CN110764409A - Optimal linear quadratic Gaussian control method for discrete system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an optimal linear quadratic Gaussian control method for a discrete system, and particularly relates to a linear quadratic Gaussian control technology. The method is based on the discrete time optimal Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) control problem of multi-time lag and state/control correlated noise, firstly, a maximum value principle of a linear quadratic Gaussian system with multi-time lag and state/control correlated noise is derived by using a variational method, a solution of forward and backward random difference equations (FBSDEs) consisting of an adjoint equation and a balance condition is obtained by a mathematical induction method, sufficient necessary conditions existing in the optimal linear quadratic Gaussian controller are given based on the solution of the FBSDEs, and an explicit solution and a minimum quadratic performance index of the optimal controller are obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a linear quadratic Gaussian control technology, in particular to an optimal linear quadratic Gaussian control method for a discrete system.
Background
The Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) control problem is an optimal stochastic control problem with additive white gaussian noise and state/control dependent noise systems, which combines a linear quadratic regulator for full state feedback and a kalman filter for state estimation. In recent years, optimal LQG control has been applied in various fields such as wind turbines, drones and industrial machine tools, and particularly in Network Control Systems (NCSs). With the rapid development of scientific technology, the former LQG control technology has gradually not kept pace with industrial applications, which has prompted us to study more complex LQG control systems with multiple input lags and state/control related noise.
As is known, time delay and data loss inevitably occur in the data transmission process of NCSs, and there are many LQG control results related to time delay and data packet loss. By using the dual principle, an optimal controller for controlling an input delay system is given. An explicit solution to the dual sensor distributed LQG problem is proposed for the linear system LQG problem with single input delay and state feedback.
On the other hand, since the state/control related noise can be applied to characterize the data packet loss, many documents have focused on the LQG system having the state/control related noise. An optimal encoder-decoder is designed by introducing a standard LQR state feedback controller, and the optimal LQG problem with any data packet loss is solved. Aiming at a packet loss network control system with a remote controller and a local controller, sufficient necessary conditions of a finite time domain problem and infinite time domain mean square stability are respectively given. For a discrete LQG system with single input delay and multiplicative noise, an explicit solution of an optimal controller and a suboptimal controller is given by introducing a maximum value principle.
However, the previous literature only studied systems of single input delay and multiplicative noise, and for noise systems where there are multiple input delays and state/control dependent noise, to our knowledge the optimal LQG control problem hardly makes any progress, and when the state variables are not fully available, the separation principle does not hold, so the optimal LQG control problem for this system becomes even more challenging.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects, provides a maximum value principle of an LQG system with multiple time lags and state/control correlated noise, obtains the solution of a forward and backward random difference equation by a mathematical induction method, and provides a method for solving an optimal LQG controller on the basis of the solution of the forward and backward random difference equation.
The invention specifically adopts the following technical scheme:
the optimal linear quadratic Gaussian control method for the discrete system adopts a formula (2.1) to express the discrete linear quadratic Gaussian system with multiple input time lags and state/control related noise,
wherein x isk∈RnRepresentative of the state, uk∈RnRepresenting control variables, d > 0 representing input time lag, vkIs an arbitrary mean value of zero and a variance of phi2White noise scalar of omegak∈RnIs zero mean value with pen variation and satisfiesThe matrix C is a matrix of a number of,D0,a constant matrix of appropriate dimensions, vkAnd wkUncorrelated, initial states of x0With a mean value ofAnd the initial control variable usIs known at s ═ d., 1;
Rnrepresenting an n-dimensional real euclidean space, I representing an identity matrix of appropriate dimensions, superscript' representing the transpose of the matrix,representing a random variable wkComplete probability space of, random variable wkIs formed byIs generated, i.e.ByAll ofThe symmetric matrix A is more than 0 (more than or equal to 0) and represents that the matrix A is a positive definite (semi-positive definite) matrix, and Tr (A) represents the trace of the matrix A;
the cost function associated with the system of equation (2.1) is shown in equation (2.2),
wherein the matrix Q, R,is a semi-positive constant matrix with appropriate dimensions, N being the length;
definition of
When i is 0, d, formula (2.1) is represented by formula (3.1)
xk+1=C(k)xk+D0(k)uk+Dd(k)uk-d+ωk(3.1);
Maximum principle of discrete linear quadratic gaussian system with multiple input time lag and state/control correlated noise when k is 0
The expansion is as follows:
therein, ζkIs a covariate, and k > N, ζk=0;
Further introduces a coupled Riccati difference equation shown in formula (3.5)
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
terminal value of
Let us assume that when k is 0k>0
In a discrete linear quadratic gaussian system with multiple input dead time and state/control dependent noise,
if and only if ΩkWhen N is a positive timing matrix, the optimal controller u is set to 0kIs shown in a formula (3.14),
the optimum performance index is shown in formula (3.15),
Preferably, when there is no time delay in a discrete linear quadratic gaussian system with multiple input dead time and state/control related noise, i.e. d is 0, the coefficients are described asThe optimal controller degradation is:
the optimum performance index at this time becomes:
preferably, when a more complex system with multiple time lags, a discrete linear quadratic Gaussian system with multiple input lags and state/control related noise is represented by equation (3.16),
the cost function is given by the equation (2.2),
if and only if ΩkWhen k is 0.. and both are positive timing matrices, the optimal controller u corresponding to equation (3.16)kComprises the following steps:
the optimal cost function is (3.26),
wherein D isiDefined as 0 when i > d, optimal common mode ζk-1And state xkThe relational expression (2) is the following expression (3.13).
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the maximum principle of a linear quadratic Gaussian system with multiple time lags and state/control related noise is introduced, the solution of forward and backward random difference equations (FBSDEs) is obtained through piecewise induction, sufficient necessary conditions of optimal linear quadratic Gaussian control are provided on the basis of the solution of the FBSDEs, and an optimal controller and a minimized performance index are obtained.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is ΩkWhen the linear quadratic Gaussian solution (LQG) is only optimal in the formula (2.1) when the linear quadratic Gaussian solution is more than 0, the optimal controller is shown in a schematic diagram.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings:
the optimal linear quadratic Gaussian control method for the discrete system adopts a formula (2.1) to express the discrete linear quadratic Gaussian system with multiple input time lags and state/control related noise,
wherein x isk∈RnRepresentative of the state, uk∈RmRepresenting a control variable with a delay d > 0, vkIs a mean of zero and a variance of phi2Scalar white noise of wk∈RnIs a zero mean random variable, and satisfiesThe matrix C is a matrix of a number of,D0,being a constant matrix of appropriate dimensions, vkAnd wkUncorrelated, initial states x0With a mean value ofAnd controlling the variable usIs known at S ═ d., 1;
Rnrepresenting an n-dimensional real euclidean space, I representing an identity matrix of appropriate dimensions, superscript' representing the transpose of the matrix,representing a random variable wkComplete probability space of, random variable wkIs formed byIs generated, i.e.The symmetric matrix A is more than 0 (more than or equal to 0) to represent that the matrix A is a positive definite (semi-positive definite) matrix, Tr (A) represents the trace of the matrix A;
the performance index related to the system shown in the formula (2.1) is shown in the formula (2.2),
wherein the matrix Q, R,is a semi-positive constant matrix with proper dimensionality, and N is the time length;
definition of
When i is 0, d, formula (2.1) is represented by formula (3.1)
xk+1=C(k)xk+D0(k)uk+Dd(k)uk-d+wk(3.1);
On the basis of equation (3.1), the maximum principle of a discrete linear quadratic gaussian system with multiple input dead time and state/control correlated noise when k is 0.
Therein, ζkIs a covariate, and k > N, ζk=0;
Further introduces a coupled Riccati difference equation shown in formula (3.5)
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
terminal value of
It is emphasized that the key to solving the problem of discrete linear quadratic gaussian system control with multiple input dead time and state/control related noise is to obtain the solutions of FBSDEs (3.1) and (3.2) - (3.4), and the relationship between the optimal co-state ζ k-1 and state xk is as follows.
Let us assume that when k is 0k> 0, equation
Are solutions of FBSDEs (3.1) and (3.2) - (3.4) at the same timeSatisfying equations (3.5), (3.10), (3.11) with the termination condition (3.12), the optimal control theory in equation (2.1) can be obtained on the basis of the known maximum value principle and the FBSDEs solution (3.13).
In a discrete linear quadratic gaussian system with multiple input dead time and state/control dependent noise,
if and only if ΩkWhen N is a positive timing matrix, the optimal controller u is set to 0kIs shown in a formula (3.14),
the optimum performance index is shown in formula (3.15),
wherein omegak,Mk,The coupling equations (3.5) - (3.11) with the final value of (3.12) are satisfied.
When there is no time delay in a discrete linear quadratic gaussian system with multiple input dead time and state/control related noise, i.e., d is 0, the coefficients are described asIt is readily apparent that equations (3.8) and (3.10) can be rewritten as:
will be provided withAndinstead of equations (3.9) and (3.11), it can be deduced that j is 0At this time, the difference equations (3.5) and (3.7) satisfy
the optimal controller degradation is:
the optimum performance index at this time becomes:
for complex systems with multiple time lags, the system equations are described as,
i ═ 0., d, the performance index is formula (2.2),
on the basis of the known maximum principle shown in equation (2.1), the maximum principle of more complex systems with multiple time lags is expanded to:
where i is 0,.. ang.d, and k is 0,.. ang.n, with k > N, ζk=0。
Equations (3.5) - (3.11) are extended to the following equations:
the termination value is shown as equation (3.12), which gives the main results of a discrete random linear quadratic gaussian system with state/control dependent noise and multiple input lags.
If and only if ΩkWhen N is a positive timing matrix, the optimal controller u corresponding to equation (3.16)kComprises the following steps:
the optimum performance index is (3.26),
wherein D isiDefined as 0 when i > d, optimal synergy ζk-1And state xkThe relational expression (2) is the following expression (3.13).
Considering the scalar case of a time-invariant LQG control system with state/control-related noise and multiple-input skew, the coefficients of equation (3.2) are as follows:
according to the theorem and equations (3.3) - (3.10), it can be calculated that:
obviously, Ωk> 0, therefore, there is a unique optimal linear quadratic Gaussian solution (LQG) for the available equation (2.1) and the optimal controller is as shown in FIG. 1.
According to the theorem, the optimal performance index at this time is
With the system (2.1) with cost function (2.2), we can get, by its maximum principle (3.1) - (3.4), that when k is equal to N,
substituting (3.7) - (3.9), the optimal controller uNCan obtain the product
Meanwhile, according to (3.2) to (3.4), there are
Substituting into (3.6) - (3.12), ξN-1To obtain
At this time, (3.14) was confirmed to be established when k is equal to N. Assuming that k is ≧ N +1 and N > N-d, ζk-1Like (3.14), it turns out that (3.14) is also true when k is equal to n. U additionallykAt all k ≧ n +1 are optimum ξnCan be calculated to obtain
Insertion of ζ into (3.3)n(3.3) into
Thus, N ═ N., N-d +1, the optimum controller is
ζ Using equations (2.1), (3.3) and (6.5)n-1Obtaining:
the above formula (3.14) is satisfied when k is N, and N-d < N ≦ N.
At this time, continue to obtain
Analogy to the above approach, assume that for all k > N +1, N-0k-1Expression ofAll the formulae (3.14) will be confirmed to be true when k is equal to n, as will be described later. Due to zetanThe calculation yields (6.8), then for all N ═ 0
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
the substitution of (2.1) and (6.8) can be summarized as
In this case, the optimum controller is designed to be N-d, i.e., 0
In the same way, unSubstitution (3.3) also proves
By induction, omega is obtainedkN is reversible, while the optimum controller can be designed to be (3.14). Definition of
Wherein k is 0, N, and when k is N, the above formula becomes
The formula (2.1) is used. It can be appreciated that the uniqueness of the optimal controller depends only on uNIf > 0 is true. Another xN0 and uN-d0, J (N) may be represented by
J (N) is known to be uNAnd because the system (2.1) has a unique solution, J (N) > 0 should satisfy ΩN> 0, i.e. omegakPositive when k is N. To accomplish the proof, assume all k ≧ n +1 times ΩkIs greater than 0. Omega will be demonstrated belown>0。
Using (2.1), (3.3) and (3.4) gives
To obtain the form j (N), on both sides of the above equation, k is accumulated from k N +1 to k N,
then
Substitution of formula (2.2) to give
Let x be the same as in the case where k is equal to Nn=0,un-iWhen the value is 0 and (3.14) is inserted into formula (6.4), the compound is obtained
Analogy omegaNThe case of > 0, and easily yields 0, for all kn> 0 is true.
"sufficiency": suppose k is equal to or greater than 0 and is equal to ΩNIf > 0 is true, it is necessary to prove that the cost function (2.2) is minimalMeasurable uniqueness.
Definition of
First, toEquivalent substitutions j ═ j +1, i ═ i +1, and m ═ m +1 can be obtained
Introduction of
The simultaneous substitution of (7.8) and (3.5) - (3.11), (7.7) becomes
On both sides (7.9) from k-0 to k-N, gives
In this case, the cost function (2.2) is shaped as
Because of omegak> 0, then the only optimal controller must satisfy the condition Δk0. In this case, the cost function is minimal, i.e. the optimal controller should be
And the optimal performance index is
It is to be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and those skilled in the art may make modifications, alterations, additions or substitutions within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. The optimal linear quadratic Gaussian control method of the discrete system is characterized in that the discrete linear quadratic Gaussian system with multiple input time lags and state/control related noise is expressed by a formula (2.1),
wherein x isk∈RnRepresentative of the state, uk∈RmRepresenting control variables, d > 0 representing input delay, vkIs a mean of zero and a variance of phi2Scalar white noise of wk∈RnIs a zero mean random variable and satisfiesThe matrix C is a matrix of a number of,D0,constant matrix of appropriate dimensions, vkAnd ωkUncorrelated, initial states x0With a mean value ofAnd the initial control variable usIs known at s ═ d., 1;
Rnrepresenting an n-dimensional real euclidean space, I representing an identity matrix of appropriate dimensions, superscript' representing the transpose of the matrix,representing a random variable wkComplete probability space of, random variable wkIs formed byIs generated, i.e.Symmetric matrix A > 0(≧ 0) means that matrix A is a positive (semi-positive) matrix, Tr(A) A trace representing matrix A;
the performance index related to the system shown in the formula (2.1) is shown in the formula (2.2),
wherein the matrix Q, R,is a semi-positive constant matrix with proper dimensionality, and N is a time length;
definition of
When i is 0, d, formula (2.1) is represented by formula (3.1)
xk+1=C(k)xk+D0(k)uk+Dd(k)uk-d+wk(3.1);
The maximum principle of the discrete linear quadratic gaussian system with multiple input dead time and state/control correlated noise when k is 0
Therein, ζkIs a covariate, and k > N, ζk=0;
Further introduces a coupled Riccati difference equation shown in formula (3.5)
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
terminal value of
Let us assume that when k is 0kIf more than 0, the solution of the forward and backward random difference equation can be obtained as
In a discrete linear quadratic gaussian system with multiple input dead time and state/control dependent noise,
if and only if ΩkWhen N is a positive timing matrix, the optimal controller u is set to 0kIs shown in a formula (3.14),
the optimum performance index is shown in formula (3.15),
2. the discrete system optimal linear quadratic gaussian control method according to claim 1, wherein when there is no time delay in the discrete linear quadratic gaussian system with multiple input skew and state/control dependent noise, i.e. d is 0, the coefficients are described asThe optimal controller degradation is:
the optimum performance index at this time becomes:
3. the method of discrete system optimal linear quadratic Gaussian control according to claim 1, wherein when a more complex system with multiple time lags, the discrete linear quadratic Gaussian system with multiple input time lags and state/control dependent noise is represented by equation (3.16),
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
i ═ 0., d, the performance index is formula (2.2),
if and only if ΩkWhen k is 0.. and both are positive timing matrices, the optimal controller u corresponding to equation (3.16)kComprises the following steps:
the optimum performance index is (3.26),
wherein D isiDefined as 0 when i > d, optimal synergy ζk-1And state xkThe relational expression (2) is the following expression (3.13).
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