CN110767269A - Water injection mode determination method and device - Google Patents
Water injection mode determination method and device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application provides a water injection mode determination method and a water injection mode determination device, and relates to the technical field of crystallization water injection. The application provides a water injection mode determining method and device, wherein the total molar flow rate of a gas phase, total pressure information of the gas phase, partial pressure information of a crystallization raw material and volume information of a pipeline in a crystallization pipeline are obtained, then the crystallization rate is determined according to the total molar flow rate of the gas phase, the total pressure information of the gas phase and the partial pressure information of the crystallization raw material, the crystallization time length is determined according to the crystallization rate and the volume information of the pipeline, and finally the water injection mode is determined according to a comparison result of the crystallization time length and preset time length. The method and the device for determining the water injection mode have the advantage of better effect after water injection.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of crystallization water injection, in particular to a water injection mode determining method and device.
Background
With the continuous increase of the processing proportion of the chlorine-containing, high-nitrogen and high-sulfur poor crude oil in the refining industry, the ammonium salt crystallization deposition and corrosion become common failure modes in the processing process of the poor crude oil. Most enterprises can choose to inject water before ammonium salt crystallization, and keep the water injection point to reach a certain liquid water ratio, thereby achieving the effects of dissolving and diluting ammonium salt and flushing deposited solids.
However, for the enterprises, the current water injection method is relatively fixed, and the ammonium salt crystallization process and HCl and NH in the medium3And H2The partial pressure information of S is closely related, resulting in that the water injection cannot achieve the best effect.
In summary, the existing water injection methods are relatively fixed, and the most suitable water injection method cannot be selected according to the actual situation in the crystallization pipeline, resulting in poor water injection effect.
Disclosure of Invention
The present application aims to provide a method and an apparatus for determining a water injection manner, so as to solve the problem of poor water injection effect in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the embodiments of the present application employ the following technical solutions:
in one aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a water injection manner determining method, where the water injection manner determining method includes:
acquiring total molar flow rate of gas phase in a crystallization pipeline, total pressure information of the gas phase, partial pressure information of crystallization raw materials and volume information of the pipeline;
determining a crystallization rate according to the total molar flow rate of the gas phase, the total pressure information of the gas phase and the partial pressure information of the crystallization raw material;
determining crystallization time length according to the crystallization rate and the volume information of the pipeline;
and determining a water injection mode according to the comparison result of the crystallization time length and the preset time length.
In another aspect, the present application provides a water injection manner determining apparatus, including:
the information acquisition unit is used for acquiring the total molar flow rate of the gas phase in the crystallization pipeline, the total pressure information of the gas phase, the partial pressure information of the crystallization raw material and the volume information of the pipeline;
a crystallization rate determining unit for determining a crystallization rate from the total molar flow rate of the gas phase, the total pressure information of the gas phase, and the partial pressure information of the crystallization raw material;
the crystallization duration determining unit is used for determining the crystallization duration according to the crystallization rate and the volume information of the pipeline;
and the water injection mode determining unit is used for determining the water injection mode according to the comparison result of the crystallization time length and the preset time length.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the following beneficial effects:
the application provides a water injection mode determining method and a water injection mode determining device, wherein a total molar flow rate of a gas phase, total pressure information of the gas phase, partial pressure information of a crystallization raw material and volume information of a pipeline in a crystallization pipeline are obtained, then a crystallization rate is determined according to the total molar flow rate of the gas phase, the total pressure information of the gas phase and the partial pressure information of the crystallization raw material, crystallization time length is determined according to the crystallization rate and the volume information of the pipeline, and finally the water injection mode is determined according to a comparison result of the crystallization time length and preset time length. Because this application can confirm crystallization rate according to the actual partial pressure information in the crystallization pipeline to confirm crystallization time, and then confirm whether the water injection mode is suitable through the required time of crystallization, make the water injection mode of selecting laminate in actual conditions more, the effect after the water injection is better.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present application more comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that other related drawings can be obtained from the drawings without inventive effort.
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 2 is a partial schematic flow chart of a water injection manner determination method provided in an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 3 is a flowchart of sub-steps of S104 in fig. 2 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 4 is a flowchart of sub-steps of S108 in fig. 2 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 5 is another schematic flow chart of a water filling manner determining method provided in an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 6 is a schematic block diagram of a water injection manner determining apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 7 is a block diagram of a crystallization rate determining unit according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 8 is a sub-module schematic diagram of a water filling manner determining unit provided in an embodiment of the present application.
In the figure: 200-a server; 201-a processor; 202-a memory; 203-a communication bus; 300-a water injection mode determining device; 310-an information acquisition unit; 320-a crystallization rate determining unit; 321-a crystallization temperature determination module; 322-a crystallization rate determination module; 330-crystallization duration determining unit; 340-water injection mode determining unit; 341-judgment module; 342-a water injection mode determination module; 350-corrosion rate determination unit; 360-a judgment unit; 370-adjustment unit.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application, generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, can be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application, presented in the accompanying drawings, is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures. Meanwhile, in the description of the present application, the terms "first", "second", and the like are used only for distinguishing the description, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings or orientations or positional relationships conventionally found in use of products of the application, and are used only for convenience in describing the present application and for simplification of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred devices or elements must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present application.
In the description of the present application, it is also to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed" and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly, e.g., as being either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood in a specific case by those of ordinary skill in the art.
Some embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below and the features of the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.
First embodiment
As described in the background, the crystallization of ammonium salts and HCl, NH in the medium3And H2S partial pressure is closely related, and the water injection mode of the current enterprises in the crystallization process is relatively fixed, so that the water injection effect is not ideal.
In view of this, the application provides a water injection method determining method, which determines a crystallization rate by obtaining actual partial pressure information in a pipeline, further determines crystallization time, and then determines whether the crystallization is a proper water injection method or not by using time required by crystallization, so that the selected water injection method is more suitable for actual conditions, and the effect after water injection is better.
The water filling method determination method provided by the present application is exemplarily described below with a server as a subject of execution.
Referring to fig. 1, the server 200 includes a memory 202, a processor 201, and a communication bus 203, wherein the memory 202, the processor 201, and the communication bus 203 are electrically connected to each other directly or indirectly to realize data transmission or interaction. For example, the components may be electrically connected to each other via one or more communication buses or signal lines. The memory 202 may be used to store software programs and modules, such as program instructions/modules corresponding to the water filling manner determining apparatus 300 provided in the embodiments of the present application, and the processor 201 executes the software programs and modules stored in the memory 202, thereby executing various functional applications and data processing. The communication bus 203 may be used for communication of signaling or data with other node devices.
The Memory 202 may be, but is not limited to, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a Read Only Memory (ROM), a Programmable Read-Only Memory (PROM), an Erasable Read-Only Memory (EPROM), an electrically Erasable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM), and the like.
The processor 201 may be an integrated circuit chip having signal processing capabilities. The processor 201 may be a general-purpose processor, including a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Network Processor (NP), and the like; but also Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) or other Programmable logic devices, discrete Gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components.
It will be appreciated that the configuration shown in fig. 1 is merely illustrative and that server 200 may include more or fewer components than shown in fig. 1 or have a different configuration than shown in fig. 1. The components shown in fig. 1 may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination thereof.
Referring to fig. 2, the method for determining water injection manner provided by the present application includes:
s102, acquiring the total molar flow rate of the gas phase in the crystallization pipeline, the total pressure information of the gas phase, the partial pressure information of the crystallization raw material and the volume information of the pipeline.
And S104, determining the crystallization rate according to the total molar flow rate of the gas phase, the total pressure information of the gas phase and the partial pressure information of the crystallization raw material.
And S106, determining the crystallization time length according to the crystallization rate and the volume information of the pipeline.
And S108, determining a water injection mode according to the comparison result of the crystallization time length and the preset time length.
As an alternative implementation, the acquired data may be acquired by a sensor through real-time detection, or may be input with different parameters for different enterprises.
For example, when the water injection mode of the enterprise a needs to be determined, in the actual operation process of the heat exchanger of the enterprise a, the staff can obtain the corresponding parameter values, that is, the total molar flow rate of the gas phase, the total pressure of the gas phase, the partial pressure information of the crystallization raw material and the volume information of the pipeline, and compared with different enterprises, the parameter values may change correspondingly due to the difference between the raw material and the product in the pipeline. When the preferred water injection mode of the heat exchanger of enterprise a needs to be determined, the staff member can input the corresponding parameter into the value server 200, so that the server 200 can determine the preferred water injection mode according to the parameter value.
After the server 200 obtains the data, firstly, the crystallization rate of the raw material in the crystallization pipeline is calculated, then, the crystallization time length is calculated according to the crystallization rate, and finally, the optimal water injection mode is determined according to the crystallization time length, so that the water injection effect is optimal.
Wherein, as an implementation of this application, this application crystallization pipeline indicates the heat exchanger tube bank in the heat exchanger to, the volume information of the heat exchanger tube bank of every heat exchanger is fixed, for example, in the heat exchanger in a certain enterprise, heat exchanger tube bank includes 100, and the volume of every heat exchanger tube bank is X, then the volume information of the crystallization pipeline of this radiator is 100X. It will be appreciated that during cooling, the feedstock will crystallize within the heat exchanger bundles and once all the bundles have been blocked by the crystals, the operation of the exchanger will not continue. Under the condition, the crystal can be washed or diluted in a water injection mode, so that the crystal is not easy to generate or eliminate in the pipeline. Therefore, it is particularly important to determine the water injection method.
When it is necessary to determine whether the water injection manner of the heat exchanger of a certain enterprise is reasonable, the total molar flow rate of the gas phase in the crystallization pipeline, the total pressure information of the gas phase, the partial pressure information of the crystallization raw material, and the volume information of the pipeline may be first input into the server 200. And the information can be information recorded when the heat exchanger operates.
As an alternative implementation of the present application, the crystals within the heat exchanger tube bundle are ammonium salts. For example, the crystals may be NH4Cl (ammonium chloride) or NH4HS (ammonium hydrosulfide).
Referring to fig. 3, S104 includes:
s1041, determining the crystallization temperature according to the partial pressure information of the crystallization raw material.
S1042, determining the crystallization rate according to the crystallization temperature, the total molar flow rate of the gas phase, the total pressure information of the gas phase and the partial pressure information of the crystallization raw material.
That is, when the crystallization rate needs to be calculated, it is necessary to calculate the crystallization temperature first and then calculate the crystallization rate. In addition, as an optional implementation manner, the server 200 can also determine whether the water injection position is reasonable according to the calculated crystallization temperature of the ammonium salt. In general, for NH4The crystallization temperature of Cl crystals is generally 200 to 250 ℃ and for NH4The crystallization temperature of HS is generally 20-60 ℃, and the temperature in the heat dissipation pipe is rapidly reduced due to water injection, so that crystallization temperature can be determined, and proper water inlets (generally 3 water inlets are arranged in the device) can be selected in the device, thereby reducing crystallization.
As an implementation manner of this embodiment, when the crystallization is NH4When Cl, the crystallization starting material comprises NH3With HCl, NH3Reaction with HCl to give NH4Cl and generating crystals at a certain temperature in the radiating pipe.
The actual steps of S1041 are: according to the formula
Calculating the crystallization temperature, wherein Kp ═ PNH3×PHCl，PNH3And PHClAre each NH3And partial pressure information of HCl in kPa, T1 representing NH4The crystallization temperature of Cl is given in degrees Celsius.
The actual steps of S1042 are:
according to the formula
Calculation of the crystallization Rate,. DELTA.n 1 denotes NH4Crystallization Rate of Cl, nvRepresents the total molar flow rate of the gas phase in mol/h, p represents the total pressure of the gas phase in kPa, K is the equilibrium constant of the reaction, and
wherein A, B, C is constant, and a is 9.3557, B is 3703.7, C is 232, and T is NH4Crystallization temperature of Cl.
As another implementation of this embodiment, when the crystallization is NH4When HS, the crystallization raw material comprises NH3And H2S，NH3And H2S reaction to obtain NH4HS, and generating crystals at a certain temperature in the heat radiating pipe.
The step of S1041 is actually:
according to the formula
Calculating the crystallization temperature, wherein Kp ═ PNH3×PHCl，PNH3And PHClAre each NH3And H2Partial pressure information of S, T2 represents NH4The crystallization temperature of HS.
The actual steps of S1042 are:
according to the formula
Calculating the crystallization rate, wherein Δ n2 represents NH4The crystallization rate of HS, nv 'represents the total molar flow rate of the gas phase, p represents the total pressure of the gas phase, K' is the equilibrium constant of the reaction, and
the crystallization rate of the corresponding ammonium salt can be obtained by the above formula, it should be noted that, generally, in a heat exchanger or an air cooler, only one ammonium salt is generated in the cooling process, for example, NH is generated in the process4Cl but no formation of NH4HS, or generation of NH4HS but no NH formation4Cl。
After the crystallization rate is determined, since the volume information of the pipeline is a fixed value for each heat exchanger, the crystallization time can be obtained by dividing the volume information by the crystallization rate. When necessary, the crystallization time refers to the time required for filling all the heat exchange tube bundles with ammonium salt according to the crystallization rate.
For example, if the number of heat exchange tube bundles is 100, the volume of each heat exchange tube bundle is X, the crystallization rate is Δ n1, and the crystallization time is t 100X/Δ n 1.
After the crystallization time is determined, the corresponding water injection mode can be determined according to the comparison between the crystallization time and the preset time.
As a possible implementation manner of the present application, the water injection manner includes no water injection, intermittent water injection, and continuous water injection. And the preset duration includes a first duration and a second duration, and the first duration is greater than the second duration, please refer to fig. 4, wherein S108 includes:
s1081, judging whether the crystallization time length is less than the first time length, if not, executing S1082, and if so, executing S1083.
S1082, determining a water injection mode to be water non-injection.
S1083, judging whether the crystallization time length is greater than the second time length, if yes, executing S1084, and if not, executing S1085.
S1084, determining a water injection mode to be intermittent water injection.
S1085, determining a water injection mode to be continuous water injection.
It should be noted that, for the heat exchanger, there is a working period, for example, the working period is 4 years, in this application, the first time length may be set to 4 years, and since the heat exchanger is maintained every time a period passes, when the crystallization time length is longer than 4 years, it means that water may not be injected, and it does not happen that the ammonium salt crystals block the radiator within 4 years. And when the crystallization time is less than 4 years, the crystallization is reduced by using a water injection mode.
In this application, the second duration may be a period of intermittent water injection, for example, set to 1 month, and when the crystallization duration is less than one month, then directly select the continuous water injection mode.
When water needs to be injected, because the ammonium salt can be dissolved in water after the water is injected, and the water in which the ammonium salt is dissolved is acidic, certain corrosion can be caused to the heat exchange tube bundle, and therefore, when the water needs to be injected, whether the corrosion rate reaches the standard needs to be determined.
As an implementation manner of the present application, please refer to fig. 5, the method further includes:
and S110, when the determined water injection mode is intermittent water injection or continuous water injection, acquiring the oxygen content, the average salt concentration, the temperature, the total medium flow rate and the water injection rate in the crystallization pipeline, wherein the water injection rate is related to the average salt concentration.
And S112, determining the corrosion rate according to the oxygen content, the average salt concentration, the temperature and the total flow rate of the medium.
S114, judging whether the determined corrosion rate is larger than a preset corrosion rate, and if so, executing S116.
And S116, adjusting the water injection amount so that the adjusted corrosion rate is smaller than the preset corrosion rate.
The step of obtaining the oxygen content, the average salt concentration, the temperature, the total flow rate of the medium, and the water injection amount in the crystallization pipeline may also be performed simultaneously with S102, which is not limited in this application.
Wherein, for the acquisition of average salt concentration, if the water injection is interrupted, firstly acquiring information such as water injection interval, water injection duration, water injection flow and the like, and then utilizing a formula according to actual water injection flow and the total amount of ammonium salt accumulated in the period without water injection
Calculating to obtain the average salt concentration, wherein c is the average salt concentration and has the unit of wt%; t is the interval of water injection in days; delta n is the crystallization rate of ammonium salt, and the unit is g/h; m is liquid water flow, and the unit is t/h; t' is the water injection duration in unit h. And calculating to obtain the corrosion rate during water injection by combining the process parameters such as the temperature of the aqueous solution, the total flow rate of the medium, the oxygen content of the solution and the like. The corrosion rate value does not represent the overall corrosion degree, and the annual corrosion rate is obtained by combining the water injection duration.
It is understood that when the water is continuously injected, the total amount of ammonium salt generated per day is directly divided by the amount of injected water per day.
The step of S112 includes:
according to the formula
Rcorr＝1.264a(8.757c0.426-1.331-0.003T+9.813×10-5T2-0.134+
0.182v+0.023v2)
Calculating the corrosion rate; wherein Rcorr represents corrosion rate in mm/a, a represents oxygen content in mg/L, c represents average salt concentration in wt × 100%, T represents temperature in deg.C, v represents total flow rate of medium in m/s.
Also, since the calculated value is different from the actual value by a certain amount, after S112, the method further includes:
s113-1, determining a correction coefficient according to a preset information table and the value of the oxygen content; wherein, the preset information table comprises the corresponding relation between the oxygen content and the correction coefficient.
And S113-2, acquiring the corrected corrosion rate by using the determined corrosion rate and the correction coefficient.
The correction coefficients corresponding to the oxygen content, the temperature and the total flow rate of the medium can be recorded in the information table, and the correction coefficients corresponding to the temperature and the total flow rate of the medium are considered in the corrosion rate formula provided by the application, so that the application only needs to determine the correction coefficient of the oxygen content through the preset information table. And after determining a correction factor for the oxygen content, calculating a corrected corrosion rate. For example, if the determined corrosion rate is Rcorr and the oxygen content corresponds to a correction factor of 0.9, then the corrected corrosion rate is 0.9 × Rcorr.
It is understood that the determination of whether the determined corrosion rate is greater than the predetermined corrosion rate described in S114 of the present application is actually a determination of whether the corrected corrosion rate is greater than the predetermined corrosion rate.
The preset corrosion rate can be set according to the standard in the industry, that is, if the corrected corrosion rate is greater than the standard value, it indicates that the corrosion rate is too large and needs to be adjusted. In general, the effect of reducing the corrosion rate can be achieved by increasing the amount of water injected to dilute the salt concentration. That is, the server 200 may adjust the water injection amount according to the input data, so that the adjusted corrosion rate is smaller than the preset corrosion rate, thereby reducing the corrosion rate.
And as a possible implementation manner of the present application, when the water injection amount is adjusted to the maximum water injection amount of the equipment, if the calculated corrosion rate is still greater than the preset corrosion rate, the water injection manner is changed.
For example, if an intermittent water injection manner is adopted, and even if the maximum water injection amount is adopted, the calculated corrosion rate is still greater than the preset corrosion rate, the server 200 may adjust the water injection amount by changing to a continuous water injection manner, so that the adjusted corrosion rate is less than the preset corrosion rate; if a continuous water injection manner is adopted, even if the maximum water injection amount is adopted, and the calculated corrosion rate is still greater than the preset corrosion rate, the server 200 may adjust the water injection amount by replacing the calculated corrosion rate with an intermittent water injection manner, so that the adjusted corrosion rate is less than the preset corrosion rate.
And if the adjusted corrosion rate cannot be made smaller than the preset corrosion rate by adjusting the water injection mode, the server 200 generates information suggesting upgrading of the material grade of the heat exchanger.
Meanwhile, the server 200 can reasonably arrange the proportion of the corrosion inhibitor and the water according to the field requirement and inject the corrosion inhibitor and the water together with the water injection; and mixing and strengthening equipment such as a spray head, a static mixer and the like is adopted to ensure the dissolving and washing effects of the ammonium salt.
Namely, by adopting the water injection mode determining method provided by the application, whether the water injection mode is reasonable or not can be determined by inputting the corresponding operating parameters in the heat exchanger, and if the water injection mode is not reasonable, corresponding suggestion instructions are generated, such as establishing a value for adjusting the water injection amount, changing the water injection mode and the like.
It can be understood that when a water injection suggestion needs to be provided for a heat exchanger of a certain enterprise, the crystallization temperature and the crystallization rate are calculated by using the data, then the corrosion rate is determined, and whether the water injection mode is reasonable or not is further judged according to the current water injection mode of the enterprise, and if the water injection mode is not reasonable, the determination method of the water injection mode provided by the application is used for adjusting to determine the better water injection mode.
In addition, the water injection mode determining method provided by the application can be suitable for all equipment and pipelines with ammonium chloride or ammonium bisulfide crystals, such as a condensation cooling system of a hydrofining reaction effluent, a delayed coking fractionation tower top circulation system, a catalytic cracking fractionation tower top circulation system and the like, is particularly suitable for the situation that ammonium salt crystals are blocked but an optimal water injection scheme does not exist, and can assist technicians to make effective relieving measures and prolong the operation period of the device through prediction and evaluation of different water injection schemes.
The following is illustrated by way of example:
example 1, a high-pressure heat exchanger of a gasoline and diesel oil hydrorefining device of a certain enterprise frequently leaks and fails, a failed tube bundle is seriously thinned, the tube bundle is made of 15CrMo steel, and the service life of the tube bundle is about 3 years. The medium temperature at the inlet of the tube side is 200 ℃, the pressure is 7MPa, and the medium flow is shown in the table I. Due to the high chlorine and nitrogen content in the feed, white ammonium chloride crystals were found at the inlet of the tube bundle and part of the tube bundle was completely blocked. In order to solve the problem of blockage, an enterprise adopts a mode of discontinuously injecting water at a tube pass inlet of a heat exchanger, the water injection frequency is averagely about 2 months, the water injection washing time is 3 hours, the water injection flow is 15t/h, and the oxygen content in water is about 5.5 mg/L. Wherein, the first table is the flow data of each component.
Watch 1
The prediction evaluation procedure is as follows:
1) according to the calculation formula of the crystallization temperature of the ammonium chloride, the crystallization temperature is calculated to be 202.5 ℃.
2) According to the calculation formula of the crystallization rate of the ammonium chloride, the crystallization rate at the outlet temperature of the heat exchanger is calculated to be 949 g/h.
3) The temperature of the medium after water injection is as follows: at 172.1 ℃ with a total flow rate of 6.59 m/s.
4) The average salt concentration was 4.36% calculated as ammonium chloride crystallization rate and liquid water flow at the heat exchanger outlet temperature.
5) Calculating to obtain an initial corrosion rate value taking the average salt concentration as a parameter, and then correcting by using the temperature, the total flow rate and the oxygen content of the aqueous solution to obtain the corrosion rate of the 15CrMo during water injection, wherein the corrosion rate is about 17.04 mm/a. According to the water injection time length and the water injection frequency, the annual corrosion rate is 0.037 mm/a. The influence of the under-deposit corrosion during the stopping of the injection is corrected according to the correction factors in the information table, and the final equivalent corrosion rate is 0.69 mm/a.
6) And (4) proposing: because the crystallization rate of ammonium chloride is high, water injection is frequent, and if ammonium salt is not washed clean, residual liquid after water injection and a small amount of moisture in a medium are absorbed by the ammonium salt during the period of stopping water injection, so that local corrosion of the tube bundle can be caused, and a continuous water injection mode is recommended. Through calculation, under the condition of the same water injection flow, the corrosion rate of 15CrMo is about 0.068 mm/a when water is continuously injected. It is recommended to add corrosion inhibitor while continuously injecting water, and install mixing strengthening equipment.
7) The implementation effect is as follows: the technological equipment is optimized according to the proposal, continuous water injection and corrosion inhibitor injection are adopted, and after the high-pressure atomizing nozzle is added to a water injection and agent injection point, the corrosion leakage problem does not occur after the device is operated for 36 months. The service cycle is predicted to be about 35 months from the wall thickness of the tube bundle being 2mm, and the actual operation cycle is higher than the predicted service cycle due to the filling of the corrosion inhibitor.
Example 2, the first elbow at the outlet of the atmospheric tower top air cooler of a catalytic cracking unit of an enterprise leaks, the local thinning of the elbow part is found to be serious by dense ultrasonic thickness measurement, and the service life of the pipe bundle is about 5 years due to 20# steel. The temperature of the medium at the outlet of the air cooler is 55 ℃, the pressure is 0.11MPa, and the medium flow is shown in the table II. Judging according to the corrosion form, and carrying out ammonium bisulfide erosion on the elbow part. In order to prevent ammonium bisulfide crystallization, continuous water injection is adopted at the front inlet of an air cooler by enterprises, the water injection flow is 8.5t/h, and the oxygen content in water is about 7.1 mg/L. Wherein, the second table is the flow of the medium at the top of the tower after water injection.
Watch two
The prediction evaluation procedure is as follows:
1) because water is injected before the air cooler, hydrogen sulfide and ammonia gas of the medium are dissolved in the water to form ammonium bisulfide solution. The calculated ammonium bisulfide crystallization temperature without flooding was less than 10 ℃.
2) According to the working condition, the crystallization rate of the ammonium bisulfide under the condition is calculated to be 2624 g/h.
3) The total flow rate at the elbow under water injection was found to be 6.2m/s by the information table.
4) The average salt concentration was 309 μ g/g calculated from ammonium bisulfide crystallization rate and liquid water flow rate.
5) Calculating to obtain an initial value of the corrosion rate with the average salt concentration as a parameter, and then correcting by using the temperature, the total flow rate and the oxygen content of the aqueous solution to obtain the corrosion rate of the 20# steel of about 1.24mm/a during water injection.
6) And (4) proposing: because the crystallization temperature of ammonium bisulfide is low, water injection can be omitted. Water injection will cause H instead2S and NH3Dissolving in water to form ammonium salt solution, and simultaneously, the water injection flow is large, so that scouring corrosion can be caused. According to API RP 932B (industry recommended standard), when carbon steel is selected as the air cooler part, Kp (Kp ═ H) is controlled2S]×[NH3]) And controlling the flow rate to be 3-6 m/s below 0.5, otherwise, upgrading the material. In this case, Kp is 1.3, and carbon steel is not suitable. Therefore, it is proposed to upgrade the air cooler outlet tube material to 2205 dual phase steel. By calculation, under the same working condition, the corrosion rate of the 2205 dual-phase steel is about 0.017 mm/a.
7) The implementation effect is as follows: according to the suggestion, water injection is stopped before the air cooler, an operation period (about 4 years) is implemented, and the phenomena of pressure drop increase, heat exchange efficiency reduction and the like do not occur in the air cooler. Meanwhile, after 2205 dual-phase steel is replaced, the thickness measurement result shows that the wall thickness is uniform, the average value of the thinning amount is less than 0.05mm, the fact that water injection is stopped is proved to be helpful for slowing down the corrosion problem, and the actual corrosion rate is lower than the predicted corrosion rate under the condition of water injection.
Example 3, pinhole-like leakage appears after the water injection point of the atmospheric tower atmospheric top volatilization line of a certain enterprise, the wall thickness of the pipeline near the leakage point is reduced seriously, the pipeline is made of 20# carbon steel, and the service life is about 9 years. The temperature of the medium in the volatilization line after water injection is 93 ℃, the pressure is 0.03MPa (g), and the detailed data of the medium flow in the tower is shown in the third table. In order to avoid the low-temperature hydrochloric acid dew point corrosion of a volatilization line, water is continuously injected at the top of the tower, the source of the water is sulfur-containing sewage, the NH4+ content in the sewage is 1872 mu g/g, the water injection flow is 6t/h, and the oxygen content in the water is about 6.6 mg/L. Because the pH value is alkalescent after water injection, ammonia (amine) and a neutralizing agent are not injected frequently. And the third table is the data of the common top volatilization line after water injection.
Watch III
The prediction evaluation procedure is as follows:
1) as the water injection operation is adopted on the volatilization line, the hydrogen chloride and the ammonia gas are basically dissolved in the water to form the ammonium chloride solution. The crystallization temperature of ammonium chloride without flooding was calculated to be 145 ℃.
2) According to the working condition, the crystallization rate under the condition is calculated to be 1420 g/h.
3) The total flow rate at the elbow under water injection was found to be 5.0m/s by the information table.
4) The average salt concentration was 139. mu.g/g, calculated from the ammonium chloride crystallization rate and liquid water flow rate.
5) Calculating to obtain an initial corrosion rate value taking the average salt concentration as a parameter, and then correcting by using the temperature, the total flow rate and the oxygen content of the aqueous solution to obtain the corrosion rate of the 20# carbon steel of about 0.82mm/a during water injection.
6) And (4) proposing: the ammonium chloride corrosion has locality, and the deposition of ammonium salt needs to be prevented in flowing dead zones such as elbows and tees after water injection. It is recommended to install mixing strengthening equipment at the water injection position and increase the wall thickness of the elbow, the tee joint and the like.
7) The implementation effect is as follows: after the static mixer is additionally arranged, the wall thickness of the volatilization line is checked by using a pulse scanning technology, no obvious local corrosion exists, the average thinning amount of the pipeline after the pipeline is used for 3 years is 2.5mm, the corrosion rate is about 0.83mm/a, the actual condition is identical with the predicted corrosion rate, and the corrosion state can be accurately described by using the water injection mode determining method provided by the application, so that a technician can conveniently master the operation condition.
In conclusion, the water injection mode determining method provided by the application comprehensively considers various influence factors in field industrial production, and has the characteristics of good reliability, high accuracy, strong applicability and the like. The method provided by the invention is used for evaluating the corrosion risk based on the corrosion rate, is visual and quantitative, obtains a coping strategy according to the evaluation result, and has systematicness and pertinence.
Second embodiment
Referring to fig. 6, an embodiment of the invention further provides a water filling manner determining apparatus 300, and it should be noted that the basic principle and the generated technical effect of the water filling manner determining apparatus 300 provided in the embodiment are the same as those of the above embodiment, and for brief description, corresponding contents in the above embodiment may be referred to where this embodiment is not mentioned. Referring to fig. 8, the water injection manner determining apparatus 300 includes:
an information acquisition unit 310 for acquiring information on the total molar flow rate of the gas phase in the crystallization conduit, information on the total pressure of the gas phase, information on the partial pressure of the crystallization raw material, and information on the volume of the conduit.
It is understood that S102 may be performed by the information acquisition unit 310.
A crystallization rate determining unit 320 for determining a crystallization rate according to the total molar flow rate of the gas phase, the total pressure information of the gas phase, and the partial pressure information of the crystallization raw material.
It is understood that S104 may be performed by the crystallization rate determining unit 320.
Referring to fig. 7, the crystallization rate determining unit 320 includes:
and a crystallization temperature determining module 321, configured to determine a crystallization temperature according to partial pressure information of the crystallization raw material.
It is understood that S1041 may be performed by the crystallization temperature determination module 321.
And a crystallization rate determining module 322 for determining a crystallization rate according to the crystallization temperature, the total molar flow rate of the gas phase, the total pressure information of the gas phase, and the partial pressure information of the crystallization raw material.
It is understood that S1042 may be performed by the crystallization temperature determination module 321.
A crystallization duration determining unit 330, configured to determine a crystallization duration according to the crystallization rate and the volume information of the pipeline.
It is understood that S106 may be performed by the crystallization time period determination unit 330.
A water injection manner determining unit 340, configured to determine a water injection manner according to a comparison result between the crystallization time and a preset time.
It is understood that S108 may be performed by the water filling manner determining unit 340.
Referring to fig. 8, the water injection manner determining unit 340 includes:
the determining module 341 is configured to determine whether the crystallization time is less than the first time.
It is understood that S1081 may be performed by the determination module 341.
And a water filling manner determining module 342, configured to determine that the water filling manner is water non-filling.
It is understood that S1082 may be performed by the water filling manner determining module 342.
The determining module 341 is further configured to determine whether the crystallization time is longer than the second time.
It is understood that S1083 may be performed by the determination module 341.
It is understood that S1084 and S1085 may be performed by the water filling manner determining module 342.
The information obtaining unit 310 is further configured to obtain the oxygen content, the average salt concentration, the temperature, the total flow rate of the medium, and the water injection amount in the crystallization pipeline when the determined water injection manner is intermittent water injection or continuous water injection, where the water injection amount is related to the average salt concentration.
It is understood that S110 may be performed by the information acquisition unit 310.
An etching rate determination unit 350 for determining the etching rate according to the oxygen content, the average salt concentration, the temperature and the total flow rate of the medium.
It is understood that S112 may be performed by the etch rate determination unit 350.
And a judging unit 360 for judging whether the determined corrosion rate is greater than a preset corrosion rate.
It is understood that S114 may be performed by the judgment unit 360.
And the adjusting unit 370 is used for adjusting the water injection amount so that the adjusted corrosion rate is smaller than the preset corrosion rate.
It is understood that S116 may be performed by the adjusting unit 370.
In summary, the present application provides a method and an apparatus for determining a water injection manner, in which a total molar flow rate of a gas phase, total pressure information of the gas phase, partial pressure information of a crystallization raw material, and volume information of a pipeline are obtained, a crystallization rate is determined according to the total molar flow rate of the gas phase, the total pressure information of the gas phase, and the partial pressure information of the crystallization raw material, a crystallization duration is determined according to the crystallization rate and the volume information of the pipeline, and finally a water injection manner is determined according to a comparison result of the crystallization duration and a preset duration. Because this application can confirm crystallization rate according to the actual partial pressure information in the crystallization pipeline to confirm the crystallization time, and then confirm whether suitable water injection mode through the required time of crystallization, make the water injection mode of choosing laminate in actual conditions more, the effect after the water injection is better.
In the embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and method may be implemented in other ways. The apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative, and for example, the flowchart and block diagrams in the figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of apparatus, methods and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present application. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of code, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). It should also be noted that, in some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems which perform the specified functions or acts, or combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions.
In addition, functional modules in the embodiments of the present application may be integrated together to form an independent part, or each module may exist separately, or two or more modules may be integrated to form an independent part.
The functions, if implemented in the form of software functional modules and sold or used as a stand-alone product, may be stored in a computer readable storage medium. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present application or portions thereof that substantially contribute to the prior art may be embodied in the form of a software product stored in a storage medium and including instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to execute all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present application. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U-disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and other various media capable of storing program codes.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the present application is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present application may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the application being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Claims (10)
1. A water injection method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring total molar flow rate of gas phase in a crystallization pipeline, total pressure information of the gas phase, partial pressure information of crystallization raw materials and volume information of the pipeline;
determining a crystallization rate according to the total molar flow rate of the gas phase, the total pressure information of the gas phase and the partial pressure information of the crystallization raw material;
determining crystallization time length according to the crystallization rate and the volume information of the pipeline;
and determining a water injection mode according to the comparison result of the crystallization time length and the preset time length.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the predetermined time period comprises a first time period and a second time period, the first time period is longer than the second time period, and the step of determining the water injection mode according to the comparison result of the crystallization time period and the predetermined time period comprises:
when the crystallization time length is greater than or equal to the first time length, determining that the water injection mode is water non-injection;
when the crystallization time length is less than the first time length and greater than the second time length, determining that the water injection mode is intermittent water injection;
and when the crystallization time length is less than or equal to the second time length, determining that the water injection mode is continuous water injection.
3. The method for determining water injection manner as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water injection manner comprises continuous water injection and intermittent water injection, and after the step of determining the water injection manner according to the comparison result of the crystallization time period and the preset time period, the method for determining water injection manner further comprises:
when the determined water injection mode is intermittent water injection or continuous water injection, acquiring the oxygen content, the average salt concentration, the temperature, the total medium flow rate and the water injection quantity in the crystallization pipeline, wherein the water injection quantity is related to the average salt concentration;
determining the corrosion rate according to the oxygen content, the average salt concentration, the temperature and the total flow rate of the medium;
and when the determined corrosion rate is greater than the preset corrosion rate, adjusting the water injection amount so that the adjusted corrosion rate is less than the preset corrosion rate.
4. A method of determining water injection pattern as defined in claim 3, wherein after the step of determining a corrosion rate based on the oxygen content, the average salt concentration, the temperature, and the total flow rate of the medium, the method further comprises:
determining a correction coefficient according to a preset information table and the value of the oxygen content; wherein, the preset information table comprises the corresponding relation between the oxygen content and the correction coefficient;
and acquiring the corrected corrosion rate by using the determined corrosion rate and the correction coefficient.
5. A method for determining a method of water injection as defined in claim 3, wherein the step of determining an etching rate based on the oxygen content, the average salt concentration, the temperature, and the total flow rate of the medium comprises:
according to the formula
Rcorr＝1.264a(8.757c0.426-1.331-0.003T+9.813×10-5T2-0.134+0.182v+0.023v2)
Calculating the corrosion rate;
where Rcorr represents the corrosion rate, a represents the oxygen content, c represents the average salt concentration, T represents the temperature, and v represents the total flow rate of the medium.
6. The method for determining a water injection pattern according to claim 1, wherein the step of determining a crystallization rate from the total molar flow rate of the gas phase, the total pressure information of the gas phase, and the partial pressure information of the crystallization raw material comprises:
determining the crystallization temperature according to the partial pressure information of the crystallization raw material;
determining the crystallization rate from the crystallization temperature, the total molar flow rate of the gas phase, the total pressure information of the gas phase, and the partial pressure information of the crystallization feedstock.
7. As claimed in claim6 the method for determining a water injection manner, wherein the crystallization raw material includes NH3And HCl, the step of determining the crystallization temperature according to partial pressure information of the crystallization raw material comprises:
according to the formula
Calculating the crystallization temperature, wherein Kp ═ PNH3×PHCl，PNH3And PHClAre each NH3And partial pressure information of HCl, T1 represents NH4The crystallization temperature of Cl;
the step of determining the crystallization rate from the crystallization temperature, the total molar flow rate of the gas phase, the total pressure information of the gas phase, and the partial pressure information of the crystallization raw material comprises:
according to the formula
Calculating the crystallization rate, wherein Δ n1 represents NH4Crystallization Rate of Cl, nvRepresents the total molar flow rate of the gas phase, p represents the total pressure of the gas phase, K is the equilibrium constant of the reaction, and
wherein A, B, C is constant, and a is 9.3557, B is 3703.7, C is 232, and T is NH4Crystallization temperature of Cl.
8. The water injection manner determining method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the crystallization raw material includes NH3And H2S, the step of determining the crystallization temperature according to the partial pressure information of the crystallization raw material comprises the following steps:
according to the formula
Calculating the crystallization temperature, wherein Kp ═ PNH3×PHCl，PNH3And PHClAre each NH3And H2Partial pressure information of S, T2 represents NH4The crystallization temperature of HS;
the step of determining the crystallization rate from the crystallization temperature, the total molar flow rate of the gas phase, the total pressure information of the gas phase, and the partial pressure information of the crystallization raw material comprises:
according to the formula
Calculating NH4Crystallization rate of HS, wherein Δ n2 represents NH4The crystallization rate of HS, nv 'represents the total molar flow rate of the gas phase, p represents the total pressure of the gas phase, K' is the equilibrium constant of the reaction, and
9. a water injection manner determination device, characterized by comprising:
the information acquisition unit is used for acquiring the total molar flow rate of the gas phase in the crystallization pipeline, the total pressure information of the gas phase, the partial pressure information of the crystallization raw material and the volume information of the pipeline;
a crystallization rate determining unit for determining a crystallization rate from the total molar flow rate of the gas phase, the total pressure information of the gas phase, and the partial pressure information of the crystallization raw material;
the crystallization duration determining unit is used for determining the crystallization duration according to the crystallization rate and the volume information of the pipeline;
and the water injection mode determining unit is used for determining the water injection mode according to the comparison result of the crystallization time length and the preset time length.
10. The water injection manner determining apparatus of claim 9, wherein the preset time period comprises a first time period and a second time period, and the crystallization time period determining unit is configured to:
when the crystallization time length is greater than or equal to the first time length, determining that the water injection mode is water non-injection;
when the crystallization time length is less than the first time length and greater than the second time length, determining that the water injection mode is intermittent water injection;
and when the crystallization time length is less than or equal to the second time length, determining that the water injection mode is continuous water injection.
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| CN113537653A (en) * | 2020-04-10 | 2021-10-22 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Atmospheric tower top corrosion risk assessment method and system and machine-readable storage medium |
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