CN110763603A

CN110763603A - River silt content automatic monitoring device

Info

Publication number: CN110763603A
Application number: CN201911250833.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 董梦宁; 陈新; 张明; 丁慧敏; 董学阳; 韩晓羽; 董方慧
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2019-12-09
Filing date: 2019-12-09
Publication date: 2020-02-07

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of hydrological monitoring, in particular to an automatic monitoring device for river sediment content, and aims to solve the technical problems that the labor intensity for measuring the sediment content is high, the equipment is original, the technology is backward, the risk is high, real-time sediment content data cannot be obtained and the like in the prior art. The releasing device can be arranged at a preset position, and the output end of the releasing device is integrated with a piezoelectric monitoring component for acquiring the dynamic water pressure of a certain point in the river, a flow rate monitoring component for acquiring the flow rate of the certain point in the river and a water temperature monitoring component for acquiring the water temperature of the certain point in the river; in addition, the water depth monitoring assembly is used for obtaining the water depth of a certain point in the river, the dynamic water pressure, the flow speed, the water depth and the water flow temperature which are obtained in real time are formed into first data through the data processing unit, and the first data are calculated through the processing terminal so as to obtain the numerical value of the sediment content in the river. The invention can monitor the sand content in real time, has high automation degree, and is a great innovation of a river suspended load sediment content monitoring means and technology.

Description

River silt content automatic monitoring device

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of hydrological monitoring, in particular to an automatic monitoring device for river sediment content.

Background

In the river hydrological monitoring data, the sand content is important monitoring data, and important information about climate, environment and the like, such as flood season, rainfall intensity, vegetation coverage and water and soil loss general view, can be obtained through analysis of the river sand content data. Based on the above, the monitoring and data processing of sand content is a basic hydrological forecasting project.

In the current mode, the sand content monitoring method is to utilize the volume of 1000cm³The horizontal sampler is carried on an operation ship, the sampler is put into a river at the position of the cross section of the river to a preset depth, a water sample is collected by manual operation, and the water sample is measured by a measuring cup; the subsequent operation program for monitoring the sand content comprises the following steps: precipitating for at least more than 24 hours after adding the coagulant; and (3) absorbing upper clear water through a siphon tube, concentrating, pretreating, bottling, measuring the water temperature of the water sample, searching coefficients, recording and calculating and the like.

Obviously, in the existing mode, the labor intensity is high when the sand content is monitored by repeated sampling; each monitoring needs to be carried out through the operation ship, so that the danger is high; the monitoring step needs to depend on the skill of operators, the monitoring tools are backward, and finally obtained data needs to be processed, calculated, recorded and stored subsequently.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides an automatic monitoring device for river sediment content, aiming at solving the technical problems that measuring equipment in the prior art is original, backward in technology, high in labor intensity, high in danger, incapable of obtaining real-time sediment content and the like.

In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

an automatic monitoring device for river silt content comprises:

the releasing device can be arranged at a preset position and is provided with an output end which can be released from the preset position to a target monitoring point in the river;

the output end of the release device is integrated with:

the piezoelectric monitoring component is used for acquiring the dynamic water pressure of a target monitoring point in a river;

the flow velocity monitoring assembly is used for acquiring the flow velocity of a target monitoring point in a river;

wherein the releasing device comprises a rotatable wire rope winch, and the second end of the wire rope winch is used as the output end;

the water depth monitoring assembly is used for acquiring the water depth of a target monitoring point in a river and calculating the water depth by monitoring the number of rotation turns of the steel wire rope winch;

the piezoelectric monitoring assembly can generate a voltage difference under the action of the dynamic water pressure of the river, and the dynamic water pressure of a target monitoring point is obtained based on the voltage difference;

the flow velocity monitoring assembly is rotatably arranged on the piezoelectric monitoring assembly, can generate voltage by being driven to rotate by water flow passing through the flow velocity monitoring assembly, and obtains the flow velocity of a target monitoring point based on the proportional relation between the voltage and the flow velocity;

the water temperature monitoring assembly is integrated on the piezoelectric monitoring assembly and is used for monitoring the water flow temperature of a target monitoring point in a river; and

the data processing unit is respectively in data transmission connection with the releasing device, the piezoelectric monitoring assembly, the flow velocity monitoring assembly, the water depth monitoring assembly and the water temperature monitoring assembly and receives the dynamic water pressure, the flow velocity, the water depth and the temperature of the water flow of a target monitoring point in the river to form first data;

the processing terminal is connected with the data processing unit in a data transmission manner;

and the processing terminal calculates according to the first data based on a built-in curing program to obtain a numerical value of the silt content in the river.

Specifically, a working platform is arranged at the preset position, and the release device is installed on the working platform;

the work platform includes:

a first platform and a second platform arranged horizontally;

the second end of the first platform is fixedly connected with the first end of the second platform;

an open slot is formed between the second end of the first platform and the first end of the second platform;

the wire rope winch is positioned above the open slot, one part of the wire rope winch is arranged on the first platform, and the other part of the wire rope winch is arranged on the second platform, so that a wire rope of the wire rope winch can pass through the open slot;

and the mounting frame is obliquely arranged at the bottom of the second platform so that the output end of the release device can face the river surface.

Specifically, the water depth monitoring assembly comprises:

a first connecting frame fixed above the first platform and connected with a first end of the wire rope winch;

the second connecting frame is fixed above the second platform and is positioned at the second end of the wire rope winch;

the first end frame of the first connecting frame and the first end frame of the second connecting frame are provided with a horizontally arranged top support;

the third connecting frame is positioned between the first connecting frame and the second connecting frame, and the first end of the third connecting frame is fixedly connected with the lower surface of the top support;

the photoresistor is fixed on the second connecting frame;

the light-emitting diode is fixed on the third connecting frame;

the wire rope winch is provided with a second end which is fixedly connected with a turntable;

the through hole is formed in the rotary disc;

when the light of the light emitting diode passes through the through hole and is received by the photosensitive resistor, the resistance value of the photosensitive resistor is reduced, and when the light of the light emitting diode is shielded by the turntable, the resistance value of the photosensitive resistor is increased when the photosensitive resistor cannot receive the light;

a counter electrically connected to the photoresistor;

when the turntable rotates along with the wire rope winch, the counter records the number of turns of rotation of the wire rope winch according to the number of times that whether the photoresistor receives the light of the light-emitting diode and the resistance value changes;

the data processing unit comprises a first data processor, and the first data processor is electrically connected with the counter and used for receiving the numerical value of the number of turns of the wire rope winch so as to convert the numerical value into the water depth.

Specifically, the method further comprises the following steps:

the surface of the turntable facing the direction of the second connecting frame is provided with a plurality of small magnets;

the small magnets are uniformly arranged on the circumference of the turntable;

the magnetic switch is arranged on the second connecting frame;

the magnetic switch is electrically connected with the first data processor;

when the steel wire rope winch rotates, the magnetic switch generates a connection or disconnection signal when the small magnet block rotates along with the rotary disc and is opposite to or passes through the front surface of the small magnet block, and the first data processor is used for receiving the times of the connection or disconnection signal of the magnetic switch and calculating the number of turns of the rotation of the steel wire rope winch.

Specifically, the piezoelectric monitoring assembly includes:

a first housing arranged horizontally;

a piezoelectric ceramic structure fixedly connected to a first end of the first housing and configured to have an elliptical ball projection as a monitoring end;

the piezoelectric ceramic structure is used for generating the voltage difference under the action of the pressure of the river dynamic water;

a balancing fin secured to the second end of the first housing, the balancing fin serving to ensure that the first housing remains in a level and streamwise attitude throughout the flow of water;

one end of the induction electrode wire is electrically connected with the piezoelectric ceramic structure;

and the second data processor is electrically connected with the induction electrode wire, is used for resolving the voltage difference induced by the piezoelectric ceramic structure into a dynamic water pressure value of a target monitoring point, and transmits the dynamic water pressure value of the target monitoring point to the terminal equipment.

Specifically, the flow rate monitoring assembly includes:

the second shell can be sleeved on the periphery of the first shell;

two groups of limiting parts are constructed on the periphery of the first shell, and the second shell is positioned between the two groups of limiting parts so as to limit the movement of the second shell along the length direction of the first shell;

the first shell penetrates through the two groups of bearings and is fixedly connected with the inner peripheries of the inner rings of the two groups of bearings, and the inner periphery of the second shell is fixedly connected with the outer peripheries of the outer rings of the two groups of bearings;

a void region formed between an outer periphery of the first housing and an inner periphery of the second housing;

the coil is arranged on the periphery of the first shell and is positioned in the gap area;

the magnet groups are arranged in a star shape and opposite N-S poles in a corresponding mode, are arranged and fixed along the inner periphery of the second shell and are positioned in the gap area;

when the second shell rotates around the first shell, the coil and the magnet group can generate induced potential;

the two ends of the second shell are respectively provided with a group of sealing mechanisms which are used for sealing the second shell;

a plurality of propeller blades fixed to an outer periphery of the second housing;

the coil generates the voltage when water flow impacts the plurality of propeller blades to drive the second shell to rotate;

and the fourth data processor is used for resolving the proportional relation between the voltage and the flow rate to obtain the flow rate value of the target monitoring point and transmitting the flow rate value of the target monitoring point to the processing terminal.

Specifically, the water temperature monitoring assembly includes:

a water temperature protection pipe housing fixed to the first housing and arranged along a length direction of the first housing;

the Pt armor core resistor is arranged in the water temperature protection pipe shell, partially protrudes out of the second end of the water temperature protection pipe shell to be in contact with a river, and the temperature of the water flow is measured;

and the third data processor is electrically connected with the Pt armor resistor through an electrode lead, and calculates the sensed resistance value into a numerical value of the water flow temperature and transmits the numerical value to the processing terminal.

Specifically, the method further comprises the following steps:

the first connecting part is formed on one side of the first shell, which is close to the tail wing, is vertical to the first shell, and is provided with a first connecting through hole and a second connecting through hole at the upper end and the lower end respectively;

the first connecting through hole is connected with the second end of the steel wire rope.

Specifically, the method further comprises the following steps:

a water surface signal generator mounted on the first housing;

the water surface signal generator is provided with a positioning line, and the central axis and the positioning line are positioned in a horizontal plane formed by the central axis and the positioning line;

the water surface signal generator comprises:

an insulating resin base;

a left copper sheet and a right copper sheet mounted on the insulating resin base;

the lead positive electrode is connected with the left copper sheet;

the lead negative electrode is connected with the right copper sheet;

the left copper sheet and the right copper sheet are connected with a power-on circuit after being filled with river water, and a connection signal is sent to the data processing unit through the circuit;

the data processing unit may also instruct the counter to start counting based on the switch-on signal.

Specifically, the method further comprises the following steps:

the counterweight fish lead is connected to the second connecting through hole through a steel wire rope, and the distance from the counterweight fish lead to the workbench is greater than the distances from the piezoelectric monitoring component and the flow velocity monitoring component to the workbench;

a river bottom signal generator integrated on the weighted fish lead;

wherein the river bottom signal generator comprises:

the insulating resin river bottom touch plate is connected below the counterweight fish lead in a turnover mode through a rotating shaft, and the second end of the insulating resin river bottom touch plate can be blocked by the bottom of the counterweight fish lead;

one end of the insulating resin river bottom touch plate can turn over towards the first end direction of the counterweight fish lead by taking the rotating shaft as a rotating point;

a first conductive copper block fixed to a first end of the insulating resin river bottom touch panel;

the second conductive copper block is fixed at the first end of the counterweight fish lead so as to be in circuit connection with the first conductive copper block when the insulating resin river bottom touch panel is turned over and generate a circuit signal, and the data processing unit can receive the circuit signal and instruct the counter to stop counting;

the river bottom touch plate counterweight lead block is fixed on the insulating resin river bottom touch plate and is arranged adjacent to the first conductive copper block;

a first conductive copper block positive lead connected to the first conductive copper block;

and the second conductive copper block cathode lead is connected with the second conductive copper block.

The invention can realize real-time monitoring and calculation of sand content, has high automation degree and high monitoring data precision, and can be used as a basis for carrying out follow-up work on hydrological monitoring.

Drawings

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system arrangement of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a water depth monitoring assembly of the name of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a piezoelectric monitoring assembly of the name of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the connection relationship of data processors according to the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a test graph of a piezoelectric monitoring assembly of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a test chart of the flow rate monitoring assembly of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a surface signal generator of the present invention;

fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a river bottom signal generator according to the present invention.

The reference numerals in the figures denote:

the device comprises a working platform 10, a releasing device 20, a piezoelectric monitoring component 30, a flow rate monitoring component 40, a water depth monitoring component 50, a data processing unit 60, a processing terminal 70 and a water temperature monitoring component 80;

the device comprises a first platform 11, a second platform 12, an open slot 13, a wire winch 210, a wire rope 211, a first connecting frame 511, a second connecting frame 512, a photoresistor 513, a light-emitting diode 514, a rotary disc 515, a counter 517, a through hole 516, a third connecting frame 518, a top support 519, a small magnet 521 and a magnetic switch 522;

the device comprises a first shell 311, a piezoelectric ceramic structure 312, a balance tail wing 313, an induction electrode wire 314, a water temperature protective pipe shell 510 and a Pt armor core resistor 520;

a second housing 410, a bearing 412, a void region 413, a coil 414, a magnet set 415, a propeller blade 416;

a first data processor 610; a second data processor 620; a third data processor 630; a fourth data processor 640;

a weight-balancing fish lead 81 and a river bottom signal generator 82; a first connecting member 320, a first connecting through hole 321, and a second connecting through hole 322;

an insulating resin river bottom contact plate 821, a rotating shaft 822, a river bottom contact plate counterweight lead block 823, a first conductive copper block 824 and a second conductive copper block 825;

the water surface signal generator 90, an insulating resin base 95, a left copper sheet 91, a right copper sheet 92, a lead anode 93 and a lead cathode 94.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The specific application scene of the invention is the measurement of the sediment content in the yellow river, and the invention solves the problems of original measuring equipment, backward technology, high labor intensity, high risk and incapability of obtaining real-time sediment content data in the prior art. The actual monitoring position is yellow river monitoring section, and when the component position relation is specifically described in the application, the left side is used as the first end, the right side is used as the second end, or the left side is used as the first end, and the lower side is used as the second end.

Referring to fig. 1-4, the device for automatically monitoring the silt content in a river comprises a releasing device 20, wherein the releasing device 20 can be installed at a preset position and is provided with an output end capable of releasing from the preset position to a target monitoring point in the river; the output of the release device 20 is integrated with: the piezoelectric monitoring component 30 is used for acquiring the dynamic water pressure P of a target monitoring point in a river; the flow rate monitoring component 40 is used for acquiring the flow rate v of a target monitoring point in the river; wherein, the releasing device 20 comprises a rotatable cable winch 210, and the second end of the cable winch 210 is used as the output end;

the water depth monitoring component 50 is used for acquiring the water depth h of a target monitoring point in a river and calculating the water depth h by monitoring the number of rotation turns of the steel wire rope winch 210;

the piezoelectric monitoring component 30 can generate a voltage difference under the action of the dynamic water pressure of the river, and the dynamic water pressure P of the target monitoring point is obtained based on the voltage difference; the flow velocity monitoring assembly 40 is rotatably arranged on the piezoelectric monitoring assembly 30, is driven by water flow passing through the piezoelectric monitoring assembly to rotate so as to generate a voltage difference, and obtains the flow velocity v of a target monitoring point based on the proportional relation between the voltage difference and the flow velocity v; a water temperature monitoring assembly 80 integrated on the piezoelectric monitoring assembly 30 and used for monitoring the water flow temperature T of a target monitoring point in a river;

the data processing unit 60 is respectively in data transmission connection with the releasing device 20, the piezoelectric monitoring component 30, the flow rate monitoring component 40, the water depth monitoring component 50 and the water temperature monitoring component 80, and receives first data formed by the hydrodynamic pressure P, the flow rate ν, the water depth h and the water temperature T of a target monitoring point in a river;

and the processing terminal 70 is connected with the data processing unit 60 in a data transmission mode, and the processing terminal 70 performs calculation according to the first data based on a built-in curing program to obtain the value of the sediment content Cs in the river.

In the present invention, the piezoelectric monitoring element 30 utilizes the principle of piezoelectric effect, in which some dielectrics, such as piezoelectric ceramic plates, etc., are deformed by external force in a certain direction, and polarization occurs in the dielectrics, and charges with opposite polarities appear on two opposite surfaces of the dielectrics. When the external force is removed, it returns to an uncharged state, and this phenomenon is called the positive piezoelectric effect. In a specific monitoring embodiment, for example in a river water stream, if the suspended matter silt content is zero: the pressure of a certain point in the water flow is equal to the sum of the clear water hydrostatic pressure and the kinetic water pressure, wherein the kinetic water is water flow impact; if the suspended load silt content is not zero, then: the pressure at a certain point in the water flow is equal to the sum of the hydrostatic pressure of the muddy water and the pressure of the kinetic water (muddy water); then, after the total pressure of a certain point in the river is measured, the dynamic water pressure P of the point is obtained through calculation, and then the sand content of the river water at the point is calculated, which is the basic principle of utilizing the piezoelectric effect to realize the monitoring of the suspended load silt of the river.

Thus, the first data obtained includes river velocity v, hydrodynamic pressure P, depth distance h and current temperature T, which are solved by the solidification program of the present invention by formula (6):

the specific derivation principle, process and measurement unit are as follows: at any point of the river monitoring section, the water depth (vertical distance from the water surface) h is as follows: m; flow rate v, unit: m/s; water temperature T, unit: DEG C; rho for clear water density_wRepresenting the density of the muddy water in the river by rho_wsThe density of the silt is expressed by rho_sExpressed, the units are: kg/m³(ii) a The water pressure at the point is divided by the frontal horizontal projection area of the piezoelectric ceramic induction sheet to form the pressure intensity, which is expressed by P and has the unit: n/m²(ii) a Acceleration of gravity is expressed in g, unit: m/s²Sand content was measured as Cs, unit: kg/m³。

The total pressure F borne by the pressure monitoring assembly at the point and the voltage difference sensed by the piezoelectric ceramic sensing piece are calculated after the relation between the total pressure F and the voltage difference is determined through tests, the sum of the hydrostatic pressure of the muddy water of the river and the pressure of the moving water (muddy water) is obtained, the pressure area borne by the pressure sensor is set to be A, and then the pressure borne by the pressure sensor is as shown in a formula (1):

according to the dynamic water pressure principle, the formula (2) is as follows:

formula (3), defined in terms of river sand content and density, is:

combining the formulas (2) and (3) and finishing to obtain the formula (4):

wherein, still include equation (5), be:

formula (5) is a replacement coefficient in the sediment treatment by a replacement method, and can be found according to the river water temperature;

further, formula (6) is derived;

under the condition that the water depth h, the flow velocity v and the water temperature T are obtained through measurement at a target monitoring point, and the corresponding clear water density rho is obtained through checking according to the water temperature_wAnd after the gravity acceleration g is found according to the altitude and the latitude of the monitored river section, substituting the gravity acceleration g into a formula to obtain the sand content of the river water at a certain monitoring point of the river water.

Therefore, a group of data which can be used for calculating the sand content can be obtained through the piezoelectric monitoring component 30, the flow velocity monitoring component 40, the water depth monitoring component 50 and the water temperature monitoring component 80, the data can be monitored in real time, and the automation degree is high; the data processing unit 60 and the processing terminal 70 are used for transmission calculation, the automation degree is high, the monitoring data precision is high, the data can be used as the basis for carrying out follow-up work in hydrological monitoring, the workload of monitoring personnel is effectively reduced, and the danger of monitoring operation is reduced.

Referring to fig. 1-4, in one embodiment, a work platform 10 is provided at a predetermined position, and a release device 20 is mounted on the work platform 10; the work platform 10 includes: a first platform 11 and a second platform 12 arranged horizontally; the second end of the first platform 11 is fixedly connected with the first end of the second platform 12; an open slot 13 is formed between the second end of the first platform 11 and the first end of the second platform 12; the wire rope winch 210 is positioned above the open groove 13, and is partially installed on the first platform 11 and partially installed on the second platform 12, so that the wire rope 211 of the wire rope winch 210 can pass through the open groove 13; a mounting frame 14 is provided at an angle to the bottom of the second platform 12 so that the output end of the release device 20 can be directed to the river. The monitoring assembly for monitoring the first data is thrown into the river through the steel wire rope winch 210, so that the step of manually sampling is omitted, the safety of operating personnel is guaranteed, and the working efficiency is effectively improved.

Referring to fig. 1-4, in one embodiment, a first connecting frame 511 is fixed above the first platform 11 and connected to a first end of the wire winch 210; a second connecting frame 512 fixed above the second platform 12 and located at a second end of the wire winch 210; a horizontally arranged top bracket 519 is erected at the first end of the first connecting frame 511 and the second connecting frame 512; a third connecting frame 518, which is positioned between the first connecting frame 511 and the second connecting frame 512, and a first end of the third connecting frame 518 is fixedly connected with the lower surface of the top bracket 519; a photo resistor 513 fixed on the second connection frame 512; a light emitting diode 514 fixed to the third link 518; the wire winch 210 has a second end connected with a rotating disc 515, a third connecting frame 518 is arranged adjacent to the second connecting frame 512, and the rotating disc 515 is arranged in the middle; a through hole 516 opened on the turntable 515; when the light from the led 514 passes through the via 516 and is received by the light dependent resistor 513, the light dependent resistor 513 reaches a minimum value; a counter 517 electrically connected to the photo resistor 513; when the turntable 515 rotates along with the wire reel 210, the counter 517 counts the number of times of resistance change of the wire reel 210 according to whether the photosensitive resistor 513 receives the light of the light emitting diode 514; the data processing unit 60 includes a first data processor 610, and the first data processor 610 is electrically connected to the counter 517 and is configured to receive the number of rotations of the wire winch 210 for converting into the water depth h.

The release device 20 of the work platform 10 has a wire rope reel 210, and the piezoelectric monitoring unit 30, the flow rate monitoring unit 40, and the water temperature monitoring unit 80 are suspended by a wire rope 211 to perform the water inlet and outlet operations. In order to accurately measure the water depth of the device at any point in the river, the characteristic that the resistance value of the photoresistor 513 changes along with the intensity of incident light is utilized: the incident light intensity, the resistance is reduced, the incident light is weak, and the resistance is increased.

The wire rope winch 210 has a second end, the second end is connected with a turntable 515, the turntable 515 is used for matching the light-emitting diode 513 and the light-emitting diode 514, specifically the light-emitting diode 514 and the light-emitting diode 513 which are installed, and a through hole 516 is formed in the direction in which the turntable 515 is opposite to the light-emitting diode and the light-emitting diode; the turntable 515 rotates along with the releasing motion of the steel wire rope 211, when the light emitting diode 514, the light sensitive resistor 513 and the through hole 516 are on the same straight line, the light sensitive resistor 513 receives the light beam emitted by the light emitting diode 514 and passing through the through hole, the light sensitive resistor 513 has a small resistance value, the counter 517 starts to record the number of changes of the resistance value of the light sensitive resistor 513 when receiving the signal from the water surface signal generator 90 that the measuring device reaches the water surface, and the recorded number of changes of the resistance value of the light sensitive resistor 513 is equivalent to the number of full rotations of the steel wire rope winch 210.

In addition, in order to ensure the accuracy of the water depth measurement, an auxiliary verification is performed in another embodiment, please refer to fig. 1 to 4, which in one specific embodiment further includes: a small magnet 521, wherein a plurality of small magnets 521 are arranged on the surface of the rotating disc 515 facing the direction of the second connecting frame 312; a plurality of small magnets 521 are arranged on the circumference of the turntable 515; a magnetic switch 522 is arranged on the second connecting frame 512; the magnetic switch 522 is electrically connected to the first data processor 610; when the wire rope winch 210 rotates, the rotating disc 515 rotates along with the wire rope winch 210, the magnetic switch 522 is in alignment with or passes by the small magnet 521 to generate a signal of switching on or off, and the first data processor 610 is used for calculating the number of turns of the wire rope winch 210 by receiving the number of times of the signal of switching on or switching off.

The small magnets 521 are arranged at positions, close to the through holes 516, of the rotary disc 515, the small magnets 521 are fixedly installed at intervals in the circumferential direction of the rotary disc, the number of times that the magnetic switch 522 is switched on is divided by the number of times that the small magnets are installed, the number of times that the resistance value of the photodiode changes is equal to the number of times that the resistance value of the photodiode changes, and meanwhile, the two numerical values are verified mutually, so that the accuracy in metering of the number of times of rotation of the steering wheel is guaranteed.

The water depth h is the depth of water entering the silt content monitoring device, namely the water depth h, which is the number of times the magnetic switch 522 is switched on, divided by the total number of the plurality of small magnets 521, and multiplied by the perimeter of the steel wire rope winch 210.

The water depth calculation formula is as follows: h ═ lxm ÷ N;

in the formula: h, water depth; m: the number of times the magnetic switch 522 is turned on; n: the total number of small magnet blocks mounted on one side of the turntable 515; l: circumference of the wire rope winch 210, unit: mm;

and the diameter of the turntable 515 is 300mm, the circumference is: 942mm, 2mm wide, 2mm long and 2mm thick of the small magnet blocks, the small magnet blocks may be arranged along the circumference of the turntable 515, for example, the diameter of the circumference where the magnet blocks are arranged is 280mm, and 146 small magnet blocks are arranged, then the distance between the small magnet chopsticks is: 4.0 mm.

The river water depth monitoring device comprises the following specific measurement ranges and main technical parameters: measuring depth measurement range: 0.32-10.5 m; water depth minimum resolution: 2.00 mm; and (3) measuring precision: plus or minus 1.0 percent. Power supply: the working power supply of the magnetic switch and the working power supply of the light-emitting diode are both 3.6V. After the water measuring and monitoring device is installed, the maximum water depth of the actually monitored section on site is 10.8m, and the actual specific water depth range is 0.32-10.5 m. And (3) comparing and measuring results: the occasional error for a cumulative frequency of 75% is: plus or minus 1.81 percent; 2. the occasional error of accumulating the frequency 95% is: 3.09%; 3. the systematic error is: 0.00 m.

TABLE 1 water depth monitoring assembly and data comparison table of reading (in meters and m) of existing sounding rod

Referring to FIG. 3, in one embodiment, a piezoelectric monitoring assembly 30 includes: a first housing 311 arranged horizontally; a piezoelectric ceramic structure 312 fixedly attached to a first end of the first housing 311 and configured to have an elliptical ball projection as a monitoring end; the piezoelectric ceramic structure 312 is used for generating a voltage difference under the action of the pressure of the river dynamic water; a balancing tail 313 fixed to a second end of the first housing 311; an induction electrode wire 314 having one end electrically connected to the piezoelectric ceramic structure 312; and the second data processor 620 is electrically connected with the induction electrode wire 314, calculates the dynamic water pressure value of the target monitoring point by using the voltage difference, and transmits the dynamic water pressure value of the target monitoring point to the terminal equipment 70.

The piezoelectric ceramic structure 312 is formed in an elliptical spherical bulge or a hemispherical shape, is equivalent to a piezoelectric ceramic sheet, is specifically made of a piezoelectric crystal sheet, and aims to avoid disturbing the original state of water flow and influence on the change of monitoring data; the first data processor 610 is a pressure data processor made of a PC single chip microcomputer and receives the voltage difference transmitted from the piezoelectric ceramic structure 312 in real time. When the river sediment pressure monitoring device enters a certain preset depth of river water, the piezoelectric ceramic structure 312 senses and outputs voltage due to water flow pressure, such as pressure generated by equal clear water, pressure generated by the flow rate at the point and pressure generated by sediment at the point, and the data processor of the piezoelectric monitoring assembly 30 resolves the voltage into pressure at the point and transmits the pressure to the processing terminal in real time for storage and further processing.

The diameter of the outer edge opening of the elliptical ball of the piezoelectric ceramic structure 312 is 250mm, the height of the elliptical ball is 125mm, and the thickness is as follows: 6mm, frontal water-facing projection area: 196250mm². After installation, utilizing a water conservancy test tank to calibrate a pressure conversion curve of a measuring point, wherein the calibration method comprises the following steps: the voltage U of the river sediment pressure monitoring device is measured at different water depths and flow rates (the pressure at the point is known as P), and a U-P relation curve is established so as to be called in field test and use of the device. Considering that the device is to be tested and put into operation at a hydrological station at Luo mouths of yellow river, the historical maximum water depth of the hydrological monitoring section at Luo mouths is 12.0m, the maximum flow velocity is 4.50m/s, and the given known point during the test is the pressure generated by the combination of the flow velocity and the water depth. The maximum test water depth of the hydraulic test tank was set to 5.0 m. The velocity of flow in natural river course is big end up, and it is the biggest to be close river surface velocity of flow, and the river bottom velocity of flow is 0 gradually, pressure monitoring device test range and main technical parameter, test range: flow velocity of 0.00-4.5 m/s, water depth: 0-12.0 m, and the measurement precision is +/-1.0%. Resolution ratio: the resolution of the output voltage is more than 0.001 μ v (microvolt).

TABLE 2U-P Curve test data recording sheet for river silt pressure monitoring device

Referring to fig. 1-4, in one embodiment, flow rate monitoring assembly 40 includes: a second housing 410, which can be sleeved on the outer circumference of the first housing 311; two sets of limiting parts 411 are configured on the periphery of the first housing 311, and the second housing 410 is located between the two sets of limiting parts 411 to limit the movement of the second housing 410 along the length direction of the first housing; two sets of bearings 412 rotatably connected inside the second housing 410, the first housing 311 passing through the two sets of bearings 412 and forming a fixed connection with the inner peripheries of the inner rings of the two sets of bearings, the outer peripheries of the outer rings of the two sets of bearings forming a fixed connection with the inner periphery of the second housing 410; a void area 413 formed between an outer periphery of the first housing 311 and an inner periphery of the second housing 410; a coil 414 disposed at the outer periphery of the first housing 311 and located in the void area 413; magnet groups 415 arranged in a star shape and corresponding to two opposite N-S poles, which are arranged along the inner circumference of the second housing 410 and located in the gap area 413; two ends of the second housing 410 are respectively provided with a group of sealing mechanisms, and the sealing mechanisms are used for sealing the second housing 410; a plurality of propeller blades 416 fixed to the outer circumference of the second housing 410, wherein the propeller blades 416 drive the second housing 410 to rotate around the first housing 311 under the impact of the water flow; wherein, the coil 414 rotates in the second housing 410 to drive the magnet set to rotate, so that the magnetic line of force cuts the coil 414 to generate voltage; and the fourth data processor 640 is configured to calculate a proportional relationship between the voltage and the flow rate v to obtain a flow rate value of the target monitoring point, and transmit the flow rate value of the target monitoring point to the processing terminal 70.

The working principle is that the moving direction of the conductor in the magnetic field is perpendicular to or forms an angle with the magnetic force lines passing through the conductor, for example, as long as the conductor is not parallel to the magnetic force lines, the conductor cuts the magnetic force lines under the action of force, induced potential is generated in the conductor, and voltage is generated in a closed loop externally connected with the conductor. The propeller blades 416 are impacted by water flow, so that the second shell 410 is driven to rotate and the magnet set 415 is driven to rotate, namely the magnetic lines of force rotate, the coil 414 is a conductor, further the rotating magnetic lines of force cut the coil 414, and the water flow velocity v is obtained by converting the relationship that the voltage generated by the coil 414 is in direct proportion to the flow velocity; the test range and main technical parameters of the flow rate monitoring assembly 40 are as follows: the flow rate is 0.00-5.00 m/s, and the measurement precision is +/-1.0%. Resolution ratio: the resolution of the output voltage is more than 0.001mv (millivolt); the coil 414 comprises an outer layer insulating thin copper wire and a circular rubber tube, the thin copper wire insulated by an outer skin is wound back and forth on the outer side of the circular rubber tube with a plurality of axial supports in the axial direction of the circular rubber tube, the circular rubber tube and the coil are fixed on the first shell 311 together, the thread ends at two ends of the coil 414 are led out to the fourth data processor 640 along the first shell 311, and the fourth data processor 640 is a flow rate data processor. The magnet group 415 is formed by using bar-shaped permanent magnets, star-shaped permanent magnets are uniformly arranged and fixed in the second shell 410 and correspond to the N-S poles formed by the magnets opposite to each other, two ends of the second shell 410 are connected with freely rotatable bearings 412, inner rings (small rings) of the bearings 412 penetrate through the first shell 311 and are fixed with the first shell in a welding mode, the outer peripheries of outer rings (large rings) of the bearings are fixed with the inner periphery of the second shell 410 in a welding mode, outer side faces of two ends of the second shell 410 are inlaid with colloid waterproof sealing rings, and sealing covers are arranged to serve as sealing mechanisms.

The plurality of propeller blades 416 can drive the second housing 410 to rotate around the first housing 311 and drive the magnet assembly 415 under the impact of water flow, magnetic lines of force can cut the inner conductor of the coil 414, so as to generate voltage, and the fourth data processor 640 receives the real-time voltage, calculates the current water flow velocity v and transmits the current water flow velocity v to the processing terminal 70 for storage and further processing.

After the flow velocity measuring device is installed, the water conservancy test tank is utilized to measure the voltage value output by the flow velocity measuring device under the condition that the set flow velocity at the known measuring point is known, and a v-U relation curve (v: the given flow velocity and U: the voltage value induced by the monitoring device) is established so as to be called in the field test and use of the device. Considering that the device is to be tested and put into operation at a hydrological station at Luo f, the history maximum water depth of the hydrological monitoring section at Luo f is 12.0m, the maximum flow speed is 4.50m/s, and the maximum flow speed at a given point is 5.00m/s and the minimum flow speed is 0.25m/s during the test.

For example, the experimental data are shown in the following table: a comparison analysis test is carried out on the monitoring section of the yellow river Luo port and a commonly used LS25-1 type spinning velocity meter, the maximum flow velocity of the section of the Luo port in the period is 3.41m/s, the flow velocity comparison data range is 0.12-3.40 m/s, and the comparison result is as follows.

And (3) comparing and measuring results: the occasional error for a cumulative frequency of 75% is: 2.04 percent; 2. the occasional error of accumulating the frequency 95% is: 3.90%, 3. the systematic error is: 0.00 (m/s).

TABLE 3 RECORDING TABLE FOR VV-U CURVE TEST DATA OF FLOW RATE MONITORING DEVICE

Serial number	Device output voltage U (m v)	Given a set flow velocity v (m/s)	Supplementary notes
				1	0.00	0.00	The flow rate being given
2	5.08	0.25
				3	9.14	0.45
4	16.29	0.80
				5	20.00	1.00
6	33.57	1.50
				7	44.36	2.00
8	50.41	2.40
				9	60.87	2.80
10	67.18	3.00
				11	69.53	3.20
12	79.17	3.70
				13	88.80	4.00
14	99.25	4.50
				15	110.84	5.00

Table 4 flow rate monitor and common method speed measuring data comparison error statistical table

Referring now to FIG. 3, in one embodiment, a water temperature monitoring assembly 80 includes: a water temperature protection pipe case 510 fixed to the first case 311 and arranged in a length direction of the first case 311; a Pt armor resistor 520 installed in the water temperature protection tube case 510, and partially protruding from the second end of the water temperature protection tube case 510 to contact the river, and measuring a water temperature T; and a third data processor 630 electrically connected to the Pt armor resistor 520 through an electrode wire and configured to transmit the value of the water flow temperature T to the processing terminal 70. Specifically, a platinum resistor is adopted, which is one of the most commonly used thermosensitive elements at present, and the relationship between the resistance value change and the temperature change is stable, the resistance value at 0 ℃ is 100 ohms, and the resistance value at 100 ℃ is about 138.5 ohms. The resistance value of Pt100 increases approximately uniformly with increasing temperature. But the relationship between them is not simply a proportional relationship and should more closely approximate a parabola.

TABLE 5 Pt100 Scale Table

0 degree 100.00 ohm	80 degree 130.90 ohm
		10 degree 103.90 ohm	90 degree 134.71 ohm
20 degree 107.79 ohm	100 degree 138.51 ohm
		30 degree 111.67 ohm	110 degree 142.29 ohm
40 degree 115.54 ohm	120 degree 146.07 ohm
		60 degree 123.24 ohm	140 degree 153.58 ohm
70 degree 127.08 ohm	150 degree 157.33 ohm

A river water temperature monitoring device is developed by utilizing the characteristic that the temperature value of the Pt100 thermal resistor is in change relation with the resistance value. The water temperature monitoring assembly 80 consists of Pt100 sensing elements, namely: pt armor resistance 520: diameter 3mm, length 6 mm); a housing 510, which is equivalent to a protective sleeve and a wire, and a third data processor 630. The third data processor 630 is a water temperature data processor, which receives the resistance value of the Pt armor resistor 520, then resolves the resistance value into a real-time river water temperature, and transmits the real-time river water temperature to the processing terminal 70 for storage and further processing. Design parameters of the river water temperature monitoring device are as follows:

river water temperature measurement range: 8.62-33.44 ℃;

pt100 sensing element (i.e. armor core resistance) geometry: the diameter is 3mm, the length is 6mm, and the distance from the front end of the protective sleeve to the top end of the protective sleeve is not more than 3 mm;

resolution ratio: the resolution of output current is more than 3 muA, and the resolution of actually measured temperature is 0.01 ℃;

communication interface: RS232 standard serial ports;

stability: less than 0.12% FS/year;

a power supply: 24V of working power supply;

load capacity: RL-12/0.02, where U is the loop voltage (V) and RL is the allowed load resistance (Ω); explosion-proof grade: exdIICT 6;

insulation resistance: when the test voltage is 500V at normal temperature, the insulation resistance is more than 100M omega;

the water temperature measuring device was compared with a mercury thermometer at a hydrological station at Luo.

And (3) comparing and measuring results: the occasional error for a cumulative frequency of 75% is: plus or minus 0.07 percent; 2. the occasional error of accumulating the frequency 95% is: plus or minus 0.12 percent; 3. the systematic error is: 0.00 ℃.

Table 6 statistical table for measuring error of water temp. monitoring device

Referring to fig. 1-4, in one embodiment, the method further includes: a first connection portion 320 formed at one side of the first housing 311 near the tail wing 313, perpendicular to the first housing 311, and having a first connection through hole 321 and a second connection through hole 322 at upper and lower ends thereof, respectively; wherein, the first connecting through hole 321 is connected with the second end of the steel wire rope 211.

Referring to fig. 7, in an embodiment, the method further includes: a water surface signal generator 90 mounted on the first housing 311; the first housing 311 has a central axis along its length direction, the water surface signal generator 90 has a positioning line, and the central axis and the positioning line are located in a horizontal plane formed by the central axis and the positioning line.

The water level signal generator 90 includes: an insulating resin base 95; a left copper sheet 91 and a right copper sheet 92 mounted on an insulating resin base 95; a positive lead electrode 93 connected to the left copper sheet 91; a lead negative electrode 94 connected to the right copper sheet 92; the left copper sheet 91 and the right copper sheet 92 are connected with a power-on circuit after being filled with river water, and send a connection signal to the data processing unit 60 through the circuit; the data processing unit 60 may also instruct the counter 517 to start counting based on the on signal.

Referring to fig. 8, in one embodiment, the method further includes: the counterweight fish lead 81 is connected to the second connecting through hole 322 through a rope, and the distance from the counterweight fish lead 81 to the workbench 10 is greater than the distances from the piezoelectric monitoring component 30 and the flow velocity monitoring component 40 to the workbench 10; a signal generator 82 integrated on the weighted lead fish 81. Wherein, the signal generator 82 includes:

an insulating resin river bottom touch plate 821 which is turnably connected below the weight plumb bob 81 through a rotating shaft 822 and a second end of which can be blocked by the bottom of the weight plumb bob 81; one end of the insulating resin river bottom contact plate 821 can be turned over towards the first end of the counterweight fish 81 by taking the rotating shaft 822 as a rotating point; a first conductive copper block 824 fixed to a first end of the insulating resin river bottom contact plate 821; a second conductive copper block 825 fixed to a first end of the weighted lead fish 81 so as to be electrically connected to the first conductive copper block 824 when the insulating resin river bottom touch panel 821 is turned over, and generate a circuit signal, which the data processing unit 60 receives to instruct the counter 517 to stop counting; a river bottom contact plate weight-balancing lead block 828 fixed on the insulating resin river bottom contact plate 821 and arranged adjacent to the first conductive copper block 824; a first conductive copper block positive lead 828 connected to the first conductive copper block 824; a second conductive copper block negative lead 827 is connected to the second conductive copper block 825.

Specifically, when the weighted lead fish 81 of the river sediment monitoring device reaches the river bottom, the weight of the weighted lead fish 81 causes the end of the insulating resin river bottom touch plate 821 with the first conductive copper block 824 to rise and lift around the connecting rotating shaft 822 and collide and contact with the second conductive copper block 825 fixed on the weighted lead fish 81, so that the line current increases suddenly, a signal that the weighted lead fish 81 reaches the river bottom is sent, and the counter 517 stops counting;

when the weighted fish lead 81 leaves the river bottom, the insulating resin river bottom touch plate 821 descends around the connecting rotating shaft 822 under the action of gravity of the river bottom touch plate weighted lead 823, so that the river bottom touch plate weighted lead 823 is provided with the first conductive copper block 824 which is separated from the second conductive copper block 825, the line current is reduced suddenly, and the data processing unit 60 receives a signal that the weighted fish lead 81 is separated from the river bottom due to the fact that the river water has larger conductive resistance than the conductive copper blocks, and further processes the signal according to a subsequent instruction; when the first shell 311 and the monitoring components need to be released to a certain target monitoring point for monitoring, the water surface signal generator 90 is triggered when the axial positions of the first shell 311 and the monitoring components reach the water surface, the water surface signal generator 90 immediately sends a signal for starting counting to the counter 517, and when the water reaches the target monitoring point, the processing unit 60 immediately instructs the motor for driving the wire rope winch to stop working according to the fact that the generated water depth is equal to that of the target monitoring point, and starts receiving and processing of various data. And monitoring the next target monitoring point in such a way until all monitoring work is finished.

Regarding the processing terminal 70, the system software platform Framework is selected, considering the actual situation that the basic-level instrumentation station adopts a computer, considering both advanced technology and development efficiency, and selecting a support NET Framework 4.0. In order to increase the system interface friendliness, a WPF 4.0 framework is selected as a graphical user interface. Procedure mainly uses C^#4.0, XAML, LINQ, Python languages. The database selects a small and convenient relational database SQL Ser v er Compact Edition 4.0. Adopting EntityFramework 6.0 as object relation mapping;

the processing terminal 70, the system data storage saves the data of the sand content Cs calculated according to the first data on the hard disk in the form of a file, in addition, the program is provided with an embedded database, the database is not installed and is directly used for saving data such as g for the gravity acceleration, a coefficient К lookup table, station information and the like, a user only needs to keep and manage a result data file, if the database is lost, only needs to re-input the station information, the result loss is not caused, the system data calculation precision is improved, because the computer adopts binary processing on numerical values, no difference exists between integer processing and decimal processing, but errors exist on decimal processing, in suspended sediment processing, a mode of four rounds and six rounds is adopted, and therefore, a mode of C round is combined in the program^#With the decimal type of TSQL, a NullableDecimol (may be an empty decimal) type is defined.

It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a river silt content automatic monitoring device which characterized in that includes:

the releasing device (20) can be installed at a preset position and is provided with an output end which can be released from the preset position to a target monitoring point in the river;

the output of the release device (20) is integrated with:

the piezoelectric monitoring component (30) is used for acquiring the dynamic water pressure (P) of a target monitoring point in the river;

a flow rate monitoring component (40) to obtain a flow rate (v) of a target monitoring point in the river;

wherein the releasing device (20) comprises a rotatable wire rope winch (210), and the second end of the wire rope winch (210) is used as the output end;

the water depth monitoring assembly (50) is used for acquiring the water depth (h) of a target monitoring point in a river and calculating the water depth (h) by monitoring the number of turns of the steel wire rope winch (210);

the piezoelectric monitoring component (30) can generate a voltage difference under the action of the dynamic water pressure of the river, and the dynamic water pressure (P) of a target monitoring point is obtained based on the voltage difference;

the flow rate monitoring assembly (40) is rotatably arranged on the piezoelectric monitoring assembly (30), is driven to rotate by water flow passing through the piezoelectric monitoring assembly to generate a voltage difference, and obtains the flow rate (v) of a target monitoring point based on the proportional relation between the voltage difference and the flow rate (v);

a water temperature monitoring assembly (80) integrated on the piezoelectric monitoring assembly (30) and configured to monitor a water flow temperature (T) at a target monitoring point in a river; and

the data processing unit (60) is respectively in data transmission connection with the releasing device (20), the piezoelectric monitoring component (30), the flow rate monitoring component (40), the water depth monitoring component (50) and the water temperature monitoring component (80), and receives first data formed by the hydrodynamic pressure (P), the flow rate (v), the water depth (h) and the water temperature (T) of a target monitoring point in the river;

a processing terminal (70) connected to the data processing unit (60) for data transmission;

and the processing terminal (70) calculates according to the first data based on a built-in curing program to obtain the value of the sediment content (Cs) of a certain target monitoring point in the river.

2. The river sediment content automatic monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the preset position is provided with a working platform (10), and the release device (20) is arranged on the working platform (10);

the work platform (10) comprises:

a first platform (11) and a second platform (12) arranged horizontally;

the second end of the first platform (11) is fixedly connected with the first end of the second platform (12);

an open slot (13) is formed between the second end of the first platform (11) and the first end of the second platform (12);

the wire rope winch (210) is positioned above the open slot (13) and is partially installed on the first platform (11) and partially installed on the second platform (12), so that the wire rope (211) of the wire rope winch (210) can pass through the open slot (13);

a mounting frame (14) is obliquely arranged at the bottom of the second platform (12) so that the output end of the releasing device (20) can face the river.

3. The river sediment content automatic monitoring device of claim 2, wherein the water depth monitoring assembly (50) comprises:

a first attachment bracket (511) secured above the first platform (11) and located at a first end of the wire rope winch (210);

a second attachment bracket (512) secured above the second platform (12) and located at a second end of the wire rope winch (210);

the first end frame of the first connecting frame (511) and the first end frame of the second connecting frame (512) are provided with a top bracket (519) which is horizontally arranged;

a third connecting frame (518) which is positioned between the first connecting frame (511) and the second connecting frame (512), and a first end of the third connecting frame (518) is fixedly connected with the lower surface of the top bracket (519);

a photo resistor (513) fixed to the second connection frame (512);

a light emitting diode (514) fixed to the third connection frame (518);

the wire rope winch (210) is provided with a second end, the second end is fixedly connected with a rotary table (515), the third connecting frame (518) is arranged adjacent to the second connecting frame (512), and the rotary table (515) is arranged in the middle;

a through hole (516) opened on the turntable (515);

the light dependent resistor (513) reaches a minimum value when light from the light emitting diode (514) passes through the through hole (516) and is received by the light dependent resistor (513);

a counter (517) electrically connected to the light dependent resistor (513);

when the turntable (515) rotates along with the wire rope winch (210), the counter (517) calculates the number of turns of the wire rope winch (210) by the number of times that the resistance value changes according to whether the photosensitive resistor (513) receives the light of the light-emitting diode (514);

the data processing unit (60) comprises a first data processor (610), wherein the first data processor (610) is electrically connected with the counter (517) and is used for receiving the numerical value of the rotation times of the wire rope winch (210) so as to convert the numerical value into the water depth (h).

4. The automatic river sediment content monitoring device of claim 3, further comprising:

a plurality of small magnets (521) are arranged on the surface of the turntable (515) facing the direction of the second connecting frame (512);

a plurality of small magnets (521) are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the rotary disc (515);

a magnetic switch (522), wherein the magnetic switch (522) is arranged on the second connecting frame (512);

the magnetic switch (522) is electrically connected with the first data processor (610);

when the wire rope winch (210) rotates, the rotating disc (515) rotates along with the wire rope winch and the rotating disc rotate for the same number of turns, when the magnetic switch (522) is opposite to or passes by the small magnet (521), a signal of switching on or switching off is generated, and the number of turns of the rotating disc (515), namely the number of turns of the rotating disc (210), is calculated by the first data processor (610) through receiving the number of times of the signal of switching on or switching off of the magnetic switch (522).

5. The automatic river sediment concentration monitoring device of claim 2, wherein the piezoelectric monitoring assembly (30) comprises:

a first housing (311) arranged horizontally;

a piezoelectric ceramic structure (312) fixedly connected to a first end of the first housing (311) and configured to have an elliptical ball protrusion as a monitoring end;

the piezoelectric ceramic structure (312) is used for generating the voltage difference under the action of the pressure of the river dynamic water;

a balancing tail (313) fixed to a second end of the first housing (311);

an induction electrode wire (314), one end of which is electrically connected with the piezoelectric ceramic structure (312);

and the second data processor (620) is electrically connected with the induction electrode wire (314) and used for resolving the voltage difference into a dynamic water pressure value of a target monitoring point and transmitting the dynamic water pressure value of the target monitoring point to the terminal equipment (70).

6. The automatic river sediment concentration monitoring device of claim 5, wherein the flow rate monitoring assembly (40) comprises:

a second housing (410) which can be sleeved on the periphery of the first housing (311);

wherein, two groups of limiting parts (411) are formed on the periphery of the first shell (311), and the second shell (410) is positioned between the two groups of limiting parts (411) so as to limit the movement of the second shell (410) along the length direction of the first shell;

two groups of bearings (412) are rotatably connected in the second shell (410), the first shell (311) penetrates through the two groups of bearings (412) and is fixedly connected with the inner peripheries of the two groups of bearing inner rings, and the inner periphery of the second shell (410) is fixedly connected with the outer peripheries of the two groups of bearing outer rings;

a void region (413), the void region (413) being formed between an outer periphery of the first housing (311) and an inner periphery of the second housing (410);

a coil (414) disposed at an outer periphery of the first housing (311) and located at the void region (413);

a magnet group (415) arranged in a star shape along an inner circumference of the second housing (410), located in the gap area (413), and corresponding to the coil (414);

when the second shell (410) rotates around the first shell (311), the coil (414) and the magnet group (415) can generate induced potential;

a group of sealing mechanisms are respectively arranged at two ends of the second shell (410) and used for sealing the second shell (410);

a plurality of propeller blades (416) fixed to the outer periphery of the second housing (410);

wherein the coil (414) generates the voltage when the (410) rotates;

and the fourth data processor (640) is used for resolving the proportional relation between the voltage and the flow rate (v) to obtain the flow rate value of a target monitoring point and transmitting the flow rate value of the target monitoring point to the processing terminal (70).

7. The automatic river sediment concentration monitoring device of claim 6, wherein the water temperature monitoring assembly (80) comprises:

a water temperature protection pipe housing (510) fixed to the first housing (311) and arranged in a length direction of the first housing (311);

a Pt armor core resistor (520) which is installed in the water temperature protection pipe shell (510) and partially protrudes out of the second end of the water temperature protection pipe shell (510) to be in contact with the river, and is used for measuring the water flow temperature (T);

and the third data processor (630) is electrically connected with the Pt armor resistor (520) through an electrode lead, and is used for calculating the resistance value sensed to the Pt armor resistor (520) into a numerical value of the water flow temperature and transmitting the numerical value to the processing terminal (70).

8. The automatic river sediment content monitoring device of claim 5, further comprising:

a first connection part (320) formed at one side of the first housing (311) close to the tail wing (313), perpendicular to the first housing (311), and having a first connection through hole (321) and a second connection through hole (322) at upper and lower ends thereof, respectively;

the first connecting through hole (321) is connected with the second end of the steel wire rope (211).

9. The automatic river sediment content monitoring device of claim 5, further comprising:

a water surface signal generator (90) mounted on the first housing (311);

the first shell (311) is provided with a central axis along the length direction, the water surface signal generator (90) is provided with a positioning line, and the central axis and the positioning line are positioned in a horizontal plane formed by the central axis and the positioning line;

the water surface signal generator (90) comprises:

an insulating resin base (95);

a left copper sheet (91) and a right copper sheet (92) mounted on the insulating resin base (95);

a lead positive electrode (93) connected with the left copper sheet (91);

the lead negative electrode (94) is connected with the right copper sheet (92);

the left copper sheet (91) and the right copper sheet (92) are connected with a power-on circuit after being filled with river water, and a connection signal is sent to the data processing unit (60) through the circuit;

the data processing unit (60) may also instruct the counter (517) to start counting based on the on signal.

10. The automatic river sediment content monitoring device of claim 9, further comprising:

the counterweight fish lead (81) is connected to the second connecting through hole (322) through a steel wire rope, and the distance from the counterweight fish lead to the workbench (10) is greater than the distances from the piezoelectric monitoring component (30) and the flow velocity monitoring component (40) to the workbench (10);

a river bottom signal generator (82) integrated on the weighted fish lead (81);

wherein the river bottom signal generator (82) comprises:

an insulating resin river bottom touch plate (821) which is connected below the counterweight fish lead (81) in a turnover way through a rotating shaft (822), and the second end of the insulating resin river bottom touch plate can be blocked by the bottom of the counterweight fish lead (81);

one end of the insulating resin river bottom touch panel (821) can be turned towards the first end direction of the counterweight fish lead (81) by taking the rotating shaft (822) as a rotating point;

a first conductive copper block (824) fixed to a first end of the insulating resin river bottom contact plate (821);

a second conductive copper block (825) fixed to a first end of the weighted lead fish (81) so as to be electrically connected to the first conductive copper block (824) when the insulating resin river bottom touch panel (821) is turned over, and generate a circuit signal, and the data processing unit (60) receives the circuit signal to instruct the counter (517) to stop counting;

a river bottom contact plate counterweight lead block (823) fixed on the insulating resin river bottom contact plate (821) and arranged adjacent to the first conductive copper block (824);

a first conductive copper block positive lead (828) connected to the first conductive copper block (824);

a second conductive copper block negative lead (827) connected to the second conductive copper block (825).