venturi feeder 4, one end of the Venturi feeder 4 is connected with a fan A2, the other end of the Venturi feeder is connected with a conveying pipeline 5, the tail end of the conveying pipeline 5 is communicated with a collision device 7, the nozzle 6 is arranged at the end head of the conveying pipeline 5, and the bottom outlet of the collision device 7 is communicated with a sieving and separating device 9 through a flexible connection A8; the sieving and separating device 9 is divided into an upper layer 91 and a lower layer 92 by a screen 15, the upper layer 91 is connected with a fan B10 and is provided with an upper layer outlet 14, the bottom of the lower layer 92 is provided with a lower layer outlet 16, and vibrating devices are arranged in the upper layer 91 and the lower layer 92.

Unhulled buckwheat is stored in a hopper 1 and passes through a downer 3 (such as a rotary feeder or flap valve) into a venturi feeder 4, the venturi feeder 4 consisting of a convergent section 41, a throat 42 and a divergent section 43. One end of the venturi feeder 4 is connected with a fan A2, the other end is connected with the conveying pipeline 5, the system utilizes the high-speed airflow seed suction and pressure feed principle of a high-pressure fan A2 to generate negative pressure at the throat 42 of the venturi feeder 4, buckwheat is sucked into the conveying pipeline 5 to form two-phase flow with certain conveying weight concentration and airflow speed, the two-phase flow is continuously accelerated through the nozzle 6, and the buckwheat collides with the collision device 7 at certain outlet speed to complete hulling.

And then enters a sieving and separating device 9 through a flexible connection A8, the sieving and separating device 9 is divided into an upper layer 91 and a lower layer 92 by a screen 15, and the upper layer 91 is connected with a fan B10 through a flexible connection A8. During sieving, the buckwheat hulls can be discharged from the upper outlet 14 of the sieving separator 9 under the action of the blower B10 because of their light weight. Because of the larger particle size of the buckwheat kernels, unhulled buckwheat remains in the upper layer 91 of the sifting and separating device 9 above the screen 15, and the buckwheat kernels pass through the screen 15 into the lower layer 92 of the sifting and separating device 9 and are discharged through the lower layer outlet 16.

The unhulled buckwheat can enter a next stage of pneumatic husking and screening device or be circulated into the hopper 1 for further pneumatic husking. The power for the sieving and separating device is provided by a vibrating device A12 and a vibrating device B13, so that the screen 15 forms a space motion, and the vibrating device A12 and the vibrating device B13 can be pneumatic motors or vibrating motors and are arranged on the sieving and separating device 9 at multiple points. The sieving device can change the number and the position thereof according to the needs, and 2 are arranged in the embodiment. The material of the collision device 7 may be a non-metallic or metallic material such as rubber.

Example 2: pneumatic buckwheat husking method

As shown in figure 2, mixing buckwheat with hull with air flow by feeder to form gas-solid two-phase flow with buckwheat, conveying via conveying pipeline, separating buckwheat kernel and buckwheat hull by collision after accelerating, and conveying to feeder to repeat the above process.

In order to make the objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, the present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, and the terminology used is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The present invention can be implemented in many ways other than those described herein and it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that numerous variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention and these are within the scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a buckwheat pneumatic hulling device, includes hopper (1) of bottom export installation blanking ware (3), its characterized in that: the outlet of the blanking device (3) is communicated with a Venturi feeder (4), one end of the Venturi feeder (4) is connected with a fan A (2), the other end of the Venturi feeder is connected with a conveying pipeline (5), the tail end of the conveying pipeline (5) is provided with a nozzle (6) and is communicated with a collision device (7), and the outlet at the bottom of the collision device (7) is communicated with a sieving and separating device (9) through a flexible connection A (8); sieving and separating device (9) is divided into an upper layer (91) and a lower layer (92) by screen cloth (15), upper layer (91) is connected with fan B (10) and is provided with an upper outlet (14), a lower outlet (16) is arranged at the bottom of lower layer (92), and vibrating devices are arranged in upper layer (91) and lower layer (92).

2. The pneumatic buckwheat husking apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the Venturi feeder (4) consists of a throat (42) positioned in the middle, and a convergence section (41) and a diffusion section (43) which are respectively positioned on two sides of the throat (42), wherein the throat (42) is communicated with an outlet of the blanking device (3), the convergence section (41) is connected with a fan A (2), and the diffusion section (43) is communicated with a material conveying pipeline (5).

3. The pneumatic buckwheat husking apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the blanking device (3) is a rotary feeder or a flap valve, and the fan A (2) is a high-voltage motor.

4. The pneumatic buckwheat husking apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the upper layer (91) is connected with a fan B (10) through a flexible connection B (11), and the position of an upper layer outlet (14) is opposite to the position of an air port of the fan B (10).

5. The pneumatic buckwheat husking apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the vibration device comprises a vibration device B (13) which is arranged on an upper layer (91) in a multi-point mode and a vibration device A (12) which is arranged on a lower layer (92) in a multi-point mode, and the vibration device is a pneumatic motor or a vibration motor.

6. The pneumatic buckwheat husking apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the mesh size of the screen (15) corresponds to the particle size of the buckwheat kernels.

7. A method for hulling buckwheat using the apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: mixing buckwheat with hull with air flow by feeder to form gas-solid two-phase flow with buckwheat, delivering via delivery pipeline, separating buckwheat kernel and buckwheat hull by sieving and aerating, and delivering un-hulled buckwheat to feeder to repeat the above steps.

8. The method of claim 7, comprising the steps of: (1) storing un-hulled buckwheat in a hopper, feeding the buckwheat into a Venturi feeder through a blanking device, sucking the buckwheat into a conveying pipeline to form a gas-solid two-phase flow, continuously accelerating the buckwheat through a nozzle, colliding with a collision device, and feeding the buckwheat into a sieving and separating device through a flexible connection A after hulling is finished; (2) under the action of the fan B, buckwheat hulls are discharged from an upper layer outlet of the sieving and separating device, buckwheat kernels enter a lower layer through a screen and are discharged through a lower layer inlet, and unhulled buckwheat is left on the upper layer.

9. The method of claim 7, wherein: in the step (2), unhulled buckwheat enters a next-stage collision device and a sieving and separating device, or circularly enters a hopper, and is further subjected to pneumatic hulling.