CN110734299A - 一种油页岩半焦为原料的轻质陶粒及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种以油页岩半焦为原料的轻质陶粒及其制备方法,其中轻质陶粒原料是由主料为油页岩半焦,质量百分比为75%‑80%,调节剂为油页岩灰渣以及CaO质量含量42.5%和SiO2质量含量30.6%的金属镁渣,其中油页岩灰渣质量百分比为10%‑15%,金属镁渣质量百分比为8%‑13%,粘结剂为黏土,质量百分比为2%‑5%组成。轻质陶粒的制备方法,包括以下步骤:步骤一:原料破碎、粉磨、成球;步骤二:料球干燥;步骤三:烧结;步骤四:冷却。本发明原料来源丰富并且实现了废弃物的资源化利用,获得很好的经济效益和社会效益,除此之外,还实现了陶粒烧制过程中烧成温度低的技术效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及建筑骨料制备技术领域,特别涉及一种以油页岩半焦为原料的轻质陶粒及其制备方法。
背景技术
陶粒一般采用粘土、粉煤灰或生物污泥为主要原料,通过高温焙烧、膨化而成。陶粒作为一种轻集料,具有密度小、强度高、吸水率大、保温、隔热、抗震、耐火等特点,用途广泛,可取代普通砂石配制轻集料混凝土,用作水处理滤料、吸附剂、透水路面材料,还可用作农业、园林中无土栽培的培养基,以及桥面板、空心砌块等建材原料。
油页岩属于非常规油气资源,是一种不可再生的化石能源,与石油、天然气、煤一样。在过去几十年的油页岩开发利用过程中,产生巨量的油页岩半焦及油页岩灰渣,这在无形中造成严峻的环境污染问题。
金属镁渣一般是镁厂冶炼金属镁时产生的固体废弃物,每生产1吨金属镁大约排出8-10吨金属镁渣,如何实现金属镁渣的资源化利用成为制约我国镁产业发展的一大主题。
现有制备陶粒所用原料短缺现象日益严重,另外还存在环境污染较大、生产成本较高及能耗较高等诸多问题。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种以油页岩半焦为原料的轻质陶粒,通过金属镁渣的主要化学成分CaO和SiO2,在陶粒烧制过程中起到降低烧成温度增加陶粒强度的作用,进而可实现降低成本优化产品性能的目的。
本发明的技术方案如下:
本发明提供了一种以油页岩半焦为原料的轻质陶粒,原料组成包括主料、调节剂和粘结剂,分别是由以下质量百分比的组分制成:
主料:油页岩半焦,75%-80%;
调节剂:油页岩灰渣,10%-15%;
CaO质量含量42.5%,SiO2质量含量30.6%的金属镁渣,8%-13%;
粘结剂:黏土, 2%-5%。
所述金属镁渣为调节剂,起到降低烧成温度,进而实现节能降低成本的目的。
作为优化,所选油页岩半焦,是油页岩干馏至500℃并恒温10min后所得的固体产物,挥发分质量含量3.89%,固定碳质量含量6.93%。利用油页岩半焦制备轻质陶粒不仅有助于节约天然资源,降低成本,同时还有利于保护环境。
作为优化,所选油页岩灰渣是油页岩燃烧1200℃-1300℃所得的固体废渣,SiO2质量含量59.27%,Al2O3质量含量16.99%,Fe2O3质量含量12.47%,油页岩灰渣其中Al2O3、Fe2O3、Na2O及K2O成分含量较多。Fe2O3在加热高温时能产生大量气体,主要为CO2,对陶粒的烧胀起关键作用。而Fe2O3、Na2O和K2O等助剂组分含量高又起到助熔作用,可降低陶粒烧成温度。同时这些助熔作用成分有利于液相的形成,从而扩大熔融温度范围,提高陶粒品质。
用于制备这种轻质陶粒的方法包括下述的工艺步骤:
步骤一:将油页岩半焦破碎,称取破碎好的油页岩半焦、油页岩灰渣、金属镁渣和粘土混匀研磨,研磨至200目-300目,得混合料;
步骤二:将混合物加入盘式造粒机的成球盘内,将水用喷雾器械喷洒在盘内的混合物上,在成球盘内滚动成球,得湿料球,粒径范围3mm-10mm;
步骤三:先将湿料球自然干燥,再置于温度为100-150℃的烘箱中烘干;
步骤四:将干燥后的料球,置于烧结窑内焙烧,烧结温度1050℃-1080℃,焙烧升温时间为1.5-3h,到达烧结温度恒温10-15min;焙烧结束后,在窑内先冷却至130-300℃,出窑,在自然冷却至常温。
所述油页岩灰渣在配方中起到调节剂的作用,作为优化,所述粘结剂为粘土,起到粘结和降低产品密度的作用。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下举实施例,对本发明进一步详细说明。
实施例1:
铜川油页岩半焦: 80%
油页岩灰: 10%
金属镁渣: 8%
黏土: 2%
制备方法如下:
1)将油页岩半焦破碎,按上述比例称取破碎好的油页岩半焦、油页岩灰渣、金属镁渣和粘土混匀研磨,研磨3小时,得混合料;
2)将混合物加入盘式造粒机的成球盘内,将水用喷雾器械喷在盘内的混合物上,在成球盘内滚动成球,得湿料球;
3)所得湿料球最大粒度为10mm,先将之自然烘干12h,再置于温度为100℃的烘箱中烘干;
4)将筛出来的球,置于烧结窑内焙烧,烧结温度1050℃,恒温10min;
5)焙烧结束后,在窑内冷却至300℃,出窑,自然冷却;
6)筛出粒径3-10mm的陶粒产品;
7)冷却所得的轻质陶粒体密度的体密度为650kg/m3,产品的真实密度为623kg/m3,密度小于水,吸水率6.4%,筒压强度为6.5MPa。
实施例2:
铜川油页岩半焦: 75%
铜川油页岩灰渣: 10%
金属镁渣: 13%
黏土: 2%
制备方法如下:
1)将油页岩半焦破碎,按上述比例称取破碎好的油页岩半焦、油页岩灰渣、金属镁渣和粘土混匀研磨,研磨3小时,得混合料;
2)将混合物加入盘式造粒机的成球盘内,将水用喷雾器械喷在盘内的混合物上,在成球盘内滚动成球;
3)所得湿料球最大粒度为10mm,先将之自然烘干12h,再置于温度为100℃的烘箱中烘干;
4)将筛出来的球,置于烧结窑内焙烧,烧结温度1060℃,恒温15min;
5)焙烧结束后,在窑内冷却至300℃,出窑,自然冷却;
6)筛出粒径3-10mm的轻质陶粒;
7)冷却所得的轻质陶粒体密度的容重为630kg/m3,吸水率7.8%,其筒压强度为6.1MPa。
实施例3:
铜川油页岩半焦 78%
铜川油页岩灰渣 12%
金属镁渣 8%
黏土 2%
制备方法如下:
1)将油页岩半焦破碎,按上述比例称取破碎好的油页岩半焦、油页岩灰渣、金属镁渣和粘土混匀研磨,研磨3小时,得混合料;
2)将混合物加入盘式造粒机的成球盘内,将水用喷雾器械喷在盘内的混合物上,在成球盘内滚动成球;
3)所得湿料球最大粒度为10mm,先将之自然烘干12h,再置于温度为100℃的烘箱中烘干;
4)将筛出来的球,置于烧结窑内焙烧,烧结温度1070℃,恒温15min;
5)焙烧结束后,在窑内冷却至300℃,出窑,自然冷却;
6)筛出粒径3-8mm的轻质陶粒;
7)冷却所得的轻质陶粒体密度的容重为610kg/m3,吸水率8.4%,其筒压强度为5.9MPa。
实施例4:
铜川油页岩半焦 75%
铜川油页岩灰渣 12%
金属镁渣 8%
黏土 5%
制备方法如下:
1)将油页岩半焦破碎,按上述比例称取破碎好的油页岩半焦、油页岩灰渣和粘土混匀研磨,研磨3小时,得混合料;
2)将混合物加入盘式造粒机的成球盘内,将水用喷雾器械喷在盘内的混合物上,在成球盘内滚动成球;
3)所得湿料球最大粒度为10mm,先将之自然烘干12h,再置于温度为100℃的烘箱中烘干;
4)将筛出来的球,置于烧结窑内焙烧,烧结温度1080℃,恒温15min;
5)焙烧结束后,在窑内冷却至300℃,出窑,自然冷却;
6)筛出粒径3-10mm的轻质陶粒;
7)冷却所得的轻质陶粒体密度的容重为590kg/m3,吸水率8.5%,其筒压强度为5.7MPa。
实施例5:
铜川油页岩半焦 78%
铜川油页岩灰渣 10%
金属镁渣 10%
水 2%
制备方法如下:
1)将油页岩半焦破碎,按上述比例称取破碎好的油页岩半焦、油页岩灰渣、金属镁渣和粘土混匀研磨,研磨3小时,得混合料;
2)将混合物加入盘式造粒机的成球盘内,将水用喷雾器械喷在盘内的混合物上,在成球盘内滚动成球;
3)所得湿料球最大粒度为10mm,先将之自然烘干12h,再置于温度为100℃的烘箱中烘干;
4)将筛出来的球,置于烧结窑内焙烧,烧结温度1070℃,恒温15min;
5)焙烧结束后,在窑内冷却至300℃,出窑,自然冷却;
6)筛出粒径3-10mm的轻质陶粒;
7)冷却所得的轻质陶粒体密度的容重为570kg/m3,吸水率8.8%,其筒压强度为5.9MPa。
Claims (4)
1.一种以油页岩半焦为原料的轻质陶粒,原料组成包括主料、粘结剂和调节剂,主料为质量百分比75%-80%的油页岩半焦,粘结剂为质量百分比2%-5%的黏土,调节剂包括质量百分比为10%-15%的油页岩灰渣,其特征在于:调节剂还包括CaO质量含量42.5%和SiO2质量含量30.6%的金属镁渣,其质量百分比为8%-13%。
2.如权利要求1所述的轻质陶粒,其特征在于,所述油页岩半焦为油页岩干馏至500℃并恒温10min后所得的固体产物,挥发分质量含量3.89%,固定碳质量含量6.93%。
3.如权利要求1所述的轻质陶粒,其特征在于,所述油页岩灰渣是油页岩燃烧1200℃-1300℃所得的固体废渣,SiO2质量含量59.27%,Al2O3质量含量16.99%,Fe2O3质量含量12.47%。
4.一种用于制备权利要求1-3所述轻质陶粒的方法,其特征在于,该制备方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一:将油页岩半焦破碎,称取破碎好的油页岩半焦、油页岩灰渣、金属镁渣和粘土混匀研磨,研磨至200目-300目,得混合料;
步骤二:将混合物加入盘式造粒机的成球盘内,将水用喷雾器械喷洒在盘内的混合物上,在成球盘内滚动成球,得湿料球,粒径范围3mm-10mm;
步骤三:先将湿料球自然干燥,再置于温度为100-150℃的烘箱中烘干;
步骤四:将干燥后的料球,置于烧结窑内焙烧,烧结温度1050℃-1080℃,焙烧时间为1.5-3h,恒温10-15min;焙烧结束后,在窑内先冷却至130-300℃,出窑,在自然冷却至常温。
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