CN110746856B - Efficient fireproof heat-insulating coating for special carriage or shelter - Google Patents
Efficient fireproof heat-insulating coating for special carriage or shelter Download PDFInfo
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- CN110746856B CN110746856B CN201911155726.1A CN201911155726A CN110746856B CN 110746856 B CN110746856 B CN 110746856B CN 201911155726 A CN201911155726 A CN 201911155726A CN 110746856 B CN110746856 B CN 110746856B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D163/00—Coating compositions based on epoxy resins; Coating compositions based on derivatives of epoxy resins
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/18—Fireproof paints including high temperature resistant paints
- C09D5/185—Intumescent paints
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
- C09D7/61—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/70—Additives characterised by shape, e.g. fibres, flakes or microspheres
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/32—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K2003/321—Phosphates
- C08K2003/322—Ammonium phosphate
- C08K2003/323—Ammonium polyphosphate
Abstract
The invention provides a high-efficiency fireproof heat-insulating coating for a special carriage or a shelter, which is coated on the outer wall of a carriage or shelter steel plate (1), wherein the outer wall of the carriage or shelter steel plate (1) is sequentially provided with an antirust base body layer (2), a heat-insulating functional layer (3), an anti-burning functional layer (4) and a protective finish paint layer (5) outwards; the heat insulation functional layer (3) consists of a film forming material a, a low-heat-conductivity-coefficient filler and a functional auxiliary agent; the anti-burning functional layer (4) consists of a film forming material b, a dehydrating agent, a carbon forming agent and a foaming agent. The structure of the invention has the characteristics of thin thickness, light weight and no influence on the overall performance of the automobile under the conventional working condition; under flame ignition, the coating can be rapidly foamed and carbonized, the foaming ratio is 40-50 times, the coating has a compact structure, small porosity and high bonding strength, is not easy to fall off, has good fireproof and heat-insulating effects, and also has good antirust and anticorrosive properties.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fireproof heat insulation, in particular to a high-efficiency fireproof heat insulation coating for a special carriage or a shelter.
Background
Extreme flame environments, such as the combustion environment of combustible materials such as external gasoline, diesel oil and the like, may be encountered in the use process of special vehicles or cabins. When the special vehicle or the shelter is in the extreme environment, in order to ensure that the internal equipment is in the normal working temperature range, the fireproof heat-insulating coating needs to be sprayed on the surface of the special vehicle or the shelter skin. The existing fireproof coating is mainly used in the field with relaxed requirements on weight, such as walls, and the like, and is usually a foaming coating which is quickly foamed when meeting flame to form a loose porous structure and prevent heat and flame airflow from generating direct action on the walls; in order to meet the requirement that the temperature of the wall body does not exceed 500 ℃ in a flame environment, the thickness of the coating is not less than 10 mm.
The traditional heat insulation coating usually adopts materials with small apparent density, loose internal structure, high porosity and small water content as lightweight aggregate, the lightweight aggregate is combined together under the action of a binder, and the lightweight aggregate is directly coated on the surface of equipment or a wall to form a heat insulation layer with a certain thickness, so that the heat insulation effect is achieved. Because the heat insulation performance of the heat insulation coating is positively correlated with the thickness of the coating, when the equipment is in a flame combustion environment, the thickness of the required heat insulation coating is larger and exceeds 30mm, the increase of the thickness causes the bonding strength of the coating and a substrate to be reduced, and the weight of the coating is increased sharply; because the coating is a loose porous structure, the coating is easy to collapse and fall off when being applied to dynamic equipment such as vehicles and the like.
When the special vehicle or the shelter is designed for thermal protection, the weight of the special vehicle or the shelter is required to be the lowest while fire prevention and heat insulation are met, and the maneuvering performance and the carrying capacity of the special vehicle or the transferring capacity of the shelter are improved. Conventional fire and thermal barrier coatings are not suitable for use in special vehicles or cabins that are not exposed to extreme flame combustion environments.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the high-efficiency fireproof heat-insulating coating for the special carriage or the shelter, which has very thin thickness of only a few millimeters in the conventional state and meets the requirement of the coating on the outer wall of the carriage or the shelter of the automobile; meanwhile, when the flame-resistant heat insulation layer is burnt by flame, the heat insulation layer is compact in structure, good in heat transfer resistance effect and good in fire prevention effect.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a special carriage or shelter are with high-efficient fire prevention thermal barrier coating, coats on the outer wall of carriage or shelter steel sheet which characterized in that: an anti-rust substrate layer, a heat insulation functional layer, an anti-burning functional layer and a protective finish paint layer are arranged on the outer wall of a carriage or a square cabin steel plate outwards in sequence; the heat insulation functional layer consists of a film forming material a, a low-thermal conductivity coefficient filler and a functional auxiliary agent; the anti-burning functional layer consists of a film forming material b, a dehydrating agent, a carbon forming agent and a foaming agent.
Further, the thickness of the antirust matrix layer is 60-80 μm, the thickness of the heat insulation functional layer is 1-1.3 mm, the thickness of the anti-burning functional layer is 0.8-1.5 mm, and the thickness of the protective finish paint layer is 60-80 μm.
In the structure, the thickness of the anti-burning functional layer under the conventional working condition is only 0.8-1.5 mm, and under the burning of external flame, the dehydrating agent, the carbon forming agent and the foaming agent in the anti-burning functional layer rapidly act to realize high-temperature expansion and carbonization and form a compact foam-shaped carbonization heat insulation layer, so that the heat transfer is blocked, the purposes of fire prevention and high temperature prevention are realized, and the foaming multiplying power is 40-50 times; because the foam carbonization heat insulation layer is instantly foamed, atomic groups and molecular groups in the components are mutually extruded in a short time, so that the porosity is high, and the fireproof and heat insulation effects are good.
The loose and porous heat insulation layer formed by the expansion and carbonization of the anti-burning functional layer after being subjected to flame can generate the phenomena of local falling, peeling and the like when being subjected to the violent impact of flame airflow, and the defects of cracks and the like are also generated in the expansion and carbonization processes of the anti-burning functional layer, and the positions are the weak points of heat insulation. The structure of the invention combines the heat insulation functional layer and the anti-burning functional layer, the heat insulation functional layer and the anti-burning functional layer generate a synergistic heat insulation function, and the heat insulation functional layer is used for heat insulation of the heat insulation weak point, so that the heat is prevented from directly damaging the antirust matrix layer and directly transmitted to the carriage or the shelter skin. Simultaneously, thermal-insulated functional layer provides thermal-insulated function for carriage or shelter under carriage or shelter conventional environment, and heat transfer to carriage body when preventing the sun irradiation promotes the whole thermal protection design in carriage or shelter.
Further, in order to ensure that the fireproof heat-insulating layer does not have bubbles and rust under a humid condition, the protective finish paint layer is made of TB04-95 single-component special finish paint.
Furthermore, in order to ensure the bonding adhesive force between the fireproof heat-insulating layer and the steel plate and play a good basic protection function on the matrix, the antirust matrix layer is single-component epoxy iron oxide red antirust primer.
Further, in order to ensure good fireproof effect and high fireproof efficiency, the film forming material b is phenolic aldehyde modified epoxy resin, the dehydrating agent is ammonium polyphosphate, the carbon forming agent is pentaerythritol, and the foaming agent is melamine.
Further, in order to ensure that the fireproof functional layer has excellent performance and further ensure the fireproof and heat insulation effects, the mass ratio of the film forming material b, the dehydrating agent, the carbon forming agent and the foaming agent is 2-3: 5-7: 2.5-3.5: 1-3.
Further, the film forming material a is organic silicon modified epoxy resin; the low-thermal-conductivity-coefficient filler is a mixture of silica aerogel, hexa-whisker potassium titanate and ceramic hollow microspheres, and the mass ratio of the low-thermal-conductivity-coefficient filler to the hexa-whisker potassium titanate to the ceramic hollow microspheres is 5-7: 3-5: 4-6; the functional auxiliary agent is a mixture of sepiolite fibers and glass fibers, and the mass ratio of the sepiolite fibers to the glass fibers is 1-2: 3-4.
Further, the mass ratio of the film forming material a to the low-thermal-conductivity-coefficient filler to the functional additive is 18-22: 29-31: 1.
Furthermore, in order to prevent the fire-proof heat-insulating layer from bulging, air holes or porosity is increased during foaming and carbonization, and the fire-proof heat-insulating performance is influenced; the heat insulation functional layer and the anti-burning functional layer are uniformly sprayed for multiple times; namely, the total spraying thickness of the heat-insulating functional layer is N, the spraying is divided into M times, and the spraying thickness is N/M each time; the total thickness of the anti-burning functional layer is S, the spraying is divided into L times, and the spraying thickness is S/L each time; n is 1-1.3 mm, S is 0.8-1.5 mm, M is not less than 10, and L is not less than 8.
The invention has the following technical effects:
the fireproof heat-insulation coating coated on the carriage or shelter skin has the characteristics of thin thickness, light weight and no influence on the overall performance of the automobile under the conventional working condition, and has compact structure, small porosity, high bonding strength, difficult shedding, good fireproof heat-insulation effect and good antirust and anticorrosive performance; under flame ignition, foaming and carbonization can be rapidly carried out, the foaming multiplying power is 40-50 times, and a coordinated heat insulation effect is generated between the fireproof heat insulation layer and the heat insulation layer.
Meanwhile, the coating has the advantages of compact structure, small porosity, high bonding strength, difficult shedding, good fireproof and heat-insulating effects and good antirust and anticorrosive performance. The invention can realize the functions of fire prevention and heat insulation under the normal working condition or the special working conditions such as external combustion and the like, and has wide application range.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a fireproof heat insulation layer in an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating the effect of the foamed and expanded fireproof thermal insulation layer in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Wherein, 1, a carriage or a square cabin steel plate; 2. an anti-rust base layer; 3. a heat insulating functional layer; 4. a burn-resistant functional layer; 5. and a protective finish paint layer.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments, but not all embodiments, of the present invention.
Example 1:
as shown in figure 1, the high-efficiency fireproof heat-insulating coating for the special carriage or the shelter is coated on the outer wall of a carriage or shelter steel plate 1 and is characterized in that: the outer wall of a carriage or a shelter steel plate 1 is outwards provided with an antirust matrix layer 2 with the thickness of 60 mu m, a heat insulation functional layer 3 with the thickness of 1mm, an anti-burning functional layer 4 with the thickness of 0.8mm, and a protective finish paint layer 5 with the thickness of 60 mu m in sequence;
the heat insulation functional layer 3 consists of a film forming material a, a low-thermal conductivity coefficient filler and a functional auxiliary agent in a mass ratio of 18:29: 1; the anti-burning functional layer 4 consists of a film forming material b, a dehydrating agent, a carbon forming agent and a foaming agent in a mass ratio of 2:5:2.5: 1; wherein the film forming material a is organic silicon modified epoxy resin; the low-thermal-conductivity-coefficient filler is a mixture of silicon dioxide aerogel, hexa-whisker potassium titanate and ceramic hollow microspheres, and the mass ratio of the silicon dioxide aerogel to the hexa-whisker potassium titanate to the ceramic hollow microspheres is 7:5: 6; the functional auxiliary agent is a mixture of sepiolite fibers and glass fibers, and the mass ratio of the sepiolite fibers to the glass fibers is 2: 4; the film forming material b is phenolic aldehyde modified epoxy resin, the dehydrating agent is ammonium polyphosphate, the carbon forming agent is pentaerythritol, and the foaming agent is melamine; the protective finish paint layer 5 is made of TB04-95 single-component special finish paint; the antirust matrix layer 2 is single-component epoxy iron oxide red antirust primer.
In order to prevent the fire-proof heat-insulating layer from bulging, the appearance and the heat-insulating property of the fire-proof heat-insulating layer are further influenced; the heat insulation functional layer 3 and the anti-burning functional layer 4 are uniformly sprayed for multiple times; namely, the total spraying thickness of the heat-insulating functional layer 3 is 1mm, 10 times of spraying are carried out, and the spraying thickness is 0.1mm each time; the total thickness of the anti-burning functional layer 4 is 0.8mm, 8 times of spraying are carried out, and the thickness of each spraying is 0.1 mm.
The prepared fireproof heat-insulating layer can bear the high temperature of 1000-1200 ℃ for more than 1.0h, the foaming ratio is 40 times, and the bonding strength of the foaming carbonized anti-burning functional layer 4 is more than or equal to 1.0 MPa; the adhesion force of the whole fireproof heat-insulating layer and the matrix reaches grade 1 (GB/T1720-1979), and no foaming and corrosion are caused after 240h water resistance test; the pencil hardness reaches F grade, and reaches 0 grade through a 360-hour light aging test (GB/T1766-; the water resistance and the salt spray resistance of the paint can reach more than 500 h.
A flat plate sample piece with the thickness of 400 multiplied by 400mm is manufactured and processed by adopting a 6mm stainless steel plate, the coating structure is coated, then a natural gas combustion furnace is adopted for testing, the testing condition meets the requirement of 6.1.1 in GB/T9978.1-2008, the applied average temperature is increased in a nonlinear mode along with time, and the highest flame temperature is 1200 ℃. After the test is carried out for 20min, when the application temperature of the coated surface reaches 780 ℃, the temperature of the uncoated surface is 330 ℃, and the fireproof heat-insulating layer isolates the heat of 450 ℃; after the test is carried out for 30min, when the temperature of the coated surface reaches 840 ℃, the temperature of the uncoated surface is 345 ℃, and the fireproof heat-insulating layer isolates the heat of 495 ℃.
Example 2:
as shown in figure 1, the high-efficiency fireproof heat-insulating coating for the special carriage or the shelter is coated on the outer wall of a carriage or shelter steel plate 1 and is characterized in that: the outer wall of a carriage or a shelter steel plate 1 is outwards provided with an antirust matrix layer 2 with the thickness of 80 mu m, a heat insulation functional layer 3 with the thickness of 1.3mm, an anti-burning functional layer 4 with the thickness of 1.5mm, and a protective finish paint layer 5 with the thickness of 80 mu m in sequence;
the heat insulation functional layer 3 consists of a film forming material a, a low-thermal conductivity coefficient filler and a functional auxiliary agent, and the mass ratio of the film forming material a to the low-thermal conductivity coefficient filler to the functional auxiliary agent is 22: 31: 1; the anti-burning functional layer 4 consists of a film forming material b, a dehydrating agent, a carbon forming agent and a foaming agent in a mass ratio of 3: 7: 3.5: 3; wherein the film forming material a is organic silicon modified epoxy resin; the low-thermal-conductivity-coefficient filler is a mixture of silicon dioxide aerogel, hexa-whisker potassium titanate and ceramic hollow microspheres, and the mass ratio of the silicon dioxide aerogel to the hexa-whisker potassium titanate to the ceramic hollow microspheres is 5:3: 4; the functional auxiliary agent is a mixture of sepiolite fibers and glass fibers, and the mass ratio of the sepiolite fibers to the glass fibers is 1: 3; the film forming material b is phenolic aldehyde modified epoxy resin, the dehydrating agent is ammonium polyphosphate, the carbon forming agent is pentaerythritol, and the foaming agent is melamine; the protective finish paint layer 5 is made of TB04-95 single-component special finish paint; the antirust matrix layer 2 is single-component epoxy iron oxide red antirust primer.
In order to prevent the fire-proof heat-insulating layer from bulging, and further cause the increase of air holes or porosity during foaming carbonization, thereby influencing the fire-proof heat-insulating property; the heat insulation functional layer 3 and the anti-burning functional layer 4 are uniformly sprayed for multiple times; namely, the total spraying thickness of the heat-insulating functional layer 3 is 1.3mm, the spraying is divided into 10 times, and the spraying thickness is 0.13mm each time; the total thickness of the anti-burning functional layer 4 is 1.5mm, the spraying is divided into 15 times, and the thickness of each spraying is 0.1 mm.
The prepared fireproof heat-insulating layer can bear the high temperature of 1000-1200 ℃ for more than 1.5h, the foaming ratio is 50 times, and the bonding strength of the foaming carbonized anti-burning functional layer 4 is more than or equal to 1.0 MPa; the adhesion force of the whole fireproof heat-insulating layer and the matrix reaches grade 1 (GB/T1720-1979), and no foaming and corrosion are caused after 240h water resistance test; the pencil hardness reaches F grade, and reaches 0 grade through a 360-hour light aging test (GB/T1766-; the water resistance and the salt spray resistance of the paint can reach more than 500 h.
A flat plate sample piece with the thickness of 400 multiplied by 400mm is manufactured and processed by adopting a 6mm stainless steel plate, the coating structure is coated, then a natural gas combustion furnace is adopted for testing, the testing condition meets the requirement of 6.1.1 in GB/T9978.1-2008, the applied average temperature is increased in a nonlinear mode along with time, and the highest flame temperature is 1200 ℃. After the test is carried out for 20min, when the application temperature of the coated surface reaches 780 ℃, the temperature of the uncoated surface is 280 ℃, and the fireproof heat-insulating layer isolates the heat at 500 ℃; after the test is carried out for 30min, when the temperature of the coated surface reaches 840 ℃, the temperature of the uncoated surface is 300 ℃, and the fireproof heat-insulating layer isolates the heat of 540 ℃.
Claims (3)
1. The utility model provides a special carriage or shelter are with high-efficient fire prevention thermal barrier coating, coats on the outer wall of carriage or shelter steel sheet (1), its characterized in that: an anti-rust base layer (2), a heat insulation functional layer (3), an anti-burning functional layer (4) and a protective finish paint layer (5) are arranged on the outer wall of a carriage or a square cabin steel plate (1) in sequence; the heat insulation functional layer (3) consists of a film forming material a, a low-thermal conductivity coefficient filler and a functional auxiliary agent; the anti-burning functional layer (4) consists of a film forming material b, a dehydrating agent, a carbon forming agent and a foaming agent;
the film forming material b is phenolic aldehyde modified epoxy resin, the dehydrating agent is ammonium polyphosphate, the carbon forming agent is pentaerythritol, and the foaming agent is melamine;
the film forming material a is organic silicon modified epoxy resin; the low-thermal-conductivity-coefficient filler is a mixture of silica aerogel, potassium hexatitanate whiskers and ceramic hollow microspheres, and the mass ratio of the low-thermal-conductivity-coefficient filler to the ceramic hollow microspheres is 5-7: 3-5: 4-6; the functional auxiliary agent is a mixture of sepiolite fibers and glass fibers, and the mass ratio of the sepiolite fibers to the glass fibers is 1-2: 3-4.
2. The high-efficiency fireproof heat-insulating coating for the special carriage or the shelter as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the antirust matrix layer (2) is single-component epoxy iron oxide red antirust primer.
3. The high-efficiency fireproof heat-insulating coating for the special carriage or the shelter as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the heat insulation functional layer (3) and the anti-burning functional layer (4) are uniformly sprayed for multiple times; namely, the total spraying thickness of the heat insulation functional layer (3) is N, the spraying is divided into M times, and the spraying thickness is N/M each time; the total thickness of the anti-burning functional layer (4) is S, the spraying is divided into L times, and the spraying thickness is S/L each time; n is 1-1.3 mm, S is 0.8-1.5 mm, M is not less than 10, and L is not less than 8.
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| CN111423757A (en) * | 2020-03-24 | 2020-07-17 | 吉利汽车研究院（宁波）有限公司 | Fireproof coating, preparation method and application thereof, and fireproof coating |
| WO2022077369A1 (en) * | 2020-10-15 | 2022-04-21 | 深圳市艾比森光电股份有限公司 | Fireproof coating and led display screen with fireproof coating |
| JP7439233B1 (en) | 2022-12-28 | 2024-02-27 | 鹿島建設株式会社 | Laminate and covering structure |
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| DE102015015340B4 (en) * | 2015-11-26 | 2019-06-06 | Diehl Aviation Laupheim Gmbh | sandwich component |
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| CN102492323A (en) * | 2011-11-30 | 2012-06-13 | 精碳伟业（北京）科技有限公司 | Ultra-thin steel structure fire-resistant coating material with multi-core structure |
| CN102643589A (en) * | 2012-04-28 | 2012-08-22 | 华南理工大学 | Indoor water-based ultrathin steel-structure fireproof coating and preparation method thereof |
| CN103788814A (en) * | 2013-10-21 | 2014-05-14 | 溧阳市浙大产学研服务中心有限公司 | Fireproof coating used for steel structure buildings, preparation method thereof and coating process |
| CN104385715A (en) * | 2014-11-19 | 2015-03-04 | 苏州北开生化设备有限公司 | Chemical oil storage tank bottom plate |
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