CN110747020A - 一种汽柴油添加剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于燃料技术领域,具体涉及一种汽柴油添加剂及其制备方法。本申请的汽柴油添加剂整个技术方案操作简单可靠,成本较低,有利于企业降低生产成本;2)该方法具有提高燃油雾化性能的功效,在使用本品后,燃油中的有害气体可完全充分雾化燃烧,充分燃烧后的燃油将极大的减少有毒气体的排出,并减少积炭和油泥在发动机壳体内的形成,不仅有效提高了尾气排放标准,还可以延长发动机的使用寿命,降低发动机故障的发生概率;3)该方法对人体无害,可长期使用,并适宜大范围推广。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于燃料技术领域,具体涉及一种汽柴油添加剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着社会的进步,汽车的大量增加,带来石油燃料的大量消耗和造成环境的严重污染,所以研究开发以煤炭生产的原料例如甲醇、甲醛等,将其进一步转化成可替代车用燃料的添加组分,这样既可以增加车用燃料来源,又可降低环境的污染。
因此,甲醇作为新型的清洁车用燃料是理想的添加组分,其本身含氧,可促进油品燃烧,减少NOx、CO的排放和尾气冒黑烟的现象,降低了对环境的污染。但是甲醇的特性决定了它参与配制汽柴油也有其自身明显的不利因素,例如:1、混溶问题,甲醇含有羟基,是强极性物质,甲醇的羟基可以无限溶于水,具有亲水性,而汽柴油是复杂烃类的油基混合物,醇烃相悖,两物质混合比较困难;2、十六烷值问题,汽柴油发动机是压燃式点火,十六烷值是体现汽柴油燃烧性能汽柴油高出250-270℃,因此甲醇不易被压燃,过低的十六烷值和过高的着火温度,使许多研究者放弃了甲醇在汽柴油发动机上的研究;3、分层问题,混合后的燃料稳定性较差,对水分敏感,甲醇分子中含有烃基和羟基,羟基与水能够以氢键形式相互缔合,甲醇的亲水性与亲油性是互相排斥的,甲醇吸水愈多,它与汽柴油的互溶性愈差,越容易与油分层,甚至与从潮湿空气中吸收的水分接触时,也常常会引起已混溶的汽柴油重新分层,甲醇与油箱积水相遇析出,可能出现浑浊现象,在短时间内氧化变色也易分层,当把所制备的汽柴油放入邮箱后,车行不久便自动熄火,或是隔夜后打不着火;4、腐蚀问题,甲醇具有较强的化学活性,甲醇在燃烧过程中会生成少量甲醛、甲酸等酸性物质。给使用燃料的发动机上接触的各种金属构件造成腐蚀,燃油中硫及硫化物多种金属及合金有直接或间接的腐蚀作用,并且使发动机气缸内积碳增多,汽柴油混合汽油燃料的腐蚀性随甲醇含量的增加而增大;5、闪点稳定,由于甲醇的闪点只有12.2℃,随着甲醇添加量的增加,会造成调配出来的成品油闪点过低。
且汽车发动机随着车辆的持续运行,会不知不觉的在发动机内部的节气门体、喷油嘴、气缸等部门产生油泥、积碳等影响汽车正常运行的物质。如果忽略油泥和积碳的存在,它们慢慢吞噬发动机动力,降低燃油经济性,增加污染环境的物质排放,并可导致一系列的发动机故障。因此需要一种添加剂,使汽柴油在燃烧过程中,充分燃烧,减少积炭和油泥的形成,从而降低尾气污染,延长发动机的使用寿命。
发明内容
为了解决上述汽柴油在燃烧过程中燃烧不充分,易形成积炭和油泥,造成发动机使用寿命短,且产生的尾气易污染环境等问题,本发明提供一种汽柴油添加剂及其制备方法。
为实现上述目的,本发明所采用的技术方案是:一种汽柴油添加剂,所述原料由下列组分按重量分数组成,甲醇1-20%、热值增效剂10-40%、三氯乙烷5-15%、抗氧化剂1-5%、石油醇15-25%、辛醇1-10%、缓蚀剂1-9%、分散剂2-8%、催化剂1-5%。
进一步的,热值增效剂包括丙酮、环己烷、甲基苯胺、辛烷中的一种或多种的混合物。
进一步的,抗氧化剂包括3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸正十六酯、四苯基二丙二醇二亚磷酸酯、2,6-二叔丁基对甲基苯酚、N,N′-二仲丁基对苯二胺中的一种或多种。
进一步的,缓蚀剂包括二聚亚油酸、烷基胺磷酸盐、苯骈三氮唑中的一种或多种。
进一步的,分散剂包括石油磺酸钡、六甲基磷酰三胺、二聚氧乙烯脂肪酰胺、三亚乙基四胺、异丙醇中的一种或多种的混合物。
进一步的,催化剂包括叔丁基二茂铁。
进一步的,原料由下列组分按重量分数组成,甲醇5-15%、热值增效剂30-40%、三氯乙烷8-12%、抗氧化剂2-4%、石油醇18-22%、辛醇3-9%、缓蚀剂3-7%、分散剂4-6%、催化剂2-4%。
进一步的,原料由下列组分按重量分数组成,甲醇10%、热值增效剂38%、三氯乙烷10%、抗氧化剂3%、石油醇20%、辛醇6%、缓蚀剂5%、分散剂5%、催化剂3%。
一种汽柴油添加剂的制备方法,制备上述的汽柴油添加剂,其方法如下:
将三氯乙烷8-12%、石油醇18-24%、分散剂1-8%加入反应器中,缓慢搅拌并升温至30-50℃,充分混合均匀后,再依次加入甲醇1-5%、热值增效剂10-40%、抗氧化剂1-5%、辛醇3-6%、缓蚀剂1-5%、催化剂1-5%,继续搅拌并恒温反应0.5-3h,制得汽柴油添加剂。
进一步的,恒温反应的温度为35-45℃。
本发明提供一种汽柴油添加剂,该添加剂的整个技术方案操作简单可靠,成本较低,有利于企业降低生产成本;2)该方法具有提高燃油雾化性能的功效,在使用本品后,燃油中的有害气体可完全充分雾化燃烧,充分燃烧后的燃油将极大的减少有毒气体的排出,并减少积炭和油泥在发动机壳体内的形成,不仅有效提高了尾气排放标准,还可以延长发动机的使用寿命,降低发动机故障的发生概率;3)该方法对人体无害,可长期使用,并适宜大范围推广。
附图说明
图1为汽柴油添加剂的制备方法流程图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。
一种汽柴油添加剂,所述原料由下列组分按重量分数组成,甲醇1-20%、热值增效剂10-40%、三氯乙烷5-15%、抗氧化剂1-5%、石油醇15-25%、辛醇1-10%、缓蚀剂1-9%、分散剂2-8%、催化剂1-5%。
热值增效剂包括丙酮、环己烷、甲基苯胺、辛烷中的一种或多种的混合物。
抗氧化剂包括3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸正十六酯、四苯基二丙二醇二亚磷酸酯、2,6-二叔丁基对甲基苯酚、N,N′-二仲丁基对苯二胺中的一种或多种。
缓蚀剂包括二聚亚油酸、烷基胺磷酸盐、苯骈三氮唑中的一种或多种,本实施例的缓蚀剂是由二聚亚油酸、烷基胺磷酸盐、苯骈三氮唑按质量比1:2:3组成的三种物质的复配,能够发挥三种物质的优点,可以防止机油组合物对设备的腐蚀,从而保护***的金属部件。
分散剂包括石油磺酸钡、六甲基磷酰三胺、二聚氧乙烯脂肪酰胺、三亚乙基四胺、异丙醇中的一种或多种的混合物,保证组合物的其他成分均匀的混合,并且能够在发动机的使用过程中,减少汽柴油中油泥的生成量,并能将已经吸附在部件表面上的漆膜和积炭洗涤下来,分散在油中,使发动机和金属表面保持清洁。
催化剂包括叔丁基二茂铁。
优选的,本实施例的添加剂由下列组分按重量分数组成,甲醇5-15%、热值增效剂30-40%、三氯乙烷8-12%、抗氧化剂2-4%、石油醇18-22%、辛醇3-9%、缓蚀剂3-7%、分散剂4-6%、催化剂2-4%。优选的,该添加剂由下列组分按重量分数组成,甲醇10%、热值增效剂38%、三氯乙烷10%、抗氧化剂3%、石油醇20%、辛醇6%、缓蚀剂5%、分散剂5%、催化剂3%。
如图1所示,一种汽柴油添加剂的制备方法,制备上述的汽柴油添加剂,其方法如下:
S1:将三氯乙烷10%、石油醇20%、分散剂5%加入反应器中,缓慢搅拌并升温至35℃,充分混合均匀;
S2:往反应器中依次加入甲醇10%、热值增效剂38%、抗氧化剂3%、辛醇6%、缓蚀剂5%、催化剂5%,继续搅拌并恒温反应3h,恒温反应的温度为45℃,制得汽柴油添加剂。
将上述的汽柴油添加剂与汽油混合获得混合汽油燃料,其中,该添加剂的质量百分比为20%-45%,本实施例的汽油为国际92#或95#车用汽油。
将混合汽油燃料放置于温度25-30℃,相对湿度75-85%,大气压95-96Kpa的环境条件进行排放性能、经济性能、动力性能及其物理性能的测试;
排放性能测试:样机分别燃用商品汽油和混合汽油燃料,采用自由加速烟度试验方法,利用排放测试仪测试样车的不透光烟度值,通过测试可知商品汽油的自由加速烟度值为3.64m-1,混合汽油燃料的自由加速烟度值为2.35m-1。
经济性能测试:样机分别燃烧商品汽油和混合汽油燃料,测试样机在2500r/min时的负荷特性试验,通过测试可知商品汽油的最低燃料消耗率268g/kW·h,混合汽油燃料最低燃料消耗率238/kW·h;商品汽油的平均燃料消耗率317g/kW·h,混合汽油燃料平均燃料消耗率286/kW·h。
动力性能测试:样机在100%油门开度下,分别燃用商品汽油和混合汽油燃料,转速从2500r/min至4500r/min的外特性试验,通过测试可知在转速4500r/min时,商品汽油的最大功率为63.6kW,混合汽油燃料的最大功率为72.5kW;在转速为2500r/min时,商品汽油的最大转矩为223N·m,混合汽油燃料的最大转矩为249N·m。
通过排放性能、经济性能、动力性能测试可知混合汽油燃料的动力性能和经济性能均有所提高,烟度等排放量有明显降低。
或者是将该添加剂与柴油混合获得一种柴油混合柴油燃料,其中,该添加剂的质量百分比为20%-45%,本实施例的柴油为市售的柴油。
本实施例将柴油混合柴油燃料放置于温度25-30℃,相对湿度75-85%,大气压95-96Kpa的环境条件进行排放性能、经济性能、动力性能及其物理性能的测试;
排放性能测试:样机分别燃用商品柴油和柴油混合柴油燃料,采用自由加速烟度试验方法,利用排放测试仪测试样车的不透光烟度值,通过测试可知商品柴油的自由加速烟度值为3.56m-1,甲醇柴油的自由加速烟度值为2.35m-1。
经济性能测试:样机分别燃烧商品柴油和混合柴油燃料,测试样机在2000r/min时的负荷特性试验,通过测试可知商品柴油的最低燃料消耗率252g/kW·h,混合柴油燃料最低燃料消耗率238/kW·h;商品柴油的平均燃料消耗率307g/kW·h,混合柴油燃料平均燃料消耗率288/kW·h。
动力性能测试:样机在100%油门开度下,分别燃用商品柴油和混合柴油燃料,转速从1200r/min至3400r/min的外特性试验,通过测试可知在转速3400r/min时,商品柴油的最大功率为64.1kW,混合柴油燃料的最大功率为68.5kW;在转速为2000r/min时,商品柴油的最大转矩为223N·m,混合柴油燃料的最大转矩为235N·m。
通过排放性能、经济性能、动力性能测试可知混合柴油燃料的动力性能和经济性能均有所提高,烟度等排放量有明显降低。
按国标标准对混合柴油燃料样品进行物理性能测试,通过测试可知混合柴油燃料的色度为1.45,氧化安定性总不溶物1.26mg/100mL;酸度为4.0(mgKON/100mL);10%蒸余物残碳0.14%(质量分数);灰分0.005%(质量分数);铜片腐蚀1b(50℃,3h)级;水分无(体积分数);机械杂质无;润滑度:磨痕直径350(60℃);多环芳烃含量10%(质量分数);运动粘度3.8mm2/S(20℃);凝点-8℃;闪点50℃;十六烷值指数46;密度0.896g/cm3(20℃)。
上述仅为本发明的优选具体实施方式,但本发明的设计构思并不局限于此,凡利用此构思对本发明进行非实质性的改动,均应属于侵犯本发明保护范围的行为。
Claims (10)
1.一种汽柴油添加剂,其特征在于:所述原料由下列组分按重量分数组成,甲醇1-20%、热值增效剂10-40%、三氯乙烷5-15%、抗氧化剂1-5%、石油醇15-25%、辛醇1-10%、缓蚀剂1-9%、分散剂2-8%、催化剂1-5%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的汽柴油添加剂,其特征在于:所述热值增效剂包括丙酮、环己烷、甲基苯胺、辛烷中的一种或多种的混合物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的汽柴油添加剂,其特征在于:所述抗氧化剂包括3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸正十六酯、四苯基二丙二醇二亚磷酸酯、2,6-二叔丁基对甲基苯酚、N,N′-二仲丁基对苯二胺中的一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的汽柴油添加剂,其特征在于:所述缓蚀剂包括二聚亚油酸、烷基胺磷酸盐、苯骈三氮唑中的一种或多种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的汽柴油添加剂,其特征在于:所述分散剂包括石油磺酸钡、六甲基磷酰三胺、二聚氧乙烯脂肪酰胺、三亚乙基四胺、异丙醇中的一种或多种的混合物。
6.根据权利要求1所述的汽柴油添加剂,其特征在于:所述催化剂包括叔丁基二茂铁。
7.根据权利要求1所述的汽柴油添加剂,其特征在于:所述原料由下列组分按重量分数组成,甲醇5-15%、热值增效剂30-40%、三氯乙烷8-12%、抗氧化剂2-4%、石油醇18-22%、辛醇3-9%、缓蚀剂3-7%、分散剂4-6%、催化剂2-4%。
8.根据权利要求7所述的汽柴油添加剂,其特征在于:所述原料由下列组分按重量分数组成,甲醇10%、热值增效剂38%、三氯乙烷10%、抗氧化剂3%、石油醇20%、辛醇6%、缓蚀剂5%、分散剂5%、催化剂3%。
9.一种汽柴油添加剂的制备方法,其特征在于:制备权利要求1-8任一所述的汽柴油添加剂,其方法如下:
将三氯乙烷8-12%、石油醇18-24%、分散剂1-8%加入反应器中,缓慢搅拌并升温至30-50℃,充分混合均匀后,再依次加入甲醇1-5%、热值增效剂10-40%、抗氧化剂1-5%、辛醇3-6%、缓蚀剂1-5%、催化剂1-5%,继续搅拌并恒温反应0.5-3h,制得汽柴油添加剂。
10.根据权利要求9所述的汽柴油添加剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述恒温反应的温度为35-45℃。
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