CN110760138A - Method for preparing wear-resistant plastic particles by using waste polystyrene - Google Patents

Method for preparing wear-resistant plastic particles by using waste polystyrene Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110760138A
CN110760138A CN201911128910.7A CN201911128910A CN110760138A CN 110760138 A CN110760138 A CN 110760138A CN 201911128910 A CN201911128910 A CN 201911128910A CN 110760138 A CN110760138 A CN 110760138A
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polystyrene
chitosan
solution
particles
stirring
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申乾成
申辉
黄振
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ANHUI GUANHONG PLASTIC INDUSTRY Co Ltd
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ANHUI GUANHONG PLASTIC INDUSTRY Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L25/00—Compositions of, homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L25/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons
    • C08L25/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of styrene
    • C08L25/06—Polystyrene
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B9/00—Making granules
    • B29B9/02—Making granules by dividing preformed material
    • B29B9/06—Making granules by dividing preformed material in the form of filamentary material, e.g. combined with extrusion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92504—Controlled parameter
    • B29C2948/9258—Velocity
    • B29C2948/9259—Angular velocity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92504—Controlled parameter
    • B29C2948/92704—Temperature
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
    • C08L2205/03—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend
    • C08L2205/035—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend containing four or more polymers in a blend
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2207/00—Properties characterising the ingredient of the composition
    • C08L2207/20—Recycled plastic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2312/00—Crosslinking

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing wear-resistant plastic particles by using waste polystyrene, which comprises the following steps: 1) putting waste polystyrene and liquid paraffin into a reaction kettle, carrying out heat treatment in a nitrogen environment, and then adding cobalt powder for natural cooling to obtain pretreated polystyrene; 2) adding tetraethyl orthosilicate into a chitosan solution, adding hydrochloric acid, placing the mixture in a water bath, adding glutaraldehyde, and reacting to obtain chitosan/silicon dioxide particles; 3) adding the pretreated polystyrene into cyclohexanone after being cut into granules and dried, adding polyvinylpyrrolidone, stirring and dissolving, and adding dried particles to obtain a coating liquid; 4) and (3) scraping the film on the substrate after the film coating liquid is treated, taking out after phase transfer, and melting and extruding the film, the plasticizer and the lubricant by a double-screw extruder. The invention realizes the obvious improvement of the wear-resisting property of the polystyrene by improving the bonding strength between the polystyrene and the silicon dioxide, and is suitable for large-scale and industrial production.

Description

Method for preparing wear-resistant plastic particles by using waste polystyrene
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of macromolecules, and particularly relates to a method for preparing wear-resistant plastic particles by using waste polystyrene.
Background
Plastics are used as important products in polymer synthetic materials, while the plastics industry meets the development of people's life and society, social and environmental problems caused by' white pollution 'caused by the sharp increase of plastic wastes are increasingly serious, the' white pollution 'caused by waste plastics begins to cause people's headache, a non-rotten and non-decomposed lunch box cannot be effectively recycled, and domestic plastic wastes cannot be treated from the beginning. The proliferation of plastic waste and the resulting social and environmental problems are at the forefront of people.
Recycled plastics are effective ways to solve pollution caused by plastics, but the recycled plastics have the defects of low strength, no toughness, poor wear resistance and the like, for example, polystyrene is a polymer synthesized by styrene monomers through a free radical addition polymerization reaction, and has the advantages of excellent electrical property, thermal stability, fluidity and the like, so that the recycled plastics are frequently used for manufacturing disposable tableware, automobile parts, packaging materials, toys, building materials, electric appliances, household goods and the like in daily life. However, the mechanical properties such as wear resistance and strength of polystyrene are poor, which limits the application of polystyrene in many fields, and the wear resistance of polystyrene obtained by reprocessing waste and old polystyrene is poorer, so in order to realize the recycling of waste and old polystyrene, the waste and old polystyrene needs to be treated to improve the wear resistance and strength, and the recycling of waste and old polystyrene can be really realized.
For example, chinese patent CN2017104055384 discloses a high-toughness high-wear-resistance polystyrene plastic and a preparation method thereof, and the wear resistance of the material is improved by adding high-strength coupling agent modified carbon black as a wear-resistant agent; for another example, chinese patent CN2017112266334 discloses a polystyrene-ABS resin wear-resistant composite material and a preparation method thereof, wherein nano ceramic particles are used as a wear-resistant agent, and a coupling agent is used to treat the nano ceramic particles, so as to increase the compatibility of the nano ceramic particles and the ABS resin, thereby improving the wear-resistant property of the composite material; the technical schemes adopted by the two patents are that the compatibility between the wear-resistant agent and the polymer resin is improved by adopting a method of treating the wear-resistant agent by using a coupling agent, so that a good blending system can be formed between the wear-resistant agent and the polymer resin, and the wear-resistant performance of the material is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the existing problems and provides a method for preparing wear-resistant plastic particles by using waste polystyrene.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for preparing wear-resistant plastic particles by using waste polystyrene comprises the following specific steps:
1) cleaning the recovered waste polystyrene, putting the waste polystyrene into a pressure reaction kettle, adding a proper amount of liquid paraffin according to the mass ratio of 1:1-1.5, sealing the reaction kettle, purging for 15-25min by using nitrogen, discharging air in the kettle to enable the reaction system to be in a nitrogen environment, starting a stirring device, heating to 200-phase at the rotation speed of 150-phase at 200r/min, performing heat treatment for 15-25min, then cooling to 110-phase at 130 ℃, discharging waste gas, adding cobalt powder accounting for 1-1.5% of the weight of the polystyrene, naturally cooling to room temperature, and performing solid-liquid separation to obtain a solid phase product for later use, thereby obtaining pretreated polystyrene; in the invention, waste polystyrene is placed in a pressure reaction kettle for heat treatment, carbon-carbon bonds of partial polystyrene side chains are cracked under the action of high temperature, partial carbon chains are cracked to generate free radicals, the free radicals form methyl at one end of the carbon chains after abstracting hydrogen on other carbon atoms, and oxygen entering the reaction kettle can oxidize the methyl into carboxyl under the catalytic action of cobalt in the subsequent cooling process, so that the end chains of the polystyrene subjected to heat treatment contain partial carboxyl groups; the added liquid paraffin can improve the mass transfer and heat transfer in the heat treatment process of the polystyrene and inhibit the coking phenomenon caused by local overheating during the heat treatment of the polystyrene;
2) adding a certain amount of chitosan into 1-3% acetic acid solution, placing the mixture in a water bath kettle for full dissolution to obtain 10-15% chitosan solution, then adding tetraethyl orthosilicate with the mass ratio of 2-3:7 to the chitosan, fully stirring the mixture at 100-, obtaining chitosan/silica microparticles; according to the invention, tetraethyl orthosilicate is added into a chitosan solution to be fully hydrolyzed, cross-linking reaction can be carried out on added cross-linking agent glutaraldehyde molecules and chitosan molecules in a mixed solution under an acidic condition, and the cross-linked chitosan molecules can gradually form a chitosan cross-linking network in the mixed solution, so that aqueous phase droplets in the mixed solution are continuously solidified and shrunk to form loose and porous chitosan/silicon dioxide particles, the particles are in a loose and porous structure, and the particles and polystyrene have larger surface contact area, thereby being beneficial to improving the interfacial force between the particles and the polystyrene;
3) cutting pretreated polystyrene into particles by a granulator, respectively putting the particles and chitosan/silicon dioxide particles into an oven, drying for 15-20h at 50-60 ℃, then adding the dried pretreated polystyrene into cyclohexanone solution, adding a small amount of polyvinylpyrrolidone, mechanically stirring for 5-7h in a water bath at 65-75 ℃ at the rotating speed of 200-350r/min to completely dissolve the pretreated polystyrene to obtain homogeneous organic solution, then adding the chitosan/silicon dioxide particles, and continuously stirring for 2-3h to obtain a coating solution with the polyvinylpyrrolidone content of 1-1.5%, the chitosan/silicon dioxide particles content of 3-6% and the pretreated polystyrene content of 30-45%; the added polyvinylpyrrolidone can be enriched on the surface of the formed adhesive film, when the surface of the adhesive film is contacted with water, the polyvinylpyrrolidone can be dissolved in the water to form a channel in which a non-solvent is immersed in the adhesive film, so that a growing point of a hole is formed, and then the polyvinylpyrrolidone can grow to the parent body of the adhesive film to form the hole, so that a hole-shaped structure is formed in the adhesive film;
4) vacuum defoaming the coating liquid for 20-30min under the vacuum degree of-0.08-0.15 MPa, heating to 90-110 ℃, carrying out heat preservation treatment for 1-1.5h, then selecting one of a glass substrate, an aluminum substrate and a polytetrafluoroethylene plate as a substrate, scraping the coating liquid on the substrate with a smooth surface, placing the scraped coating liquid and the substrate in water for phase transfer for 20-30h, taking out the adhesive film, drying in a constant-temperature vacuum drying box at 50-60 ℃ for 10-20h, crushing the dried adhesive film, mixing with a plasticizer and a lubricant at the temperature of 110 ℃ and 500r/min for 1-2h, then placing in a double-screw extruder for high-temperature dissolution and extrusion, wherein the eight zones of the double-screw extruder are respectively 175 ℃ and 180 ℃ in one zone and 190 ℃ in the second zone, the three-region is 195-plus 200 ℃, the four-region is 200-plus 205 ℃, the five-region is 210-plus 215 ℃, the six-region is 215-plus 220 ℃, the seven-region is 225-plus 230 ℃, the eight-region is 235-plus 240 ℃, the head temperature is 235-plus 240 ℃, the screw rotating speed is 120-plus 140r/min, cutting and molding are carried out after cooling by a water cooling tank at the temperature of 20-25 ℃, and the wear-resistant plastic particles can be obtained, the used plasticizer is selected from one or more of aliphatic dibasic acid esters, phthalic acid esters and benzene polyacid esters, the using amount is 1-2% of the weight of the coating liquid, the used lubricant is selected from one or more of silicone oil, silicate ester and phosphate ester, and the using amount is 2-3% of the weight of the coating liquid; the method comprises the steps of defoaming the coating solution in vacuum, carrying out heat treatment, and then placing the coating solution in water for phase transfer to enable a solvent in the coating solution to carry out mass transfer exchange, so that the solvent is subjected to phase separation from a homogeneous polymer solution, and the polymer solution is converted into a three-dimensional macromolecular network type gel structure, wherein polystyrene is a continuous phase in the gel structure, a disperse phase is a porous structure left after polyvinylpyrrolidone is eluted, chitosan/silicon dioxide particles can be dispersed in the porous structure, and hydroxyl groups on the surfaces of the particles and carboxyl groups contained in polystyrene end chains form hydrogen bonds to be bonded together, so that the interfacial force between the chitosan/silicon dioxide particles and polystyrene is improved, and the effect of enhancing the wear resistance of polystyrene is achieved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
according to the method for preparing the wear-resistant plastic particles by using the waste polystyrene, the recycled polystyrene and the silicon dioxide used as the wear-resistant agent are respectively pretreated, so that the compatibility between the recycled polystyrene and the silicon dioxide is improved, the interaction force between the recycled polystyrene and the silicon dioxide is enhanced, the bonding strength between the recycled polystyrene and the silicon dioxide is improved, the wear-resistant performance of the polystyrene is remarkably improved, the defect of poor wear-resistant performance of the regenerated polystyrene is effectively overcome, the application range of the polystyrene is enlarged, and the method is suitable for large-scale industrial production.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
A method for preparing wear-resistant plastic particles by using waste polystyrene comprises the following specific steps:
1) cleaning the recovered waste polystyrene, putting the cleaned waste polystyrene into a pressure reaction kettle, adding a proper amount of liquid paraffin according to the mass ratio of 1:1, sealing the reaction kettle, purging for 15min by using nitrogen, discharging air in the kettle to enable a reaction system to be in a nitrogen environment, then starting a stirring device, heating to 200 ℃ at the rotating speed of 150r/min, carrying out heat treatment for 25min, then cooling to 110 ℃, discharging waste gas, adding cobalt powder accounting for 1% of the weight of the polystyrene, naturally cooling to room temperature, and carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain a solid-phase product for later use, thereby obtaining pretreated polystyrene;
2) adding a certain amount of chitosan into an acetic acid solution with the concentration of 1%, placing the mixture into a water bath kettle, fully dissolving the mixture to obtain a chitosan solution with the content of 10%, then adding tetraethyl orthosilicate with the mass ratio of 2:7 to the chitosan, fully stirring the mixture at 100r/min, then adding hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 35% and the weight of 1% of the chitosan solution, continuing stirring the mixture at room temperature for 20 hours to obtain a mixed solution, then placing the mixed solution into a water bath with the temperature of 50 ℃, adding a glutaraldehyde solution with the content of 23% according to the weight of the chitosan solution, carrying out crosslinking reaction for 1 hour, carrying out centrifugal separation on the obtained product at 4000r/min for 25 minutes, then carrying out reaction washing by using deionized water and acetone, and then placing the mixed solution into a greenhouse for natural air drying to obtain chitosan/silicon dioxide particles;
3) cutting pretreated polystyrene into particles by a granulator, respectively putting the particles and chitosan/silicon dioxide particles into an oven, drying the particles for 20 hours at 50 ℃, then adding the dried pretreated polystyrene into cyclohexanone solution, adding a small amount of polyvinylpyrrolidone, mechanically stirring the solution for 7 hours in a 65 ℃ water bath at the rotating speed of 200r/min to completely dissolve the pretreated polystyrene to obtain homogeneous organic solution, then adding the chitosan/silicon dioxide particles, and continuously stirring the solution for 3 hours to obtain coating liquid with the polyvinylpyrrolidone content of 1%, the chitosan/silicon dioxide particle content of 3% and the pretreated polystyrene content of 30%;
4) vacuum defoaming the coating liquid for 20min under the vacuum degree of-0.08 MPa, heating to 90 ℃, carrying out heat preservation treatment for 1.5h, then scraping the coating liquid on a glass substrate with a smooth surface, placing the scraped coating liquid and the glass substrate in water for phase transfer for 20h, then taking out an adhesive film, placing the adhesive film in a constant-temperature vacuum drying oven at 50 ℃ for drying for 20h, crushing the dried adhesive film, mixing the crushed adhesive film with an aliphatic dibasic acid ester plasticizer accounting for 1 percent of the weight of the coating liquid and silicone oil accounting for 2 percent of the weight of the coating liquid at 100 ℃ and 400r/min for 2h, then putting the mixture into a double-screw extruder for high-temperature dissolution and extrusion, wherein the eight zones of the double-screw extruder are respectively 175 ℃ in the first zone, 185 ℃ in the second zone, 195 ℃ in the third zone, 200 ℃ in the fifth zone, 210 ℃ in the sixth zone, 215 ℃ in the seventh zone, 235 ℃ in the eighth zone, the head temperature is, and cooling the mixture in a water cooling tank at 20 ℃, and then cutting and forming to obtain the wear-resistant plastic particles.
Adopting a cutting disc type friction pair, carrying out friction and wear performance test on a sample by a vertical universal friction and wear testing machine, wherein the sample adopts a cylindrical body with the height of 15mm and the diameter of 4mm, a friction pair part of the testing machine is a steel ring, the rotating speed is 300r/min, and the constant load is 2The test sample is continuously rubbed for 180min under the dry friction condition of 00N, and the test sample prepared in the embodiment has the friction factor of 0.03 and the wear rate of 4.1 multiplied by 10-7mm3V (n.m); directly cleaning waste polystyrene, and then carrying out melt extrusion on the cleaned waste polystyrene, silicon dioxide, aliphatic dibasic acid ester plasticizer and silicone oil to prepare a sample, wherein the friction factor of the prepared sample is 0.15, and the wear rate is 18.3 multiplied by 10-7mm3V (n.m); the pretreatment of the waste polystyrene in the step (1) is removed, the friction factor of the prepared sample is 0.12, and the wear rate is 15.7 multiplied by 10-7mm3V (n.m); the same amount of silica having the same particle diameter was used in place of the chitosan/silica fine particles in step (2), and the friction factor of the prepared sample was 0.11 and the wear rate was 13.2X 10-7mm3V (n.m); coating the coating solution obtained in the step (4) on a glass substrate after vacuum defoaming, directly drying and crushing after scraping, and then carrying out melt extrusion with aliphatic dibasic acid ester plasticizer and silicone oil to obtain a sample with the friction factor of 0.08 and the wear rate of 9.7 multiplied by 10-7mm3V (n.m); through the test, the wear-resistant plastic particles prepared by the embodiment have excellent wear resistance, the wear resistance of the polystyrene is obviously improved, and the defect of poor wear resistance of the regenerated polystyrene is effectively overcome.
Example 2
A method for preparing wear-resistant plastic particles by using waste polystyrene comprises the following specific steps:
1) cleaning the recycled waste polystyrene, putting the cleaned waste polystyrene into a pressure reaction kettle, adding a proper amount of liquid paraffin according to the mass ratio of 1:1.2, sealing the reaction kettle, purging for 20min by using nitrogen, discharging air in the kettle to enable the reaction system to be in a nitrogen environment, starting a stirring device, heating to 210 ℃ at the rotating speed of 180r/min, carrying out heat treatment for 20min, then cooling to 120 ℃, discharging waste gas, adding cobalt powder accounting for 1.3 percent of the weight of the polystyrene, naturally cooling to room temperature, carrying out solid-liquid separation, and keeping a solid-phase product for later use to obtain pretreated polystyrene
2) Adding a certain amount of chitosan into an acetic acid solution with the concentration of 2%, placing the mixture into a water bath kettle for full dissolution to obtain a chitosan solution with the content of 13%, then adding tetraethyl orthosilicate with the mass ratio of 2.5:7 to the chitosan, fully stirring the mixture at 150r/min, then adding hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 37% and the weight of 1.5% of the chitosan solution, continuing stirring the mixture at room temperature for 23 hours to obtain a mixed solution, then placing the mixed solution into a water bath with the temperature of 55 ℃, adding a glutaraldehyde solution with the content of 25% according to the weight of 1.1% of the chitosan solution, carrying out crosslinking reaction for 1.5 hours, carrying out centrifugal separation on the obtained product at 5500r/min for 20 minutes, then carrying out reaction washing by using deionized water and acetone, and then placing the mixed solution into a greenhouse for natural air drying to obtain chitosan/silicon dioxide particles;
3) cutting pretreated polystyrene into particles by a granulator, respectively putting the particles and chitosan/silicon dioxide particles into an oven, drying for 18h at 55 ℃, then adding the dried pretreated polystyrene into cyclohexanone solution, adding a small amount of polyvinylpyrrolidone, mechanically stirring for 6h in 70 ℃ water bath at the rotating speed of 280r/min to completely dissolve the pretreated polystyrene to obtain homogeneous organic solution, then adding the chitosan/silicon dioxide particles, and continuously stirring for 2.5h to obtain a coating solution with the polyvinylpyrrolidone content of 1.3%, the chitosan/silicon dioxide particle content of 5% and the pretreated polystyrene content of 39%;
4) vacuum defoaming the coating liquid for 25min under the vacuum degree of-0.12 MPa, heating to 100 ℃, carrying out heat preservation treatment for 1.2h, then scraping the coating liquid on an aluminum substrate with a smooth surface, placing the scraped coating liquid and the aluminum substrate in water for phase transfer for 24h, then taking out an adhesive film, placing the adhesive film in a constant-temperature vacuum drying oven at 55 ℃ for drying for 15h, crushing the dried adhesive film, mixing the crushed adhesive film with a phthalate plasticizer accounting for 1.5 percent of the weight of the coating liquid and silicate accounting for 2.5 percent of the weight of the coating liquid at 105 ℃ and 450r/min for 1.5h, then placing the mixture into a double-screw extruder for high-temperature dissolution and extrusion, wherein the eight zones of the double-screw extruder are 177 ℃ in the first zone, 187 ℃ in the second zone, 196 ℃ in the third zone, 203 ℃ in the fourth zone, 212 ℃ in the fifth zone, 217 ℃ in the sixth zone, 228 ℃ in the seventh zone, 236 ℃ in the eighth zone, and cooling the mixture in a water cooling tank at 23 ℃, and then cutting and forming to obtain the wear-resistant plastic particles.
By using friction pairs of cutting discs, by vertical typeThe universal friction and wear testing machine is used for testing the friction and wear performance of a sample, the sample is a cylindrical body with the height of 15mm and the diameter of 4mm, a friction mating part of the testing machine is a steel ring, the sample is continuously rubbed for 180min under the dry friction conditions that the rotating speed is 300r/min and the constant load is 200N, through the test, the friction factor of the sample prepared in the embodiment is 0.03, and the wear rate is 4.7 multiplied by 10-7mm3/(N.m)。
Example 3
A method for preparing wear-resistant plastic particles by using waste polystyrene comprises the following specific steps:
1) cleaning the recycled waste polystyrene, putting the cleaned waste polystyrene into a pressure reaction kettle, adding a proper amount of liquid paraffin according to the mass ratio of 1:1.5, sealing the reaction kettle, purging for 25min by using nitrogen, discharging air in the kettle to enable the reaction system to be in a nitrogen environment, starting a stirring device, heating to 220 ℃ at the rotating speed of 200r/min, carrying out heat treatment for 15min, then cooling to 130 ℃, discharging waste gas, adding cobalt powder accounting for 1.5 percent of the weight of the polystyrene, naturally cooling to room temperature, carrying out solid-liquid separation, and keeping a solid-phase product for later use to obtain pretreated polystyrene
2) Adding a certain amount of chitosan into an acetic acid solution with the concentration of 3%, placing the mixture into a water bath kettle for full dissolution to obtain a chitosan solution with the content of 15%, then adding tetraethyl orthosilicate with the mass ratio of 3:7 to the chitosan, adding hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 40% and the weight of 2% of the chitosan solution after full stirring, continuing stirring for 25 hours at room temperature to obtain a mixed solution, then placing the mixed solution into a water bath with the temperature of 60 ℃, adding a glutaraldehyde solution with the content of 27% according to the weight of 1.5% of the chitosan solution, carrying out crosslinking reaction for 2 hours, carrying out centrifugal separation on the obtained product at 7000r/min for 15 minutes, then carrying out reaction washing by using deionized water and acetone, and then placing the mixed solution into a greenhouse for natural air drying to obtain chitosan/silicon dioxide particles;
3) cutting pretreated polystyrene into particles by a granulator, respectively putting the particles and chitosan/silicon dioxide particles into an oven, drying for 15h at 60 ℃, then adding the dried pretreated polystyrene into cyclohexanone solution, adding a small amount of polyvinylpyrrolidone, mechanically stirring for 5h in 75 ℃ water bath at the rotating speed of 350r/min to completely dissolve the pretreated polystyrene to obtain homogeneous organic solution, then adding the chitosan/silicon dioxide particles, and continuously stirring for 2h to obtain a coating solution with the polyvinylpyrrolidone content of 1.5%, the chitosan/silicon dioxide particle content of 6% and the pretreated polystyrene content of 45%;
4) vacuum defoaming the coating liquid for 20min under the vacuum degree of-0.15 MPa, heating to 110 ℃, carrying out heat preservation treatment for 1h, then scraping the coating liquid on a polytetrafluoroethylene plate with a smooth surface, placing the scraped coating liquid and the polytetrafluoroethylene plate in water for phase transfer for 30h, taking out an adhesive film, placing the adhesive film in a constant-temperature vacuum drying oven at 60 ℃ for drying for 10h, crushing the dried adhesive film, mixing the crushed adhesive film with a benzene polyacid ester plasticizer accounting for 2 percent of the weight of the coating liquid and phosphate accounting for 3 percent of the weight of the coating liquid at 110 ℃ and 500r/min under stirring for 1h, then putting the mixture into a double-screw extruder for high-temperature dissolution and extrusion, wherein the eight zones of the double-screw extruder are respectively 180 ℃ in the first zone, 190 ℃ in the second zone, 200 ℃ in the third zone, 205 ℃ in the fourth zone, 215 ℃ in the fifth zone, 220 ℃ in the seventh zone, 230 ℃ in the eighth zone, 240 ℃ in the head temperature of, and cooling the mixture in a water cooling tank at 25 ℃, and then cutting and forming to obtain the wear-resistant plastic particles.
A disc-cutting type friction pair is adopted, a vertical universal friction and wear testing machine is used for testing the friction and wear performance of a sample, the sample is a cylindrical body with the height of 15mm and the diameter of 4mm, a friction pair part of the testing machine is a steel ring, the sample is continuously rubbed for 180min under the dry friction condition that the rotating speed is 300r/min and the constant load is 200N, and through the test, the friction factor of the sample prepared in the embodiment is 0.04, and the wear rate is 5.2 multiplied by 10-7mm3/(N.m)。
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that are not thought of through the inventive work should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A method for preparing wear-resistant plastic particles by using waste polystyrene is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) cleaning the recovered waste polystyrene, putting the cleaned waste polystyrene into a pressure reaction kettle, adding a proper amount of liquid paraffin, sealing the reaction kettle, purging for 15-25min by using nitrogen, discharging air in the kettle to enable the reaction system to be in a nitrogen environment, starting a stirring device, heating to 200-phase at a rotation speed of 150-phase at 200r/min, performing heat treatment for 15-25min, cooling to 110-phase at 130 ℃, discharging waste gas, adding a small amount of cobalt powder, naturally cooling to room temperature, performing solid-liquid separation, and reserving a solid-phase product to obtain pretreated polystyrene;
2) adding a certain amount of chitosan into an acetic acid solution, placing the mixture into a water bath kettle for full dissolution to obtain a chitosan solution, then adding a proper amount of tetraethyl orthosilicate, fully stirring the mixture, adding catalyst hydrochloric acid, continuing stirring the mixture for 20 to 25 hours at room temperature to obtain a mixed solution, then placing the mixed solution into a water bath at 50 to 60 ℃, adding a proper amount of glutaraldehyde solution, carrying out crosslinking reaction for 1 to 2 hours, centrifugally separating the obtained product, then reacting and washing the product with deionized water and acetone, and then placing the product in a greenhouse for natural air drying to obtain chitosan/silicon dioxide particles;
3) cutting pretreated polystyrene into particles by a granulator, respectively putting the particles and chitosan/silicon dioxide particles into a drying oven, drying for 15-20h at 50-60 ℃, then adding the dried pretreated polystyrene into cyclohexanone solution, adding a small amount of polyvinylpyrrolidone, mechanically stirring for 5-7h in a water bath at 65-75 ℃ to completely dissolve the pretreated polystyrene to obtain homogeneous organic solution, then adding the chitosan/silicon dioxide particles, and continuously stirring for 2-3h to obtain coating liquid;
4) vacuum defoaming the coating liquid for 20-30min, heating to 90-110 ℃, carrying out heat preservation treatment for 1-1.5h, then scraping the coating liquid on a substrate with a smooth surface, placing the scraped coating liquid and the substrate in water for phase transfer for 20-30h, taking out the adhesive film, drying in a constant-temperature vacuum drying oven at 50-60 ℃ for 10-20h, crushing the dried adhesive film, uniformly stirring with a plasticizer and a lubricant, melting and extruding by a double-screw extruder, cooling by a cooling water tank, and cutting and molding to obtain the wear-resistant plastic particles.
2. The method for preparing wear-resistant plastic particles by using waste polystyrene as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the preparation step 1), the mass ratio of the liquid paraffin to the polystyrene is 1: 1-1.5; the addition amount of the cobalt powder is 1-1.5% of the weight of the polystyrene.
3. The method for preparing wear-resistant plastic particles by using waste polystyrene as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the preparation step 2), the chitosan content in the chitosan solution is 10-15%, and the concentration of the acetic acid solution is 1-3%; the mass ratio of the tetraethyl orthosilicate to the chitosan is 2-3: 7; the concentration of the hydrochloric acid is 35-40%, and the dosage of the hydrochloric acid is 1-2% of the weight of the chitosan solution; the rotating speed of the stirring is 100-180 r/min; the content of glutaraldehyde in the glutaraldehyde solution is 23-27%, and the using amount of the glutaraldehyde solution is 0.8-1.5% of the weight of the chitosan solution; the rotational speed of the centrifugal separation is 4000-7000r/min, and the separation time is 15-25 min.
4. The method for preparing wear-resistant plastic granules by using waste polystyrene as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the preparation step 3), the content of polyvinylpyrrolidone in the coating solution is 1-1.5%, the content of chitosan/silica particles in the coating solution is 3-6%, the content of pretreated polystyrene in the coating solution is 30-45%, and the balance is cyclohexanone; the rotation speed of the mechanical stirring is 200-350 r/min.
5. The method for preparing wear-resistant plastic granules by using waste polystyrene as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the preparation step 4), the vacuum degree of vacuum defoaming is-0.08 to-0.15 MPa; the substrate is one of a glass substrate, an aluminum substrate and a polytetrafluoroethylene plate; the plasticizer is selected from one or more of aliphatic dibasic acid esters, phthalic acid esters and benzene polyacid esters, and the using amount of the plasticizer is 1-2% of the weight of the coating liquid; the lubricant is selected from one or more of silicone oil, silicate ester and phosphate ester, and the dosage of the lubricant is 2-3% of the weight of the coating liquid; the stirring temperature of the raw materials is 110 ℃ plus 100 ℃, the rotating speed is 500r/min plus 400, and the stirring time is 1-2 h; the eight zones of the double-screw extruder are respectively at the temperature of 175-; the water cooling temperature is 20-25 ℃.
CN201911128910.7A 2019-11-18 2019-11-18 Method for preparing wear-resistant plastic particles by using waste polystyrene Withdrawn CN110760138A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114044854A (en) * 2021-11-26 2022-02-15 南京越升挤出机械有限公司 Method and device for recovering waste polystyrene plastic
CN116874231A (en) * 2023-09-07 2023-10-13 山东绿达建设发展集团有限公司 Preparation method of asphalt mixture containing waste PET

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114044854A (en) * 2021-11-26 2022-02-15 南京越升挤出机械有限公司 Method and device for recovering waste polystyrene plastic
CN114044854B (en) * 2021-11-26 2023-08-22 江苏越升科技股份有限公司 Recovery method and recovery device for waste polystyrene plastic
CN116874231A (en) * 2023-09-07 2023-10-13 山东绿达建设发展集团有限公司 Preparation method of asphalt mixture containing waste PET
CN116874231B (en) * 2023-09-07 2023-12-22 山东绿达建设发展集团有限公司 Preparation method of asphalt mixture containing waste PET

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