CN110760751A - Method for improving liquid metal corrosion resistance of martensite heat-resistant steel - Google Patents
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- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
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- C23C16/50—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating using electric discharges
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal surface treatment, and particularly provides a method for preparing a silicon carbide coating on the surface of martensite heat-resistant steel to improve the liquid metal corrosion resistance of a metal matrix. And (3) presetting a silicon carbide coating on the surface of the martensite heat-resistant steel by adopting a double-glow plasma surface treatment method. The method is adopted to treat the surface of the martensite heat-resistant steel, so that the liquid metal corrosion resistance of metal can be effectively improved, and the service life of a metal material is prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal surface treatment, and particularly provides a method for preparing a silicon carbide coating on the surface of martensite heat-resistant steel to improve the liquid metal corrosion resistance of a metal matrix.
Background
The safe and efficient development of nuclear power is a strategic choice for optimizing energy structure and vigorously developing nuclear industry in China, and is one of medium-term and long-term energy development strategies in China. Among them, accelerator Driven subcritical nuclear energy system (ADS) is the most promising nuclear waste transmutation system in development at present due to its efficient utilization of nuclear waste and higher system safety. As one of the main reactor types of the fourth-generation nuclear energy system, the ADS system is a Lead-cooled fast reactor using liquid Lead or liquid Lead Bismuth Eutectic alloy (LBE) as a coolant, and has attracted attention internationally in recent years, in particular, the development of a miniaturized modular Lead-cooled fast reactor, and the subcritical reactor type selected by the construction of a twelve five-country national major scientific and technological infrastructure, i.e., accelerator-driven evolution research device CiADS, in China is also a Lead-cooled fast reactor.
The martensite heat-resistant steel has excellent mechanical property and high enough high-temperature chemical stability, and is widely applied to nuclear power, chemical industry, petroleum and other industrial departments. The 9-12% Cr martensitic heat-resistant steel is based on the traditional martensitic heat-resistant steel, and the lasting strength of the martensitic heat-resistant steel is obviously improved by optimizing chemical components and improving a heat treatment system. The 9-12% Cr martensite heat-resistant steel has become a cladding and cladding candidate structural material of advanced nuclear reaction systems such as ADS and the like due to the excellent performances such as low thermal expansion coefficient, high thermal conductivity and the like. However, ADS provides new challenges for 9-12% Cr martensite heat-resistant steel structure materials in harsh working environments (such as high temperature, irradiation and liquid metal corrosion), and further improvement of corrosion resistance of the structural materials is required along with improvement of equipment service temperature and the more harsh corrosive environment.
By means of surface modification, a protective coating is added on the surface of the material, so that the corrosion resistance of 9-12% Cr martensite heat-resistant steel for an ADS transmutation system can be further improved. Research results show that the silicon carbide is a ceramic coating with high wear resistance and plays an important role in improving the performance of the martensite heat-resistant steel matrix material. Therefore, the martensite heat-resistant steel is used as a metal matrix, and the surface of the martensite heat-resistant steel is coated with a silicon carbide coating, so that the martensite stainless steel can be obviously protected, and the corrosion resistance, the erosion resistance and the high-temperature oxidation resistance of the martensite stainless steel can be obviously improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for carrying out liquid metal corrosion resistance treatment on the surface of martensite heat-resistant steel, which adopts double-glow plasma surface treatment equipment to plate a silicon carbide coating which is in good contact with a metal matrix on the surface of the metal, wherein the coating not only generates amorphous silicon oxide under high oxygen concentration, but also keeps the original appearance under lower oxygen concentration, thereby increasing the liquid metal corrosion resistance of the material, effectively improving the liquid metal corrosion resistance of the metal material and prolonging the service life of the metal material.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for improving the liquid metal corrosion resistance of martensite heat-resistant steel is characterized in that a silicon carbide coating is preset on the surface of the martensite heat-resistant steel.
The method for improving the liquid metal corrosion resistance of the martensite heat-resistant steel adopts a dual-glow plasma surface treatment method to prepare the silicon carbide coating on the surface of the martensite heat-resistant steel.
According to the method for improving the liquid metal corrosion resistance of the martensite heat-resistant steel, the martensite heat-resistant steel is 9-12 wt% of Cr martensite heat-resistant steel.
The method for improving the liquid metal corrosion resistance of the martensite heat-resistant steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: c is more than or equal to 0.05 percent and less than or equal to 0.35 percent, Si is more than or equal to 0 percent and less than or equal to 3 percent, Cr is more than or equal to 8 percent and less than or equal to 13 percent, W is more than or equal to 0 percent and less than or equal to 3 percent, Mn is more than 0 percent and less than or equal to 2.0 percent, Ta + Nb is less than or equal to 0.30 percent, V is more than 0 percent and less than or.
According to the method for improving the corrosion resistance of the martensite heat-resistant steel to the liquid metal, the liquid metal is a lead-bismuth eutectic crystal at the temperature of 300-700 ℃.
The method for improving the liquid metal corrosion resistance of the martensite heat-resistant steel comprises the following specific steps:
(1) pretreating the surface of the martensite heat-resistant steel: gradually grinding the martensite heat-resistant steel to 2000# abrasive paper by using metallographic abrasive paper, polishing, ultrasonically cleaning by using alcohol and acetone, and drying;
(2) vacuum degree of vacuum chamber of double-glow plasma plating equipment is less than 10-3Pa, taking a mixed gas of 99.99% of high-purity hydrogen and 99.99% of tetramethylsilane as a reaction gas, introducing argon with the purity of 99.99% as a protective gas as the reaction gas, and realizing plasma excitation;
(3) the technological conditions of the double glow plasma surface treatment are as follows: the flow rate of hydrogen is 10-20 ml/min, the partial pressure is controlled to be 40-70 Pa, the reaction temperature is 750-900 ℃, the heat preservation time is 20-40 min, negative bias voltage-500-600V is applied to a sample, and a silicon carbide coating with the thickness of 2-5 mu m is deposited on the surface of the martensite heat-resistant steel.
According to the method for improving the liquid metal corrosion resistance of the martensite heat-resistant steel, the flow rate of tetramethylsilane is 0.5-3 ml/min, and the flow rate of argon is 40-80 ml/min.
The design idea of the invention is as follows:
the coating is preset on the surface of the material, so that the corrosion resistance of the martensite heat-resistant steel to liquid metal can be further improved. Researches show that the silicon carbide coating has the advantages of low density, high wear resistance, excellent impact resistance, good irradiation compatibility and the like, is widely applied, and the difference between the thermal expansion coefficient of the silicon carbide and the martensite heat-resistant steel is not large, so that the ideal binding force between the silicon carbide coating and the martensite heat-resistant steel matrix can be realized, the peeling failure of the coating under low oxygen concentration is avoided, and the aim of protecting the metal matrix is fulfilled.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, the silicon carbide coating is prepared on the surface of the martensite heat-resistant steel by the arc ion plating method, so that the excellent comprehensive performance of the silicon carbide coating is fully utilized, and the liquid metal corrosion resistance of the metal material is improved. The silicon carbide coating is oxidized under high oxygen concentration to form silicon dioxide, which plays a role in isolating liquid metal from a metal matrix and preventing further oxidation corrosion, and the formed amorphous silicon dioxide can ensure the rapid healing of defects under an irradiation state; under low oxygen concentration, the silicon carbide coating keeps the original shape, and because the silicon carbide coating has relatively high matching property with the thermal expansion coefficient of the martensite heat-resistant steel, the binding force between the coating and the matrix is greatly improved, and the stability and the integrity of the coating in the service environment of low-oxygen flowing liquid metal are ensured, so that the silicon carbide coating can effectively improve the liquid metal corrosion resistance of the metal in the liquid metal with high or low oxygen concentration, and the service life of the metal is prolonged.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an XRD of the surface of example 1 after preparation of a silicon carbide coating. In the figure, the abscissa 2 θ represents the diffraction angle (°), and the ordinate Intensity represents the relative Intensity (a.u ℃).
FIG. 2 is a surface topography (a) and a cross-sectional topography (b) of the silicon carbide coating prepared on the surface of example 1.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the example 1 etched in a saturated oxygen liquid lead bismuth eutectic at 600 ℃ for 1000 hours.
FIG. 4 is the cross-sectional profile of example 1 after 1000 hours of corrosion with liquid lead bismuth under vacuum of less than 0.1Pa at 600 ℃.
FIG. 5 shows the cross-sectional morphology of comparative example 2 after corrosion in a saturated oxygen liquid lead bismuth eutectic at 600 ℃ for 1000 hours.
FIG. 6 shows the cross-sectional morphology of comparative example 2 after corrosion for 1000 hours in a liquid lead bismuth eutectic with a vacuum degree of less than 0.1Pa at 600 ℃.
Detailed Description
In the specific implementation process, the method for improving the liquid metal corrosion resistance of the martensite heat-resistant steel comprises the steps of firstly performing glow cleaning on the surface of the martensite heat-resistant steel after polishing and cleaning, and then preparing a TiN coating on the surface of the martensite heat-resistant steel by a dual-glow plasma surface preparation technology, wherein the method is further described by the following embodiments.
The following examples further describe the invention.
Example 1
In this embodiment, the method for improving the liquid metal corrosion resistance of the martensitic heat-resistant steel comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreating the metal surface: and (3) gradually grinding a metal sample with the diameter of 25mm and the thickness of 3mm to 2000# by using metallographic abrasive paper, rounding all edges of the edges, polishing, ultrasonically cleaning by using alcohol and acetone, and drying.
(2) Vacuum degree of vacuum chamber of double-glow plasma plating equipment is 5X 10-4Pa, taking the mixed gas of high-purity hydrogen with the volume purity of 99.99% and tetramethylsilane with the volume purity of 99.99% as reaction gas, introducing argon with the volume purity of 99.99% as protective gas as the reaction gas, and realizing plasma excitation.
(3) The process conditions for preparing the silicon carbide coating on the surface of the double-glow plasma are as follows: the flow rate of hydrogen was 15ml/min while controlling the partial pressure of 55Pa, the flow rate of tetramethylsilane was 1.5ml/min, and the flow rate of argon was 60 ml/min. The reaction temperature is 800 ℃, the heat preservation time is 20min, negative bias voltage-550V is applied to the sample, and a silicon carbide coating with the thickness of 2 mu m is deposited on the surface of the martensite heat-resistant steel.
The metal material is martensite heat-resistant steel, and comprises the following specific chemical components: c: 0.20 wt.%, Si: 1.22 wt.%, Cr: 10.23 wt.%, Mn: 0.48 wt.%, W: 1.5 wt.%, Ta: 0.12 wt.%, V: 0.20 wt.%, balance iron.
XRD of the silicon carbide coating prepared by the above method, as shown in fig. 1; as shown in fig. 2, the surface and cross-sectional topography of the silicon carbide coating prepared by the above-described method; as shown in fig. 3, the cross-sectional morphology of the alloy after 1000 hours of saturated oxygen liquid lead bismuth corrosion at 600 ℃; as shown in FIG. 4, the cross-sectional morphology of the liquid lead bismuth after being corroded for 1000 hours at 600 ℃ and with the vacuum degree lower than 0.1 Pa. As can be seen from a comparison of fig. 1 and 3, the silicon carbide coating is oxidized at a saturated oxygen concentration to a continuous dense oxide layer of silicon dioxide; as can be seen from a comparison of fig. 1 and 4, the thickness of the silicon carbide coating did not change, demonstrating that the silicon carbide coating is effective in protecting the matrix of martensitic heat-resistant steel in liquid metal at saturated and low oxygen concentrations.
Example 2
In this example, the martensite heat-resistant steel has the chemical composition: c: 0.08 wt.%, Si: 0.05 wt.%, Cr: 8.5 wt.%, Mn: 0.45 wt.%, W: 1.8 wt.%, Ta: 0.1 wt.%, V: 0.1 wt.%, Nb: 0.05 wt.%, balance iron. The other surface treatment process of the metal was the same as in example 1.
Example 3
In this example, the martensite heat-resistant steel has the chemical composition: c: 0.32 wt.%, Si: 0.5 wt.%, Cr: 12.46 wt.%, Mn: 1.41 wt.%, W: 2.5 wt.%, Ta: 0.26 wt.%, V: 0.35 wt.%, Nb: 0.02 wt.%, balance iron. The surface treatment process of the metal was the same as in example 1.
Example 4
In this example, the martensite heat-resistant steel has the chemical composition: c: 0.19 wt.%, Si: 1.13 wt.%, Cr: 9.4 wt.%, Mn: 0.78 wt.%, W: 1.16 wt.%, Ta: 0.14 wt.%, V: 0.3 wt.%, Nb: 0.01 wt.%, balance iron. The surface treatment process of the metal was the same as in example 1.
Example 5
In this example, the martensite heat-resistant steel has the chemical composition: c: 0.26 wt.%, Si: 1.56 wt.%, Cr: 12.73 wt.%, Mn: 0.67 wt.%, W: 1.83 wt.%, Ta: 0.19 wt.%, V: 0.23 wt.%, Nb: 0.03 wt.%, balance iron. The surface treatment process of the metal was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 1
In the comparative example, a metal sample with a diameter of 25mm and a thickness of 3mm after heat treatment was polished to 2000# by metallographic abrasive paper step by step, all edges were rounded off, polished, ultrasonically cleaned by alcohol and acetone, and dried. The chemical composition and heat treatment process schedule of the metal material were the same as those of example 1. The section appearance of the comparative example after 1000 hours of liquid lead bismuth corrosion at 600 ℃ and vacuum degree lower than 0.1Pa is shown in figure 5. As shown in FIG. 5, the cross-sectional morphology of the liquid lead bismuth after being corroded for 1000 hours at 600 ℃ and with the vacuum degree lower than 0.1 Pa. Since the difference from embodiment 1 is: the silicon carbide coating is not deposited on the surface of the martensite heat-resistant steel by an arc ion plating method, and no oxide film is formed on the surface of the martensite heat-resistant steel, so that dissolution corrosion occurs.
Comparative example 2
In the comparative example, a metal sample with a diameter of 25mm and a thickness of 3mm after heat treatment was polished to 2000# by metallographic abrasive paper step by step, all edges were rounded off, polished, ultrasonically cleaned by alcohol and acetone, and dried. The chemical composition and heat treatment process schedule of the metal material were the same as those of example 2. Comparative example 2 the cross-sectional morphology after 1000 hours of corrosion in a 600 ℃ saturated oxygen liquid lead bismuth eutectic is shown in fig. 6. Since the difference from embodiment 1 is: a silicon carbide coating is not deposited on the surface of the martensite heat-resistant steel by an arc ion plating method, and an oxide film with the thickness of 100 mu m is formed on the surface of the martensite heat-resistant steel under the saturated oxygen high oxygen concentration.
Comparative example 3
In the comparative example, a metal sample with the diameter of 25mm and the thickness of 3mm after heat treatment was gradually polished to 2000# with metallographic abrasive paper, all edges were rounded, polished, ultrasonically cleaned with alcohol and acetone, and then dried, and the chemical composition and the heat treatment process of the metal material were the same as those of example 3. The section appearance of the liquid lead bismuth eutectic crystal etched for 1000 hours at 600 ℃ is not much different from that of the liquid lead bismuth eutectic crystal 2. Since the difference from example 3 is: a titanium nitride coating is not deposited on the surface of the martensite heat-resistant steel by an arc ion plating method, and under low oxygen concentration, no oxide film is formed on the surface of the martensite heat-resistant steel, and dissolution corrosion occurs; under the high oxygen concentration of saturated oxygen, an oxide film with the thickness of 80 μm is formed on the surface of the martensite heat-resistant steel.
The results of the examples and the comparative examples show that the invention can effectively improve the liquid metal corrosion resistance of the metal and prolong the service life of the metal material.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical ideas and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for improving the liquid metal corrosion resistance of martensite heat-resistant steel is characterized in that a silicon carbide coating is preset on the surface of the martensite heat-resistant steel.
2. The method for improving the liquid metal corrosion resistance of martensitic heat-resistant steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein a silicon carbide coating is prepared on the surface of the martensitic heat-resistant steel by a dual-glow plasma surface treatment method.
3. The method for improving the liquid metal corrosion resistance of a martensitic heat-resistant steel as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the martensitic heat-resistant steel is 9 to 12 wt% Cr martensitic heat-resistant steel.
4. The method for improving the resistance of martensitic heat-resistant steel to corrosion by liquid metal as claimed in claim 3, wherein the chemical composition in weight percent of the martensitic heat-resistant steel is: c is more than or equal to 0.05 percent and less than or equal to 0.35 percent, Si is more than or equal to 0 percent and less than or equal to 3 percent, Cr is more than or equal to 8 percent and less than or equal to 13 percent, W is more than or equal to 0 percent and less than or equal to 3 percent, Mn is more than 0 percent and less than or equal to 2.0 percent, Ta + Nb is less than or equal to 0.30 percent, V is more than 0 percent and less than or.
5. A method for improving the corrosion resistance of martensitic heat-resistant steel to liquid metal as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 4 wherein the liquid metal is a lead bismuth eutectic at 300 ℃ to 700 ℃.
6. The method for improving the liquid metal corrosion resistance of martensitic heat-resistant steel according to claim 1, 2 or 4, characterized by the specific steps of:
(1) pretreating the surface of the martensite heat-resistant steel: gradually grinding the martensite heat-resistant steel to 2000# abrasive paper by using metallographic abrasive paper, polishing, ultrasonically cleaning by using alcohol and acetone, and drying;
(2) vacuum degree of vacuum chamber of double-glow plasma plating equipment is less than 10-3Pa, taking a mixed gas of 99.99% of high-purity hydrogen and 99.99% of tetramethylsilane as a reaction gas, introducing argon with the purity of 99.99% as a protective gas as the reaction gas, and realizing plasma excitation;
(3) the technological conditions of the double glow plasma surface treatment are as follows: the flow rate of hydrogen is 10-20 ml/min, the partial pressure is controlled to be 40-70 Pa, the reaction temperature is 750-900 ℃, the heat preservation time is 20-40 min, negative bias voltage-500-600V is applied to a sample, and a silicon carbide coating with the thickness of 2-5 mu m is deposited on the surface of the martensite heat-resistant steel.
7. The method for improving the liquid metal corrosion resistance of martensitic heat-resistant steel according to claim 6, wherein the flow rate of tetramethylsilane is 0.5 to 3.0ml/min, and the flow rate of argon is 40 to 80 ml/min.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN114657509A (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2022-06-24 | 西安交通大学 | Ceramic-metal multilayer composite coating resistant to corrosion of liquid lead-bismuth alloy and preparation method thereof |
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