CN110763161B - Three-dimensional reconstruction data acquisition system based on intensity transmission equation - Google Patents

Three-dimensional reconstruction data acquisition system based on intensity transmission equation Download PDF

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CN110763161B
CN110763161B CN201911159420.3A CN201911159420A CN110763161B CN 110763161 B CN110763161 B CN 110763161B CN 201911159420 A CN201911159420 A CN 201911159420A CN 110763161 B CN110763161 B CN 110763161B
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ccd
guide rail
circular guide
rotary circular
controllable rotary
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CN110763161A (en
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程鸿
张晓龙
刘勇
王瑞
张齐杨
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Anhui University
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Anhui University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/24Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
    • G01B11/25Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures by projecting a pattern, e.g. one or more lines, moiré fringes on the object
    • G01B11/2545Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures by projecting a pattern, e.g. one or more lines, moiré fringes on the object with one projection direction and several detection directions, e.g. stereo
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00Image analysis
    • G06T7/50Depth or shape recovery
    • G06T7/55Depth or shape recovery from multiple images
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/60Control of cameras or camera modules
    • H04N23/67Focus control based on electronic image sensor signals
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2207/00Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
    • G06T2207/10Image acquisition modality
    • G06T2207/10016Video; Image sequence

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a three-dimensional reconstruction data acquisition system based on an intensity transmission equation, which comprises a first controllable rotary circular guide rail, a second controllable rotary circular guide rail, a first CCD (charge coupled device) fixed on the first controllable rotary circular guide rail, a second CCD fixed on the second controllable rotary circular guide rail and an illumination light source. According to the invention, the CCD fixed on the two controllable rotary circular guide rails is respectively driven to rotate at a constant speed, so that a multi-angle intensity image can be obtained, a focusing image and a defocusing image required by the phase recovery of an intensity transmission equation can be obtained at the same time, the defect of mechanically translating the CCD in the traditional TIE technology is overcome, and a powerful guarantee is provided for realizing the rapid and accurate multi-angle intensity transmission equation phase recovery and the subsequent real-time three-dimensional reconstruction.

Description

Three-dimensional reconstruction data acquisition system based on intensity transmission equation
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical measurement and three-dimensional reconstruction, in particular to a three-dimensional reconstruction data acquisition system based on an intensity transmission equation.
Background
Unlike conventional two-dimensional imaging, three-dimensional imaging carries the role of acquiring more information from the real world, and thus has wider application. The three-dimensional information generally refers to depth information of an object other than two-dimensional image information, which is included in a light wave field of the object. Thus, three-dimensional imaging may be considered as amplitude and phase imaging of the object wavefront in some cases.
The amplitude of the object wave can be directly acquired by the camera, but the phase cannot be directly detected. The most classical phase measurement method is interferometry, however this method has the following drawbacks: (1) The light waves enter the sensor area along different independent paths, and the measurement result is seriously damaged by the influence of vibration (caused by environmental interference); (2) The time coherence requirements of the light source are high, thus requiring more complex interference devices etc.
Another very important class of non-interferometric phase measurement techniques is known as phase recovery techniques. A phase recovery method based on an intensity transmission equation (TIE) is a typical method, and the method can recover phase information by solving the equation only by measuring light intensity distribution of a light wave to be measured at different transmission distances. The equation is as follows:
wherein the light wave propagates along the z-direction, lambda represents the wavelength of light, I andrespectively represent z 0 The intensity and phase of the location. In this equation, the partial derivative of intensity is difficult to calculate, and typically requires acquisition of multiple intensity image approximations, e.g., z may be used 0 +Δz and z 0 The intensity information of the position is obtained according to the following differential calculation formula:
compared with the traditional interferometry, the phase recovery method based on the intensity transmission equation does not need a complex optical system, has no strict requirements on experimental environment, and does not need to resort to additional reference light. Therefore, the method is widely applied to biomedical aspects and the like.
Three-dimensional reconstruction typically requires acquisition of 360 degree intensity images to obtain phase information for all angles. Currently, three-dimensional reconstruction systems based on an intensity transmission equation exist, for example, a full-automatic 4f_TIE system of an adjustable lens proposed by Thank Nguynen et al, and the adjustable lens is utilized to automatically adjust the focal length of the lens by a motor to replace a mobile CCD in the traditional TIE technology so as to obtain a plurality of defocused images, so that the efficiency of acquiring the defocused images in the TIE technology is improved; in another system based on combination of a spatial light modulator and a TIE as proposed by Thank Nguynen and George Negmetallah, by placing the spatial light modulator on a Fourier plane of a 4f system and loading a lens phase function on the spatial light modulator, intensity images with different defocus distances can be obtained on the same imaging plane by changing the loaded lens phase focal length value, and a programmable defocused image acquisition system capable of fast and precise non-mechanical movement is realized.
Besides the complex structure, the two systems can not collect the focused image and the defocused image at the same time, so that the phase information can not be quickly and accurately recovered based on an intensity transmission equation, and further the follow-up three-dimensional reconstruction is difficult to realize in-time reconstruction.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a three-dimensional reconstruction data acquisition system based on an intensity transmission equation, which can acquire intensity images at multiple angles and can simultaneously acquire a focused image and a defocused image required by the intensity transmission equation to restore phases.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the system comprises a first controllable rotary circular guide rail, a second controllable rotary circular guide rail, a first CCD, a second CCD and an illumination light source; the first CCD is fixed on the first controllable rotary circular guide rail, and the second CCD is fixed on the second controllable rotary circular guide rail;
the first controllable rotary circular guide rail is positioned right above the object to be detected, the second controllable rotary circular guide rail is arranged in parallel with the first controllable rotary circular guide rail and is positioned right above the first controllable rotary circular guide rail, and the illumination light source is positioned right above the second controllable rotary circular guide rail;
the radius of the first controllable rotary circular guide rail is smaller than that of the second controllable rotary circular guide rail, and the size and the position relationship between the first controllable rotary circular guide rail and the second controllable rotary circular guide rail meet the following conditions:
wherein r is 1 Represents the radius, r, of the first controllable rotating circular guide rail 2 Represents the radius, h, of the second controllable rotating circular guide rail 1 Indicating the distance between the geometric center of the first controllable rotary circular guide rail and the geometric center of the object to be measured, h 2 Representing a distance between a geometric center of the second controllable rotating circular rail and a geometric center of the first controllable rotating circular rail;
the first CCD and the second CCD are identical in specification, when the focal length of the first CCD and the focal length of the second CCD are both adjusted to be the distance between the first CCD and the object to be detected, the first CCD is used for shooting a focusing image, the second CCD is used for shooting a defocusing image, and when the focal length of the first CCD and the focal length of the second CCD are both adjusted to be the distance between the second CCD and the object to be detected, the first CCD is used for shooting the defocusing image, and the second CCD is used for shooting the focusing image;
the first controllable rotary circular guide rail and the second controllable rotary circular guide rail respectively drive the first CCD and the second CCD to simultaneously start to rotate at a constant speed and have the same rotation speed; the first CCD and the second CCD start shooting at the same time of starting constant-speed rotation, the shooting intervals of the first CCD and the second CCD are the same, and the rotation and shooting are stopped after one turn;
the initial position of the first CCD on the first controllable rotary circular guide rail is different from the initial position of the second CCD on the second controllable rotary circular guide rail by a fixed angle, and the fixed angle meets the following conditions:
φ=ω·Δt
wherein phi represents a fixed angle by which the start position of the first CCD is different from the start position of the second CCD, omega represents the magnitude of the rotational speed, and Δt represents the shooting interval.
And the first controllable rotary circular guide rail and the second controllable rotary circular guide rail are made of the same material.
And scales are engraved on the first controllable rotary circular guide rail and the second controllable rotary circular guide rail.
And the illumination light source adopts an LED.
The three-dimensional reconstruction data acquisition system based on the intensity transmission equation 1 =25cm,r 2 =30cm,h 2 =5cm。
According to the technical scheme, the CCD fixed on the circular guide rails is respectively driven to rotate at a constant speed by utilizing the two controllable rotating circular guide rails, so that a multi-angle intensity image can be obtained, a focusing image and a defocusing image required by the recovery of the phase of an intensity transmission equation can be obtained at the same time, the defect of mechanical translation of the CCD in the traditional TIE technology is overcome, and powerful guarantee is provided for realizing the rapid and accurate multi-angle intensity transmission equation phase recovery and the subsequent real-time three-dimensional reconstruction.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the positional relationship of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and specific examples.
As shown in fig. 1, a three-dimensional reconstruction data acquisition system based on an intensity transmission equation includes a first controllable rotary circular guide rail 1, a second controllable rotary circular guide rail 2, a first CCD31, a second CCD32, and an illumination light source 4. The first controllable rotary circular guide rail 1 is located right above the object 0 to be measured, the second controllable rotary circular guide rail 2 is arranged in parallel with the first controllable rotary circular guide rail 1 and located right above the first controllable rotary circular guide rail 1, the illumination light source 4 is located right above the second controllable rotary circular guide rail 2, namely, the geometric center of the object 0 to be measured, the geometric center of the first controllable rotary circular guide rail 1, the geometric center of the second controllable rotary circular guide rail 2 and the geometric center of the illumination light source 4 are all on a straight line, and the straight line is perpendicular to the plane where the first controllable rotary circular guide rail 1 (or the second controllable rotary circular guide rail 2) is located.
The first controllable rotary circular guide rail 1 and the second controllable rotary circular guide rail 2 are the same in material, scales are engraved on the first controllable rotary circular guide rail 1, and the radius of the first controllable rotary circular guide rail 1 is smaller than that of the second controllable rotary circular guide rail 2. The first CCD31 is fixedly arranged on the first controllable rotary circular guide rail 1, the second CCD32 is fixedly arranged on the second controllable rotary circular guide rail 2, the first CCD31 rotates along with the rotation of the first controllable rotary circular guide rail 1, and the second CCD32 rotates along with the rotation of the second controllable rotary circular guide rail 2. The illumination light source 4 employs LEDs for providing illumination conditions.
As shown in fig. 2, the radius of the first controllably rotatable circular guide 1 is r 1 The radius of the second controllable rotary circular guide rail 2 is r 2 The geometric center O of the object to be measured 0 and the geometric center O of the first controllable rotary circular guide rail 1 1 The distance between them is h 1 Geometric center O of first controllably rotatable circular guide 1 1 Geometric center O with second controllable rotary circular guide 2 2 The distance between them is h 2 The following conditions are satisfied:
the first controllable rotary circular guide rail 1 and the second controllable rotary circular guide rail 2 respectively drive the first CCD31 and the second CCD32 to simultaneously start to rotate at a constant speed, and the rotation directions and the rotation speeds of the first CCD31 and the second CCD32 are the same. The first CCD31 and the second CCD32 start shooting while starting to rotate at a constant speed, and take intensity images at regular intervals (factory set to every second), and the shooting intervals are the same, and the rotation and shooting are stopped after one rotation. In view of the trade-off between storage costs and quality of three-dimensional reconstruction, the rotational speed may be set to be 20 degrees per second, i.e. one revolution of the first CCD31 and the second CCD32 will take 18 intensity images, respectively.
The projection of the initial position of the first CCD31 on the first controllably rotatable circular guide 1 and the initial position of the second CCD32 on the second controllably rotatable circular guide 2 on the same plane parallel to the plane of the first controllably rotatable circular guide 1 (or the second controllably rotatable circular guide 2) differ by a fixed angle, and the fixed angle satisfies the following condition:
φ=ω·Δt
where Φ represents a fixed angle by which the start position of the first CCD31 differs from the start position of the second CCD32, ω represents the magnitude of the rotational speed, and Δt represents the shooting interval. It can be seen that the fixed angle phi is exactly the angle by which the first CCD31 (or the second CCD 32) photographs once.
The first CCD31 and the second CCD32 have the same specification, when the focal lengths of the two are both adjusted to be the distance between the first CCD31 and the object 0 to be measured, the first CCD31 captures a focused image, the second CCD32 captures a defocused image (specifically, an over-focused image), and when the focal lengths of the two are both adjusted to be the distance between the second CCD32 and the object 0 to be measured, the first CCD31 captures a defocused image (specifically, an under-focused image), and the second CCD32 captures a focused image. When r is 1 =25cm,r 2 =30cm,h 2 When the value is =5 cm, the defocus distance is obtained as
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
as shown in fig. 3, a focused image is taken by the first CCD31, a through-focus image is taken by the second CCD32, and the start position a of the first CCD31 is seen in the rotation direction (counterclockwise) 1 Behind the start position B of the second CCD32 1 By way of example, the following is illustrative:
when the illumination light source 4 is on, the first CCD31 controls autofocus through a built-in autofocus chip, and adjusts its focal length to be the distance between the first CCD31 and the object 0 to be measured. Since the second CCD32 is identical to the first CCD31 in specification, the focal length of the second CCD32 is adjusted to be identical to the focal length of the first CCD31, and therefore, in combination with the positional relationship between the first CCD31 and the second CCD32, it is possible to realize that the first CCD31 captures a focused image while the second CCD32 captures an over-focused image.
The first controllable rotary circular guide rail 1 and the second controllable rotary circular guide rail 2 start to rotate at a constant speed along the anticlockwise direction at the same time, and the first CCD31 and the second CCD32 also start to rotate and shoot. The first CCD31 and the second CCD32 immediately send the intensity image to the computer 5 for storage through the wireless network every time they are photographed during photographing.
Since the initial position of the first CCD31 is different from the initial position of the second CCD32 by a fixed angle and is just the angle rotated by the first CCD31 (or the second CCD 32) once, when the first CCD31 is at the initial position A 1 When the first focused image is taken, the second CCD32 is at the initial position B 1 After shooting the first over-focus image, after one second, the first CCD31 shoots the second focusing image at the new position, the second CCD32 shoots the second over-focus image at the new position, at this time, the computer 5 pairs the second focusing image shot by the first CCD31 with the first over-focus image shot by the second CCD32, after one second, pairs the third focusing image shot by the first CCD31 with the second over-focus image shot by the second CCD32, and so on until the last focusing image shot by the first CCD31 is paired with the last over-focus image shot by the second CCD32 and the first focusing image shot by the first CCD31 is paired with the last over-focus image shot by the second CCD32, so on, to be used as the subsequent phase recovery calculation of the intensity transmission equation.
The computer 5 uses the focused image and the over-focused image of each angle to carry out phase recovery to obtain a phase diagram, and then uses the phase diagrams of all angles to realize three-dimensional reconstruction through a three-dimensional reconstruction algorithm.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solution of the present invention should fall within the scope of protection defined by the claims of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. The three-dimensional reconstruction data acquisition system based on the intensity transmission equation is characterized in that: the system comprises a first controllable rotary circular guide rail, a second controllable rotary circular guide rail, a first CCD, a second CCD and an illumination light source; the first CCD is fixed on the first controllable rotary circular guide rail, and the second CCD is fixed on the second controllable rotary circular guide rail;
the first controllable rotary circular guide rail is positioned right above the object to be detected, the second controllable rotary circular guide rail is arranged in parallel with the first controllable rotary circular guide rail and is positioned right above the first controllable rotary circular guide rail, and the illumination light source is positioned right above the second controllable rotary circular guide rail;
the radius of the first controllable rotary circular guide rail is smaller than that of the second controllable rotary circular guide rail, and the size and the position relationship between the first controllable rotary circular guide rail and the second controllable rotary circular guide rail meet the following conditions:
wherein r is 1 Represents the radius, r, of the first controllable rotating circular guide rail 2 Represents the radius, h, of the second controllable rotating circular guide rail 1 Indicating the distance between the geometric center of the first controllable rotary circular guide rail and the geometric center of the object to be measured, h 2 Representing a distance between a geometric center of the second controllable rotating circular rail and a geometric center of the first controllable rotating circular rail;
the first CCD and the second CCD are identical in specification, when the focal length of the first CCD and the focal length of the second CCD are both adjusted to be the distance between the first CCD and the object to be detected, the first CCD is used for shooting a focusing image, the second CCD is used for shooting a defocusing image, and when the focal length of the first CCD and the focal length of the second CCD are both adjusted to be the distance between the second CCD and the object to be detected, the first CCD is used for shooting the defocusing image, and the second CCD is used for shooting the focusing image;
the first controllable rotary circular guide rail and the second controllable rotary circular guide rail respectively drive the first CCD and the second CCD to simultaneously start to rotate at a constant speed and have the same rotation speed; the first CCD and the second CCD start shooting at the same time of starting constant-speed rotation, the shooting intervals of the first CCD and the second CCD are the same, and the rotation and shooting are stopped after one turn;
the initial position of the first CCD on the first controllable rotary circular guide rail is different from the initial position of the second CCD on the second controllable rotary circular guide rail by a fixed angle, and the fixed angle meets the following conditions:
φ=ω·Δt
wherein phi represents a fixed angle by which the start position of the first CCD is different from the start position of the second CCD, omega represents the magnitude of the rotational speed, and Δt represents the shooting interval.
2. The three-dimensional reconstruction data acquisition system based on intensity transfer equations of claim 1, wherein: the first controllable rotary circular guide rail and the second controllable rotary circular guide rail are made of the same material.
3. The three-dimensional reconstruction data acquisition system based on intensity transfer equations of claim 1, wherein: the first controllable rotary circular guide rail and the second controllable rotary circular guide rail are provided with scales.
4. The three-dimensional reconstruction data acquisition system based on intensity transfer equations of claim 1, wherein: the illumination light source adopts an LED.
5. The three-dimensional reconstruction data acquisition system based on intensity transfer equations of claim 1, wherein: r is (r) 1 =25cm,r 2 =30cm,h 2 =5cm。
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