CN110726566B - Method for estimating endurance mileage of electric vehicle - Google Patents
Method for estimating endurance mileage of electric vehicle Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for estimating the endurance mileage of an electric vehicle, which comprises the following steps: step 1, when the electric quantity of the battery is consumed to be close to 0, charging the battery until the battery is fully charged, and recording the electric quantity charged by the battery at the moment as W; step 2, performing m times of tests on the test vehicle to obtain m groups of speed intervals V in totaliNext, the cumulative travel time is TjiThe test data of (a); step 3, substituting each group of data obtained by the test into the data of the test
In (1), calculating PiWherein P isiFor overcoming a speed range V for a vehicleiThe sum of the power required by the running resistance and the power of each electric appliance; step 4, utilize
Calculating to obtain a speed interval ViThe actual driving range L of the vehicle. The invention can accurately estimate the endurance mileage of the electric vehicle in different speed intervals.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of testing of electric vehicles, and particularly relates to a method for estimating the endurance mileage of an electric vehicle.
Background
In recent years, the sales volume of electric vehicles in the entire passenger vehicle market has increased more and more year by year, and the quality problems associated with electric vehicles have also increased, wherein users complaining about the driving range of electric vehicles have a greater weight.
At present, the displayed driving range of most electric vehicles in the market is greatly different from the actual driving range, and different temperature environments and driving speeds have great influence on the actual driving range; the current method for estimating the actual driving range of the electric vehicle is generally estimated by driving on a certain specific road section in a full-electric-quantity state, and has two defects; firstly, when the electric vehicle actually runs, the running speed cannot be kept stable continuously, and the actual driving range of the vehicle at a certain specific speed cannot be known; secondly, limited by road conditions and charging station positions, the electric vehicle cannot run until the electric quantity is completely exhausted, and a complete driving range result cannot be obtained.
Therefore, it is necessary to develop a method for estimating the driving range of an electric vehicle.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an estimation method of the endurance mileage of an electric vehicle, which can accurately estimate the endurance mileage of the electric vehicle in different speed intervals.
The invention relates to a method for estimating the endurance mileage of an electric vehicle, which comprises the following steps of:
step 1, consuming the battery electric quantity of a test vehicle, charging the battery when the battery electric quantity is consumed to be close to 0 until the battery is fully charged, and recording the battery charging electric quantity at the moment as W;
step 2, performing m times of tests on the test vehicle, wherein the test method comprises the following steps:
speed interval V of test vehicleiDriving, wherein i ═ 1,2,3, …, k; and recorded in the velocity zone ViThe lower cumulative travel time is TjiWherein j is 1,2,3 …, m; the test is carried out until the residual battery capacity of the vehicle is an arbitrary value, the battery is charged until the battery is fully charged, and the charging capacity is recorded as Wj，WjThe j charging capacity is obtained;
m groups of speed intervals V are obtained in totaliNext, the cumulative travel time is TjiThe test data of (a);
step 3, substituting each group of data obtained by the test into the data of the test
In (1), calculating PiWherein P isiFor overcoming a speed range V for a vehicleiThe sum of the power required by the running resistance and the power of each electric appliance;
step 4, utilize
Calculating to obtain a speed interval ViThe actual driving range L of the vehicle.
Further, in different sets of tests, the actual running time of the vehicles in different speed intervals cannot be completely consistent.
Further, in the test process, both the window glass and the sunroof of the vehicle are in a closed state.
Further, during the test, the environment of the test area should satisfy the following conditions:
(1) the wind speed is less than or equal to 3 grades;
(2) extreme weather conditions, which are one or more of rainfall, snowfall, hail, and sand-dust weather, cannot occur.
Further, the vehicle load is kept consistent during the test.
Further, the state of the vehicle electrical load needs to be substantially consistent during the test.
Further, in the test process, the driving routes of the vehicles in the same speed interval are basically the same.
Further, in the whole test process, if the environmental temperature of the whole test area is above 0 ℃, the temperature change in the test process is controlled within 10 ℃; if the environmental temperature of the whole test area fluctuates up and down at 0 ℃ or is below 0 ℃, the temperature change range in the test process is controlled within 5 ℃.
Further, the ambient temperature was above-30 ℃ throughout the test area.
The invention has the following advantages: the method is suitable for verifying the cruising mileage of the pure electric vehicle and can also be used for verifying the pure cruising mileage of the plug-in hybrid electric vehicle.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, a method for estimating the driving range of an electric vehicle includes the following steps:
step 1, a test vehicle runs at any speed or consumes the electric quantity of a battery by starting a vehicle electrical appliance load under an idling condition; when the battery power is consumed to be close to 0, the battery is charged until the battery is fully charged, and the battery charging power at the moment is recorded as W.
Step 2, performing m times of tests on the test vehicle, wherein the test method comprises the following steps:
speed interval V of test vehicleiDriving, wherein i ═ 1,2,3, …, k; and recorded in the velocity zone ViThe lower cumulative travel time is TjiWherein j is 1,2,3 …, m; the test is carried out until the residual battery capacity of the vehicle is an arbitrary value, the battery is charged until the battery is fully charged, and the charging capacity is recorded as Wj，WjThe j-th charging capacity is obtained.
M groups of speed intervals V are obtained in totaliNext, the cumulative travel time is TjiThe test data of (a); assuming that k is 3 and m is 4, the experimental data obtained are as follows:
first set of test data: in the velocity interval V1Lower cumulative travel time T11In the velocity interval V2Lower cumulative travel time T12In the velocity interval V3Lower cumulative travel time T13Charge capacity W1；
Second set of test data: in the velocity interval V1Lower cumulative travel time T21In the velocity interval V2Lower cumulative travel time T22In the velocity interval V3Lower cumulative travel time T23Charge capacity W2；
Third set of test data: in the velocity interval V1Lower cumulative travel time T31In the velocity interval V2Lower cumulative travel time T32In the velocity interval V3Lower cumulative travel time T33Charge capacity W3；
Fourth set of test data: in the velocity interval V1Lower cumulative travel time T41In the velocity interval V2Lower cumulative travel time T42In the velocity interval V3Lower cumulative travel time T43Charge capacity W4。
Step 3, substituting each group of data obtained by the test into the data of the test
In (1), calculating PiWherein P isiFor overcoming a speed range V for a vehicleiThe sum of the power required for the running resistance and the power of each electric appliance.
Assuming that k is 3 and m is 4, each set of test data is substituted into each set of test data
The following can be obtained:
P1×T11+P2×T12+P3×T13＝W1；
P1×T21+P2×T22+P3×T23＝W2；
P1×T31+P2×T32+P3×T33＝W3；
P1×T41+P2×T42+P3×T43＝W4；
by the four formulas, P can be calculated1、P2、P3The value of (c).
Step 4, utilize
Calculating to obtain a speed interval ViThe actual driving range L of the vehicle.
In this embodiment, the speed interval ViIs (V)i-5km/h，Vi+5km/h), and Vi+1-Vi≥10km/h。
In this embodiment, in the whole test process, the following conditions need to be satisfied:
(1) the electrical load of the vehicle is basically consistent, and no large change of the electrical load can occur.
(2) The actual driving routes of the vehicles in the same speed interval are basically the same.
(3) The vehicle can not open window glass or a skylight and the like, and if a driver and passengers feel that the temperature in the cockpit does not meet the comfort requirement, the air conditioner can be selectively started to regulate the temperature in the cockpit; in the test process, the air conditioner switch conditions of each group of tests are kept consistent, and the air conditioner switch conditions comprise the temperature, the wind speed, the internal and external circulation modes and the like set by the air conditioner.
(4) In any group of test processes, the ambient wind speed of the test area cannot be higher than 3 grades, and the wind direction cannot be changed to a large extent.
(5) In any group of test processes, extreme meteorological conditions such as rainfall, snowfall, hail, sand and the like cannot occur in a test area; if the meteorological conditions appear, the test needs to be stopped, and after the meteorological conditions of the test area are recovered to be stable, the subsequent test is recovered.
(6) In different groups of tests, the actual running time of the vehicles in different speed intervals is different and cannot be completely consistent; the actual travel time of the vehicle in the individual speed interval is allowed to be the same.
(7) In any set of tests, the vehicle can run in different speed intervals in a crossed mode, and the vehicle does not need to be kept in a certain speed interval to run continuously.
(8) The vehicle loading conditions are to be kept consistent.
(9) The environmental temperature cannot change greatly; if the environmental temperature of the whole test area is above 0 ℃, the temperature change in the test process is controlled within 10 ℃; if the environmental temperature of the whole test area is below 0 ℃, the temperature change range in the test process is controlled within 5 ℃; if the environmental temperature of the test area fluctuates at 0 ℃ or lower, the temperature change range during the test is controlled within 5 ℃. The process is not suitable for carrying out in test zones at ambient temperatures of-30 ℃ and below.
Example 1:
1) the test vehicle can run at any speed, or the electric quantity of the battery is consumed by starting electric appliance loads such as an air conditioner and the like under the idling condition; when the electric quantity of the battery is consumed to be close to 0, charging the battery until the battery is fully charged, and recording the electric quantity of the battery charged at the moment as 25 kw.h;
2) the first set of tests: the test vehicle runs at the speed of about 50km/h, the running is accumulated for 4h, then the vehicle is charged until the battery is fully charged, and the charging electric quantity is recorded as 22 kw.h;
3) the second set of tests: the test vehicle runs at the speed of about 50km/h, and the running time is accumulated for 0.5 h; running at the speed of about 100km/h, accumulating for 1h, and then charging the vehicle until the battery is fully charged, wherein the charging capacity is 20 kw.h;
injecting that the environmental temperature interval of the test area is 15-20 ℃ in the test process;
method in analytical calculation with reference to test data:
V150km/h corresponding to a power of P1；
V2100km/h, corresponding to a power of P2；
T11＝4h，T12＝0.5h，T22＝1h；
The calculation formula is obtained according to the experimental data as follows:
P1*T11＝P1*4＝22；
P1*T12+P2*T22＝P1*0.5+P2*1＝20；
and (3) obtaining: p1＝5.5kw,P2＝17.25kw；
And (3) obtaining: and when the vehicle speed is about 50km/h, the actual driving range L of the vehicle is as follows:
L＝V1*W/P1＝50*25/5.5＝227.3km。
and (3) obtaining: and at the actual driving range of the vehicle with the vehicle speed of about 100 km/h:
L＝V2*W/P2＝100*25/17.25＝144.9km。
and (3) carrying out a third group of tests on the test sample vehicle again:
the third set of tests: when the test vehicle is in a fully charged state, the vehicle runs at the speed of about 50km/h for 1.5 hours in an accumulated mode, and runs at the speed of about 100km/h for 0.8 hour in an accumulated mode; fully charging the battery again, wherein the actual charging capacity is 21.5 kw.h;
according to the above method, the fully charged charge amount is derived as:
5.5*1.5+17.25*0.8＝22.05kw·h；
the difference between the theoretical charging capacity and the actual charging capacity is:
22.05-21.5＝0.55kw·h；
the theoretical deviation from the actual charge capacity was 0.55/21.5 × 100%, 2.6%, and less than 5%.
Example 2:
1) the test vehicle can run at any speed, or the electric quantity of the battery is consumed by starting electric appliance loads such as an air conditioner and the like under the idling condition; when the electric quantity of the battery is consumed to be close to 0, charging the battery until the battery is fully charged, and recording the charging electric quantity of the battery at the moment as 39.5 kw.h;
2) the first set of tests: the test vehicle runs at the speed of about 40km/h, the running is accumulated for 4.5h, then the vehicle is charged until the battery is fully charged, and the charging capacity is recorded as 21.7 kw.h;
3) the second set of tests: the test vehicle runs at the speed of about 40km/h, and the running time is 2.5h in total; running at the speed of about 90km/h, running for 1.2h in an accumulated mode, and then charging the vehicle until the battery is fully charged, wherein the charging capacity is 31.5 kw.h;
injecting that the environmental temperature interval of the test area is 19-26 ℃ in the test process;
method in analytical calculation with reference to test data:
V140km/h corresponding to a power of P1；
V2100km/h, corresponding to a power of P2；
T11＝4.5h，T12＝2.5h，T22＝1.2h；
The calculation formula is obtained according to the experimental data as follows:
P1*T11＝P1*4.5＝21.7；
P1*T12+P2*T22＝P1*2.5+P2*1.2＝31.5；
and (3) obtaining: p1＝4.82kw，P2＝16.21kw；
And (3) obtaining: and at the actual driving range of the vehicle with the vehicle speed of about 40 km/h:
L＝V1*W/P1＝40*39.5/4.82＝327.8km。
the actual driving range of the vehicle at the vehicle speed of about 90km/h is obtained:
L＝V2*W/P2＝90*39.5/16.21＝219.3km。
carrying out a third group of tests on the test sample vehicle again;
the third set of tests: when the test vehicle is in a fully charged state, the vehicle runs at the speed of about 40km/h for 2.0 hours in an accumulated mode, and runs at the speed of about 90km/h for 1.3 hours in an accumulated mode; the battery is charged again, and the actual charging capacity is 31.6 kw.h;
according to the above method, the fully charged charge amount is derived as:
4.82*2+16.21*1.3＝30.71kw·h；
the difference between the theoretical charging capacity and the actual charging capacity is:
31.6-30.71＝0.89kw·h；
the theoretical deviation from the actual charge capacity was 0.89/30.71 × 100%, 2.9%, and less than 5%.
Summarizing examples 1 and 2, the driving range estimation method proved to be effective.
Claims (9)
1. A method for estimating the endurance mileage of an electric vehicle is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, consuming the battery electric quantity of a test vehicle, charging the battery when the battery electric quantity is consumed to be close to 0 until the battery is fully charged, and recording the battery charging electric quantity at the moment as W;
step 2, performing m times of tests on the test vehicle, wherein the test method comprises the following steps:
speed interval V of test vehicleiDriving, wherein i ═ 1,2,3, …, k; and recorded in the velocity zone ViLower cumulative rowDriving time of TjiWherein j is 1,2,3 …, m; the test is carried out until the residual battery capacity of the vehicle is an arbitrary value, the battery is charged until the battery is fully charged, and the charging capacity is recorded as Wj，WjThe j charging capacity is obtained;
m groups of speed intervals V are obtained in totaliNext, the cumulative travel time is TjiThe test data of (a);
step 3, substituting each group of data obtained by the test into the data of the test
In (1), calculating PiWherein P isiFor overcoming a speed range V for a vehicleiThe sum of the power required by the running resistance and the power of each electric appliance;
step 4, utilize
Calculating to obtain a speed interval ViThe actual driving range L of the vehicle.
2. The method of estimating the driving range of an electric vehicle according to claim 1, wherein: in different groups of tests, the actual running time of the vehicles in different speed intervals cannot be completely consistent.
3. The method for estimating the driving range of an electric vehicle according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: during the test, both the window glass and the sunroof of the vehicle were in the closed state.
4. The method of estimating the driving range of an electric vehicle according to claim 3, wherein: during the test, the environment of the test area needs to satisfy the following conditions:
(1) the wind speed is less than or equal to 3 grades;
(2) extreme weather conditions, which are one or more of rainfall, snowfall, hail, and sand-dust weather, cannot occur.
5. The method for estimating the driving range of an electric vehicle according to claim 1,2 or 4, wherein: the vehicle load was kept consistent during the test.
6. The method of estimating the driving range of an electric vehicle according to claim 5, wherein: the state of the vehicle electrical load needs to be substantially consistent during the test.
7. The method for estimating the driving range of an electric vehicle according to claim 1,2, 4 or 6, wherein: during the test, the driving routes of the vehicles in the same speed interval are basically the same.
8. The method of estimating the driving range of an electric vehicle according to claim 7, wherein: in the whole test process, if the environmental temperature of the whole test area is above 0 ℃, the temperature change in the test process is controlled within 10 ℃; if the environmental temperature of the whole test area fluctuates up and down at 0 ℃ or is below 0 ℃, the temperature change range in the test process is controlled within 5 ℃.
9. The method of estimating the driving range of an electric vehicle according to claim 8, wherein: the ambient temperature was above-30 ℃ throughout the test zone.
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