CN110759714A - High-performance domestic ceramic for dish washer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-performance domestic ceramic for dish washer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-performance domestic ceramic for a dish washer, which consists of a domestic ceramic blank and a coating fully coated on the surface of the domestic ceramic blank; the slurry of the coating consists of a base material and a binder solution according to the weight ratio of 1: 1.1-1.5; the base material comprises the following raw materials of 10-25 wt% of nano alumina, 30-55 wt% of quartz micropowder, 10-30 wt% of MgO, 2-10 wt% of zirconium silicate and 4-12 wt% of spodumene; the binder solution is one or a combination of CMC, PVA and PVB, and the concentration of the binder solution is 0.5-2 wt%. In addition, the preparation method of the high-performance domestic ceramic for the dish washing machine is also disclosed. According to the invention, through the formula design, the dual-reinforced coating material of prestress and dispersion strengthening is applied to the surface of the domestic ceramic blank, so that the strength, the thermal shock resistance, the alkali resistance and the service life of the domestic ceramic are obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ceramic materials, in particular to high-performance domestic ceramic for a dish washing machine and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the continuous improvement of living standard, the dish washing machine becomes one of the important components of modern kitchen appliances, and is widely applied to dining places such as restaurants, hotels, dining halls and the like, thereby not only reducing the labor intensity of people and improving the working efficiency, but also increasing the degree of cleanness and sanitation, and being deeply loved by people. However, the dish-washing machine has high requirements on the strength and the thermal stability of the daily ceramic, and the alkaline washing liquid special for the dish-washing machine has strong corrosivity on the daily ceramic product, so the service life of the daily ceramic is seriously shortened.
Domestic ceramic production enterprises reach thousands of families, the production value is over billion, and the ceramic production enterprises play an important role in national economy. As is known, the prestress reinforcement design is widely used in the field of concrete structures and tempered glass (prestressed glass), but due to the complexity of ceramic materials, how to utilize the prestress technology to improve the thermal shock resistance and the service life of the daily ceramic under the condition of a specific dish washing machine and solve the problem that the daily ceramic product has poor performance of washing bowls and machines is still needed to be solved in the field of the current daily ceramic.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide high-performance domestic ceramic for a dish washing machine, wherein the strength, the thermal shock resistance, the alkali resistance and the service life of the domestic ceramic are obviously improved by applying a prestress and dispersion strengthening double-reinforced coating material on the surface of a domestic ceramic blank. The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the high-performance domestic ceramic for the dish-washing machine.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a high-performance domestic ceramic for a dish-washing machine, which consists of a domestic ceramic blank and a coating fully coated on the surface of the domestic ceramic blank; the slurry of the coating consists of a base material and a binder solution according to the weight ratio of 1: 1.1-1.5; the base material comprises the following raw materials of 10-25 wt% of nano alumina, 30-55 wt% of quartz micropowder, 10-30 wt% of MgO, 2-10 wt% of zirconium silicate and 4-12 wt% of spodumene; the binder solution is one or a combination of CMC, PVA and PVB, and the concentration of the binder solution is 0.5-2 wt%.
The invention provides prestress by adjusting and optimizing the formula system of the coating slurry and controlling the difference between the thermal expansion coefficient and the elastic modulus of the coating and the blank, and simultaneously, the added zirconium silicate can be used for dispersion strengthening, thereby obviously improving the strength and the performance of the domestic ceramic through the dual effects of prestress strengthening and dispersion strengthening.
Furthermore, the granularity of the quartz micro powder is 800-1200 meshes.
Furthermore, the domestic ceramic blank comprises 20-40 wt% of Jipai soil, 25-35 wt% of quartz, 10-30 wt% of Datong soil and 15-25 wt% of feldspar.
In the scheme, the expansion coefficient of the domestic ceramic blank is larger than the expansion coefficient of the coating multiplied by 1.1; the elastic modulus multiplied by 1.3 of the domestic ceramic body is less than that of the coating.
The other purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a preparation method of the high-performance domestic ceramic for the dish washing machine, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a domestic ceramic blank: preparing raw materials according to the domestic ceramic blank, carrying out wet ball milling, sieving to remove iron, carrying out vacuum pugging, ageing, carrying out plastic molding, trimming, drying, carrying out biscuit firing at the temperature of 550-800 ℃, and cooling to obtain the domestic ceramic blank;
(2) preparing coating slurry: preparing materials according to the components of the base material, adding a binder solution as a ball milling medium, carrying out ball milling mixing, and sieving to obtain coating slurry;
(3) fully coating the surface of the daily ceramic blank with the coating slurry, and drying in the shade at room temperature to obtain a blank coated with a coating;
(4) and sintering the blank coated with the coating, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the high-performance domestic ceramic for the dish-washing machine.
Further, in the step (1) of the preparation method, wet ball milling is carried out according to the ratio of the ingredients to the balls to the water of 1: 2: 0.5-0.7; the aging time is 12-24 hours, and the water content after plastic forming is 20-26%. In the step (3), the coating thickness of the coating is 0.1-0.3 mm. And (4) sintering at 1280-1360 ℃, wherein the heating rate is 2-6 ℃/min, and the heat preservation time is 20-40 min.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the invention, through the formula design, the prestress and dispersion strengthening dual-reinforced coating material is formed on the surface of the domestic ceramic blank, so that the strength (the breaking strength is improved by 90%) and the thermal shock resistance (the cracking resistance is not generated at 220-normal temperature and 5-7 times of heat exchange) of the domestic ceramic are obviously improved, and the safety in practical use is improved.
(2) The chemical composition of the raw material of the coating material is SiO2、Al2O3、MgO、ZrO2The alkali resistance of the prepared high-performance domestic ceramic reaches the optimal level of the European Union bowl washing-resistant machine detection standard.
(3) The raw materials of the invention are nontoxic and pollution-free, and are environment-friendly, and the whole preparation process is green, clean and pollution-free.
(4) The invention has simple and easy process, low raw material price and easy industrial application and popularization.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows:
1. the embodiment provides high-performance domestic ceramic for a dish washer, which consists of a domestic ceramic blank and a coating fully coated on the surface of the domestic ceramic blank.
The raw material composition of the domestic ceramic blank is 30 wt% of Jiepai soil, 27 wt% of quartz, 20 wt% of Daqiong soil and 23 wt% of feldspar.
The coating slurry consists of base material and adhesive solution in the weight ratio of 1 to 1.2; the base material comprises 20 wt% of nano alumina, 50 wt% of quartz micro powder (the granularity is 800-1200 meshes), 15 wt% of MgO, 5wt% of zirconium silicate and 10 wt% of spodumene, and the binder solution is a PVA solution, and the concentration of the PVA solution is 0.5 wt%.
2. The preparation method of the high-performance domestic ceramic for the dish washer comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a domestic ceramic blank: preparing the raw materials of the domestic ceramic blank, performing wet ball milling (the ratio of the materials to balls to water is 1: 2: 0.5), sieving to remove iron (0.1 percent of sieve residue of a 250-mesh sieve), performing vacuum pugging, ageing for 12 hours, performing plastic molding (the water content is 23 percent), trimming, drying, biscuit firing at 750 ℃, and cooling to obtain the domestic ceramic blank;
(2) preparing coating slurry: mixing the components of the base materials, adding a binder solution as a ball milling medium, performing ball milling and mixing (the ratio of the base materials to balls is 1: 2), and sieving to obtain coating slurry;
(3) fully coating the surface of the domestic ceramic blank with the coating slurry by adopting a glaze spraying method, wherein the coating thickness of the coating is 0.2 mm, and then drying in the shade at room temperature to obtain a blank coated with the coating;
(4) and (3) heating the blank coated with the coating at the speed of 5 ℃/min, sintering at the temperature of 1300 ℃, keeping the temperature for 35min, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the high-performance domestic ceramic for the dish-washing machine.
In the high-performance domestic ceramic for a dishwasher according to this example, the expansion coefficient of the domestic ceramic base material/the expansion coefficient of the coating layer was 1.12, and the elastic modulus of the coating layer/the elastic modulus of the domestic ceramic base material was 1.35.
Example two:
the embodiment of the invention relates to a high-performance domestic ceramic for a dish-washing machine and a preparation method thereof, which are different from the embodiment I in that:
(1) the slurry of the coating of the embodiment comprises 22 wt% of nano alumina, 53 wt% of quartz micro powder (with the granularity of 800-1200 meshes), 15 wt% of MgO, 3 wt% of zirconium silicate and 7 wt% of spodumene as raw materials of a base material; the binder solution was a PVB solution with a concentration of 0.9 wt%.
(2) In step (3) of the production method of this example, the coating thickness of the coating layer was 0.15 mm.
(3) In step (4) of the preparation method of this embodiment, the temperature rise rate is 4 ℃/min, the heat preservation time is 30min, and the calcination temperature is 1320 ℃.
Example three:
the embodiment of the invention relates to a high-performance domestic ceramic for a dish-washing machine and a preparation method thereof, which are different from the embodiment I in that:
(1) the raw materials of the domestic ceramic blank in the embodiment comprise 25 wt% of Jiepai soil, 25 wt% of quartz, 25 wt% of Daqiong soil and 25 wt% of feldspar.
(2) The slurry of the coating of the embodiment comprises 17 wt% of nano alumina, 52 wt% of quartz micro powder (with the granularity of 800-1200 meshes), 11 wt% of MgO, 8 wt% of zirconium silicate and 12 wt% of spodumene as raw materials of a base material; the binder solution was a PVB solution with a concentration of 0.9 wt%.
(3) In step (1) of the preparation method of this example, the bisque firing temperature was 800 ℃.
(4) In step (3) of the production method of this example, the coating thickness of the coating layer was 0.25 mm.
(5) In the high-performance domestic ceramic for a dishwasher according to this example, the expansion coefficient of the domestic ceramic base material/the expansion coefficient of the coating layer was 1.11, and the elastic modulus of the coating layer/the elastic modulus of the domestic ceramic base material was 1.33.
Example four:
the embodiment of the invention relates to a high-performance domestic ceramic for a dish-washing machine and a preparation method thereof, which are different from the embodiment I in that:
(1) the slurry of the coating of the embodiment comprises a base material and a binder solution according to the weight ratio of 1: 1.4, wherein the base material comprises 19 wt% of nano alumina, 50 wt% of quartz micropowder (with the particle size of 800-1200 meshes), 13 wt% of MgO, 6 wt% of zirconium silicate and 12 wt% of spodumene; the binder solution was a CMC solution with a concentration of 0.5 wt%.
(2) In step (1) of the preparation process of this example, the ratio of ingredients, pellets and water is 1: 2: 0.6.
(3) In step (3) of the production method of this example, the coating thickness of the coating layer was 0.25 mm.
(4) In the high-performance domestic ceramic for a dishwasher according to this example, the expansion coefficient of the domestic ceramic base material/the expansion coefficient of the coating layer was 1.14, and the elastic modulus of the coating layer/the elastic modulus of the domestic ceramic base material was 1.36.
Example five:
the embodiment of the invention relates to a high-performance domestic ceramic for a dish-washing machine and a preparation method thereof, which are different from the embodiment I in that:
(1) the raw materials of the domestic ceramic body of the embodiment comprise 22 wt% of Jiepai soil, 26 wt% of quartz, 28 wt% of Daqiong soil and 24 wt% of feldspar.
(2) In the slurry of the coating of the embodiment, the raw material composition of the base material is 19 wt% of nano alumina, 51 wt% of quartz micro powder (the granularity is 800-1200 meshes), 10 wt% of MgO, 9 wt% of zirconium silicate and 11 wt% of spodumene; the binder solution was a PVA solution with a concentration of 1 wt.%.
(3) In step (1) of the preparation method of this example, the bisque firing temperature was 800 ℃.
(4) In step (3) of the production method of this example, the coating thickness of the coating layer was 0.23 mm.
(5) In step (4) of the preparation method of this embodiment, the temperature rise rate is 6 ℃/min, the calcination temperature is 1340 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 25 min.
(6) In the high-performance domestic ceramic for a dishwasher according to this example, the expansion coefficient of the domestic ceramic base material/the expansion coefficient of the coating layer was 1.12, and the elastic modulus of the coating layer/the elastic modulus of the domestic ceramic base material was 1.31.
The daily ceramic obtained by not coating the coating material on the green body of the daily ceramic for implementation and keeping other conditions unchanged is used as a comparative example corresponding to each example, and the following tests are carried out on the high-performance daily ceramic for the dishwasher prepared by the example of the invention and the comparative example:
and (3) testing the strength: based on a dimension specification test strip with the length of 40mm, the width of 10 mm and the thickness of 5 mm, the three-point method is adopted for measurement, and a mechanical and electronic universal tester with the model of XXW is used for testing.
And (3) testing thermal stability: the sample is heated to 220 ℃, and is put into normal temperature water quickly, and the cracking or deformation condition of the sample is observed.
Alkali resistance test: samples were visually inspected for changes in surface gloss and color using the EU standard BS EN 12875-4: 2006.
The test results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 ceramic articles of the examples of the present invention having strength, thermal shock resistance and alkali resistance
Claims (8)
1. The high-performance domestic ceramic for the dish washer is characterized in that: the ceramic coating is composed of a domestic ceramic blank and a coating fully coated on the surface of the domestic ceramic blank; the slurry of the coating consists of a base material and a binder solution according to the weight ratio of 1: 1.1-1.5; the base material comprises the following raw materials of 10-25 wt% of nano alumina, 30-55 wt% of quartz micropowder, 10-30 wt% of MgO, 2-10 wt% of zirconium silicate and 4-12 wt% of spodumene; the binder solution is one or a combination of CMC, PVA and PVB, and the concentration of the binder solution is 0.5-2 wt%.
2. The high-performance domestic ceramic for a dishwasher according to claim 1, wherein: the granularity of the quartz micro powder is 800-1200 meshes.
3. The high-performance domestic ceramic for a dishwasher according to claim 1, wherein: the domestic ceramic blank comprises 20-40 wt% of Jipai soil, 25-35 wt% of quartz, 10-30 wt% of Datong soil and 15-25 wt% of feldspar.
4. The high-performance domestic ceramic for a dishwasher according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein: the expansion coefficient of the domestic ceramic blank is larger than the expansion coefficient of the coating multiplied by 1.1; the elastic modulus multiplied by 1.3 of the domestic ceramic body is less than that of the coating.
5. A process for preparing a high-performance domestic ceramic for a dishwasher according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:
(1) preparing a domestic ceramic blank: preparing raw materials according to the domestic ceramic blank, carrying out wet ball milling, sieving to remove iron, carrying out vacuum pugging, ageing, carrying out plastic molding, trimming, drying, carrying out biscuit firing at the temperature of 550-800 ℃, and cooling to obtain the domestic ceramic blank;
(2) preparing coating slurry: preparing materials according to the components of the base material, adding a binder solution as a ball milling medium, carrying out ball milling mixing, and sieving to obtain coating slurry;
(3) fully coating the surface of the daily ceramic blank with the coating slurry, and drying in the shade at room temperature to obtain a blank coated with a coating;
(4) and sintering the blank coated with the coating, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the high-performance domestic ceramic for the dish-washing machine.
6. The method for preparing high-performance domestic ceramic for dish washer according to claim 5, wherein: in the step (1), performing wet ball milling according to the ratio of the ingredients to the balls to the water of 1: 2: 0.5-0.7; the aging time is 12-24 hours, and the water content after plastic forming is 20-26%.
7. The method for preparing high-performance domestic ceramic for dish washer according to claim 5, wherein: in the step (3), the coating thickness of the coating is 0.1-0.3 mm.
8. The method for preparing high-performance domestic ceramic for dish washer according to claim 5, wherein: and (4) sintering at 1280-1360 ℃, wherein the heating rate is 2-6 ℃/min, and the heat preservation time is 20-40 min.
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