CN110757086A - Butt joint ring welding device and welding system - Google Patents

Butt joint ring welding device and welding system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110757086A
CN110757086A CN201911058746.7A CN201911058746A CN110757086A CN 110757086 A CN110757086 A CN 110757086A CN 201911058746 A CN201911058746 A CN 201911058746A CN 110757086 A CN110757086 A CN 110757086A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
clamping
lifting
alignment
welded
welding
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Pending
Application number
CN201911058746.7A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
林泉
鲍永岩
刘克欣
田东辉
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Dalian Huizhida Technology Co Ltd
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Dalian Huizhida Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201911058746.7A priority Critical patent/CN110757086A/en
Publication of CN110757086A publication Critical patent/CN110757086A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K37/00Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
    • B23K37/04Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work
    • B23K37/053Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work aligning cylindrical work; Clamping devices therefor
    • B23K37/0533Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work aligning cylindrical work; Clamping devices therefor external pipe alignment clamps
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K37/00Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K37/00Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
    • B23K37/02Carriages for supporting the welding or cutting element
    • B23K37/0252Steering means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K37/00Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
    • B23K37/04Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work
    • B23K37/053Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work aligning cylindrical work; Clamping devices therefor
    • B23K37/0538Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work aligning cylindrical work; Clamping devices therefor for rotating tubes, e.g. rollers

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Automatic Assembly (AREA)

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of welding equipment, in particular to a butt joint girth welding device and a welding system. The butt-joint ring welding device comprises a first clamping device, a second clamping device and a steering welding device; the first clamping device and the second clamping device are oppositely arranged and used for respectively clamping a first object to be welded and a second object to be welded and enabling the welding end of the first object to be welded to be in butt joint with the welding end of the second object to be welded; and a steering welding device is arranged between the first clamping device and the second clamping device and can move circumferentially around the butt joint of the first object to be welded and the second object to be welded so as to weld the butt joint by girth welding. The application provides a butt joint girth welding device, through first clamping device, second clamping device and turn to welding set, realize treating the girth welding of welding object to first object of treating and second, use manpower sparingly, improve production efficiency.

Description

Butt joint ring welding device and welding system
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of welding equipment, in particular to a butt joint girth welding device and a welding system.
Background
For extended length welding of pipe, it is generally necessary to rotate the pipe to girth weld the pipe to the pipe. In the prior art, the material conveying and welding process mostly adopts manual operation. With the increase of the number of the welded pipes, the length of the welded pipe is also increased by multiple times. The difficulty of the manual rotation of the long pipe is high, the circular seam welding has higher requirements on the precision, the working efficiency of the existing welding mode is low, and the requirements on the operation level and the labor intensity of workers are higher.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the application is to provide a butt-joint girth welding device and welding system for treating the weldment and realizing high-efficient girth welding.
The application provides a butt-joint girth welding device which comprises a first clamping device, a second clamping device and a steering welding device;
the first clamping device and the second clamping device are oppositely arranged and used for respectively clamping a first object to be welded and a second object to be welded and enabling the welding end of the first object to be welded to be in butt joint with the welding end of the second object to be welded;
and a steering welding device is arranged between the first clamping device and the second clamping device and can move circumferentially around the butt joint of the first object to be welded and the second object to be welded so as to weld the butt joint by girth welding.
In the above technical solution, further, the first clamping device includes a first clamping seat, a first clamping cover, and a first lifting device, a clamping opening is formed between the first clamping seat and the first clamping cover to clamp the first object to be welded, and the first lifting device is configured to drive the first clamping cover to move, so that the first clamping seat and the first clamping cover are separated or close to each other;
the second clamping device comprises a second clamping seat, a second clamping cover and a second lifting device, a clamping opening is formed between the second clamping seat and the second clamping cover to clamp the second object to be welded, and the second lifting device is used for driving the second clamping cover to move so as to enable the second clamping seat and the second clamping cover to be separated or close.
In the above technical solution, further, the first lifting device includes a first alignment mechanism and a first lifting mechanism; the first alignment mechanism comprises a first alignment driving device and a first connecting piece, and the first lifting mechanism comprises a first lifting driving device and a first lifting support piece; when the first clamping seat is attached to the first clamping cover, the first connecting piece is connected with the first clamping seat and the first clamping cover; the first alignment driving device can drive the first connecting piece to move away from the first clamping seat, so that the first connecting piece is disconnected from the first clamping seat and is connected with the first lifting support piece; after the first connecting piece is disconnected with the first clamping seat, the first lifting driving device drives the first lifting supporting piece to move so that the first clamping cover is far away from or close to the first clamping seat; the first alignment driving device can drive the first connecting piece to move close to the first clamping seat, so that the first connecting piece is connected with the first clamping seat and the first clamping cover, and the first connecting piece is disconnected with the first lifting support piece;
the second lifting device comprises a second alignment mechanism and a second lifting mechanism; the second alignment mechanism comprises a second alignment drive and a second link, and the second lifting mechanism comprises a second lifting drive and a second lifting support; when the second clamping seat is attached to the second clamping cover, the second connecting piece is connected with the second clamping seat and the second clamping cover; the second alignment driving device can drive the second connecting piece to move away from the second clamping seat, so that the second connecting piece is disconnected from the second clamping seat and the second connecting piece is connected with the second lifting support piece; after the second connecting piece is disconnected with the second clamping seat, the second lifting driving device drives the second lifting support piece to move so as to enable the second clamping cover to be far away from or close to the second clamping seat; the second alignment driving device can drive the second connecting piece to move close to the second clamping seat, so that the second connecting piece is connected with the second clamping seat and the second clamping cover, and the second connecting piece is disconnected with the second lifting support piece.
In the above technical solution, further, a first slide rail assembly is disposed between the first alignment mechanism and the first lifting mechanism; the first slide rail assembly comprises a first rail and a first slider, the first rail is connected with the first lifting support, and the first slider is connected with the first alignment driving device; the first connecting piece is provided with threads, and threaded holes are formed in the first clamping seat, the first clamping cover and the first rail, so that the first connecting piece can be in threaded connection with the first clamping seat, the first clamping cover and the first rail;
a second slide rail assembly is arranged between the second alignment mechanism and the second lifting mechanism; the second slide rail assembly comprises a second rail and a second slider, the second rail is connected with the second lifting support, and the second slider is connected with the second alignment driving device; the second connecting piece is provided with threads, and threaded holes are formed in the second clamping seat, the second clamping cover and the second rail, so that the second connecting piece can be in threaded connection with the second clamping seat, the second clamping cover and the second rail.
In the above technical solution, further, the device further comprises a first alignment guide mechanism, wherein the first alignment guide mechanism comprises a first alignment guide rod and a first alignment guide plate; one end of the first alignment guide rod is connected with the first lifting support, and the other end of the first alignment guide rod is connected with the first clamping cover; the first alignment guide plate is arranged between the first alignment driving device and the first clamping device, and a first alignment guide hole is formed in the first alignment guide plate, so that a first alignment guide rod can pass through the first alignment guide hole and can slide;
the device also comprises a second alignment guide mechanism, wherein the second alignment guide mechanism comprises a second alignment guide rod and a second alignment guide plate; one end of the second alignment guide rod is connected with the second lifting support, and the other end of the second alignment guide rod is connected with the second clamping cover; the second alignment guide plate is arranged between the second alignment driving device and the second clamping device, and a second alignment guide hole is formed in the second alignment guide plate, so that the second alignment guide rod can penetrate through the second alignment guide hole and can slide.
In the above technical solution, further, the elevator further comprises a first lifting guide rod; one end of the first lifting guide rod is connected with the first alignment guide plate, and the other end of the first lifting guide rod is connected with the first lifting driving device; the first lifting support piece is provided with a first lifting guide hole, so that the first lifting guide rod passes through the first lifting guide hole and can slide;
the lifting device also comprises a second lifting guide rod; one end of the second lifting guide rod is connected with the second alignment guide plate, and the other end of the second lifting guide rod is connected with the second lifting driving device; the second lifting support piece is provided with a second lifting guide hole, so that the second lifting guide rod can pass through the second lifting guide hole and can slide.
In the above technical solution, further, the device further comprises a rotation driving device;
the first clamping device is provided with a first rotating part which can rotate relative to the first clamping device; and/or a second rotating part is arranged on the second clamping device and can rotate relative to the second clamping device; the steering welding device is connected with the first rotating part and/or the second rotating part; the first clamping device and/or the second clamping device are/is provided with the rotation driving device, and the rotation driving device is used for driving the first rotating part and/or the second rotating part to rotate.
In the above technical solution, further, the first rotating portion includes a first rotating connecting portion and a first rotating member connected to each other; the first clamping device comprises a first outer shell and a first inner shell, the first rotating member is positioned between the first outer shell and the first inner shell, and a first outer ring bearing is arranged between the first rotating member and the first outer shell so as to enable the first rotating member to rotate relative to the first outer shell; a first inner ring bearing is arranged between the first rotating member and the first inner shell so that the first rotating member can rotate relative to the first inner shell, and the first inner shell is used for clamping the first object to be welded;
the second rotating part comprises a second rotating connecting part and a second rotating component which are connected; the second clamping device comprises a second outer shell and a second inner shell, the second rotating member is positioned between the second outer shell and the second inner shell, and a second outer ring bearing is arranged between the second rotating member and the second outer shell so as to enable the second rotating member to rotate relative to the second outer shell; a second inner ring bearing is arranged between the second rotating member and the second inner shell so that the first rotating member rotates relative to the first inner shell, and the first inner shell is used for clamping the first object to be welded;
the first rotary connecting part and/or the second rotary connecting part are/is connected with the steering welding device, and the first rotary member and/or the second rotary member are/is connected with the rotary driving device for transmitting driving force.
In the above technical solution, further, the steering welding device further includes a linear motion mechanism and a welding gun main body, wherein the linear motion mechanism is used for driving the welding gun main body to move linearly;
the linear motion mechanism comprises a linear driving device, a motion guide rail and a motion sliding block; the motion guide rail is connected with the first rotating part and/or the second rotating part, the welding gun main body is connected with the motion sliding block, and the linear driving device is used for driving the motion sliding block to move along the guide direction of the motion guide rail.
The application also provides a welding system, including storage device, feeding device and above-mentioned scheme butt joint girth weld the device.
In the above technical scheme, further, the material storage device includes a support frame, a material pushing mechanism and a material guiding member;
the supporting frame is used for storing the objects to be welded, a feeding opening is formed in the supporting frame, the material guiding component is arranged at the feeding opening and used for guiding the objects to be welded at the feeding opening to the material conveying device;
the feeding port is also provided with the material pushing mechanism, and the material pushing mechanism is used for pushing the object to be welded to the material guiding component.
In the above technical scheme, further, the material feeding device and the detector are arranged at the material inlet and the material outlet of the butt-joint ring welding device;
the material conveying device comprises a first feeding mechanism, a second feeding mechanism and a plurality of supporting pulleys arranged at intervals, and the supporting pulleys at the material inlet of the butt-joint girth welding device and the material guide component are correspondingly arranged for bearing the objects to be welded;
when the first feeding mechanism clamps the object to be welded, the first feeding mechanism and the second feeding mechanism move oppositely to transfer the object to be welded to the second feeding mechanism; when the second feeding mechanism clamps the object to be welded, the first feeding mechanism releases clamping, and the first feeding mechanism and the second feeding mechanism move back and forth so that the object to be welded moves towards the butt-joint girth welding device;
the detector is used for detecting the outline of the object to be welded and the moving distance of the object to be welded.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of this application is:
the application provides a butt joint girth welding device, through first clamping device, second clamping device and turn to welding set, realize treating the girth welding of welding object to first object of treating and second, use manpower sparingly, improve production efficiency.
The application also provides a welding system, which comprises a material storage device, a material conveying device and the scheme, wherein the butt joint ring welding device is arranged. Based on the above analysis, the welding system has the above advantages, and the details are not repeated herein.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the detailed description of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the detailed description of the present application or the prior art description will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a first structure of a butt-ring welding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 2 is a second structural schematic diagram of a butt-ring welding device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a third structure of a butt-ring welding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 4 is a fourth structural schematic diagram of a butt-ring welding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic internal structural view of a first clamping device according to a second embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6 is an enlarged schematic view of a point a in fig. 5.
In the figure: 101-a first clamping device; 102-a second holding device; 103-steering welding device; 104-a first object to be welded; 105-a second object to be welded; 106-a first gripper seat; 107-a first clamping cover; 108-a first lifting device; 109-a second gripper seat; 110-a second clamping cover; 111-a second lifting device; 112-a first alignment mechanism; 113-a first lifting mechanism; 114-a first alignment drive; 115-a first connector; 116-a first lift drive; 117-a first lifting support; 118-a second alignment mechanism; 119-a second lifting mechanism; 120-a second alignment drive; 121-a second connector; 122-second lift drive; 123-a second lifting support; 124-a first slide rail assembly; 125-a threaded hole; 126-a second slide rail assembly; 127-a first alignment guide; 128-a first alignment guide bar; 129-a first alignment guide plate; 130-a second alignment guide; 131-a second alignment guide bar; 132-a second alignment guide; 133-a first lift guide bar; 134-first lifting guide hole; 135-a second lifting guide bar; 136-a second lift guide hole; 137-a rotation drive; 138-first rotating part; 139-a first rotary connection; 140-a first rotating member; 141-a first housing; 142-a first inner shell; 143-a first outer race bearing; 144-a first inner race bearing; 145-linear motion mechanism; 146-a torch body; 147-linear drive means; 148-a motion rail; 149-moving the slide.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present application will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present application. Furthermore, the terms "second," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present application, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood in a specific case by those of ordinary skill in the art.
Example one
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the present application provides a butt girth welding device, which includes a first clamping device 101, a second clamping device 102, and a turning welding device 103; the first clamping device 101 and the second clamping device 102 are oppositely arranged and used for respectively clamping a first object to be welded 104 and a second object to be welded 105 and enabling the welding end of the first object to be welded 104 to be in butt joint with the welding end of the second object to be welded 105; a turning welding device 103 is arranged between the first clamping device 101 and the second clamping device 102, and the turning welding device 103 can move circumferentially around the butt joint of the first object to be welded 104 and the second object to be welded 105 to weld the butt joint by girth welding.
Specifically, the butt-ring welding device includes a first clamping device 101, a second clamping device 102, and a turning welding device 103, where the first clamping device 101 clamps a first object to be welded 104, the second clamping device 102 clamps a second object to be welded 105, and welding ends of the first object to be welded 104 and the second object to be welded 105 are butted, and the butted position is a welding position. The steering welding device 103 can be rotated relative to the first clamping device 101 and the second clamping device 102 to move the welding torch of the steering welding device 103 around the butt joint and girth weld the butt joint. For the first object to be welded 104 and the second object to be welded 105 which are long in welding length, the first object to be welded 104 and the second object to be welded 105 are fixed, and the rotating and steering welding device 103 is used for welding the butt joint, so that energy consumption can be further saved.
The butt-joint girth welding device provided by the application realizes girth welding of a first object to be welded 104 and a second object to be welded 105 through the first clamping device 101, the second clamping device 102 and the steering welding device 103, saves labor and improves production efficiency.
In an alternative scheme of this embodiment, the first clamping device 101 includes a first clamping seat 106, a first clamping cover 107, and a first lifting device 108, a clamping opening is formed between the first clamping seat 106 and the first clamping cover 107 to clamp the first object 104 to be welded, and the first lifting device 108 is configured to drive the first clamping cover 107 to move so as to separate or approach the first clamping seat 106 and the first clamping cover 107;
the second clamping device 102 includes a second clamping seat 109, a second clamping cover 110, and a second lifting device 111, a clamping opening is formed between the second clamping seat 109 and the second clamping cover 110 to clamp the second object 105 to be welded, and the second lifting device 111 is used for driving the second clamping cover 110 to move so as to separate or approach the second clamping seat 109 and the second clamping cover 110.
In this embodiment, the first clamping device 101 includes a first clamping seat 106, a first clamping cover 107 and a first lifting device 108, and after the first lifting device 108 lifts the first clamping cover 107, the first object 104 to be welded can be placed between the first clamping seat 106 and the first clamping cover 107; when the first object to be welded 104 is placed in the clamping opening between the first clamping seat 106 and the first clamping cover 107, the first lifting device 108 can lower the first clamping cover 107, so that the first clamping seat 106 and the first clamping cover 107 clamp the first object to be welded 104, and thus the object to be welded is reliably fixed during welding.
The second clamping device 102 is used for clamping the second object to be welded 105, and the same as the first clamping device 101, which is not described herein again.
In an alternative to this embodiment, the first lifting device 108 comprises a first alignment mechanism 112 and a first lifting mechanism 113; the first alignment mechanism 112 includes a first alignment driving device 114 and a first link 115, and the first lifting mechanism 113 includes a first lifting driving device 116 and a first lifting support 117; when the first clamping seat 106 and the first clamping cover 107 are attached to each other, the first connecting piece 115 is connected with the first clamping seat 106 and the first clamping cover 107; the first alignment driving device 114 can drive the first connecting element 115 to move away from the first clamping seat 106, so that the first connecting element 115 is disconnected from the first clamping seat 106 and the first connecting element 115 is connected with the first lifting support 117; after the first connector 115 is disconnected from the first clamping seat 106, the first lifting driving device 116 drives the first lifting support 117 to move, so that the first clamping cover 107 is away from the first clamping seat 106; the first alignment driving device 114 can drive the first connecting element 115 to move close to the first clamping seat 106, so that the first connecting element 115 is connected with the first clamping seat 106 and the first clamping cover 107, and the first connecting element 115 is disconnected with the first lifting support 117;
the second lifting device 111 comprises a second alignment mechanism 118 and a second lifting mechanism 119; the second alignment mechanism 118 includes a second alignment drive 120 and a second link 121, and the second lifting mechanism 119 includes a second lifting drive 122 and a second lifting support 123; when the second clamping seat 109 and the second clamping cover 110 are attached to each other, the second connecting member 121 is connected to the second clamping seat 109 and the second clamping cover 110; the second alignment driving device 120 can drive the second connecting member 121 to move away from the second clamping seat 109, so that the second connecting member 121 is disconnected from the second clamping seat 109 and the second connecting member 121 is connected to the second lifting support 123; after the second connector 121 is disconnected from the second clamping seat 109, the second lifting driving device 122 drives the second lifting support 123 to move, so that the second clamping cover 110 is away from the second clamping seat 109; the second alignment driving device 120 can drive the second connecting member 121 to move close to the second clamping seat 109, so that the second connecting member 121 is connected to the second clamping seat 109 and the second clamping cover 110, and the second connecting member 121 is disconnected from the second lifting support 123.
In this embodiment, in order to ensure that the positions of the first clamping seat 106 and the first clamping cover 107 are not shifted when the first clamping seat and the first clamping cover are attached to clamp the first object to be welded 104, the first lifting device 108 includes a first alignment mechanism 112 and a first lifting mechanism 113. The first alignment mechanism 112 includes a first alignment driving device 114 and a first connecting member 115, connecting plates are correspondingly disposed on the first clamping seat 106 and the first clamping cover 107, when the first clamping seat 106 and the first clamping cover 107 are attached to each other, the first connecting member 115 is simultaneously connected with the connecting plates of the first clamping seat 106 and the first clamping cover 107, and the first connecting member 115 can perform an alignment function, so that the positions of the first clamping seat 106 and the first clamping cover 107 are not deviated.
Before the first clamping cover 107 is lifted, the first alignment driving device 114 drives the first connecting piece 115 to move, so that the first connecting piece 115 is disconnected from the first clamping seat 106, and the first connecting piece 115 is still connected with the first clamping cover 107. The first lifting mechanism 113 includes a first lifting driving means 116 and a first lifting support 117, and the first connecting member 115 is connected to the first lifting support 117 during the movement of the first connecting member 115. After the first connecting member 115 is moved to the proper position, the first lifting driving device 116 drives the first lifting supporting member 117 to move, the first lifting supporting member 117 is connected with the first connecting member 115, and the first connecting member 115 is further connected with the first clamping cover 107, so that the first clamping cover 107 is driven to be away from the first supporting seat. After the first object 104 to be welded is placed between the first clamping cover 107 and the first clamping seat 106, the first lifting driving device 116 drives the first clamping cover 107 to approach the first clamping seat 106 and to be attached to the first clamping seat 106. At this time, the first connecting member 115 is connected to the first clamping cover 107 and the first lifting support 117, and the first alignment driving device 114 drives the first connecting member 115 to move, so that the first connecting member 115 is disconnected from the first lifting support 117 and is connected to both the first clamping seat 106 and the first clamping cover 107.
The second lifting device 111 is identical in principle to the first lifting device 108 and will not be described in detail here.
In an alternative of this embodiment, a first slide rail assembly 124 is disposed between the first alignment mechanism 112 and the first lifting mechanism 113; the first slide rail assembly 124 comprises a first rail connected to the first lifting support 117 and a first slider connected to the first alignment drive 114; the first connecting piece 115 is provided with threads, and the first clamping seat 106, the first clamping cover 107 and the first rail are all provided with threaded holes 125, so that the first connecting piece 115 can be in threaded connection with the first clamping seat 106, the first clamping cover 107 and the first rail;
a second slide rail assembly 126 is arranged between the second alignment mechanism 118 and the second lifting mechanism 119; the second slide rail assembly 126 comprises a second rail connected to the second lifting support 123 and a second slider connected to the second alignment drive 120; the second connecting member 121 is provided with a screw thread, and the second clamping seat 109, the second clamping cover 110 and the second rail are all provided with a screw hole 125, so that the second connecting member 121 can be in threaded connection with the second clamping seat 109, the second clamping cover 110 and the second rail.
In this embodiment, the first connection member 115 is screw-coupled with the first clamping base 106, the first clamping cap 107 and the first rail, and the first connection member 115 needs to make a rotational movement to be able to ascend and descend itself. The first alignment driving device 114 outputs torque to enable the first connection member 115 to rotate counterclockwise or clockwise, and since the length of the first connection member 115 is not changed, and the first connection member 115 is connected to the first alignment driving device 114, and the first connection member 115 supports the first alignment driving device 114, when the first connection member 115 ascends or descends, the position of the first alignment driving device 114 needs to be changed. A first slide rail assembly 124 is disposed on the first lifting support 117, so that the first alignment driving device 114 can slide relative to the stationary first lifting support 117 when driving the first connecting member 115 to move. The above-described structure realizes the alignment process of the first alignment mechanism 112.
The second alignment mechanism 118 is identical in principle to the first alignment mechanism 112 and will not be described in detail here.
In an alternative of this embodiment, a first alignment guide mechanism 127 is further included, and the first alignment guide mechanism 127 includes a first alignment guide rod 128 and a first alignment guide plate 129; one end of the first alignment guide bar 128 is connected to the first lifting support 117, and the other end of the first alignment guide bar 128 is connected to the first clamping cap 107; a first alignment guide plate 129 is arranged between the first alignment driving device 114 and the first clamping device 101, and a first alignment guide hole is formed in the first alignment guide plate 129, so that the first alignment guide rod 128 passes through the first alignment guide hole and can slide;
further comprises a second alignment guide mechanism 130, the second alignment guide mechanism 130 comprising a second alignment guide rod 131 and a second alignment guide plate 132; one end of the second alignment guide rod 131 is connected to the second lifting supporter 123, and the other end of the second alignment guide rod 131 is connected to the second clamping cap 110; a second alignment guide plate 132 is disposed between the second alignment driving device 120 and the second clamping device 102, and a second alignment guide hole is opened in the second alignment guide plate 132, so that the second alignment guide rod 131 passes through the second alignment guide hole and can slide.
In this embodiment, in order that the first link 115 is not skewed during the lifting and lowering, a first alignment guide 127 is provided. The first aligning guide mechanism 127 includes a first aligning guide bar 128 and a first aligning guide plate 129, and in particular, the first clamping device 101 may be mounted on the first aligning guide plate 129 such that the stationary first clamping seat 106 is fixed on the first aligning guide plate 129. One end of the first alignment guide rod 128 is mounted on the first lifting support 117, and the first alignment guide rod 128 passes through a first alignment guide hole formed in the first alignment guide plate 129, so that the first alignment guide hole can limit the movement of the first alignment guide rod 128 in the process that the first lifting drive device 116 drives the first lifting support 117 to move. Preferably, the first clamping seat 106 may also be provided with a guide hole for allowing the first alignment guide 128 to pass through to further align the first clamping seat 106 and the first clamping cover 107.
The second alignment guide 130 is identical in principle to the first alignment guide 127 and will not be described in detail here.
In an alternative of this embodiment, a first lifting guide rod 133 is further included; one end of the first elevation guide bar 133 is connected to the first alignment guide plate 129, and the other end of the first elevation guide bar 133 is connected to the first elevation driving means 116; the first lifting support 117 is provided with a first lifting guide hole 134, so that the first lifting guide rod 133 passes through the first lifting guide hole 134 and can slide;
a second lift guide bar 135; one end of the second elevation guide bar 135 is connected to the second alignment guide plate 132, and the other end of the second elevation guide bar 135 is connected to the second elevation driving device 122; the second lifting support 123 is opened with a second lifting guide hole 136, so that the second lifting guide rod 135 passes through the second lifting guide hole 136 and can slide.
In this embodiment, the first elevation driving means 116 drives the first elevation supporting member 117 to move during the ascending and descending of the first clamping cover 107, and in order to prevent the first elevation supporting member 117 from being skewed during the movement, a first elevation guide bar 133 is provided, and a first elevation guide hole 134 is opened in the first elevation supporting member 117 so that the first elevation guide bar 133 passes through. One end of the first elevation guide bar 133 is fixed opposite to the first elevation driving device 116, and the other end of the first elevation guide bar 133 is connected to the first alignment guide plate 129, that is, the fixation of the first elevation guide bar 133 is achieved. Specifically, a support base may be disposed at the first elevation guide bar 133 to fix the first elevation guide bar 133 and the first elevation driving device 116, and to prevent the first elevation guide bar 133 from being skewed. During the movement of the first lifting support 117, the first lifting guide bar 133 can limit the first lifting support 117.
The second lift guide bar 135 has the same principle as the first lift guide bar 133, and thus, the description thereof is omitted.
Example two
The butt-joint girth welding device in the second embodiment is an improvement on the basis of the second embodiment, technical contents disclosed in the second embodiment are not described repeatedly, and the contents disclosed in the second embodiment also belong to the contents disclosed in the second embodiment.
Referring to fig. 5 and 6, in an alternative embodiment, the present embodiment further includes a rotation driving device 137; the first clamping device 101 is provided with a first rotating part 138, and the first rotating part 138 can rotate relative to the first clamping device 101; and/or the second clamping device 102 is provided with a second rotating part which can rotate relative to the second clamping device 102; the steering welding device 103 is connected to the first rotating part 138 and/or the second rotating part; the first clamping device 101 and/or the second clamping device 102 are provided with a rotation driving device 137, and the rotation driving device 137 is used for driving the first rotating part 138 and/or the second rotating part to rotate.
In this embodiment, in order to achieve stable welding of the steering welding device 103 around the butt joint, the steering welding device 103 is mounted on the first rotating part 138 of the first clamping device 101, or on the second rotating part of the second clamping device 102, or is connected to both the first rotating part 138 and the second rotating part, so as to ensure that the relative distance between the steering welding device 103 and the first object 104 to be welded does not change during rotation. And the position and number of the rotation driving means 137 are set for providing the driving force of the rotation according to the installation position of the steering welding means 103. Specifically, the rotation driving means 137 may transmit the driving force through a gear.
In an alternative of this embodiment, the first rotating portion 138 includes a first rotating connecting portion 139 and a first rotating member 140 connected to each other; the first clamping device 101 comprises a first outer shell 141 and a first inner shell 142, the first rotating member 140 is located between the first outer shell 141 and the first inner shell 142, and a first outer ring bearing 143 is arranged between the first rotating member 140 and the first outer shell 141 so as to enable the first rotating member 140 to rotate relative to the first outer shell 141; a first inner ring bearing 144 is arranged between the first rotating member 140 and the first inner shell 142, so that the first rotating member 140 rotates relative to the first inner shell 142, and the first inner shell 142 is used for clamping the first object to be welded 104;
the second rotating part comprises a second rotating connecting part and a second rotating component which are connected; the second clamping device 102 comprises a second outer shell and a second inner shell, the second rotating member is located between the second outer shell and the second inner shell, and a second outer ring bearing is arranged between the second rotating member and the second outer shell so as to enable the second rotating member to rotate relative to the second outer shell; a second inner ring bearing is arranged between the second rotating member and the second inner shell so that the first rotating member 140 rotates relative to the first inner shell 142, and the first inner shell 142 is used for clamping the first object to be welded 104;
the first rotary joint 139 and/or the second rotary joint are connected to the steering welding device 103, and the first rotary member 140 and/or the second rotary member are connected to the rotary drive 137 for transmitting the drive force.
In this embodiment, the first rotation portion 138 includes a first rotation connection portion 139 and a first rotation member 140 connected to each other, the first rotation connection portion 139 is used for mounting the steering welding device 103, and the first rotation member 140 is used for transmitting the driving force of the rotation driving device 137. The first rotating member 140 is mounted on the first clamping device 101, and in order to rotate the first rotating member 140 relative to the stationary portion of the first clamping device 101, the first clamping device 101 is configured as a three-layer structure including, from the outside to the inside, a first outer shell 141, a first rotating member 140, and a first inner shell 142. The first housing 141 is fixed to the support frame, the first housing 141 is a stationary component, and the first housing 141 and the first rotating member 140 are connected by a first outer ring bearing 143, so that the first rotating member 140 can rotate relative to the first housing 141; the first inner shell 142 is used for clamping the first object to be welded 104, the first inner shell 142 is also a stationary part, and the first inner shell 142 and the first rotating member 140 are connected through a first inner ring bearing 144, so that the first rotating member 140 can rotate relative to the first inner shell 142; one end of the first rotation member 140 is connected to the first rotation connecting portion 139, and the other end of the first rotation member 140 is connected to the rotation driving device 137.
It should be noted that, for the scheme of clamping the object to be welded by the first clamping seat 106 and the first clamping cover 107, the first outer shell 141, the first rotating member 140 and the first inner shell 142 can be split into two parts, namely a fixed part and a moving part, the moving part can perform lifting and lowering movements relative to the fixed part, and at this time, the first outer ring bearing 143 and the first inner ring bearing 144 are both split bearings, so as to realize the first clamping seat 106 and the first clamping cover 107 which can be separated.
The second rotation portion is identical to the first rotation portion 138 in principle, and will not be described herein.
In an alternative scheme of this embodiment, the steering welding device 103 further includes a linear motion mechanism 145 and a welding gun main body 146, wherein the linear motion mechanism 145 is used for driving the welding gun main body 146 to move linearly; the linear motion mechanism 145 includes a linear driving device 147, a motion guide 148, and a motion slider 149; the moving guide 148 is connected to the first rotating portion 138 and/or the second rotating portion, the welding gun body 146 is connected to the moving block 149, and the linear driving device 147 is used to drive the moving block 149 to move along the guiding direction of the moving guide 148.
In this embodiment, in order to perform the rotating function of the steering welding device 103 and simultaneously perform the linear motion of the steering welding device 103 to adjust the distance to the objects to be welded, thereby accommodating the objects to be welded having different sizes, the linear motion mechanism 145 is provided. The linear motion mechanism 145 includes a linear driving device 147, a motion guide 148, and a motion slider 149, the linear motion of the torch body 146 is realized by the motion guide 148 and the motion slider 149, and the linear driving device 147 is used to output a driving force, thereby realizing the adjustment of the distance between the torch body 146 and the object to be welded.
EXAMPLE III
The third embodiment of the application provides a welding system, including storage device, feeding device and the butt joint girth welding device of any above-mentioned embodiment, therefore, have the whole beneficial technological effects of the butt joint girth welding device of any above-mentioned embodiment. Storage device and feeding device have realized automatic feeding and ejection of compact process, and storage device, feeding device and butt joint girth welding device have constituteed one set of automatic weld system promptly, use manpower sparingly, improve production efficiency.
In the optional scheme of the embodiment, the storage device comprises a support frame, a material pushing mechanism and a material guiding component; the supporting frame is used for storing objects to be welded, a feeding opening is formed in the supporting frame, and the material guiding component is arranged at the feeding opening and used for guiding the objects to be welded at the feeding opening to the material conveying device; the feeding port is also provided with a pushing mechanism which is used for pushing the object to be welded to the material guiding component.
In this embodiment, the support frame can store a large number of objects to be welded, and the support frame comprises an upper frame and a bottom frame, wherein a feeding opening is formed between the upper frame and the bottom frame, and optionally, the upper frame and the bottom frame are hinged to enable the feeding opening to be adjustable in size so as to adapt to the objects to be welded with different sizes. And the material pushing mechanism at the feeding port sequentially pushes the objects to be welded to the material guiding component, the material guiding component is obliquely arranged, and the objects to be welded can slide down to the material conveying device from the material guiding component.
In the optional scheme of the embodiment, a material conveying device and a detector are arranged at a material inlet and a material outlet of the butt-joint ring welding device; the material conveying device comprises a first feeding mechanism, a second feeding mechanism and a plurality of supporting pulleys arranged at intervals, and the plurality of supporting pulleys at the material inlet of the butt-joint ring welding device and the material guide component are correspondingly arranged for bearing the objects to be welded; when the first feeding mechanism clamps the object to be welded, the first feeding mechanism and the second feeding mechanism move in opposite directions and are used for transferring the object to be welded to the second feeding mechanism; when the second feeding mechanism clamps the object to be welded, the first feeding mechanism releases the clamping, and the first feeding mechanism and the second feeding mechanism move back to back so that the object to be welded moves towards the butt-joint girth welding device; the detector is used for detecting the outline of the object to be welded and the moving distance of the object to be welded.
In the embodiment, in order to sequentially feed objects to be welded into the butt-joint girth welding device and convey welded finished products out of the butt-joint girth welding device, material conveying devices are arranged at a feeding port and a discharging port of the butt-joint girth welding device. The conveying device comprises a first feeding mechanism, a second feeding mechanism and a plurality of supporting pulleys arranged at intervals, and the supporting pulleys are more stable for the long objects to be welded. The first feeding mechanism and the second feeding mechanism alternately clamp the objects to be welded, and the first feeding mechanism and the second feeding mechanism move oppositely and oppositely to realize that the objects to be welded are conveyed to the butt-joint ring welding device.
The material inlet and the material outlet of the butt-joint ring welding device are provided with detectors, and particularly, the detectors can be ultrahigh-speed online profile detectors. When the detector detects that the contour dimension of the object to be welded does not meet the welding standard, an alarm signal can be sent out to prompt an operator. The detector can detect the moving distance of the objects to be welded so as to ensure that two objects to be welded which need to be connected move in place, and the butt joint can be located at the welding gun main body so that the welding gun main body can weld the butt joint firmly.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present application, and not for limiting the same; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application. Moreover, those skilled in the art will appreciate that while some embodiments herein include some features included in other embodiments, rather than other features, combinations of features of different embodiments are meant to be within the scope of the application and form different embodiments.

Claims (12)

1. The butt joint girth welding device is characterized by comprising a first clamping device, a second clamping device and a steering welding device;
the first clamping device and the second clamping device are oppositely arranged and used for respectively clamping a first object to be welded and a second object to be welded and enabling the welding end of the first object to be welded to be in butt joint with the welding end of the second object to be welded;
and a steering welding device is arranged between the first clamping device and the second clamping device and can move circumferentially around the butt joint of the first object to be welded and the second object to be welded so as to weld the butt joint by girth welding.
2. The butt fusion welding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first clamping device comprises a first clamping seat, a first clamping cover, and a first lifting device, a clamping opening is formed between the first clamping seat and the first clamping cover to clamp the first object to be welded, and the first lifting device is used for driving the first clamping cover to move so as to separate or approach the first clamping seat and the first clamping cover;
the second clamping device comprises a second clamping seat, a second clamping cover and a second lifting device, a clamping opening is formed between the second clamping seat and the second clamping cover to clamp the second object to be welded, and the second lifting device is used for driving the second clamping cover to move so as to enable the second clamping seat and the second clamping cover to be separated or close.
3. The butt-tack welding apparatus of claim 2, wherein the first lifting apparatus comprises a first alignment mechanism and a first lifting mechanism; the first alignment mechanism comprises a first alignment driving device and a first connecting piece, and the first lifting mechanism comprises a first lifting driving device and a first lifting support piece; when the first clamping seat is attached to the first clamping cover, the first connecting piece is connected with the first clamping seat and the first clamping cover; the first alignment driving device can drive the first connecting piece to move away from the first clamping seat, so that the first connecting piece is disconnected from the first clamping seat and is connected with the first lifting support piece; after the first connecting piece is disconnected with the first clamping seat, the first lifting driving device drives the first lifting supporting piece to move so that the first clamping cover is far away from or close to the first clamping seat; the first alignment driving device can drive the first connecting piece to move close to the first clamping seat, so that the first connecting piece is connected with the first clamping seat and the first clamping cover, and the first connecting piece is disconnected with the first lifting support piece;
the second lifting device comprises a second alignment mechanism and a second lifting mechanism; the second alignment mechanism comprises a second alignment drive and a second link, and the second lifting mechanism comprises a second lifting drive and a second lifting support; when the second clamping seat is attached to the second clamping cover, the second connecting piece is connected with the second clamping seat and the second clamping cover; the second alignment driving device can drive the second connecting piece to move away from the second clamping seat, so that the second connecting piece is disconnected from the second clamping seat and the second connecting piece is connected with the second lifting support piece; after the second connecting piece is disconnected with the second clamping seat, the second lifting driving device drives the second lifting support piece to move so as to enable the second clamping cover to be far away from or close to the second clamping seat; the second alignment driving device can drive the second connecting piece to move close to the second clamping seat, so that the second connecting piece is connected with the second clamping seat and the second clamping cover, and the second connecting piece is disconnected with the second lifting support piece.
4. The butt-ring welding apparatus according to claim 3, wherein a first slide rail assembly is disposed between the first alignment mechanism and the first lifting mechanism; the first slide rail assembly comprises a first rail and a first slider, the first rail is connected with the first lifting support, and the first slider is connected with the first alignment driving device; the first connecting piece is provided with threads, and threaded holes are formed in the first clamping seat, the first clamping cover and the first rail, so that the first connecting piece can be in threaded connection with the first clamping seat, the first clamping cover and the first rail;
a second slide rail assembly is arranged between the second alignment mechanism and the second lifting mechanism; the second slide rail assembly comprises a second rail and a second slider, the second rail is connected with the second lifting support, and the second slider is connected with the second alignment driving device; the second connecting piece is provided with threads, and threaded holes are formed in the second clamping seat, the second clamping cover and the second rail, so that the second connecting piece can be in threaded connection with the second clamping seat, the second clamping cover and the second rail.
5. The butt-ring welding apparatus according to claim 3, further comprising a first alignment guide mechanism including a first alignment guide rod and a first alignment guide plate; one end of the first alignment guide rod is connected with the first lifting support, and the other end of the first alignment guide rod is connected with the first clamping cover; the first alignment guide plate is arranged between the first alignment driving device and the first clamping device, and a first alignment guide hole is formed in the first alignment guide plate, so that a first alignment guide rod can pass through the first alignment guide hole and can slide;
the device also comprises a second alignment guide mechanism, wherein the second alignment guide mechanism comprises a second alignment guide rod and a second alignment guide plate; one end of the second alignment guide rod is connected with the second lifting support, and the other end of the second alignment guide rod is connected with the second clamping cover; the second alignment guide plate is arranged between the second alignment driving device and the second clamping device, and a second alignment guide hole is formed in the second alignment guide plate, so that the second alignment guide rod can penetrate through the second alignment guide hole and can slide.
6. A butt-ring welding apparatus as claimed in claim 5, further comprising a first lifting guide bar; one end of the first lifting guide rod is connected with the first alignment guide plate, and the other end of the first lifting guide rod is connected with the first lifting driving device; the first lifting support piece is provided with a first lifting guide hole, so that the first lifting guide rod passes through the first lifting guide hole and can slide;
the lifting device also comprises a second lifting guide rod; one end of the second lifting guide rod is connected with the second alignment guide plate, and the other end of the second lifting guide rod is connected with the second lifting driving device; the second lifting support piece is provided with a second lifting guide hole, so that the second lifting guide rod can pass through the second lifting guide hole and can slide.
7. A butt-ring welding apparatus as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a rotational drive;
the first clamping device is provided with a first rotating part which can rotate relative to the first clamping device; and/or a second rotating part is arranged on the second clamping device and can rotate relative to the second clamping device; the steering welding device is connected with the first rotating part and/or the second rotating part; the first clamping device and/or the second clamping device are/is provided with the rotation driving device, and the rotation driving device is used for driving the first rotating part and/or the second rotating part to rotate.
8. The butt-ring welding apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the first rotating part includes a first rotating connecting part and a first rotating member connected; the first clamping device comprises a first outer shell and a first inner shell, the first rotating member is positioned between the first outer shell and the first inner shell, and a first outer ring bearing is arranged between the first rotating member and the first outer shell so as to enable the first rotating member to rotate relative to the first outer shell; a first inner ring bearing is arranged between the first rotating member and the first inner shell so that the first rotating member can rotate relative to the first inner shell, and the first inner shell is used for clamping the first object to be welded;
the second rotating part comprises a second rotating connecting part and a second rotating component which are connected; the second clamping device comprises a second outer shell and a second inner shell, the second rotating member is positioned between the second outer shell and the second inner shell, and a second outer ring bearing is arranged between the second rotating member and the second outer shell so as to enable the second rotating member to rotate relative to the second outer shell; a second inner ring bearing is arranged between the second rotating member and the second inner shell so that the first rotating member rotates relative to the first inner shell, and the first inner shell is used for clamping the first object to be welded;
the first rotary connecting part and/or the second rotary connecting part are/is connected with the steering welding device, and the first rotary member and/or the second rotary member are/is connected with the rotary driving device for transmitting driving force.
9. A butt fusion welding apparatus as set forth in claim 7, wherein the steering welding apparatus further comprises a linear movement mechanism for driving the welding gun body to move linearly, and a welding gun body;
the linear motion mechanism comprises a linear driving device, a motion guide rail and a motion sliding block; the motion guide rail is connected with the first rotating part and/or the second rotating part, the welding gun main body is connected with the motion sliding block, and the linear driving device is used for driving the motion sliding block to move along the guide direction of the motion guide rail.
10. A welding system comprising a magazine, a feed conveyor and a butt-ring welding apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9.
11. The welding system of claim 10, wherein the magazine comprises a support frame, a pusher mechanism, and a guide member;
the supporting frame is used for storing the objects to be welded, a feeding opening is formed in the supporting frame, the material guiding component is arranged at the feeding opening and used for guiding the objects to be welded at the feeding opening to the material conveying device;
the feeding port is also provided with the material pushing mechanism, and the material pushing mechanism is used for pushing the object to be welded to the material guiding component.
12. The welding system of claim 11, wherein the feed assembly and the detector are disposed at both the inlet and the outlet of the butt-ring welding device;
the material conveying device comprises a first feeding mechanism, a second feeding mechanism and a plurality of supporting pulleys arranged at intervals, and the supporting pulleys at the material inlet of the butt-joint girth welding device and the material guide component are correspondingly arranged for bearing the objects to be welded;
when the first feeding mechanism clamps the object to be welded, the first feeding mechanism and the second feeding mechanism move oppositely to transfer the object to be welded to the second feeding mechanism; when the second feeding mechanism clamps the object to be welded, the first feeding mechanism releases clamping, and the first feeding mechanism and the second feeding mechanism move back and forth so that the object to be welded moves towards the butt-joint girth welding device;
the detector is used for detecting the outline of the object to be welded and the moving distance of the object to be welded.
CN201911058746.7A 2019-11-01 2019-11-01 Butt joint ring welding device and welding system Pending CN110757086A (en)

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CN111660058A (en) * 2020-07-07 2020-09-15 大连智汇达科技有限公司 Synchronous welding device and welding system
CN111843317A (en) * 2020-08-25 2020-10-30 大连智汇达科技有限公司 Surround welding set and welding system
CN115351556A (en) * 2022-09-20 2022-11-18 烟台杰瑞石油装备技术有限公司 Welding equipment

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