CN110760946A - Graphene-based composite fiber, and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Graphene-based composite fiber, and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110760946A CN110760946A CN201911081652.1A CN201911081652A CN110760946A CN 110760946 A CN110760946 A CN 110760946A CN 201911081652 A CN201911081652 A CN 201911081652A CN 110760946 A CN110760946 A CN 110760946A
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F9/00—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments
- D01F9/08—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments of inorganic material
- D01F9/12—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
- D01D5/0015—Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material
- D01D5/003—Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material the material being a polymer solution or dispersion
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
- D01D5/0061—Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
- D01D5/0061—Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus
- D01D5/0092—Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus characterised by the electrical field, e.g. combined with a magnetic fields, using biased or alternating fields
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F9/00—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments
- D01F9/08—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments of inorganic material
- D01F9/12—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof
- D01F9/14—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments
- D01F9/20—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments from polyaddition, polycondensation or polymerisation products
- D01F9/21—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments from polyaddition, polycondensation or polymerisation products from macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/32—Carbon-based
- H01G11/34—Carbon-based characterised by carbonisation or activation of carbon
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
Abstract
The invention discloses a graphene-based composite fiber, a preparation method and application thereof; belongs to the technical field of composite fibers. The invention solves the problem that the potential of the existing polymer fiber as an electrode material is greatly limited by the conductivity of the existing polymer fiber. The composite material of the invention shows better capacitance performance and flexibility. The method is prepared by utilizing the ultrahigh conductivity of graphene and an organic framework of di-methylimidazole through an electrostatic spinning method. The flexible super capacitor assembled by the composite fiber has high capacity, good rate capability and strong stability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of graphene; in particular to a graphene-based composite fiber for an electrode and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Portable wearable electronic devices have been receiving attention and represent the mainstream direction of modern electronic technology. To meet these specific requirements, the manufacture of ultra-flexible fibrous materials is continually sought. For example, the exceptional flexibility of polymer fibers makes them well suited as support materials. However, their poor conductivity limits their potential as electrode materials.
However, graphene has become a widely used material in academia and industry due to its excellent properties in flexibility and conductivity. And electrospinning has had a well-established process since the development proposed at the end of the 20 th century.
In recent years, with the attention of people to wearable electronic devices, the manufacture of high-flexibility conductive fiber materials is urgent.
Although the ultra-high flexibility of the polymer fibers makes them well suited as materials for structural support. However, its conductivity greatly limits their potential as electrode materials.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-conductivity flexible fiber-graphene-based composite fiber and a preparation method thereof; the composite fiber provided by the invention has high conductivity and super-strong flexibility, and a capacitor prepared from the composite fiber has the advantages of high capacitance, rate capability, stability and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the graphene-based composite fiber is prepared by taking graphene oxide, high polymer and cellulose as raw materials to prepare a spinning solution, and the spinning solution is spun into a flexible fiber by adopting an electrostatic spinning method; the method is realized by the following steps:
step one, adding a high polymer and cellulose into an organic solvent, and stirring until the high polymer and the cellulose are uniformly dispersed;
secondly, adding graphite oxide, and performing ultrasonic dispersion to obtain a spinning solution;
step three, statically spinning the spinning solution obtained in the step two under high pressure; and obtaining the graphene-based composite fiber.
Further defined, the graphite oxide is prepared by the following steps: according to the volume ratio of the mass of the expanded graphite to concentrated sulfuric acid (0.01-1) g: dissolving expanded graphite in concentrated sulfuric acid with the mass concentration of 98% according to the proportion of 1ml, then adding an oxidant A according to the proportion of 1 (6-18) in the mass ratio of the expanded graphite to the oxidant A, reacting for 12-24 h at 25 ℃, and mixing the expanded graphite and the oxidant A according to the volume ratio of the mass of the expanded graphite to water of 1 g: (80-120) ml of water is added, and then the volume ratio of the mass of the expanded graphite to the oxidant B is 1 g: (5-15) adding an oxidant B in a ml ratio, and centrifuging to obtain yellow precipitate; washing the yellow precipitate with dilute hydrochloric acid of 1-3 mol/L concentration, washing with water and finally with absolute ethyl alcohol; drying at room temperature, and centrifuging to obtain graphite oxide; wherein the oxidant A is potassium permanganate or sodium hypochlorite; the oxidant B is hydrogen peroxide solution with the mass concentration of 20-60%.
Based on the further limitation of the method for preparing graphene oxide, the volume ratio of the mass of the expanded graphite to the concentrated sulfuric acid is preferably (0.01-0.8) g: 1ml, more preferably (0.01 to 0.75) g: 1 ml; the mass ratio of the expanded graphite to the oxidant A is preferably 14-24 h, more preferably 16-24 h,
the ratio of the mass of the expanded graphite to the volume of water is preferably 1 g: (80-110) ml, more preferably 1 g: (90-110) ml.
Further limiting, when the high polymer is polyvinyl nitrile and/or polyvinyl alcohol, the high polymer is polyvinyl nitrile and polyvinyl alcohol, the polyvinyl nitrile and the polyvinyl alcohol are combined according to any ratio.
Further limiting the organic solvent in the step one to be dimethyl formamide and/or dimethyl sulfoxide, and when the organic solvent is dimethyl formamide and dimethyl sulfoxide, combining the dimethyl formamide and the dimethyl sulfoxide according to any ratio; stirring at the speed of 200 r/min-400 r/min for 3 h-8 h and at the stirring temperature of 40-70 ℃ so that the graphene oxide is fully dissolved in the solution to obtain the uniformly dispersed spinning solution.
Further, the mass ratio of the high polymer to the organic solvent in the first step is 1 (1-10), preferably 1 (2-10), more preferably 1 (3-10), and the mass ratio of the high polymer to the cellulose is 1 (1-10), preferably 1 (2-10), more preferably 1 (3-10).
And further limiting the mass ratio of the high polymer to the graphite oxide in the second step to be 1 (10-150), adding graphite oxide powder, preferably 1 (10-150), more preferably 1 (50-150), and coordinating the use ratio of the components, which is beneficial to uniformly dispersing the graphite oxide and the high polymer in the solvent, so as to provide a uniform solution form, so that the graphite oxide is uniformly dispersed in the solution and can be stably maintained.
In the second step, the ultrasonic dispersion is carried out for 1 to 2 hours under the condition that the ultrasonic power is 400 to 2000W, and the ultrasonic power is preferably 400 to 1800W, and more preferably 500 to 1800W; the ultrasonic time is preferably 1.5h to 2h, more preferably 1.5h to 1.8 h. And mixing the graphite oxide and the high polymer by an ultrasonic method to obtain a uniform solution required by electrostatic spinning.
Further limiting the voltage of electrostatic spinning in the third step to be 9-17 KV; the flow rate of the solution is 0.1-1 ml/h; the distance between the spinning needle head and the receiver is 8-15 cm; the voltage is preferably 10-17 KV, and more preferably 10-15 KV; the flow rate is preferably 0.1-0.8 ml/h, preferably 0.1-0.5 ml/h, and the flexibility of the high polymer fiber and the high conductivity of the graphite oxide can be well combined through an electrostatic spinning method.
The graphene-based composite fiber or the graphene-based composite fiber prepared by the method is applied as an electrode material of a supercapacitor, the electrode material is prepared by carbonizing the graphene-based composite fiber at a high temperature, and the carbonization treatment comprises the following steps: and (3) preserving the heat for 2h at 900 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen to obtain the electrode material.
The invention provides graphene-based composite fibers comprising graphite oxide, a high polymer and an electrostatic spinning method; the invention adopts graphite oxide with high conductivity; meanwhile, the high polymer can be condensed under high pressure, so that graphite oxide can be well loaded, and cellulose can play a role in good flexibility, so that the composite fiber shows good elasticity. The composite fiber has ultrahigh conductivity and provides excellent toughness, and the conductivity is improved, so that the composite fiber is favorable for the rapid transmission of electrons and ions. The example results show that the independent electrode material prepared from the graphene-based composite fiber provided by the invention has excellent capacitance and high conductivity.
The graphene-based composite fiber disclosed by the invention is applied to a super capacitor.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron micrograph of graphene-based composite fibers of example 1, 2 μm;
fig. 2 is a result of constant current charge and discharge test of different electrode materials in example 1 and comparative example 1.
Detailed Description
Example 1: the graphite oxide used in the present embodiment is prepared by the following steps:
dissolving 1g of expanded graphite in 100mL of 98 mass percent sulfuric acid, then adding 6g of potassium permanganate, reacting for 20 hours at room temperature (25 ℃), then adding 95mL of deionized water, then adding 5mL of hydrogen peroxide, centrifuging for 4 minutes at 9000 r/min to obtain yellow precipitate, washing the yellow precipitate with 2mol/L of dilute hydrochloric acid, deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol in sequence, drying at room temperature, and centrifuging to obtain graphite oxide.
The preparation method of the graphene-based composite fiber in the embodiment is realized by the following steps:
step one, adding polyvinyl nitrile and cellulose acetate into dimethylformamide, and stirring until the mixture is uniformly dispersed;
wherein the mass ratio of the polyvinyl nitrile to the dimethylformamide is 1:5, and the mass ratio of the dimethylformamide to the cellulose acetate is 1: 4;
secondly, adding graphite oxide according to the mass ratio of the polyvinyl nitrile to the graphite oxide of 1:80, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 1.5h in an ultrasonic machine at the power of 1000W to obtain a uniform spinning solution;
step three, performing electrostatic spinning on the spinning solution obtained in the step two, wherein the technological parameters of the electrostatic spinning are as follows: the voltage is 11.7KV, the flow rate of the solution is 0.3ml/h, the distance between the spinning needle and the receiver is 13cm, and the graphene-based composite fiber is obtained after electrostatic spinning (as shown in figure 1).
The graphene-based composite fiber obtained in the example 1 is subjected to high-temperature carbonization treatment under the condition of heat preservation at 900 ℃ for 2 hours under the protection of nitrogen to obtain the electrode material.
The electrode material prepared by the method is used for testing the constant current charge and discharge performance at 1mA/cm-2The sweep rate of (2) was tested to test the discharge time and capacitance of the material.
Comparative example 1: a polyvinyl nitrile fiber was obtained in the same manner as in example 1, except that no oxidized graphite was added.
The test was carried out under the test conditions of application example 1. The test results are shown in fig. 2 and table 1.
Table 1 ORR test results for different electrode materials in example 1 and comparative example 1
| Electrode material | Charge and discharge voltage/V | Discharge time/s | capacitance/mFcm-2 |
| Graphene-based composite fiber | -1～0 | 1924.7 | 1924.7 |
| Polyvinyl nitrile fibre | -1～0 | 117 | 117 |
It can be seen from table 1 that the graphene-based composite fiber prepared by the present invention can improve the conductivity (obtained by comparing the capacitance) of the material, mainly because of the ultrahigh conductivity of graphene, and the support base compounded with the high polymer fiber can not only improve the conductivity, but also have high capacity performance, so that the graphene-based composite fiber has a certain application value in a super capacitor.
Example 2: the graphite oxide used in the present embodiment is prepared by the following steps:
dissolving 1g of expanded graphite in 100mL of 98 mass percent sulfuric acid, then adding 8g of potassium permanganate, reacting for 24 hours at room temperature (25 ℃), then adding 95mL of deionized water, then adding 5mL of hydrogen peroxide, centrifuging for 4 minutes at 9000 r/min to obtain yellow precipitate, washing the yellow precipitate with 2mol/L of dilute hydrochloric acid, deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol in sequence, drying at room temperature, and centrifuging to obtain graphite oxide.
The preparation method of the graphene-based composite fiber in the embodiment is realized by the following steps:
step one, adding polyvinyl nitrile and cellulose acetate into dimethylformamide, stirring until the mixture is uniformly dispersed,
wherein the mass ratio of the polyvinyl nitrile to the dimethylformamide is 1:6, and the mass ratio of the dimethylformamide to the cellulose acetate is 1: 5;
and secondly, adding graphite oxide according to the mass ratio of the polyvinyl nitrile to the graphite oxide of 1:85, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 1.5h in an ultrasonic machine at the power of 1500W to obtain a uniform spinning solution.
Step three, performing electrostatic spinning on the spinning solution obtained in the step two, wherein the technological parameters of the electrostatic spinning are as follows: the voltage is 12KV, the flow rate of the solution is 0.3ml/h, the distance between a spinning needle and a receiver is 11cm, and the graphene-based composite fiber is obtained after electrostatic spinning is finished.
Claims (10)
1. The graphene-based composite fiber is characterized in that the graphene-based composite fiber is prepared by taking graphene oxide, high polymer and cellulose as raw materials and adopting an electrostatic spinning method.
2. The graphene-based composite fiber according to claim 1, wherein the graphite oxide is prepared by the following steps: according to the volume ratio of the mass of the expanded graphite to concentrated sulfuric acid (0.01-1) g: dissolving expanded graphite in concentrated sulfuric acid with the mass concentration of 98% according to the proportion of 1ml, then adding an oxidant A according to the proportion of 1 (6-18) in the mass ratio of the expanded graphite to the oxidant A, reacting for 12-24 h at 25 ℃, and mixing the expanded graphite and the oxidant A according to the volume ratio of the mass of the expanded graphite to water of 1 g: (80-120) ml of water is added, and then the volume ratio of the mass of the expanded graphite to the oxidant B is 1 g: (5-15) adding an oxidant B in a ratio of ml to obtain yellow precipitate; washing the yellow precipitate with dilute hydrochloric acid of 1-3 mol/L concentration, washing with water and finally with absolute ethyl alcohol; drying at room temperature, and centrifuging to obtain graphite oxide; wherein the oxidant A is potassium permanganate or sodium hypochlorite; the oxidant B is hydrogen peroxide solution with the mass concentration of 20-60%.
3. The graphene-based composite fiber according to claim 1, wherein the high polymer is polyvinyl nitrile and/or polyvinyl alcohol.
4. The graphene-based composite fiber according to claim 1, wherein the cellulose is cellulose acetate and/or cellulose triacetate.
5. The method for preparing graphene-based composite fiber according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the method is achieved by the following steps:
step one, adding a high polymer and cellulose into an organic solvent, and stirring until the high polymer and the cellulose are uniformly dispersed;
secondly, adding graphite oxide, and performing ultrasonic dispersion to obtain a spinning solution;
step three, statically spinning the spinning solution obtained in the step two under high pressure; and obtaining the graphene-based composite fiber.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the organic solvent in the first step is dimethylformamide and/or dimethylsulfoxide; stirring for 3-8 h at the speed of 200-400 r/min at the temperature of 40-70 ℃.
7. The preparation method according to claim 5, wherein the mass ratio of the polymer to the organic solvent in the first step is 1 (1-10); the mass ratio of the cellulose to the high polymer is 1 (1-10).
8. The preparation method according to claim 5, wherein in the second step, graphite oxide is added according to the mass ratio of the high polymer to the graphite oxide of 1 (10-150); ultrasonic dispersion is carried out for 1-2 h under the ultrasonic power of 400-2000W.
9. The preparation method according to claim 5, wherein the voltage during the electrospinning in the third step is 9 KV-17 KV; the flow rate of the solution is 0.1 ml/h-1 ml/h, and the distance between the spinning needle and the receiver is 8 cm-15 cm.
10. Use of the graphene-based composite fiber according to any one of claims 1 to 4 or the graphene-based composite fiber prepared by the method according to any one of claims 5 to 9 as an electrode material for a supercapacitor.
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| CN112030269A (en) * | 2020-09-04 | 2020-12-04 | 安徽瑜合警用装备有限公司 | Special lasting electric heating self-heating composite functional fiber material for military police and preparation method and application thereof |
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