CN110763333A - Ultra-wideband quasi-optical 2 x 2 pixel superconducting thermal electronic mixer array receiver - Google Patents
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Abstract
The ultra-wide band quasi-light type 2 multiplied by 2 pixel superconducting thermal electronic mixer array receiver comprises a terahertz waveband local oscillation signal source, a focusing lens, a wave beam splitter, a superconducting thermal electronic mixer array, a low-temperature low-noise amplifier, a normal-temperature intermediate-frequency amplifier, a power meter, a multi-channel direct-current bias power supply and a control computer. The superconductive hot electron mixer array is composed of an integrated lens array and an integrated superconductive hot electron mixer chip array, the working bandwidth can reach 0.15-5THz, and the coupling efficiency in the full frequency band is higher than 90%. According to the invention, a local oscillator signal beam splitting structure is not needed, a local oscillator signal output by a terahertz waveband local oscillator signal source is converged by a specially designed lens and then is accessed to a focal plane of the super-thermal conductivity electronic mixer array, and local oscillator signal power is provided for all pixels, and the beam waist position and size of a local oscillator signal beam are adjusted by the lens, so that the local oscillator signal beam just covers all pixels in the super-thermal conductivity electronic mixer array, thus an additional local oscillator signal beam splitting structure is abandoned, and the system is simplified.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of superconducting thermionic mixer array receivers, and particularly relates to an ultra-wideband quasi-optical 2 x 2 pixel superconducting thermionic mixer array receiver and a terahertz wave signal detection method based on the same.
Background
The terahertz waveband is between microwave and infrared, and is a unique waveband for researching interplanetary medium, formation and evolution of galaxies, extraterrestrial planet atmosphere and origin of cosmic life. These leading-edge scientific problems have been studied by observing "probe" molecules in an observed object with high frequency resolution to understand the information on the composition, abundance, density, temperature, etc. of the gas. The star formation process involves very complex interaction among various physical processes, and the understanding of the star formation mechanism can be promoted through the combined observation of terahertz, terahertz wave and radio wave bands. The terahertz waveband astronomical observation has very important scientific significance for researching the life evolution cycle of an interplanetary medium, the planet formation and the black hole in the original planet disk. In fact, a series of international important astronomical observations, such as cosmic microwave background radiation, extraterrestrial planets, gravitational waves and the like, are closely related to the technical progress of observation equipment, particularly the high-sensitivity detector technology. A series of ground and space terahertz astronomical plans have been proposed and established internationally, such as a ground maximum interference array ALMA, a Herschel space astronomical satellite, an APEX ground terahertz telescope, an SOFIA airborne stratosphere astronomical stage, a ground maximum single-caliber millimeter wave telescope LMT, a next-generation space far infrared telescope OST, a chinese south-pole astronomical stage, and the like. The high sensitivity, high frequency resolution detectors required for these programs are superconducting tunnel junction mixers and superconducting thermionic mixers. The terahertz frequency mixer converts the terahertz signal to be detected to a lower intermediate frequency (GHz) under the action of the local oscillation reference signal so as to facilitate analysis and processing of back-end equipment, and amplitude and phase information of the original signal are reserved. The superconducting tunnel junction mixer realizes frequency mixing by using quasi-particle tunneling effect, the sensitivity reaches the sub-noise limit of 3-5 times, but the working frequency of the superconducting tunnel junction mixer is limited by the energy gap of a superconducting material and can only work below 1THz frequency generally. Beyond 1THz, the only candidate currently known is the super-conducting thermo-electronic mixer. The sensitivity of the superconducting thermionic mixer reaches the sub-noise limit of 10 times in the whole terahertz frequency band, and the individual frequency point even breaks through the sub-noise limit of 5 times. Unlike superconducting tunnel junction mixers, superconducting thermionic mixers do not have the limitation of the band gap frequency and can theoretically operate to their plasma frequency (up to 100 THz). The super-thermal conductive electronic mixer can be divided into a waveguide type and a quasi-optical type according to different coupling modes of radio frequency signals. The waveguide type superconducting thermionic mixer has better beam characteristics, but has a limited radio frequency bandwidth and is too expensive to process. The quasi-optical type superconductive thermionic mixer can realize good beam characteristics and larger radio frequency bandwidth through precise antenna design, is simple to process, and is a main application type at present.
At present, most terahertz heterodyne receivers adopt a single-pixel superconducting mixer to observe two linearly polarized signals of a molecular spectral line. To further improve the observation efficiency, the development from a single receiving unit to multiple receiving units (i.e. multi-pixel focal plane arrays, or focal plane arrays) has been started in the last 80 th century. Compared with a single-pixel receiver, the multi-pixel receiver has great advantages in the aspect of improving the observation efficiency, and mainly shows that: firstly, the mapping rate is increased, and the mapping rate of the multi-pixel receiver with one n × m pixel can be increased to n × m times of a single pixel; secondly, the quality (consistency) of mapping data is improved, and it is known that when terahertz wave band signals are detected, the weather change in tens of seconds generally has a significant influence on observation data acquired by a receiving system, and an nxm receiving unit acquires different spatial position data at the same time, so that the quality is obviously better than that of a single receiving unit which acquires nxm data by scanning at different times. In a word, when comparing observation data acquired by a single-pixel receiving system and a multi-pixel superconducting receiving system, the method has obvious improvement in both 'quantity' and 'quality', and is particularly important in application occasions where the receiving system is severely limited by other factors (such as weather or service cycle). Therefore, the detection technology based on the multi-pixel superconducting receiving system will become the main terahertz wave signal detection means in the future.
At present, the international superconducting thermal electronic mixing system based on multiple pixels is only an UpGREAT array mixer developed by German Kelong university for an SOFIA airborne stratosphere astronomical table, and comprises a superconducting thermal electronic mixer array with 2 multiplied by 7 pixels in two frequency bands of 1.9THz and 4.7 THz. The array mixer adopts the superconducting thermoelectricity mixer with a waveguide structure, so that the array mixer is complex in structure, high in power consumption and not beneficial to scale expansion. Local oscillator power distribution is an important component forming a multi-pixel mixer, and is usually achieved internationally in a mode of cascade beam separation or Fourier grating reflection at present, but both methods introduce an additional beam separation device, so that the structure of the whole receiving system is more complex.
At present, a multi-pixel array mixer based on a quasi-optical superconductive hot electron mixer is not realized.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides an ultra-wideband quasi-light type 2X 2 pixel superconducting thermal electronic mixer array receiver.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
ultra wide band quasi-optical 2 x 2 pixel superconductive thermal electronic mixer array receiver, characterized by, including: the terahertz waveband local oscillator signal source, the focusing lens, the beam splitter, the superconductive thermal electronic mixer array, the low-temperature low-noise amplifier, the normal-temperature intermediate-frequency amplifier, the power meter, the multichannel direct-current bias source and the control computer, wherein the 4K closed-loop refrigeration system provides a low-temperature working environment for the superconductive thermal electronic mixer array and the low-temperature low-noise amplifier; the local oscillation signal output by the terahertz waveband local oscillation signal source is converged by a focusing lens and then is accessed to a beam splitter, the beam splitter transmits a signal to be measured during superheterodyne frequency mixing and reflects a terahertz waveband local oscillation signal, and transmitted to a superconducting thermionic mixer array, which performs frequency mixing processing on the signal to be measured and the local oscillator signal, the low-temperature low-noise amplifier is connected between the output end of the superconducting thermionic mixer array and the normal-temperature intermediate-frequency amplifier, the intermediate-frequency signal output by the superconducting thermionic mixer array is input into the low-temperature low-noise amplifier for first-stage amplification, then input into the normal-temperature intermediate-frequency amplifier for further amplification, and finally input into the power meter for measurement, the control computer collects measurement data of the power meter and controls a multi-channel DC bias source for providing DC bias to the superconducting thermal electronic mixer array.
In order to optimize the technical scheme, the specific measures adopted further comprise:
furthermore, local oscillation signals output by the terahertz waveband local oscillation signal source are converged by the focusing lens and then enter the beam splitter, and are reflected by the beam splitter and then enter a focal plane of the superconducting thermal electronic mixer array, so that local oscillation signal power is provided for all pixels.
Furthermore, the focusing lens just covers all pixels in the super-thermal conductivity electronic mixer array by adjusting the beam waist position and size of the local oscillator signal beam, so that an additional local oscillator signal beam splitting structure is abandoned.
Furthermore, the superconducting thermionic mixer array is composed of an integrated lens array and an integrated superconducting thermionic mixer chip array, the lens array is directly processed by a single high-resistance silicon and is a 2 x 2 array composed of four ellipsoidal lenses, the superconducting thermionic mixer chip array is prepared by a single superconducting niobium nitride film, the four superconducting thermionic mixer chips form a 2 x 2 array, and the ellipsoidal lenses converge incident beams to the corresponding superconducting thermionic mixer chips.
Furthermore, the superconducting thermionic mixer chip is composed of a planar spiral antenna and a superconducting NbN microbridge film.
Further, the operating bandwidth of the superconducting thermionic mixer array is 0.15-5THz, and the coupling efficiency of the superconducting thermionic mixer array in the whole frequency band is higher than 90%.
Further, the incidence directions of the signal to be measured and the local oscillator signal form an angle of 45 degrees with the plane normal of the beam splitter.
Further, the terahertz waveband local oscillation signal source adopts a millimeter waveband solid local oscillation source and a frequency multiplication amplification mode; the beam splitter used was a 13 μm Myler film having a high transmission characteristic in the terahertz band.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the super-wide working bandwidth (0.15-5 THz) is realized by adopting the design of a quasi-light type super-conduction electronic mixer;
2. by adopting a compact lens antenna array design, the local oscillator signals directly act on the super-thermal conductivity electronic mixers of all pixels without introducing an additional local oscillator signal beam splitting structure;
3. by adopting the integrated lens array and the integrated superconducting heat electronic mixer chip array, the installation difficulty of the mixer array is simplified, and the consistency of the performance of each pixel is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a 2X 2 superconducting thermionic mixer array receiver system of the present invention.
Fig. 2a and 2b are schematic diagrams of the front and back angles, respectively, of a 2 x 2 superconducting thermionic mixer array of the present invention.
Fig. 3a and 3b are impedance and coupling efficiency plots, respectively, of the ultra-wideband antenna of the present invention as a function of operating frequency.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The ultra-wideband quasi-optical 2 × 2 multi-pixel superconducting thermionic mixer array receiver shown in fig. 1 is composed of a terahertz waveband local oscillation signal source 1, a focusing lens 2, a beam splitter 3, a superconducting thermionic mixer array 4, a low-temperature low-noise amplifier 5, a normal-temperature amplifier 6, a power meter 7, a multi-channel direct-current bias source 8 and a control computer 9. The terahertz waveband local oscillation signal source 1 adopts a millimeter waveband solid local oscillation source and a frequency multiplication amplification mode, the beam splitter 3 adopts a 13-micrometer Myler film with high transmission characteristic in the terahertz waveband, and the low-temperature low-noise amplifier 5 adopts a low-noise amplifier integrating MMIC technology. The layout of the 2 x 2 pixel superconducting detector adopts a square array which is easy to realize by a process, simultaneously considers the compact structure, and ensures that main beams of an antenna (integrated in the superconducting detector) far-field radiation pattern of each pixel are not overlapped to ensure that the interference of a receiving signal by adjacent pixels is as low as possible. The superconducting thermion mixer with a single pixel adopts a mode of combining a planar antenna with a high-resistance silicon ellipsoid lens to couple terahertz signals, and adopts a planar spiral antenna structure to realize an ultra-wide working bandwidth of 0.15-5 THz. In addition, the 4K closed loop refrigeration system provides a low temperature operating environment for the superconducting thermionic mixer array 4 and the low temperature low noise amplifier 5.
The local oscillation signal output by the terahertz waveband local oscillation signal source 1 is converged by the focusing lens 2 and then enters the beam splitter 3, and is reflected by the beam splitter 3 and then enters the focal plane of the superconducting thermion mixer array 4. In the invention, the beam waist position and size of the local oscillator signal beam are adjusted by the specially designed focusing lens 2, so that the local oscillator signal beam just covers all pixels in the superconducting thermionic mixer array 4, thereby abandoning an additional local oscillator signal beam splitting structure and simplifying the whole receiver system. The beam splitter 2 simultaneously transmits the signal to be measured required during superheterodyne mixing to the superconducting thermo-electronic mixer array 4.
The superconducting thermionic mixer array 4 consists of two parts, namely a high-resistance silicon ellipsoidal lens 12 and a superconducting thermionic mixer chip 13, and the design of an integrated silicon lens array 10 and an integrated superconducting thermionic mixer chip array 11 is adopted in the invention. Compared with the traditional integration mode that the single-pixel silicon lens and the superconducting thermoelectronic mixer chip are assembled firstly and then four pixels are carried out, the design simplifies the installation difficulty of the mixer array and improves the performance consistency of all pixels.
The superconducting thermionic mixer chip 13 is composed of a planar helical antenna and a superconducting NbN microbridge film, wherein the planar helical antenna has a signal coupling function and determines the working bandwidth of the electronic mixer. In the invention, an ultra-wideband planar helical antenna with the working bandwidth covering 0.15-5THz is designed, the impedance of the ultra-wideband planar helical antenna shown in figure 3 is about 75-90 ohms in the whole frequency band, the admittance is basically 0, and the calculated coupling efficiency in the whole frequency band is higher than 90%.
The steps of the terahertz waveband coherent detection of the ultra-wideband quasi-optical 2 × 2 pixel superconducting thermionic mixer array receiver in fig. 1 are as follows:
1) the signal to be measured is transmitted by the beam splitter 3, the terahertz waveband local oscillation signal with the required frequency and power set well is reflected by the beam splitter 3, and the incident direction of the signal to be measured and the terahertz waveband local oscillation signal forms an angle of 45 degrees with the plane normal of the beam splitter 3, so that the signal to be measured has better transmittance, meanwhile, the reflectivity of the terahertz waveband local oscillation signal is considered, and the signal to be measured and the terahertz waveband local oscillation signal are converged together to enter the superconducting thermionic mixer array 4.
2) The signal to be measured and the local oscillator signal enter the superconducting thermal electronic mixer array 4 to be mixed to obtain an intermediate frequency signal, and the intermediate frequency signal simultaneously reserves the frequency and amplitude information of the original signal.
3) The intermediate frequency signal is firstly amplified by a low-temperature low-noise amplifier 5, and then high-resolution frequency spectrum processing is carried out by a normal-temperature intermediate frequency amplifier 6, a power meter 7 and a control computer 9, so that signal coherent detection of a terahertz waveband of the multi-pixel superconducting receiving system is completed, namely narrow-band high-resolution signal frequency spectrum analysis.
It should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "back", etc. used in the present invention are for clarity of description only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and the relative relationship between the terms and the terms is not limited by the technical contents of the essential changes.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. Ultra wide band quasi-optical 2 x 2 pixel superconductive thermal electronic mixer array receiver, characterized by, including: the terahertz waveband local oscillation signal source (1), the focusing lens (2), the beam splitter (3), the superconducting thermionic mixer array (4), the low-temperature low-noise amplifier (5), the normal-temperature intermediate-frequency amplifier (6), the power meter (7), the multi-channel direct current bias source (8) and the control computer (9), wherein the 4K closed-loop refrigeration system provides a low-temperature working environment for the superconducting thermionic mixer array (4) and the low-temperature low-noise amplifier (5); local oscillation signals output by the terahertz waveband local oscillation signal source (1) are converged by the focusing lens (2) and then are connected to the wave beam splitter (3), the wave beam splitter (3) transmits signals to be detected during superheterodyne frequency mixing and reflects the terahertz waveband local oscillation signals and transmits the signals to the superconducting thermionic mixer array (4), the superconducting thermionic mixer array (4) performs frequency mixing processing on the signals to be detected and the local oscillation signals, the low-temperature low-noise amplifier (5) is connected between the output end of the superconducting thermionic mixer array (4) and the normal-temperature intermediate-frequency amplifier (6), intermediate-frequency signals output by the superconducting thermionic mixer array (4) are input to the low-temperature low-noise amplifier (5) for first-stage amplification, then are input to the normal-temperature intermediate-frequency amplifier (6) for further amplification, and finally are input to the power meter (7) for measurement, the control computer (9) collects measurement data of the power meter (7) and controls the multichannel ) The multichannel DC bias source (8) is used for providing DC bias to the superconducting thermionic mixer array (4).
2. The ultra-wideband quasi-optical 2 x 2 pixel super-thermal conduction electronic mixer array receiver of claim 1, wherein: local oscillation signals output by the terahertz waveband local oscillation signal source (1) are converged by the focusing lens (2) and then are connected to the beam splitter (3), and then are reflected by the beam splitter (3) and then are incident to a focal plane of the superconductive thermo-electronic mixer array (4), so that local oscillation signal power is provided for all pixels.
3. The ultra-wideband quasi-optical 2 x 2 pixel super-thermal conduction electronic mixer array receiver of claim 2, wherein: the focusing lens (2) just covers all pixels in the superconducting thermionic mixer array (4) by adjusting the beam waist position and size of the local oscillator signal beam, so that an additional local oscillator signal beam splitting structure is abandoned.
4. The ultra-wideband quasi-optical 2 x 2 pixel super-thermal conduction electronic mixer array receiver of claim 1, wherein: the superconducting thermionic mixer array (4) is composed of an integrated lens array (10) and an integrated superconducting thermionic mixer chip array (11), the lens array (10) is formed by directly processing a single piece of high-resistance silicon and is a 2 x 2 array composed of four ellipsoidal lenses (12), the superconducting thermionic mixer chip array (11) is prepared by a single piece of superconducting niobium nitride film, the four superconducting thermionic mixer chips (13) form a 2 x 2 array, and incident beams are converged to the corresponding superconducting thermionic mixer chips (13) by the ellipsoidal lenses (12).
5. The ultra-wideband quasi-optical 2 x 2 pixel super-thermal conduction electronic mixer array receiver of claim 4, wherein: the superconducting thermionic mixer chip (13) is composed of a planar spiral antenna and a superconducting NbN microbridge film.
6. The ultra-wideband quasi-optical 2 x 2 pixel super-thermal conduction electronic mixer array receiver of claim 1, wherein: the working bandwidth of the superconducting thermionic mixer array (4) is 0.15-5THz, and the coupling efficiency of the superconducting thermionic mixer array in the whole frequency band is higher than 90%.
7. The ultra-wideband quasi-optical 2 x 2 pixel super-thermal conduction electronic mixer array receiver of claim 1, wherein: the incidence directions of the signal to be measured and the local oscillator signal form an angle of 45 degrees with the plane normal of the beam splitter (3).
8. The ultra-wideband quasi-optical 2 x 2 pixel super-thermal conduction electronic mixer array receiver of claim 1, wherein: the terahertz waveband local oscillation signal source (1) adopts a millimeter waveband solid local oscillation source and a frequency multiplication mode; the beam splitter (3) uses a 13-micron Myler film having a high transmission characteristic in the terahertz band.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115265769A (en) * | 2022-05-13 | 2022-11-01 | 中国科学院紫金山天文台 | Terahertz graphene Josephson junction detection system based on microwave resonance circuit readout |
| CN115664346A (en) * | 2022-10-12 | 2023-01-31 | 北京博瑞微电子科技有限公司 | Mixer array, mixer, transmitter and receiver |
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| CN115265769A (en) * | 2022-05-13 | 2022-11-01 | 中国科学院紫金山天文台 | Terahertz graphene Josephson junction detection system based on microwave resonance circuit readout |
| CN115265769B (en) * | 2022-05-13 | 2023-09-29 | 中国科学院紫金山天文台 | Terahertz graphene Josephson junction detection system |
| WO2023216681A1 (en) * | 2022-05-13 | 2023-11-16 | 中国科学院紫金山天文台 | Terahertz graphene josephson junction detection system based on microwave resonant circuit readout |
| CN115664346A (en) * | 2022-10-12 | 2023-01-31 | 北京博瑞微电子科技有限公司 | Mixer array, mixer, transmitter and receiver |
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