CN110743629A - Ion exchange membrane and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Ion exchange membrane and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110743629A
CN110743629A CN201911048700.7A CN201911048700A CN110743629A CN 110743629 A CN110743629 A CN 110743629A CN 201911048700 A CN201911048700 A CN 201911048700A CN 110743629 A CN110743629 A CN 110743629A
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exchange membrane
ion exchange
ion
zirconium phosphate
preparation
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孙大陟
熊天成
陈勇
李丹丹
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Southwest University of Science and Technology
Southern University of Science and Technology
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Southwest University of Science and Technology
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J41/00Anion exchange; Use of material as anion exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the anion exchange properties
    • B01J41/08Use of material as anion exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the anion exchange properties
    • B01J41/12Macromolecular compounds
    • B01J41/16Cellulose or wood; Derivatives thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/42Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/42Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange
    • C02F2001/422Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange using anionic exchangers

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides an ion exchange membrane and a preparation method and application thereof. In the invention, zirconium phosphate and nanocellulose fibers are used together, the nanocellulose fibers are mutually overlapped to form a three-dimensional grid structure, and the zirconium phosphate is filled in the grid structure to form the ion exchange membrane. The ion exchange membrane provided by the invention has excellent ion exchange performance.

Description

Ion exchange membrane and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of composite membranes, and relates to an ion exchange membrane, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The ion exchange membrane is a polymer membrane which contains ionic groups and has selective permeability to ions in a solution. Since its ion permselectivity is generally mainly utilized in application, it is also referred to as an ion permselective membrane. Ion exchange membranes have negatively or positively charged groups attached to the polymeric material making up the bulk of the membrane, which can transport cations or anions under an electrical or chemical potential. Ion exchange membranes are used in electrodialysis, reverse electrodialysis, electrolysis, diffusion dialysis and many other processes. Typically, transport of ions through the membrane occurs under the influence of a driving force such as an ion concentration gradient or, optionally, a ground potential gradient.
CN102723506A discloses an ion exchange membrane for a reinforced vanadium battery and a preparation method thereof, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of ultrasonically dispersing prepared nano carbon particles containing functional groups in a perfluorinated sulfonic acid resin solution, and then preparing an enhanced membrane material by a casting forming method. CN104018180A discloses a zero-polar distance ion exchange membrane, which is a polymer membrane prepared by compounding perfluorinated ion exchange resin and a reinforcing material, wherein the polymer membrane is converted into an ion exchange membrane, and a non-electrode porous gas release layer is attached to at least one side of the ion exchange membrane; the non-electrode porous gas release layer is formed by attaching dispersion liquid to the surface of an ion exchange membrane and then drying the dispersion liquid; the dispersion liquid is formed by dispersing perfluoro sulfonic acid resin broken microparticles in a sulfonic acid resin hydroalcoholic solution. The ion exchange membrane provided by the patent can be used for the chlor-alkali industry to stably and efficiently treat the alkali chloride solution with high impurity content, but still has the problems that the used polymer membrane cannot be effectively degraded and pollutes the environment.
Zirconium phosphate is a layered inorganic compound with high ion exchange performance, layers are mutually connected by Van der Waals force or hydrogen bonds, and the diameter size distribution of α -ZrP particles can be controlled within a small range, which is beneficial to the application of the zirconium phosphate as an ion exchange membrane.
Today, plastic pollution and environmental problems are becoming more serious, and it is necessary to develop a degradable and environmentally friendly ion exchange membrane.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an ion exchange membrane, a preparation method and application thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides an ion exchange membrane comprising zirconium phosphate and nanocellulose fibers.
In the invention, zirconium phosphate and nanocellulose fibers are used together, the nanocellulose fibers are mutually overlapped to form a three-dimensional grid structure, and the zirconium phosphate is filled in the grid structure to form the ion exchange membrane. If the nano cellulose fiber or zirconium phosphate is used alone, the nano cellulose fiber or zirconium phosphate cannot be applied in a film forming manner.
In the present invention, the ion exchange membrane is composed of zirconium phosphate and nanocellulose fibers.
Preferably, the zirconium phosphate is present in an amount of 20 to 80 wt%, such as 30 wt%, 40 wt%, 50 wt%, 60 wt%, 70 wt%, etc., preferably 30 to 70 wt%, based on 100% of the total mass of the ion exchange membrane.
Preferably, the diameter of the nanocellulose fibers is 300nm to 3 μm, such as 500nm, 800nm, 1 μm, 1.5 μm, 2 μm, 2.5 μm and the like, and the aspect ratio is 15 or more, such as 18, 20, 25, 30, 50, 90, 100, 200 and the like.
Preferably, the zirconium phosphate has a diameter of 100nm to 1.5 μm, such as 200nm, 400nm, 600nm, 800nm, 1 μm, 1.2 μm, 1.4 μm, etc., and a thickness of 100-500nm, such as 200nm, 300nm, 400nm, etc.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing an ion exchange membrane according to the first aspect, the method comprising the steps of:
and mixing the nano cellulose fiber dispersion liquid with zirconium phosphate, coating and drying to obtain the ion exchange membrane.
The ion exchange membrane of the present invention, which has excellent ion exchange performance, can be obtained by a simple coating method.
In the present invention, the method of mixing comprises: mixing at room temperature for 1-3h (e.g. 1.5h, 2h, 2.5h, etc.), heating to 70-80 deg.C (e.g. 72 deg.C, 75 deg.C, 78 deg.C, etc.), and mixing for 1-3h (e.g. 1.5h, 2h, 2.5h, etc.).
In the present invention, the drying temperature is 60-70 deg.C, such as 62 deg.C, 65 deg.C, 67 deg.C, etc., and the drying time is 12-15h, such as 12.5h, 13h, 13.5h, 14h, 14.5h, etc.
Preferably, the concentration of the nanocellulose fiber dispersion is 1-5mg/mL, such as 1.5mg/mL, 2mg/mL, 2.5mg/mL, 3mg/mL, 3.5mg/mL, 4mg/mL, 4.5mg/mL, and the like.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides the use of an ion exchange membrane according to the first aspect in the treatment of wastewater containing metal ions.
The ion exchange membrane provided by the invention has the characteristic of biodegradability, the preparation process is environment-friendly, and meanwhile, the zirconium phosphate still has ion absorption performance, can absorb most metal ions in the wastewater, and achieves the effect of purifying water.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) in the invention, zirconium phosphate and nano cellulose fiber are used together, the nano cellulose fiber is mutually overlapped to form a three-dimensional grid structure, and zirconium phosphate is filled in the grid structure to form an ion exchange membrane; if the nano cellulose fiber or zirconium phosphate is used alone, the nano cellulose fiber or zirconium phosphate cannot be applied in a film forming manner;
(2) the ion exchange membrane provided by the invention has excellent ion exchange performance, wherein the exchange efficiency of copper ions is close to 100%, the exchange efficiency of anions is more than 99.92%, and the cycle number is more than 4.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further explained by the following embodiments. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the examples are only for the understanding of the present invention and should not be construed as the specific limitations of the present invention.
Example 1
An ion exchange membrane consists of zirconium phosphate and nano cellulose fiber.
Wherein the mass ratio of the zirconium phosphate to the nano cellulose fiber is 1: 1; the average diameter of the nano-cellulose is 500nm, and the length-diameter ratio is 40-60; the zirconium phosphate had an average diameter of 500nm and an average thickness of 300 nm.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) dissolving 0.25g of nano-fiber in 100mL of water, stirring and dispersing for 2h to form 2.5mg/mL of nano-cellulose fiber dispersion liquid;
(2) adding 0.25g of zirconium phosphate into the nano cellulose fiber dispersion liquid, and stirring for 2 hours to form milky white suspension; heating and stirring the solution at 70 ℃ for 2h to prepare a viscous coating solution;
(3) coating the film coating liquid on a glass plate, placing the glass plate in an oven for curing for 12h at 60 ℃, taking out and then removing the glass plate to obtain the ion exchange membrane.
Examples 2 to 3
The difference from example 1 is that in this example, the mass ratio of zirconium phosphate to nanocellulose fiber was 2:1 (example 2) and 1:2 (example 3).
Example 4
An ion exchange membrane consists of zirconium phosphate and nano cellulose fiber.
Wherein the mass ratio of the zirconium phosphate to the nano cellulose fiber is 4:1, the average diameter of the nano cellulose is 1 μm, and the length-diameter ratio is 20-50; the zirconium phosphate had an average diameter of 1 μm and an average thickness of 500 nm.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) dissolving 0.1g of nano-fiber in 100mL of water, stirring and dispersing for 2h to form 1mg/mL of nano-cellulose fiber dispersion liquid;
(2) adding 0.4g of zirconium phosphate into the nano cellulose fiber dispersion liquid, and stirring for 3 hours to form milky suspension; heating and stirring the solution at 80 ℃ for 1h to prepare a viscous coating liquid;
(3) and coating the film coating liquid on a glass plate, placing the glass plate in an oven for curing at 70 ℃ for 14h, taking out the glass plate, and removing the glass plate to obtain the ion exchange membrane.
Example 5
An ion exchange membrane consists of zirconium phosphate and nano cellulose fiber.
Wherein the mass ratio of the zirconium phosphate to the nano cellulose fiber is 1:4, the average diameter of the nano cellulose is 300nm, and the length-diameter ratio is 20-50; the zirconium phosphate had an average diameter of 200nm and an average thickness of 100 nm.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) dissolving 1g of nano-fiber in 100mL of water, stirring and dispersing for 2h to form 5mg/mL of nano-cellulose fiber dispersion liquid;
(2) adding 0.25g of zirconium phosphate into the nano cellulose fiber dispersion liquid, and stirring for 1 hour to form milky white suspension; heating and stirring the solution at 75 ℃ for 3h to prepare a viscous coating solution;
(3) and coating the film coating liquid on a glass plate, placing the glass plate in an oven for curing for 15h at 65 ℃, taking out the glass plate and then removing the glass plate to obtain the ion exchange membrane.
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 1 is that during the preparation process, the preparation method was not changed, but zirconium phosphate was not added, i.e. the ion-exchange membrane in this comparative example only comprises nanocellulose fibers.
Comparative example 2
The difference from example 1 is that during the preparation process, the preparation method was not changed, but no nanocellulose fibers were added, i.e. the ion-exchange membrane in this comparative example only comprises zirconium phosphate.
In comparative examples 1 to 2, no film was formed.
Performance testing
The samples provided in examples 1-5 and comparative examples 1-2 were tested for performance by the following method:
(1) ion exchange capacity: the membrane was fixed with a buchner funnel, the prepared solution was dropped from above at a rate of 1 drop per second, and the absorbed solution was collected from below, and the change in ion concentration was measured.
(2) Cycle number: and (3) repeating the step of the test (1), and when the ion concentration of the prepared solution before and after passing through the ion exchange membrane is basically kept unchanged, indicating that the absorption capacity of the ion exchange membrane is saturated and is recorded as the cycle number, or the membrane is damaged and is also recorded as the cycle number.
The test results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0002252373330000061
Figure BDA0002252373330000071
The examples and performance tests show that the ion exchange membrane provided by the invention has excellent ion exchange capacity, wherein the exchange efficiency of copper ions is close to 100%, the exchange efficiency of anions is more than 99.92%, and the cycle number is more than 4.
From the comparison between example 1 and examples 2 to 5, it is understood that when the mass ratio of zirconium phosphate to nanocellulose is 1:1, the performance of the ion-exchange membrane is optimal and the number of cycles is high, and when the difference between the two masses is large (both of examples 4 to 5 are slightly broken when ion-exchange is performed for the fifth time), the ion-exchange membrane is easily broken during the cycles.
As can be seen from the comparison between example 1 and comparative examples 1-2, the ion exchange membrane of the present invention is formed by using zirconium phosphate and nanocellulose fibers together, but the zirconium phosphate and the nanocellulose fibers are not acceptable.
The applicant states that the present invention is illustrated by the above examples of the ion exchange membrane of the present invention and the preparation method and application thereof, but the present invention is not limited to the above process steps, i.e. it does not mean that the present invention must rely on the above process steps to be carried out. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that any modification of the present invention, equivalent substitutions of selected materials and additions of auxiliary components, selection of specific modes and the like, which are within the scope and disclosure of the present invention, are contemplated by the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. An ion exchange membrane, characterized in that the ion exchange membrane comprises zirconium phosphate and nanocellulose fibers.
2. The ion-exchange membrane according to claim 1, wherein the ion-exchange membrane consists of zirconium phosphate and nanocellulose fibers.
3. The ion-exchange membrane according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the zirconium phosphate is present in an amount of 20 to 80 wt%, based on 100% by mass of the ion-exchange membrane.
4. The ion-exchange membrane according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the nanocellulose fibers have a diameter of from 300nm to 3 μm and an aspect ratio of 15 or more.
5. The ion-exchange membrane according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the zirconium phosphate has a diameter of 100nm to 1.5 μm and a thickness of 100nm to 500 nm.
6. The method for preparing an ion-exchange membrane according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
and mixing the nano cellulose fiber dispersion liquid with zirconium phosphate, coating and drying to obtain the ion exchange membrane.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the mixing comprises: mixing at room temperature for 1-3h, heating to 70-80 deg.C, and mixing for 1-3 h.
8. The method according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the drying is carried out at a temperature of 60 to 70 ℃ for 12 to 15 hours.
9. The method according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the concentration of the dispersion of nanocellulose fibers is from 1 to 5 mg/mL.
10. Use of an ion-exchange membrane according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in the treatment of a wastewater containing metal ions.
CN201911048700.7A 2019-10-29 2019-10-29 Ion exchange membrane and preparation method and application thereof Pending CN110743629A (en)

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CN111359679A (en) * 2020-04-07 2020-07-03 颇尔(河北)环保设备有限公司 Nano material modified powder ion exchange resin and preparation method and application thereof

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Application publication date: 20200204