CN110726660B - Device and method for on-site preservation of corrosion failure state of deep sea environment test material and application - Google Patents
Device and method for on-site preservation of corrosion failure state of deep sea environment test material and application Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a device, a method and application for on-site preservation of corrosion failure state of a deep sea environment test material, wherein the device is divided into two cabins, the upper layer is a test cabin, the lower layer is an oil storage cabin, a first sieve plate is reserved at the top of the test cabin, the test cabin is communicated with seawater through the first sieve plate, and a test site for corrosion, aging and failure is provided for the material; the oil storage cabin is communicated with the upper layer test cabin through a second sieve plate, semi-fluid lubricating oil is contained in the oil storage cabin, a magnetic piston is arranged at the bottom of the oil storage cabin, a magnet is arranged at the bottom of the magnetic piston, an electromagnet is arranged at the bottom of the magnet, and the electromagnet is connected with a preset trigger device through an external electromagnet circuit. When the preset trigger device meets the trigger condition, the auxiliary electromagnet circuit is connected, the magnetic piston pushes the semi-fluid lubricating oil in the oil storage cabin into the test cabin, the corrosion, aging and failure shapes are sealed on site, further reaction between the sample and the seawater corrosion environment is avoided, and site freezing of the degradation state is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of deep sea material corrosion tests, and relates to a device, a method and application for field storage of multi-cycle deep sea environment tests, deep sea environment material corrosion failure, stress fracture and other states.
Background
The deep sea contains rich oil gas resources, mineral resources and biological resources, and is an important strategic target of competition of various countries. The deep sea oil gas resource reserves account for about 45 percent of the globally exploratory oil gas recoverable reserves, the total resource quantity of combustible ice is 2 times of the total quantity of globally known coal, petroleum and natural gas, and the requirements of human beings for 1000 years can be met; the deep sea mineral resources are rich, only the copper in the manganese nodule reserves of the pacific bottom can be supplied for 600 years, the nickel can be supplied for 15000 years, the manganese can be supplied for 24000 years, and the cobalt can be supplied for 13 ten thousand years; the diversity of deep sea species is a treasury of biological resources, and has great economic value, and measures for controlling and occupying the resources are listed in national development plans of many countries so as to gain the right of ownership of 'blue public soil'.
The corrosion of materials in deep sea environment is a primary concern in deep sea exploration, and the dissolved oxygen content, temperature, pH, salinity, pressure, flow rate, biological environment and the like in deep sea are different from those in shallow sea, and all the factors directly influence the corrosion aging and failure behavior of materials and equipment. The properties of material failure, aging and corrosion in deep sea environment are obviously different from those in well-known shallow sea environment. Therefore, under deep sea environment, the corrosion, aging and failure behaviors of the material need to be recognized. However, deep sea tests themselves have the characteristics of high cost, high risk and great difficulty. Unlike shallow sea or atmospheric corrosion, deep sea tests are limited by a plurality of factors, and the corrosion, aging and failure states of materials in the environment are difficult to observe in real time. Knowing the progress of the test at a particular time, recording the status of failure remains a significant challenge. However, for the corrosion and failure (such as stress corrosion, fatigue fracture and the like) processes of the material, the corresponding morphology, fracture and the like contain vital information, once such information is lost, the real process and mechanism are difficult to judge, so that the test sample and the device are subjected to preset control in the deep sea test process, the field sealing of the failure state is realized when the preset test time is reached or the preset test event occurs, more useful information can be provided for the corrosion failure process of the material, the corrosion failure mechanism is more truly and clearly determined, and the development of a deep sea test method is promoted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at the defects of the prior art and provides a device, a method and application for storing corrosion, aging and failure states of materials on site in a deep sea environment, which are used for evaluating the corrosion, aging and failure performances of different materials in simulated deep sea and real sea environments.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
1. the invention provides a device for on-site preservation of corrosion failure states of deep sea environment test materials, which is divided into two cabins, wherein one cabin is a test cabin, the other cabin is an oil storage cabin, the test cabin is positioned on the upper layer, a first sieve plate is reserved at the top of the test cabin, the test cabin is communicated with seawater through the first sieve plate to provide a test site for corrosion, aging and failure of the materials, and the test device to be tested is fixed in the cabin to carry out a deep sea environment exposure test;
the oil storage cabin is positioned at the lower layer, the oil storage cabin is communicated with the upper layer test cabin through a second sieve plate, semi-fluid lubricating oil is contained in the oil storage cabin, the density of the semi-fluid lubricating oil is greater than that of seawater, a magnetic piston is arranged at the bottom of the oil storage cabin, a magnet is arranged at the bottom of the magnetic piston, an electromagnet is arranged at the bottom of the magnet, and the electromagnet is connected with a preset trigger device through an external electromagnet circuit;
when the preset trigger device meets the trigger condition, the auxiliary electromagnet circuit is switched on to generate a magnetic field repulsive to the magnetic piston, the magnetic piston pushes the semi-fluid lubricating oil in the oil storage cabin into the test cabin under the action of magnetic repulsion to discharge seawater in the test cabin, so that the corrosion, aging and failure appearance is sealed and stored on site, further reaction of the sample and a seawater corrosion environment is avoided, and on-site freezing of a degradation state is realized.
Optionally, the triggering condition of the preset triggering device is that the test reaches a preset time, or a preset sudden change of the test sample occurs in the test chamber (for example, after the stress test sample breaks).
Optionally, a baffle plate is reserved at the upper part of the oil storage tank and above the magnetic piston and used for limiting the maximum displacement of the upward propulsion of the magnetic piston.
Optionally, a braking piece or a buckle is reserved at the position above the oil storage bulkhead and below the baffle plate and used for clamping the magnetic piston, so that the phenomenon that the oil phase reflows because the magnetic piston retreats under the action of gravity when the electromagnet is invalid is avoided.
Optionally, the magnet is an NdFeB magnet.
2. The invention also provides a method for on-site preservation of corrosion failure states of the test materials in the deep sea environment, which is based on the device and comprises the following steps:
1) fixing a test device to be tested in a test cabin to perform a deep sea environment exposure test;
2) installing a preset trigger device and an auxiliary electromagnet circuit;
3) when the preset trigger device meets the trigger condition, the auxiliary electromagnet circuit is switched on to generate a magnetic field repulsive to the magnetic piston, the magnetic piston pushes the semifluid lubricating oil in the oil storage cabin into the test cabin under the action of magnetic repulsion to discharge seawater in the test cabin, so that the corrosion, aging and failure appearance is sealed and stored on site, further reaction of the sample and a seawater corrosion environment is avoided, and on-site 'freezing' of a degradation state is realized;
4) after sample recovery, the oil phase on the surface was removed in the laboratory and the corrosion aged samples were further tested and analyzed.
Optionally, the preset triggering device is a time control switch, the preset test period is t, and when t is input by the time control switch, the auxiliary electromagnet circuit is triggered after the time is reached.
Optionally, the preset triggering device is a stress corrosion test device, a sample of the stress corrosion test device is made into a C-shaped ring, when the C-shaped ring is soaked in a simulated deep sea or real sea environment, stress corrosion occurs, and when the C-shaped ring continuously deforms until a predetermined fracture failure event occurs, the auxiliary electromagnet circuit is triggered.
3. The method for storing the corrosion failure state of the deep sea environment test material on site is applied to deep sea environment tests, corrosion failure of the deep sea environment material and stress fracture.
Compared with the prior art, the device, the method and the application for on-site preservation of the corrosion failure state of the deep sea environment test material have the following beneficial effects that:
(1) the testing time is preset before the testing device is put into the testing device, and after the preset testing time is reached, the device automatically seals and stores the material by using the oil phase, so that further corrosion is avoided, and information such as corrosion morphology in preset time is reserved; based on the device, a deep sea test with any exposure period can be carried out;
(2) for a material failure event (such as stress corrosion fracture), an automatic sealing system is triggered while the material fails, and the fracture state can be sealed on site for laboratory analysis after sampling;
(3) the device can be used for the outfield deep sea test and the indoor simulation test under the deep sea condition, and has high universality. The device has simple design structure and scientific principle, can put in and recycle the deep sea environment material test samples in multiple cycles at one time, and deeply explores the failure processes such as deep sea stress corrosion cracking and the like, thereby promoting the development of deep sea corrosion tests and having very high popularization and application values.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic design diagram of a material failure state field preservation device for use in a deep sea environment in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a sample string in a test chamber (typically, only two samples are shown in the diagram. samples may continue to increase as the size of the test chamber space permits, depending on the actual requirements);
in the figure, the device comprises a first sieve plate 1, a first sieve plate 2, a test chamber 3, a second sieve plate 4, an oil storage chamber 5, a magnet 6, an electromagnet 7, a preset trigger device 8, a baffle plate 9, a brake plate or a buckle 10 and a magnetic piston.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the device, method and application for on-site preservation of corrosion failure state of deep sea environment test material according to the present invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings 1-2.
As shown in the attached figures 1-2, the device for on-site preservation of the corrosion failure state of the test material in the deep sea environment is divided into two chambers, wherein one chamber is a test chamber 2, and the other chamber is an oil storage chamber 4. The test chamber 2 is positioned on the upper layer, the first sieve plate 1 is reserved at the top of the test chamber 2, the test chamber 2 is communicated with seawater through the first sieve plate 1 to provide a test site for corrosion, aging and failure of materials, and a test device to be tested (the test device is not an innovation point of the invention and can be fixed in the mode of FIG. 2 or other known methods in the field, and the description is omitted) is fixed in the chamber to perform a deep sea environment exposure test. The oil storage tank 4 is located on the lower layer, the oil storage tank 4 is communicated with the upper layer test chamber 2 through the second sieve plate 3, semi-fluid lubricating oil is contained in the oil storage tank 4, the density of the semi-fluid lubricating oil is larger than that of seawater, a magnetic piston 10 is arranged at the bottom of the oil storage tank 4, a magnet 5 is arranged at the bottom of the magnetic piston 10, the magnet 5 is an NdFeB magnet 5, an electromagnet 6 is arranged at the bottom of the magnet 5, and the electromagnet 6 is connected with a preset trigger device 7 through an external electromagnet circuit.
When the preset trigger device 7 meets the trigger condition, the auxiliary electromagnet circuit is connected to generate a magnetic field repulsive to the magnetic piston 10, the magnetic piston 10 pushes the semi-fluid lubricating oil in the oil storage tank 4 into the test chamber 2 under the action of magnetic repulsion to discharge the seawater in the test chamber 2, so that the corrosion, aging and failure appearance are sealed and stored on site, further reaction of the sample and the seawater corrosion environment is avoided, and the site 'freezing' in a degradation state is realized. After sample recovery, the oil phase on the surface is removed in the laboratory and the corrosion-aged material can be further tested and analyzed.
Wherein:
the triggering conditions of the preset triggering device 7 are that the test reaches a preset time (realized by a time switch, not shown in the figure) or that the test sample in the test chamber 2 has a preset sudden change (after the stress sample breaks as shown in fig. 1).
A baffle 8 is reserved in the upper part of the oil sump 4 at a position above the magnetic piston 10 for limiting the maximum displacement of the upward thrust of the magnetic piston 10.
A braking piece or a buckle is reserved on the wall of the oil storage tank 4 and below the baffle 8 to clamp the magnetic piston 10, so that the phenomenon that the oil phase reflows because the magnetic piston 10 retreats under the action of gravity when the electromagnet 6 is invalid is avoided.
The device can be used for the exposure test of metal and non-metal materials in multi-period deep sea environment. When the device is used for this purpose, an auxiliary electromagnet circuit needs to be installed in advance. For example, when the predetermined test period is 1 month, 720 hours of input of the corresponding time control switch are carried out, when the time is reached, the circuit of the electromagnet 6 is switched on, the generated magnetic field and the corresponding magnet 5 generate repulsion, so the oil phase is pushed into the test chamber 2 at the upper layer, the first sieve plate 1 reserved in the test chamber 2 can ensure that the water phase flows out, after the oil phase is pushed to a proper position, the baffle plate 8 reserved above blocks the further pushing of the magnetic piston 10, and therefore the movement is stopped, in addition, the wall of the oil storage chamber 4 is reserved with a braking piece or a buckle 9 for clamping the magnetic piston 10, and the phenomenon that the oil phase flows back due to the action of gravity when the electromagnet 6 is invalid is avoided.
In addition, the material can be subjected to failure states such as stress corrosion and fatigue fracture under the combined action of stress and a severe deep sea corrosion environment. Stress corrosion in deep sea environments also poses a potential threat and risk to the service of the equipment. Evaluating and screening the deep sea stress corrosion resistance of materials and analyzing stress fractures are also important tasks for environmental testing. The method has important significance for carrying out morphology analysis on the stress fracture. The device can be used for sealing and storing the stress fracture in real sea or simulated deep sea environment on site, thereby providing important materials for researching stress fracture and the like. (for the C-ring stress corrosion in situ monitoring method please refer to "a stress corrosion test device, method and application for deep sea environment", application No. 201711280845.0, publication No. 108279180A)
Stress corrosion occurs when C-rings are immersed in simulated deep or real sea environments. When the C-shaped ring continuously deforms until a preset fracture failure event occurs, the electromagnet circuit is triggered at the moment, oil injection of the oil storage cabin 4 to the test cabin 2 is achieved, accordingly, on-site sealing of a fracture sample can be achieved, and the fracture phenomenon can be deeply analyzed after the sample is recovered.
Test example 1:
the device can be used for the exposure test of metal and non-metal materials in multi-period deep sea environment. For example, 6 sets of devices are selected, the predetermined test periods are 6 months, 12 months, 18 months, 24 months, 30 months and 36 months, the 6 sets of devices are integrated and combined on a test frame, and then the sample is put into the water depth of hundreds of meters to thousands of meters (for example, 1000 m). After the test periods are respectively carried out, the circuit of the electromagnet 6 is switched on, the generated magnetic field and the corresponding magnetic piston 10 generate repulsion action, quasi-fluid lubricating oil with moderate viscosity is pushed into the upper layer test chamber 2, and the field sealing of the sample device is realized. After the test is carried out for 36 months, 6 sets of test devices with the period of 6 months, 12 months, 18 months, 24 months, 30 months and 36 months of exposure at 1000m underwater can be obtained by one-time on-site recovery. This will greatly improve the efficiency of the test and reduce the cost of the test.
Test example 2:
the stress corrosion test device which is used for 6 times in the deep sea environment is processed, springs with different lengths in a compression state are selected, different stresses are provided on the C-shaped ring, the device is combined on a test frame, then the device is put into a water depth of hundreds to thousands of meters (such as 1000 m), and a deep sea exposure test is carried out. Under the action of deep sea corrosion, the shape of the C-shaped ring can be gradually changed until a fracture phenomenon occurs. When the fracture happens, the preset trigger device 7 is triggered to conduct the electromagnet circuit, so that a magnetic field is generated to generate repulsion on the magnetic piston 10, quasi-fluid lubricating oil with moderate viscosity is pushed into the upper layer test chamber 2, and the field sealing of the sample device is realized. After the test is carried out for 2 years, 6 sets of test devices under different stress conditions at 1000m underwater can be obtained by one-time on-site recovery, fracture morphology under different stress conditions is analyzed, and important materials are provided for revealing a deep sea stress corrosion mechanism.
In the present invention, the shapes of the test chamber 2 and the oil storage chamber 4 are not limited, and may be cylindrical, prismatic, or rectangular.
While the preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the application.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the application. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalents, the present application is intended to include such modifications and variations as well.
In addition to the technical features described in the specification, the technology is known to those skilled in the art.
Claims (9)
1. A device for on-site preservation of corrosion failure states of deep sea environment test materials is characterized in that the device is divided into two cabins, wherein one cabin is a test cabin, the other cabin is an oil storage cabin, the test cabin is positioned on the upper layer, a first sieve plate is reserved at the top of the test cabin, the test cabin is communicated with seawater through the first sieve plate to provide a test site for corrosion, aging and failure of the materials, and a test device to be tested is fixed in the cabin to perform a deep sea environment exposure test;
the oil storage cabin is positioned at the lower layer, the oil storage cabin is communicated with the upper layer test cabin through a second sieve plate, semi-fluid lubricating oil is contained in the oil storage cabin, the density of the semi-fluid lubricating oil is greater than that of seawater, a magnetic piston is arranged at the bottom of the oil storage cabin, a magnet is arranged at the bottom of the magnetic piston, an electromagnet is arranged at the bottom of the magnet, and the electromagnet is connected with a preset trigger device through an external electromagnet circuit;
when the preset trigger device meets the trigger condition, the auxiliary electromagnet circuit is switched on to generate a magnetic field repulsive to the magnetic piston, the magnetic piston pushes the semi-fluid lubricating oil in the oil storage cabin into the test cabin under the action of magnetic repulsion to discharge seawater in the test cabin, so that the corrosion, aging and failure appearance is sealed and stored on site, further reaction of the sample and a seawater corrosion environment is avoided, and on-site freezing of a degradation state is realized.
2. The device for on-site preservation of the corrosion failure state of the test material in the deep sea environment according to claim 1, wherein the trigger condition of the preset trigger device is that the test reaches a preset time or a preset sudden change occurs to a test sample in a test chamber.
3. The device for on-site preservation of the corrosion failure state of the test material in the deep sea environment as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein a baffle is reserved at the upper part of the oil storage tank and above the magnetic piston for limiting the maximum displacement of the upward propulsion of the magnetic piston.
4. The device for on-site preservation of corrosion failure state of deep sea environment test material as claimed in claim 3, wherein a braking piece or a buckle is reserved on the wall of the oil storage tank and below the baffle plate for clamping the magnetic piston, so as to avoid oil phase backflow phenomenon caused by the magnetic piston retreating due to gravity when the electromagnet is not effective.
5. The device for on-site preservation of corrosion failure states of test materials in deep sea environments according to claim 1, 2 or 4, wherein the magnet is an NdFeB magnet.
6. A method for on-site preservation of corrosion failure states of test materials in deep sea environments, which is characterized in that the device based on claim 1, 2 or 4 comprises the following steps:
1) fixing a test device to be tested in a test cabin to perform a deep sea environment exposure test;
2) installing a preset trigger device and an auxiliary electromagnet circuit;
3) when the preset trigger device meets the trigger condition, the auxiliary electromagnet circuit is switched on to generate a magnetic field repulsive to the magnetic piston, the magnetic piston pushes the semifluid lubricating oil in the oil storage cabin into the test cabin under the action of magnetic repulsion to discharge seawater in the test cabin, so that the corrosion, aging and failure appearance is sealed and stored on site, further reaction of the sample and a seawater corrosion environment is avoided, and on-site 'freezing' of a degradation state is realized;
4) after sample recovery, the oil phase on the surface was removed in the laboratory and the corrosion aged samples were further tested and analyzed.
7. The method for the on-site preservation of the corrosion failure state of the test material in the deep sea environment as claimed in claim 6, wherein the preset triggering device is a time control switch, the preset test period is t, and the auxiliary electromagnet circuit is triggered when t is input by the time control switch.
8. The method for on-site preservation of corrosion failure states of test materials in deep sea environment according to claim 6, wherein the preset trigger device is a stress corrosion test device, a sample of the stress corrosion test device is made into a C-shaped ring, when the C-shaped ring is soaked in simulated deep sea or real sea environment, stress corrosion occurs, and when the C-shaped ring is continuously deformed until a preset fracture failure event occurs, the auxiliary electromagnet circuit is triggered.
9. The application of the method for on-site preservation of the corrosion failure state of the deep sea environment test material according to claim 6, wherein the method is applied to the aspects of deep sea environment test, deep sea environment material corrosion failure and stress fracture.
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