CN110768255B - Load regulation and control method and system considering charging facility safety state and storage medium - Google Patents
Load regulation and control method and system considering charging facility safety state and storage medium Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
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Abstract
The invention discloses a load regulation and control method, a system and a storage medium considering the safety state of a charging facility, wherein the method comprises the following steps: establishing a constraint condition of the power grid load; and regulating and controlling the load of the power grid according to the constraint condition. The invention can realize the guidance and load control of the charging and discharging behaviors of the electric automobile according to the electric charging and discharging rules.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electric power, and particularly relates to a load regulation and control method, a load regulation and control system and a storage medium considering the safety state of a charging facility.
Background
With the increasing popularity of electric vehicles, electric Vehicle networking (V2G: Vehicle-to-grid) technology has been proposed in order to lead systems in which the electric power of on-board batteries is sold to the grid when the electric Vehicle is not in use. At present, a plurality of pilot systems are available at home and abroad.
In consideration of the use habit of an electric vehicle owner and the normal distribution characteristic of the use time, the problem of insufficient capacity of a regional power grid is very likely to occur according to the natural charging rule of the rechargeable electric vehicle, so that the stability of the regional power grid is influenced. A large number of electric vehicles as power loads are naturally connected into a power grid, so that the peak-to-valley difference rate of the regional power grid is increased, and the peak regulation difficulty of the power grid is increased. Due to uncertainty of time and space of electric automobile load, in order to achieve the effect of ordered charging and discharging, an effective user side load management control strategy is required to guide the charging and discharging behaviors of the electric automobile.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a load regulation method, a load regulation system and a storage medium considering the safety state of a charging facility, so as to solve the problem of increasing peak shaving difficulty in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a load regulation method that takes into account charging facility safety status, the method comprising:
establishing a constraint condition of the power grid load;
regulating and controlling the load of the power grid according to the constraint condition;
the constraint conditions comprise a time-of-use electricity price constraint condition, a discharging income constraint condition and a peak clipping and valley filling constraint condition.
Further, the time-of-use electricity price constraint condition is as follows:
wherein C (t) represents a time-of-use electricity price, CvIndicating the electricity price at the load trough period, CpIndicating the electricity price during peak load period, t1And t2Respectively, the start and end times of the load trough period.
Further, the discharge benefit constraint condition is as follows:
wherein D (t) represents the time-sharing discharge yield, DvRepresenting the yield of the load trough period, DpRepresenting the gain, τ, during peak load periods1And τ2Respectively, the start and end times of the discharge yield valley period.
Further, the peak clipping and valley filling constraint conditions comprise peak clipping constraint conditions and valley filling constraint conditions.
Further, the peak clipping constraint condition is as follows:
P(DA)＝λ1·(1-λ3) (12)
the valley filling constraint conditions are as follows:
wherein P (DA) represents the probability of the user selecting the occurrence of charging in the regulation time period, P (DB | DA) represents the probability of the user selecting the occurrence of discharging in the case of the occurrence of charging in the regulation time period, P (DA & DB) represents the probability of the user selecting the simultaneous occurrence of charging and discharging in the regulation time period, and λ1User ratio, lambda, for selecting a valley price period for charging3To selectThe proportion of users waiting for incident processing.
Further, the calculation method of the probability that the user selects the simultaneous occurrence of the charging and the discharging in the regulation and control period is as follows:
if the user selects charging in the regulation time period and the user selects discharging in the regulation time period as an independent event, then:
P(DA·DB)＝P(DA)·P(DB)，
P(DA)＝λ1＝fA(c(t))，
P(DB)＝λ2＝hB(d(t))，
wherein, P (DA) represents the probability of charging occurring in the regulation and control time period selected by the user, P (DB) represents the probability of discharging occurring in the regulation and control time period selected by the user, and lambda1User ratio, λ, for selecting off-peak electricity price period for charging2The proportion of users who are discharged for selecting the peak power rate period, c (t) represents the time-of-use power rate, d (t) represents the time-of-use discharge yield, kAAnd kBRespectively representing the proportion coefficient, k, of charging and discharging in the regulation time period selected by the usertCoefficient representing coincidence of the regulation time and the user's travel time, CvIndicating the electricity price at the load trough period, CpIndicating the electricity price during peak load period, DvRepresenting the yield of the load trough period, DpIndicating the gain during peak load periods.
A load regulation system that considers charging facility safety status, the system comprising:
a constraint condition module: constraint conditions for establishing the load of the power grid;
a regulation module: and the control unit is used for regulating and controlling the load of the power grid according to the constraint condition.
Further, the system comprises a time of use electricity price calculation module: for calculating the time-of-use electricity price according to the formula shown below:
wherein C (t) represents a time-of-use electricity price, CvIndicating the electricity price at the load trough period, CpIndicating the electricity price during peak load period, t1And t2Respectively, the start and end times of the load trough period.
Further, the system includes a discharge profit calculation module: for calculating the discharge yield according to the formula shown below:
wherein D (t) represents the time-sharing discharge yield, DvRepresenting the yield of the load trough period, DpRepresenting the gain, τ, during peak load periods1And τ2Respectively, the start and end times of the discharge yield valley period.
Further, the system includes a probability calculation module: for calculating the probability of the user selecting simultaneous charging and discharging during the conditioning time period.
A load regulation system that considers charging facility safety status, the system comprising a processor and a storage medium;
the storage medium is used for storing instructions;
the processor is configured to operate according to the instructions to perform the steps of the method described above.
Computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, characterized in that the program realizes the steps of the above-described method when executed by a processor.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, the peak-valley regulation and control of the load of the electric automobile can be realized by utilizing the electricity price regulation and control of time-sharing charging and discharging according to the electric charging and discharging rule and the constraint condition of the load of the power grid, so that the peak-valley difference of the load is reduced, the load state tends to be stable, and the load of the power grid is reduced.
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FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a load regulation method that takes into account the safety state of a charging facility;
fig. 2 is a guide effect diagram of the demand side load management of the urban electric vehicle.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
The method is based on statistics of the use habits of owners of the electric vehicles, a mathematical model of a peak-valley time-of-use charging and discharging electricity price strategy is established, and a Bayesian method is adopted to conduct optimization solution on a time-of-use electricity price scheme, so that guidance and load control on charging and discharging behaviors of the electric vehicles are achieved.
The statistical data show that the charging peak period of the electric vehicle is approximately 16: in the time period of 00-19: 00, the time period approximately coincides with the peak time of the night off duty and is in a trend of normal distribution.
In order to guide the time-sharing charging of the electric vehicle owner, a peak-valley time-sharing charging and discharging electricity price strategy is adopted, a day is divided into a plurality of time intervals, and the time-sharing electricity price is formulated according to the change rule of the load of the power system. For the owner of the electric automobile, the cost of one-time charging and discharging comprises the cost of electricity and the cost of depreciation of the power battery. The invention takes a two-section time-of-use electricity price model as a time-of-use electricity price model, the electricity cost is shown as a formula (1), wherein C (t) represents the time-of-use electricity price, CvIndicating the electricity price at the load trough period, CpIndicating the electricity price during peak load period, t1And t2Respectively, the start and end times of the load trough period.
The unit capacity price of the power battery of the electric automobile is 2-3 yuan/(W.h), when the actual capacity of the battery is reduced to 80% of rated capacity, the service life of the battery is considered to be ended, and the recovery price of the battery with 80% of residual capacity can be expected to be 50% of the original price. Research shows that the lithium iron phosphate battery can be charged and discharged for more than 1200 times completely and repeatedly. Therefore, the depreciation cost of the power battery of the electric automobile in single charge-discharge is close to a fixed value and is set as D0The discharging benefit of the power battery of the electric automobile is shown as the formula (2), wherein D (t) represents the time-sharing discharging benefit, and DvRepresenting the yield of the load trough period, DpRepresenting the gain, τ, during peak load periods1And τ2Respectively, the start and end times of the discharge yield valley period.
In order to better fit the actual situation, the ratio is set to be lambda1The user selects the valley price time period to charge and fully charges the electric quantity; with a ratio of λ2The user selects the peak electricity price period to discharge to a safe nuclear power state (SOC: 20%). The State of Charge (SOC) of the battery refers to the remaining capacity Q of the batterycAccounts for the total capacity Q of the batteryIThe ratio of (A) to (B) is shown in formula (3).
Considering the safe running of the electric automobile, the SOC cannot be lower than 20%, and the lowest initial SOC allowed by the electric automobile to discharge is 30%. Setting the discharge power of the power battery as PdThen discharge duration td(unit is hour, h) satisfies formula (4).
1≤td≤8 (4)
If the nuclear power states of a large number of electric automobile power batteries are uniformly distributed, the initial charging and discharging time t of the automobile owner participating in load regulationsAnd τsAre respectively shown as a formula (5) and a formula (6).
In the formula, rand () represents a random function, rand (t)1,t2) Is shown in the interval [ t1,t2]A random number in tcAnd tdRespectively, the duration of charge and discharge. Obviously, the start time t of the load trough period1And a charging duration tcAnd the starting time tau of the discharge yield valley period1And duration of discharge tdHas a significant effect on the load curve. The regulation strategy targeting the minimum peak-to-valley difference is divided into two stages, the first stage regulates charging (peak clipping), and the second stage regulates discharging (valley filling). Target expressions of two stages are shown as a formula (7) and a formula (8), and the flow of the whole regulation strategy is shown as a figure 1.
minDA＝f(t1,tc) (7)
minDB＝h(τ1,td) (8)
Where DA indicates that the user selects charging during the regulation period, and DB indicates that the user selects discharging during the regulation period.
Generally, the regulation in the previous stage will affect the regulation in the next stage, and the ratio is λ1The user selects the valley price time period for charging, and the ratio is lambda2The user selects the peak electricity rate period for discharging. The statistical expressions are shown in formulas (9) and (10).
P(DA)＝λ1＝fA(c(t)) (9)
P(DB)＝λ2＝hB(d(t)) (10)
Wherein, P (DA) represents the probability of charging occurring in the regulation and control time period selected by the user, P (DB) represents the probability of discharging occurring in the regulation and control time period selected by the user, and lambda1Is a function related to c (t), where λ is not considered to be1Is proportional to Cp/Cv；λ2Is a function related to d (t), where λ is not considered2Is proportional to Dp/DvThe expressions of expressions (9) and (10) can be further written in the form shown below.
Wherein k isAAnd kBRespectively representing the proportionality coefficients (obtained from statistical data) of charging and discharging at the regulation and control time period selected by the user, ktAnd (4) representing the coincidence coefficient of the regulation and control time and the user travel time (obtained from counting data).
Since the user selects charging to occur first in the regulation and control time period, the probability of discharging when the user selects charging to occur in the regulation and control time period is as shown in equation (11).
Wherein, P (DB | DA) is a probability that the user selects the discharge to occur in the case where the regulation period charging occurs, and P (DA · DB) represents a probability that the user selects the simultaneous occurrence of the charging and the discharging in the regulation period; when the user selects charging in the regulation and control time period and the user selects discharging in the regulation and control time period as an independent event, P (DA. DB) ═ P (DA) · P (DB), otherwise, random sampling statistics needs to be carried out on the simultaneous occurrence probability.
In actual situations, the charging of the electric automobile needs to be completed by means of a charging pile, and the charging pile of the electric automobile actually has a sporadic fault; assuming that the fault condition of the charging pile follows normal distribution, marking as X-N (mu, sigma)2) When the failure occurs, the probability of g (x, t) is high, and after the failure, the failure needs to occur at tThe owner who charges constantly can choose to wait for the accident to handle or look for adjacent electric pile to charge. Assuming that the processing time of the fault of the one-time charging pile is delta t hours and the ratio is lambda3If the users choose to wait for accident handling, the users will influence the regulation and control strategy due to charging pile faults. The final optimization process needs to add the following two constraints:
1) peak clipping
P(DA)＝λ1·(1-λ3) (12)
2) Filling in cereal
Let a city share an electric vehicle N equal to 100 ten thousand, kA＝80％，kB＝40％，λ3＝20％，Δt ＝4h，ktThe two stages of regulation and control are independent of each other when the ratio is 0.7; the load is regulated and controlled on the basis of the original daily average electric automobile load curve, and the regulation and control effect is shown in figure 2.
A load regulation system that considers charging facility safety status, the system comprising:
a constraint condition module: constraint conditions for establishing the load of the power grid;
a regulation module: the system is used for regulating and controlling the load of the power grid according to the constraint condition;
the time-of-use electricity price calculation module: for calculating the time of use electricity price according to the formula shown below:
wherein C (t) represents a time-of-use electricity price, CvIndicating the electricity price at the load trough period, CpIndicating the electricity price during peak load period, t1And t2Respectively representing the start and stop moments of the load valley period;
a discharge profit calculation module: for calculating the discharge yield according to the formula shown below:
wherein D (t) represents the time-sharing discharge yield, DvRepresenting the yield of the load trough period, DpRepresenting the gain, τ, during peak load periods1And τ2Respectively representing the starting and stopping time of the low valley period of the discharge income;
a probability calculation module: for calculating the probability of the user selecting simultaneous charging and discharging during the regulation period.
A load regulation system that considers charging facility safety status, the system comprising a processor and a storage medium;
the storage medium is used for storing instructions;
the processor is configured to operate according to the instructions to perform the steps of the method described above.
Computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, characterized in that the program realizes the steps of the above-described method when executed by a processor.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present application has been described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the application. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the above examples, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is to be covered by the claims.
Claims (3)
1. A load regulation method considering a safety state of a charging facility, the method comprising:
establishing a constraint condition of the power grid load;
regulating and controlling the load of the power grid according to the constraint condition;
the constraint conditions comprise a time-of-use electricity price constraint condition, a discharging income constraint condition and a peak clipping and valley filling constraint condition;
the time-of-use electricity price constraint conditions are as follows:
wherein C (t) represents a time-of-use electricity price, CvIndicating the electricity price at the load trough period, CpIndicating the electricity price at peak load, t1And t2Respectively representing the start and stop moments of the load valley period;
the discharge benefit constraint conditions are as follows:
wherein D (t) represents the time-sharing discharge yield, DvRepresenting the yield of the load trough period, DpRepresenting the gain, τ, during peak load periods1And τ2Respectively representing the starting and stopping time of the low valley period of the discharge income; d0Represents depreciation cost of single charge and discharge;
the peak clipping and valley filling constraint conditions comprise peak clipping constraint conditions and valley filling constraint conditions;
the peak clipping constraint conditions are as follows:
P(DA)＝λ1·(1-λ3) (12)
the valley filling constraint conditions are as follows:
wherein P (DA) represents the probability of the user selecting the occurrence of charging in the regulation time period, P (DB | DA) represents the probability of the user selecting the occurrence of discharging in the case of the occurrence of charging in the regulation time period, P (DA.DB) represents the probability of the user selecting the simultaneous occurrence of charging and discharging in the regulation time period, and λ1User ratio, λ, for selecting off-peak electricity price period for charging3For selecting waiting for accidentUser ratio.
2. The load regulation method considering the safety state of a charging facility according to claim 1, wherein the calculation method of the probability that the charging and discharging simultaneously occur in the regulation period selected by the user is as follows:
if the user selects charging in the regulation time period and the user selects discharging in the regulation time period as independent events, then:
P(DA·DB)＝P(DA)·P(DB)，
P(DA)＝λ1＝fA(c(t))，
P(DB)＝λ2＝hB(d(t))，
wherein, P (DA) represents the probability of charging occurring in the regulation and control time period selected by the user, P (DB) represents the probability of discharging occurring in the regulation and control time period selected by the user, and lambda1User ratio, λ, for selecting off-peak electricity price period for charging2The proportion of users who are discharged for selecting the peak power rate period, c (t) represents the time-of-use power rate, d (t) represents the time-of-use discharge yield, kAAnd kBRespectively representing the proportionality coefficient, k, of charging and discharging in the regulation time period selected by the usertCoefficient representing coincidence of the regulation time and the user's travel time, CvIndicating the electricity price at the load trough period, CpIndicating the electricity price during peak load period, DvRepresenting the yield of the load trough period, DpIndicating the gain during peak load periods.
3. A load regulation system that considers the safety state of a charging facility, the system comprising:
a constraint condition module: constraint conditions for establishing the load of the power grid;
a regulation module: the system is used for regulating and controlling the load of the power grid according to the constraint condition;
the constraint conditions comprise a time-of-use electricity price constraint condition, a discharging income constraint condition and a peak clipping and valley filling constraint condition; the peak clipping and valley filling constraint conditions comprise peak clipping constraint conditions and valley filling constraint conditions;
the system comprises a time-of-use electricity price calculation module: for calculating the time of use electricity price according to the formula shown below:
wherein C (t) represents a time-of-use electricity price, CvIndicating the electricity price at the load trough period, CpIndicating the electricity price at peak load, t1And t2Respectively representing the start and stop moments of the load valley period;
the system comprises a discharge profit calculation module: for calculating the discharge yield according to the formula shown below:
wherein D (t) represents the time-sharing discharge yield, DvRepresenting the yield of the load trough period, DpRepresenting the gain, τ, during peak load periods1And τ2Respectively representing the starting and stopping time of the low valley period of the discharge income; d0Represents depreciation cost of single charge and discharge;
the peak clipping constraint conditions are as follows:
P(DA)＝λ1·(1-λ3) (12)
the valley filling constraint conditions are as follows:
wherein P (DA) represents the probability of the user selecting the occurrence of charging in the regulation time period, P (DB | DA) represents the probability of the user selecting the occurrence of discharging in the case of the occurrence of charging in the regulation time period, P (DA.DB) represents the probability of the user selecting the simultaneous occurrence of charging and discharging in the regulation time period, and λ1User ratio, λ, for selecting off-peak electricity price period for charging3Selecting the proportion of users waiting for accident handling;
the system includes a probability calculation module: for calculating the probability of the user selecting simultaneous charging and discharging during the regulation period.
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