CN110746211A - Method for reducing ammonia dissipation in sludge aerobic composting process by combining textile waterproof breathable film covering and zeolite adsorption - Google Patents
Method for reducing ammonia dissipation in sludge aerobic composting process by combining textile waterproof breathable film covering and zeolite adsorption Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A method for reducing ammonia dissipation in a sludge aerobic composting process by combining textile waterproof breathable film covering and zeolite adsorption comprises the following steps: (1) adding zeolite into the compost raw materials, and uniformly stirring; (2) putting the compost raw material added with zeolite into a bin type reactor; (3) covering a layer of functional film on the compost raw material added with zeolite; (4) forced ventilation is carried out on the compost raw material added with the zeolite in the bin type reactor through an air compressor; (5) turning the compost raw materials added with the zeolite on 9 th and 14 th days of the compost respectively until the first decomposition of the compost is completed; (6) and taking out the compost raw materials added with the zeolite after the primary decomposition from the bin type reactor on the 23 th day of the compost, and naturally stacking and naturally ventilating the compost raw materials for secondary decomposition. The method reduces the dissipation of ammonia gas in the composting process and ensures the fertilizer efficiency of the composting product under the condition of low cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sludge treatment, in particular to a method for reducing ammonia gas dissipation in a sludge aerobic composting process by combining textile waterproof breathable film covering and zeolite adsorption.
Background
Along with the economic development and the improvement of the living standard of people, the discharge amount of wastewater and the treatment rate of the wastewater are obviously improved, and the output of surplus sludge in China is greatly increased. Municipal sludge is a difficult task to dispose of because of its high yield, large volume, complex nature and potential harm to the environment and human health, and if not properly disposed of, secondary pollution can result. The basic principle of sludge harmlessness, reduction and recycling is followed, and aerobic composting is widely applied to sludge treatment and disposal because of the advantages of high decomposition speed, high resource utilization, low operating cost and the like. However, in the sludge composting process, a large amount of organic nitrogen in the sludge is converted into ammonia gas and is dissipated to the ambient environment, which causes air pollution in production plants and the periphery, and the fertilizer efficiency of the compost product is reduced. How to reduce the escape of ammonia gas in the composting process has important significance on the development and application of sludge aerobic composting.
At present, the method for reducing the ammonia gas dissipation in the composting process mainly comprises the addition of physical adsorbents, chemical additives and biological additives. The physical adsorbent is mainly inert substances, which commonly comprise fly ash, crushed tires, activated carbon, peat and the like, and the substances widely exist in nature, are easy to obtain materials, are low in price, and are low in adsorption efficiency. The chemical additive mainly reacts with ammonium nitrogen in the compost body, so that the efficiency of converting the ammonium nitrogen into ammonia gas is reduced, and the loss of the ammonia gas to the surrounding environment in the composting process is reduced, but the addition of chemical substances is not beneficial to the release of the fertilizer effect of the compost product in the farmland utilization process. The biological additive is mainly FM bacteria or EM bacteria, and the special bacteria can reduce the generation of ammonium nitrogen in the process of decomposing organic substances, so that the conversion of the ammonium nitrogen to ammonia gas is reduced, but microorganisms need to be cultured before composting; and the requirements on composting conditions are strict, so that the method is not suitable for large-scale sludge composting. In conclusion, the physical adsorbent is added into the composting raw material to reduce the escape of ammonia gas, so that the operation is more operable in the engineering. In the open literature, Junxiang et al reduced 27.9% of ammonia emissions by adding 5% zeolite to the sludge; although the release of ammonia gas is reduced to some extent by using the zeolite adsorption principle, the overall efficiency is not high, and the influence of sludge composting on the surrounding environment is difficult to improve unless a large amount of zeolite is added into sludge or a covering material is covered in a reaction tank to enable the zeolite to circularly adsorb ammonium nitrogen generated by the decomposition of organic matters in the composting process. This causes problems in two ways, on the one hand, increasing the amount of zeolite added can lead to a decrease in the fertilizer efficiency of the compost product and increase in costs; on the other hand, which practical material is selected for covering the sludge compost pile body. The Wang waves and the like cover the sludge compost by using the functional film, the escape rate of ammonia is reduced by more than 80 percent, and a good effect is obtained, but the functional film is processed by expanded polytetrafluoroethylene, and the functional film is expensive in manufacturing cost, so that the functional film is difficult to popularize in a large range in engineering application.
The textile industry of China is in the leading position of the world. A large amount of waterproof breathable films are produced every year, the waterproof breathable films have the remarkable characteristics of acid and alkali resistance, corrosion resistance and the like, and the material is currently applied to the fields of garment processing, roof waterproofing and the like in a large scale. Because the waterproof breathable film has a certain breathable function, the gas-blocking effect is not obvious, and no people apply the film to the aspect of blocking the ammonia gas from escaping, and no people research on a method for preventing the ammonia gas from escaping by combining the waterproof breathable film and zeolite.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems that the dissipation of ammonia affects the surrounding environment and reduces the fertilizer efficiency of compost products in the sludge composting process, the invention aims to provide a method for reducing the dissipation of ammonia in the sludge aerobic composting process by combining the covering of a textile waterproof breathable film and zeolite adsorption.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for reducing ammonia dissipation in a sludge aerobic composting process by combining textile waterproof breathable film covering and zeolite adsorption comprises the following steps:
(1) adding zeolite into the compost raw materials, and uniformly stirring;
(2) putting the compost raw material added with zeolite into a bin type reactor;
(3) covering a layer of functional film on the compost raw material added with zeolite;
(4) forced ventilation is carried out on the compost raw material added with the zeolite in the bin type reactor through an air compressor;
(5) turning the compost raw materials added with the zeolite on 9 th and 14 th days of composting respectively;
(6) and taking out the compost raw materials added with the zeolite after the primary decomposition from the bin type reactor on the 23 th day of the compost, and naturally stacking and naturally ventilating the compost raw materials for secondary decomposition.
Preferably, the composting raw material in the step (1) is prepared by uniformly mixing dewatered sludge and additives according to the weight ratio, and the water content of the composting raw material is kept between 60 and 70 percent.
Further, the weight ratio of the dewatered sludge to the additives is 5: 1-4: 1.
Furthermore, the additive is corn straw, wood chips and leaves.
Preferably, the zeolite in the step (1) is natural zeolite, and the particle size of the zeolite is kept in the range of 0.5-1 cm.
Furthermore, the adding amount of the zeolite is 8 to 12 percent of the weight of the compost raw materials.
Preferably, the functional film in the step (3) is processed by a waterproof breathable film and a leather fabric.
Further, the specification of the waterproof breathable film is as follows: the air permeability is 2-4.5 m3/m2H, the average pore diameter is less than 0.2. mu.m.
Preferably, the ventilation in the step (4) adopts intermittent ventilation, and the ventilation quantity is 5-7 m3/(h·m3Stockpiling).
The invention utilizes the waterproof breathable film to cover the interception of ammonia gas and the absorption of ammonium nitrogen by zeolite to reduce the dissipation of ammonia gas in the sludge composting process. Water vapor generated in the composting process forms a layer of water film on the surface of the waterproof breathable film when meeting cold, ammonia released by the composting is dissolved in the water film and converted into ammonium nitrogen after meeting the water film in the dissipation process, and water drops are gradually formed after the water film is increased and fall back to the compost body; the zeolite has strong ammonium ion exchange capacity, can adsorb ammonium nitrogen generated by organic matter decomposition in the composting process and prevent the ammonium nitrogen from falling back to the compost body due to the waterproof breathable film, and integrally reduces the ammonia gas dissipation rate. The waterproof breathable film and the zeolite are low in price and easy to obtain, the ammonia gas dissipation can be reduced by more than 80% by using the waterproof breathable film covering and zeolite adsorption together, the effect is equivalent to that of the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene film covering, and the material cost is reduced to one fifth.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the process of the present invention;
figure 2 is a schematic view of the apparatus when the compost is covered with a waterproof, breathable membrane.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the following embodiments and the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The method for reducing ammonia gas dissipation in the sludge aerobic composting process by combining the textile waterproof breathable film covering and zeolite adsorption comprises the following steps as shown in figure 1:
(1) adding zeolite into the compost raw materials, wherein the adding amount of the zeolite is 8-12% of the weight of the compost raw materials, the zeolite is natural zeolite, and the particle size of the zeolite is kept within the range of 0.5-1 cm through screening and is uniformly stirred;
(2) putting the compost raw material 6 added with zeolite into a bin type reactor 10;
(3) covering a layer of functional film 8 on the compost raw material 6 added with zeolite, wherein the functional film 8 is formed by processing a waterproof breathable film and leather fabric, and the specification of the waterproof breathable film is as follows: the air permeability is 2-4.5 m3/m2H, the average pore diameter is less than 0.2. mu.m. As shown in fig. 2, a thermometer 5 is arranged in a compost raw material 6 added with zeolite, cobblestones 3 and an air distribution pipe 9 are arranged below the compost raw material 6 added with zeolite, the air distribution pipe 9 is arranged at the top of the cobblestones 3 and is communicated with an air compressor 1 outside a bin-type reactor 10 through an air rotor flow meter 2, a gas outlet 7 is arranged at the top of the bin-type reactor 10, and a percolate outlet valve 4 is arranged at the bottom of the bin-type reactor;
(4) the compost adopts an aerobic composting mode, the compost raw material 6 added with zeolite in the bin type reactor 10 is subjected to forced ventilation by an air compressor 1, the ventilation mode is intermittent ventilation, the ventilation is suspended for 1 hour after every 1 hour of ventilation, and the ventilation quantity is 5-7 m3/(h·m3Stockpiling).
(5) And manually turning the compost raw materials 6 added with the zeolite on 9 th and 14 th days of the compost respectively until the first decomposition of the compost is completed.
(6) And taking out the compost raw material 6 added with the zeolite after the primary decomposition from the bin type reactor 10 on the 23 th day of the compost, and naturally stacking and naturally ventilating for secondary decomposition.
Wherein, before the step (1), preparing a composting raw material, wherein the composting raw material is prepared by uniformly mixing dewatered sludge and additives according to the proportion of 5: 1-4: 1, the water content is kept at 60-70%, and the additives can be corn straws, sawdust and leaves.
Example one
Preparing compost raw materials: 40kg of dewatered sludge, 4kg of corn stalks, 5kg of wood chips and 1kg of leaves are uniformly mixed, and water is sprayed into the mixed compost raw materials to keep the water content at 65%.
(1) Adding zeolite into the compost raw materials, wherein the adding amount of the zeolite is 10% of the weight of the compost raw materials, the zeolite is natural zeolite, and the particle size of the zeolite is kept within the range of 0.5-1 cm through screening and is uniformly stirred.
(2) The zeolite-added compost material 6 is placed in a silo reactor 10.
(3) Covering a layer of functional film 8 on the compost raw material 6 added with zeolite, wherein the functional film 8 is formed by processing a waterproof breathable film and leather fabric, and the specification of the waterproof breathable film is as follows: the air permeability is 2-4.5 m3/m2H, the average pore diameter is less than 0.2. mu.m.
(4) The compost adopts an aerobic composting mode, the air compressor 1 is used for forcibly ventilating the compost raw materials 6 added with the zeolite in the bin type reactor 10, the ventilation mode is intermittent ventilation, the ventilation is suspended for 1 hour after every 1 hour of ventilation, and the ventilation volume is 6m3/(h·m3Stockpiling).
(5) And manually turning the compost raw materials 6 added with the zeolite on 9 th and 14 th days of the compost respectively until the first decomposition of the compost is completed.
(6) And taking out the compost raw material 6 added with the zeolite after the primary decomposition from the bin type reactor 10 on the 23 th day of the compost, and naturally stacking and naturally ventilating for secondary decomposition.
Compared with the compost which is not added with zeolite and is not covered with a functional film, the compost method for reducing the ammonia gas dissipation in the sludge aerobic composting process by combining the waterproof breathable film for textile coating and zeolite adsorption reduces the ammonia gas dissipation amount by 85 percent, which is equivalent to that of the method adopting the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene film, but reduces the material cost by one fifth.
Example two
Preparing compost raw materials: 40kg of dewatered sludge, 4kg of corn stalks, 5kg of wood chips and 1kg of leaves are uniformly mixed, and water is sprayed into the mixed compost raw materials to keep the water content at 60%.
(1) Adding zeolite into the composting raw material, wherein the adding amount of the zeolite is 8% of the weight of the composting raw material, the zeolite is natural zeolite, and the particle size of the zeolite is kept within the range of 0.5-1 cm through screening and is uniformly stirred.
(2) The zeolite-added compost material 6 is placed in a silo reactor 10.
(3) Covering a layer of functional film 8 on the compost raw material 6 added with zeolite, wherein the functional film 8 is formed by processing a waterproof breathable film and leather fabric, and the specification of the waterproof breathable film is as follows: the air permeability is 2-4.5 m3/m2H, the average pore diameter is less than 0.2. mu.m.
(4) The compost adopts an aerobic composting mode, the compost raw material 6 added with zeolite in the bin type reactor 10 is subjected to forced ventilation by an air compressor 1, the ventilation mode is intermittent ventilation, the ventilation is suspended for 1 hour after every 1 hour of ventilation, and the ventilation rate is 5m3/(h·m3Stockpiling).
(5) And manually turning the compost raw materials 6 added with the zeolite on 9 th and 14 th days of the compost respectively until the first decomposition of the compost is completed.
(6) And taking out the compost raw material 6 added with the zeolite after the primary decomposition from the bin type reactor 10 on the 23 th day of the compost, and naturally stacking and naturally ventilating for secondary decomposition.
Compared with the compost which is not added with zeolite and is not covered with a functional film, the compost method for reducing the ammonia escape in the sludge aerobic composting process by combining the waterproof breathable film for textile coating and zeolite adsorption has the advantage that the ammonia escape amount is reduced by 80 percent, which is equivalent to that of the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene film, but the material cost is reduced by one fifth.
EXAMPLE III
Preparing compost raw materials: 50kg of dewatered sludge, 4kg of corn straws, 5kg of wood chips and 1kg of leaves are uniformly mixed, and water is sprayed into the mixed compost raw materials to keep the water content at 70%.
(1) Adding zeolite into the composting raw material, wherein the adding amount of the zeolite is 12% of the weight of the composting raw material, the zeolite is natural zeolite, and the particle size of the zeolite is kept within the range of 0.5-1 cm through screening and is uniformly stirred.
(2) The zeolite-added compost material 6 is placed in a silo reactor 10.
(3) Covering a layer of functional film 8 on the compost raw material 6 added with zeolite, wherein the functional film 8 is formed by processing a waterproof breathable film and leather fabric, and the specification of the waterproof breathable film is as follows: the air permeability is 2-4.5 m3/m2H, the average pore diameter is less than 0.2. mu.m.
(4) The compost adopts an aerobic composting mode, the air compressor 1 is used for forcibly ventilating the compost raw materials 6 added with the zeolite in the bin type reactor 10, the ventilation mode is intermittent ventilation, the ventilation is suspended for 1 hour after every 1 hour of ventilation, and the ventilation rate is 7m3/(h·m3Stockpiling).
(5) And manually turning the compost raw materials 6 added with the zeolite on 9 th and 14 th days of the compost respectively until the first decomposition of the compost is completed.
(6) And taking out the compost raw material 6 added with the zeolite after the primary decomposition from the bin type reactor 10 on the 23 th day of the compost, and naturally stacking and naturally ventilating for secondary decomposition.
Compared with the compost which is not added with zeolite and is not covered with a functional film, the compost method for reducing the ammonia escape in the sludge aerobic composting process by combining the waterproof breathable film for textile coating and zeolite adsorption reduces the ammonia escape amount by 90 percent, which is equivalent to that of the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene film, but reduces the material cost by one fifth.
Example four
Preparing compost raw materials: 50kg of dewatered sludge, 5kg of corn straws, 6kg of wood chips and 1kg of leaves are uniformly mixed, and water is sprayed into the mixed compost raw materials to keep the water content at 68%.
(1) Adding zeolite into the composting raw material, wherein the adding amount of the zeolite is 11% of the weight of the composting raw material, the zeolite is natural zeolite, and the particle size of the zeolite is kept within the range of 0.5-1 cm through screening and is uniformly stirred.
(2) The zeolite-added compost material 6 is placed in a silo reactor 10.
(3) Covering a layer of functional film 8 on the compost raw material 6 added with zeolite, wherein the functional film 8 is formed by processing a waterproof breathable film and leather fabric, and the specification of the waterproof breathable film is as follows: the air permeability is 2-4.5 m3/m2H, the average pore diameter is less than 0.2. mu.m.
(4) The compost adopts an aerobic composting mode, the compost raw material 6 added with zeolite in the bin type reactor 10 is subjected to forced ventilation by an air compressor 1, the ventilation mode is intermittent ventilation, the ventilation is suspended for 1 hour after every 1 hour of ventilation, and the ventilation rate is 6.5m3/(h·m3Stockpiling).
(5) And manually turning the compost raw materials 6 added with the zeolite on 9 th and 14 th days of the compost respectively until the first decomposition of the compost is completed.
(6) And taking out the compost raw material 6 added with the zeolite after the primary decomposition from the bin type reactor 10 on the 23 th day of the compost, and naturally stacking and naturally ventilating for secondary decomposition.
Compared with the compost which is not added with zeolite and is not covered with a functional film, the compost method for reducing the ammonia gas escape in the sludge aerobic composting process by combining the waterproof breathable film for textile coating and zeolite adsorption has the advantage that the ammonia gas escape amount is reduced by 87 percent, which is equivalent to that of the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene film, but the material cost is reduced by one fifth.
EXAMPLE five
Preparing compost raw materials: 50kg of dewatered sludge, 4kg of corn stalks, 6kg of wood chips and 1kg of leaves are uniformly mixed, and water is sprayed into the mixed compost raw materials to keep the water content at 63 percent.
(1) Adding zeolite into the compost raw materials, wherein the adding amount of the zeolite is 9% of the weight of the compost raw materials, the zeolite is natural zeolite, and the particle size of the zeolite is kept within the range of 0.5-1 cm through screening and is uniformly stirred.
(2) The zeolite-added compost material 6 is placed in a silo reactor 10.
(3) Covering a layer of functional film 8 on the compost raw material 6 added with zeolite, wherein the functional film 8 is formed by processing a waterproof breathable film and leather fabric, and the specification of the waterproof breathable filmThe grids are as follows: the air permeability is 2-4.5 m3/m2H, the average pore diameter is less than 0.2. mu.m.
(4) The compost adopts an aerobic composting mode, the compost raw material 6 added with zeolite in the bin type reactor 10 is subjected to forced ventilation by an air compressor 1, the ventilation mode is intermittent ventilation, the ventilation is suspended for 1 hour after every 1 hour of ventilation, and the ventilation rate is 5.5m3/(h·m3Stockpiling).
(5) And manually turning the compost raw materials 6 added with the zeolite on 9 th and 14 th days of the compost respectively until the first decomposition of the compost is completed.
(6) And taking out the compost raw material 6 added with the zeolite after the primary decomposition from the bin type reactor 10 on the 23 th day of the compost, and naturally stacking and naturally ventilating for secondary decomposition.
Compared with the compost which is not added with zeolite and is not covered with a functional film, the compost method for reducing the ammonia gas dissipation in the sludge aerobic composting process by combining the waterproof breathable film for textile coating and zeolite adsorption reduces the ammonia gas dissipation amount by 83 percent, which is equivalent to that of the method adopting the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene film, but reduces the material cost by one fifth.
The invention utilizes some special properties of the waterproof breathable film and combines zeolite adsorption to intercept the dissipation of the ammonia gas in the sludge compost, and some moisture can be sprayed on the waterproof breathable film to block part of gas with stronger water solubility. During the sludge composting process, due to the fact that the composting temperature rises, a large amount of water vapor can be generated and is intercepted on the inner side of the waterproof breathable film, the water is utilized to rapidly absorb ammonia which is easily dissolved in water, the ammonia is converted into ammonium nitrogen to exist in the form, and the ammonia falls back to the compost during the composting process.
The method for reducing the escape of ammonia gas in the sludge aerobic composting process by combining the textile waterproof breathable film covering and zeolite adsorption comprises the steps of covering a sludge composting pile body with the textile waterproof breathable film under the condition of low cost, and adding a certain amount of zeolite into composting raw materials, so that the escape of ammonia gas in the composting process is reduced, and the fertilizer efficiency of composting products is guaranteed.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express the embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for reducing ammonia dissipation in a sludge aerobic composting process by combining textile waterproof breathable film covering and zeolite adsorption is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) adding zeolite into the compost raw materials, and uniformly stirring;
(2) putting the compost raw material added with zeolite into a bin type reactor;
(3) covering a layer of functional film on the compost raw material added with the zeolite;
(4) forcibly ventilating the zeolite-added composting raw materials in the bin type reactor through an air compressor;
(5) turning the compost raw materials added with the zeolite on 9 th and 14 th days of composting respectively until the first decomposition of the compost is completed;
(6) and taking out the compost raw material added with the zeolite after primary decomposition from the bin type reactor on the 23 th day of composting, and naturally stacking and naturally ventilating for secondary decomposition.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the compost raw material in the step (1) is uniformly mixed by dewatered sludge and additives according to weight ratio, and the water content of the compost raw material is kept between 60% and 70%.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the weight ratio of the dewatered sludge to the additive is 5: 1-4: 1.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the additive materials are corn stover, wood chips, and leaves.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the zeolite in the step (1) is natural zeolite, and the particle size of the zeolite is 0.5-1 cm.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the zeolite is added in an amount of 8% to 12% by weight of the composting material.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the functional film in step (3) is made of waterproof breathable film and leather fabric.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the waterproof breathable film has the following specifications: the air permeability is 2-4.5 m3/m2H, the average pore diameter is less than 0.2. mu.m.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the ventilation in the step (4) adopts intermittent ventilation, and the ventilation amount is 5-7 m3/(h·m3Stockpiling).
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| CN1266832A (en) * | 2000-03-16 | 2000-09-20 | 西北农林科技大学 | Process for preparing compound organic fertilizer from municipal sludge |
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2019
- 2019-12-05 CN CN201911231889.3A patent/CN110746211A/en active Pending
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| CN1266832A (en) * | 2000-03-16 | 2000-09-20 | 西北农林科技大学 | Process for preparing compound organic fertilizer from municipal sludge |
| CN101575247A (en) * | 2009-06-09 | 2009-11-11 | 北京市农林科学院 | Composting method and special additive |
| CN104211168A (en) * | 2013-05-30 | 2014-12-17 | 智利圣地亚哥大学 | Process to anaerobic digestion of wastewater with high concentration of ammonia nitrogen or protein, in upflow anaerobic digester and sludge blanket, with immobilization of microorganisms and inhibition by ammonium controlled using zeolite-clinoptilolite, and optional production of biofertilizer |
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