CN110763582A - High-frequency vibration device for nondestructive testing of micro-cracks on surface layer of small-size component - Google Patents
High-frequency vibration device for nondestructive testing of micro-cracks on surface layer of small-size component Download PDFInfo
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- CN110763582A CN110763582A CN201911217491.4A CN201911217491A CN110763582A CN 110763582 A CN110763582 A CN 110763582A CN 201911217491 A CN201911217491 A CN 201911217491A CN 110763582 A CN110763582 A CN 110763582A
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- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 22
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 21
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009662 stress testing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/32—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces
- G01N3/38—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces generated by electromagnetic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0005—Repeated or cyclic
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/005—Electromagnetic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/006—Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture
- G01N2203/0062—Crack or flaws
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/0641—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means using optical, X-ray, ultraviolet, infrared or similar detectors
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Abstract
The high-frequency vibration device for nondestructive testing of the micro cracks on the surface layer of the small-size component comprises a signal generator, a power driver, an electromagnetic vibration exciter, a high-frequency vibration energy amplifying device, a strain gauge and a dynamic strain gauge; the signal generator outputs a sine vibration excitation signal with independent and continuously adjustable amplitude and frequency, and the sine vibration excitation signal is input into the electromagnetic vibration exciter through the power driver; the high-frequency vibration energy amplifying device comprises a workbench, a support table and a connecting rod in a circular truncated cone form, wherein the connecting rod is used for connecting the workbench and the support table; the strain gauge is adhered to the peak residual stress of the small-size component; the first strain gauge is attached along a first principal stress direction of the small-sized member, and the second strain gauge is attached along a second principal stress direction of the small-sized member. The method has the advantage of being capable of detecting the micro cracks on the surface layer of the small-size component by adopting a vibration mode analysis technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nondestructive testing of miniature components, in particular to a high-frequency vibration device for nondestructive testing of micro cracks on the surface layer of a small-size component.
Background
With the rapid development of manufacturing technology, small-sized components are widely applied in the field of mechanical engineering, however, in the process from materials to small-sized components, without the action of various processing techniques and external factors, micro cracks are easily introduced into the surface layer of the small-sized components, and the improvement of the quality of the small-sized components is severely restricted, so that the detection of the small-sized components to determine whether the micro cracks are generated on the surface layer of the small-sized components is an important subject in the research field of the small-sized components, and the subsequent engineering application of the small-sized components is also significant. The detection method of cracks or fissures widely used at present mainly comprises an electron microscope technology, an acoustic emission detection technology, an ultrasonic detection technology and a vibration mode analysis technology. The electron microscope technology firstly prepares a sample when detecting cracks or cracks, then carries out corrosion treatment, and can observe the micro morphology of the small-sized component, and further determines whether the surface layer of the small-sized component has cracks, the micro cracks with the length less than 2mm and the width less than 0.2mm can be observed, and the detection precision is high, but the electron microscope technology belongs to a destructive detection method, in addition, the preparation time required before the experiment is long, and the experiment cost is high. The acoustic emission detection technology belongs to a nondestructive detection technology, can carry out nondestructive detection on small-size components, and in actual detection, an acoustic emission signal is usually weak and is easily interfered by external factors, so that the detection precision is reduced. The ultrasonic detection technology also belongs to a nondestructive detection technology, can carry out nondestructive detection on small-size components, is insensitive to micro cracks generated by early fatigue damage of materials, and reduces the detection precision. The vibration mode analysis technology generally adopts a force hammer excitation mode to acquire vibration state information of a component, and then analyzes the acquired signals to acquire the vibration state information of the component under multiple frequencies, so that the defect-free and defect position of the component can be judged according to the vibration state information, but the vibration energy of the component is distributed on the multiple frequencies, so that the vibration energy under each frequency is limited, and particularly the vibration energy under high-order frequencies is weak, so that the detection precision is reduced, and meanwhile, the detection can only be performed on defects with larger sizes (such as cracks). However, from the perspective of vibration theory, the vibration mode analysis technology has feasibility of detecting the microcracks, however, the existing excitation equipment has either too low output frequency which is far smaller than the resonance frequency of the small-sized component (the resonance frequency of the small-sized component is above 1kHz or even higher), or the output vibration energy is limited, so that the amplitude of the vibration signal output after the excitation processing is performed on the small-sized component is very weak, and the effective detection cannot be performed, especially the detection effect on the microcracks is very limited, even the microcracks cannot be detected, and how to provide a high-frequency vibration device for nondestructive detection of the microcracks on the surface layer of the small-sized component has become an important subject in the research field of detecting the microcracks of the small-sized component by the vibration mode analysis technology. Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the high-frequency vibration device for nondestructive testing of the microcracks on the surface layer of the small-size component, which can realize nondestructive testing of the microcracks of the small-size component by adopting a vibration mode analysis technology.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defect that the micro cracks of the small-size component cannot be detected by a vibration mode analysis technology in the prior art, the invention provides the high-frequency vibration device for nondestructively detecting the micro cracks on the surface layer of the small-size component, which can output large vibration energy and achieve the purpose of detecting the micro cracks on the surface layer of the small-size component by adopting the vibration mode analysis technology.
The high-frequency vibration device for nondestructive testing of the micro cracks on the surface layer of the small-size component comprises a signal generator, a power driver, an electromagnetic vibration exciter, a high-frequency vibration energy amplifying device, a strain gauge and a dynamic strain gauge; the signal generator outputs a sine vibration excitation signal with independent and continuously adjustable amplitude and frequency, and the sine vibration excitation signal is input into the electromagnetic vibration exciter through the power driver;
the high-frequency vibration energy amplifying device is fixed on a vibration exciting table surface of the electromagnetic vibration exciter moving part and comprises a workbench for mounting a small-size component, a supporting table fixed on the vibration exciting table surface of the electromagnetic vibration exciter moving part and a connecting rod in a circular truncated cone form for connecting the workbench and the supporting table; the maximum cross-sectional area of the connecting rod in the circular truncated cone form is smaller than that of the workbench, and the maximum cross-sectional area of the connecting rod in the circular truncated cone form is smaller than that of the support table; the length of the connecting rod in the form of the circular truncated cone is greater than the thickness of the workbench, and the length of the connecting rod in the form of the circular truncated cone is greater than the thickness of the supporting table; the small end of the connecting rod in the form of a circular truncated cone is connected with the workbench, and the large end of the connecting rod in the form of a circular truncated cone is connected with the supporting table;
the small-size component is arranged on the upper surface of the workbench, the strain gauge is adhered to the small-size component, and the output end of the strain gauge is connected with the input end of the dynamic strain gauge; the small-sized member has a size smaller than the diameter of the table to ensure that the surface of the small-sized member in contact with the table is entirely located on the upper surface of the table. The workbench and the supporting platform are both cylinders.
Furthermore, the electromagnetic vibration exciter is a high-frequency vibration exciter and is used for generating high-frequency vibration with the excitation frequency greater than 1kHz, and the highest excitation frequency of the electromagnetic vibration exciter can reach 10 kHz.
Furthermore, the dynamic strain gauge is a high-precision multi-channel strain gauge capable of displaying strain waveforms in real time.
Further, the strain gauge is pasted at the peak residual stress position of the small-size component, wherein the first strain gauge is pasted along the first main stress direction of the small-size component, and the second strain gauge is pasted along the second main stress direction of the small-size component. The small-size component can generate residual stress on the surface layer of the small-size component under the action of a machining and manufacturing process and external factors, the distribution state of the residual stress of the surface layer of the small-size component can be obtained through an X-ray diffraction method (the X-ray diffraction method belongs to a nondestructive residual stress testing method), and the position of the peak residual stress is determined. The peak position of the residual stress is a dangerous area where the small-sized member is broken in use, and microcracks are most likely to occur in this area. The first principal stress and the second principal stress direction of the small-sized member can be obtained by the method of X-ray diffraction.
Specifically, the small-size component is installed on the upper surface of the workbench, high-frequency vibration processing is carried out on the small-size component under the resonance frequency of the high-frequency vibration energy amplification device, the dynamic strain gauge collects the dynamic strain signals of the small-size component, and if micro cracks exist on the surface layer of the small-size component, the amplitude of the dynamic strain signals collected by the dynamic strain gauge changes suddenly. When the high-frequency vibration processing is carried out under the resonance frequency of the high-frequency vibration energy amplifying device, the high-frequency vibration energy amplifying device can output larger vibration energy, so that the precision of detecting the micro cracks on the surface layer of the small-size component by using a vibration mode analysis technology is improved.
The technical conception of the invention is as follows: the high-frequency vibration device for nondestructive testing of the micro cracks on the surface layer of the small-size component is composed of a signal generator, a power driver, an electromagnetic vibration exciter, a high-frequency vibration energy amplifying device, a strain gauge and a dynamic strain gauge; the high-frequency vibration energy amplifying device is fixed on a vibration exciting table surface of the electromagnetic vibration exciter moving part and comprises a workbench for mounting a small-size component, a supporting table fixed on the vibration exciting table surface of the electromagnetic vibration exciter moving part and a connecting rod in a circular truncated cone form for connecting the workbench and the supporting table; the signal generator outputs a high-frequency excitation signal, the high-frequency excitation signal is amplified by the power driver and then is input into the electromagnetic vibration exciter, and the electromagnetic vibration exciter is driven to generate high-frequency vibration; the small-size component is arranged on the upper surface of the workbench; the strain gauge is pasted at the peak residual stress position of the small-size component, and when micro cracks exist on the surface layer of the small-size component, the amplitude of a dynamic strain signal acquired by the dynamic strain gauge changes suddenly. When the high-frequency vibration processing is carried out under the resonance frequency of the high-frequency vibration energy amplifying device, the high-frequency vibration energy amplifying device can output larger vibration energy, so that the precision of detecting the micro cracks on the surface layer of the small-size component by using a vibration mode analysis technology is improved.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the small-sized component is subjected to high-frequency vibration treatment under the resonance frequency of the high-frequency vibration energy amplification device, so that the vibration energy output by the electromagnetic vibration exciter can be amplified, namely, the vibration energy acting on the small-sized component is improved, the amplitude of a strain signal acquired by the strain gauge can be improved, and the detection of the surface layer microcracks of the small-sized component by a vibration mode analysis technology becomes possible.
2. The invention takes the high-frequency vibration energy amplifying device of the connecting rod in the form of the circular truncated cone as the basic component of the high-frequency vibration device, because compared with the high-frequency vibration amplitude amplifying device of the cylindrical connecting rod with the equal section, the connecting rod in the form of the circular truncated cone adopted by the invention can reduce the mass of the high-frequency vibration energy amplifying device under the condition that the large end surface has the same diameter with the cylindrical connecting rod with the equal section, and is beneficial to the excitation of a high-frequency vibration system, because the driving capability of an electromagnetic vibration exciter is limited, the larger the mass of the additional high-frequency vibration energy amplifying device is, the more difficult the high-frequency vibration system generates high-frequency vibration, compared with the high-frequency vibration amplitude amplifying device of the stepped cylindrical connecting rod, the connecting rod in the form of the circular truncated cone adopted by the invention can reduce stress concentration, and is beneficial to, the service life of the high-frequency vibration energy amplifying device is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a high-frequency vibration apparatus for nondestructively inspecting micro-cracks on the surface layer of a small-sized member.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a high frequency vibrational energy amplifying apparatus.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings:
the high-frequency vibration device for nondestructive testing of the micro cracks on the surface layer of the small-size component comprises a signal generator, a power driver, an electromagnetic vibration exciter, a high-frequency vibration energy amplifying device 3, a strain gauge and a dynamic strain gauge; the signal generator outputs a sine vibration excitation signal with independent and continuously adjustable amplitude and frequency, and the sine vibration excitation signal is input into the electromagnetic vibration exciter through the power driver;
the high-frequency vibration energy amplifying device 3 is fixed on the excitation table surface 5 of the electromagnetic type exciter moving part 4, and the high-frequency vibration energy amplifying device 3 comprises a workbench 31 for mounting the small-size component 1, a support table 33 fixed on the excitation table surface 5 of the electromagnetic type exciter moving part 4 and a connecting rod 32 in the form of a circular truncated cone for connecting the workbench 31 and the support table 33; the maximum cross-sectional area of the circular truncated cone-shaped connecting rod 32 is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the worktable 31, and the maximum cross-sectional area of the circular truncated cone-shaped connecting rod 32 is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the support table 33; the length of the circular truncated cone-shaped connecting rod 32 is greater than the thickness of the worktable 31, and the length of the circular truncated cone-shaped connecting rod 32 is greater than the thickness of the supporting table 33; the small end of the connecting rod 32 in the form of a circular truncated cone is connected with the workbench 31, and the large end of the connecting rod 32 in the form of a circular truncated cone is connected with the support table 33;
the small-size component 1 is arranged on the upper surface of the workbench 31, the strain gauge is adhered to the small-size component 1, and the output end of the strain gauge is connected with the input end of the dynamic strain gauge; the small-sized member 1 has a size smaller than the diameter of the table 31 to ensure that the surface of the small-sized member 1 in contact with the table 31 is entirely located on the upper surface of the table 31. The worktable 31 and the support bench 33 are both cylinders.
Furthermore, the electromagnetic vibration exciter is a high-frequency vibration exciter and is used for generating high-frequency vibration with the excitation frequency greater than 1kHz, and the highest excitation frequency of the electromagnetic vibration exciter can reach 10 kHz.
Furthermore, the dynamic strain gauge is a high-precision multi-channel strain gauge capable of displaying strain waveforms in real time.
Further, the strain gauge is adhered to the peak residual stress of the small-sized member 1, wherein the first strain gauge 21 is adhered along the first main stress direction of the small-sized member 1, and the second strain gauge 22 is adhered along the second main stress direction of the small-sized member 1. The small-sized component 1 can generate residual stress on the surface layer of the small-sized component 1 under the action of a machining and manufacturing process and external factors, the distribution state of the residual stress on the surface layer of the small-sized component 1 can be obtained through an X-ray diffraction method (the X-ray diffraction method belongs to a nondestructive residual stress testing method), and the position of the peak residual stress is determined. The peak position of the residual stress is a dangerous region where the small-sized member 1 is broken in use, and microcracks are most likely to occur in this region. The first principal stress and the second principal stress direction of the small-sized member 1 can be obtained by the method of X-ray diffraction.
Specifically, the small-sized member 1 is mounted on the upper surface of the table 31, the small-sized member 1 is subjected to high-frequency vibration processing at the resonance frequency of the high-frequency vibration energy amplification device 3, the dynamic strain gauge collects the dynamic strain signal of the small-sized member 1, and if micro cracks exist on the surface layer of the small-sized member 1, the amplitude of the dynamic strain signal collected by the dynamic strain gauge changes abruptly. When the high-frequency vibration processing is performed at the resonance frequency of the high-frequency vibration energy amplifying device 3, the high-frequency vibration energy amplifying device 3 can output large vibration energy, so that the precision of detecting the micro cracks on the surface layer of the small-size component 1 by using the vibration mode analysis technology is improved.
The embodiments described in this specification are merely illustrative of implementations of the inventive concept and the scope of the present invention should not be considered limited to the specific forms set forth in the embodiments but rather by the equivalents thereof as may occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the present inventive concept.
Claims (4)
1. A high-frequency vibration device for nondestructive test small-size component top layer microcrack, its characterized in that: the device comprises a signal generator, a power driver, an electromagnetic vibration exciter, a high-frequency vibration energy amplifying device, a strain gauge and a dynamic strain gauge; the signal generator outputs a sine vibration excitation signal with independent and continuously adjustable amplitude and frequency, and the sine vibration excitation signal is input into the electromagnetic vibration exciter through the power driver;
the high-frequency vibration energy amplifying device is fixed on a vibration exciting table surface of the electromagnetic vibration exciter moving part and comprises a workbench for mounting a small-size component, a supporting table fixed on the vibration exciting table surface of the electromagnetic vibration exciter moving part and a connecting rod in a circular truncated cone form for connecting the workbench and the supporting table; the maximum cross-sectional area of the connecting rod in the circular truncated cone form is smaller than that of the workbench, and the maximum cross-sectional area of the connecting rod in the circular truncated cone form is smaller than that of the support table; the length of the connecting rod in the form of the circular truncated cone is greater than the thickness of the workbench, and the length of the connecting rod in the form of the circular truncated cone is greater than the thickness of the supporting table; the small end of the connecting rod in the form of a circular truncated cone is connected with the workbench, and the large end of the connecting rod in the form of a circular truncated cone is connected with the supporting table;
the small-size component is arranged on the upper surface of the workbench, the strain gauge is adhered to the small-size component, and the output end of the strain gauge is connected with the input end of the dynamic strain gauge; the small-sized member has a size smaller than the diameter of the table to ensure that the surface of the small-sized member in contact with the table is entirely located on the upper surface of the table.
2. The high-frequency vibration apparatus for nondestructive testing of microcracks in the surface layer of a small-size member as recited in claim 1, wherein: the electromagnetic vibration exciter is a high-frequency vibration exciter and is used for generating high-frequency vibration with the excitation frequency greater than 1kHz, and the highest excitation frequency can reach 10 kHz.
3. The high-frequency vibration apparatus for nondestructive testing of microcracks in the surface layer of a small-size member as recited in claim 1, wherein: the dynamic strain gauge is a high-precision multi-channel strain gauge capable of displaying strain waveforms in real time.
4. The high-frequency vibration apparatus for nondestructive testing of microcracks in the surface layer of a small-size member as recited in claim 1, wherein: the strain gauge is pasted at the peak residual stress position of the small-size component, wherein the first strain gauge is pasted along the first main stress direction of the small-size component, and the second strain gauge is pasted along the second main stress direction of the small-size component.
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| CN110849973A (en) * | 2019-12-03 | 2020-02-28 | 上海海事大学 | High-frequency vibration system and method for nondestructive testing of micro-cracks on surface layer of small-size component |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110849973A (en) * | 2019-12-03 | 2020-02-28 | 上海海事大学 | High-frequency vibration system and method for nondestructive testing of micro-cracks on surface layer of small-size component |
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