CN110725886B - Active control SMA metal rubber shock absorber and vibration isolation performance adjusting method - Google Patents
Active control SMA metal rubber shock absorber and vibration isolation performance adjusting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110725886B CN110725886B CN201911012680.8A CN201911012680A CN110725886B CN 110725886 B CN110725886 B CN 110725886B CN 201911012680 A CN201911012680 A CN 201911012680A CN 110725886 B CN110725886 B CN 110725886B
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- metal rubber
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F3/00—Spring units consisting of several springs, e.g. for obtaining a desired spring characteristic
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F2222/00—Special physical effects, e.g. nature of damping effects
- F16F2222/06—Magnetic or electromagnetic
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F2228/00—Functional characteristics, e.g. variability, frequency-dependence
- F16F2228/06—Stiffness
- F16F2228/066—Variable stiffness
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F2238/00—Type of springs or dampers
- F16F2238/02—Springs
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)
Abstract
An active control SMA metal rubber shock absorber and a vibration isolation performance adjusting method belong to the field of vibration and impact protection. The vibration isolator solves the problems that the existing vibration isolator is simple in structure, fixed in natural frequency and rigidity and incapable of being adjusted so as to be suitable for various working conditions. The invention comprises an SMA metal rubber blank and an insulated heating wire, wherein the insulated heating wire is uniformly distributed in the SMA metal rubber blank and is punched into an integrated piece; the temperature of the SMA metal rubber shock absorber is adjusted by changing the current led into the insulated electric heating wire, and the rigidity, the natural frequency, the transmissibility and the energy dissipation coefficient of the SMA metal rubber shock absorber are adjusted according to the change of the temperature of the SMA metal rubber shock absorber. The invention is mainly used for vibration reduction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of vibration and impact protection.
Background
With the rapid development of the aerospace industry, the application of vibration damping materials in various spacecrafts faces new challenges, and particularly faces severe tests under the particularly severe working conditions applied by the traditional vibration damping materials (such as common rubber damping materials). In the service cycle of the current spacecraft, the spacecraft is often affected by vibration, impact and the like in a special environment, and among various reasons in failure, most of the reasons are factors such as engine and aerodynamic noise, which may cause an overlarge broadband random vibration band and a noise environment, and then cause multiple resonance peaks of electronic control of a mechanical structure and instruments and meters, so that the corresponding equipment has structural failure, and the problems that the precision of some important electronic instruments and equipment (such as an airborne photoelectric platform) causes power instability due to serious failure are caused. According to incomplete statistics, in the current cause survey of rocket launching failure cases in various countries, the failure cases close to 2/3 are caused by improper control of vibration, and the poor damping performance caused by poor performance of the selected structural material is also another important factor causing the result.
In order to improve the vibration damping performance of the structure used by the spacecraft, the novel damping material is selected from research on the selected novel damping material, the novel damping material is used as a novel composite functional material with Shape Memory and SMA for short, the SMA is called in English (Shape Memory Alloy), and the novel damping material is mainly characterized in that: for SMA material with thermoelastic martensite phase transition behavior, after a certain deformation amount is applied to the martensite shape memory alloy material at normal temperature, the material is heated, and when the applied temperature exceeds the temperature at which the martensite of the shape memory alloy material disappears, namely the austenite phase transition finishing temperature, the deformation of the material generated by the stress at normal temperature can be completely recovered, which is called shape memory effect. Besides the shape memory effect, SMA also has obvious superelasticity effect, namely when the working temperature of the shape memory alloy is higher than the austenite phase transition finishing temperature, if the stress loaded on the SMA is higher than the elastic limit, the continuous loading stress can cause the material to generate stress-induced martensite phase transition (A → M); when the material undergoes a martensite inverse transformation in the stress unloading process (a ← M), the generated strain can be completely recovered, as shown in fig. 1.
The shape memory alloy has a stress-strain change curve with a relatively obvious hysteresis loop (the area enclosed by the graph) in the loading and unloading processes, so that the hyperelasticity enables the SMA to have a relatively strong capacity of dissipating energy, namely a high damping characteristic. Therefore, the metal rubber shock absorber prepared by the shape memory alloy can be applied to working conditions with higher requirements on damping performance due to the high damping characteristic of the shape memory alloy.
During the launching process of the spacecraft, certain important components generally need to work in different frequency ranges, so the vibration isolator of the components is generally expected to work in different frequency bands and successfully avoid multi-order resonance frequencies in the design process. However, in the prior art, the vibration damper made of the traditional metal rubber has the disadvantages that the rigidity and the natural frequency cannot be actively adjusted, the vibration damper cannot be suitable for various working conditions, the conventional metal rubber vibration isolator has a complex structure and mainly comprises metal rubber components, mechanical structures and fasteners, the metal rubber components mainly have the vibration isolation effect, different vibration isolation rigidities, energy dissipation coefficients, transfer rates and resonance frequencies can be obtained by changing the parameters of the metal rubber components, and the process of changing the parameters of the metal rubber components is complex. Therefore, the above problems need to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an active control SMA metal rubber shock absorber and a shock isolation performance adjusting method, aiming at solving the problems that the existing shock absorber is simple in structure, fixed in natural frequency and rigidity and incapable of being adjusted so as to be suitable for various working conditions.
The active control SMA metal rubber shock absorber comprises an SMA metal rubber blank and insulating heating wires, wherein the insulating heating wires are uniformly distributed in the SMA metal rubber blank and are punched into an integrated piece;
the SMA metal rubber shock absorber is provided with two electrodes which are two ends of an insulated electric heating wire respectively;
the temperature of the SMA metal rubber shock absorber is adjusted by changing the current led into the insulated electric heating wire, and the rigidity, the natural frequency, the transmissibility and the energy dissipation coefficient of the SMA metal rubber shock absorber are adjusted according to the change of the temperature of the SMA metal rubber shock absorber.
Preferably, the SMA metal rubber blank is rectangular, circular or polygonal.
Preferably, the insulated heating wires are spirally arranged in the SMA metal rubber blank.
Preferably, the active control SMA metal rubber shock absorber further comprises a power supply, a resistor, a controller and a patch type temperature sensor;
the patch type temperature sensor is fixed on the SMA metal rubber blank, two ends of the insulated heating wire are respectively connected with one end of the resistor and the positive output end of the power supply, and the negative output end of the power supply is connected with the other end of the resistor;
the surface mount type temperature sensor is used for collecting temperature information of the SMA metal rubber blank, and the controller regulates and controls the resistance value of the resistor according to the temperature collected by the surface mount type temperature sensor, so that the temperature of the SMA metal rubber blank is regulated.
The method for adjusting the vibration isolation performance by actively controlling the SMA metal rubber vibration absorber comprises the following implementation processes:
the power supply supplies power to the insulating heating wire, the temperature of the SMA metal rubber blank is acquired through the surface mount type temperature sensor, and the resistance value of the resistor is regulated and controlled by the controller according to the temperature acquired by the surface mount type temperature sensor, so that the temperature of the SMA metal rubber blank is regulated, the rigidity, the inherent frequency, the transfer rate and the energy dissipation coefficient of the SMA metal rubber shock absorber are regulated, and the vibration isolation performance of the SMA metal rubber shock absorber is regulated.
The invention has the beneficial effects that the invention provides the memory and metal rubber vibration isolator with the vibration performance capable of being intelligently controlled, namely: and actively controlling the SMA metal rubber shock absorber. The vibration isolation performance of the vibration isolator is actively controlled by actively changing the rigidity, the natural frequency and the transmission rate of the SMA metal rubber material, so that the vibration isolation performance of the vibration isolator is changed under the condition of not changing the physical structure of the vibration isolator to meet different vibration isolation performance requirements on the same occasion.
The invention can realize various vibration isolation performances of a single vibration isolator, is suitable for various working conditions, and can accurately adjust and control the performances of the vibration isolator according to actual conditions. For example, when the frequency of the vibration isolator is gradually increased from low frequency to high frequency, the transmission rate is too high and cannot meet the requirement, so that the temperature of the SMA metal rubber vibration absorber can be changed, the parameters of the vibration isolator can be adjusted, the vibration performance of the vibration isolator under low frequency can be changed, the resonance point with larger amplification factor can be avoided, the original better vibration isolation performance can be recovered under high frequency, and the multi-order resonance frequency can be avoided smoothly. The natural frequency, the rigidity and the transmissibility vibration isolation performance of the invention can be actively adjusted.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic superelastic view of a shape memory alloy; wherein the abscissa represents strain, the ordinate represents stress, T represents temperature, AfRepresents the end temperature of the martensite to austenite transformation;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the relative positions of the SMA metal rubber blank and the insulated heating wire;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the active control SMA metal rubber damper.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
The invention is further described with reference to the following drawings and specific examples, which are not intended to be limiting.
Referring to fig. 2 to illustrate the embodiment, the active control SMA metal rubber damper in the embodiment includes an SMA metal rubber blank 1 and an insulating heating wire 2, wherein the insulating heating wire 2 is uniformly distributed in the SMA metal rubber blank 1, and the two are stamped into an integral piece;
the SMA metal rubber shock absorber is provided with two electrodes which are two ends of an insulated electric heating wire 2 respectively;
the temperature of the SMA metal rubber damper is adjusted by changing the current led into the insulated electric heating wire 2, and the rigidity, the natural frequency, the transmissibility and the energy dissipation coefficient of the SMA metal rubber damper are adjusted according to the change of the temperature of the SMA metal rubber damper.
Further, the SMA metal rubber blank 1 is rectangular, circular or polygonal.
Further, an insulated electric heating wire 2 is spirally arranged in the SMA metal rubber blank 1. The SMA metal rubber damper has a simple structure, the temperature of the SMA metal rubber damper is adjusted by changing the current led into the insulated electric heating wire 2, and the natural frequency of the SMA metal rubber damper is adjusted according to the change of the temperature of the SMA metal rubber damper, so that the SMA metal rubber damper is suitable for various working conditions.
When the SMA metal rubber vibration damper is specifically applied, the SMA metal rubber blank 1 in any shape can be adopted, the insulating electric heating wire 2 and the SMA metal rubber blank 1 are integrally formed in a punching mode, two ends of the insulating electric heating wire 2 are reserved during punching, and the SMA metal rubber vibration damper is punched into different shapes according to the shape of a die so as to be suitable for different working occasions.
Further, the active control SMA metal rubber shock absorber also comprises a power supply 3, a resistor 4, a controller 5 and a patch type temperature sensor 6;
the patch type temperature sensor 6 is fixed on the SMA metal rubber blank 1, two ends of the insulated electric heating wire 2 are respectively connected with one end of the resistor 4 and the positive output end of the power supply 3, and the negative output end of the power supply 3 is connected with the other end of the resistor 4;
the surface mount type temperature sensor 6 is used for collecting temperature information of the SMA metal rubber blank 1, and the controller 5 regulates and controls the resistance value of the resistor 4 according to the temperature collected by the surface mount type temperature sensor 6, so that the temperature of the SMA metal rubber blank 1 is regulated.
In the embodiment, the current is regulated by the power supply and the resistor to provide proper temperature for the SMA metal rubber shock absorber, the temperature of the SMA metal rubber shock absorber is fed back to the controller by the patch type temperature sensor, and the controller controls the resistor to realize accurate closed-loop control of the temperature. The state of the SMA metal rubber shock absorber is changed by actively changing the temperature of the SMA metal rubber shock absorber, so that different vibration isolation performances such as: dynamic stiffness, energy dissipation factor, transmissibility, and resonant frequency.
Referring to fig. 2 and fig. 3, the embodiment is described, and the vibration isolation performance adjusting method implemented by actively controlling the SMA metal rubber vibration absorber in the embodiment is implemented by the following steps:
the power supply 3 supplies power to the insulating heating wire 2, the temperature of the SMA metal rubber blank 1 is acquired through the surface mount type temperature sensor 6, and the resistance value of the resistor 4 is regulated and controlled by the controller 5 according to the temperature acquired by the surface mount type temperature sensor 6, so that the temperature of the SMA metal rubber blank 1 is regulated, the rigidity, the inherent frequency, the transfer rate and the energy dissipation coefficient of the SMA metal rubber shock absorber are regulated, and the vibration isolation performance of the SMA metal rubber shock absorber is regulated.
Although the invention herein has been described with reference to particular embodiments, it is to be understood that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and applications of the present invention. It is therefore to be understood that numerous modifications may be made to the illustrative embodiments and that other arrangements may be devised without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims. It should be understood that features described in different dependent claims and herein may be combined in ways different from those described in the original claims. It is also to be understood that features described in connection with individual embodiments may be used in other described embodiments.
Claims (5)
1. The active control SMA metal rubber shock absorber is characterized by comprising an SMA metal rubber blank (1) and insulating heating wires (2), wherein the insulating heating wires (2) are uniformly distributed in the SMA metal rubber blank (1) and are punched into an integral piece;
the SMA metal rubber shock absorber is provided with two electrodes which are two ends of an insulated electric heating wire (2) respectively;
the temperature of the SMA metal rubber damper is adjusted by changing the current led into the insulated electric heating wire (2), and the rigidity, the natural frequency, the transmissibility and the energy dissipation coefficient of the SMA metal rubber damper are adjusted according to the change of the temperature of the SMA metal rubber damper.
2. The actively controlled SMA metal rubber damper according to claim 1, characterized in that the SMA metal rubber blank (1) is circular or polygonal.
3. The active control SMA metal rubber damper according to claim 1, wherein the insulated heating wire (2) is spirally arranged in the SMA metal rubber blank (1).
4. The active control SMA metal rubber damper according to claim 1, further comprising a power source (3), a resistor (4), a controller (5) and a patch type temperature sensor (6);
the patch type temperature sensor (6) is fixed on the SMA metal rubber blank (1), two ends of the insulated electric heating wire (2) are respectively connected with one end of the resistor (4) and the positive output end of the power supply (3), and the negative output end of the power supply (3) is connected with the other end of the resistor (4);
the patch type temperature sensor (6) is used for collecting temperature information of the SMA metal rubber blank (1), and the controller (5) regulates and controls the resistance value of the resistor (4) according to the temperature collected by the patch type temperature sensor (6), so that the temperature of the SMA metal rubber blank (1) is regulated.
5. The method for adjusting the vibration isolation performance by actively controlling the SMA metal rubber vibration absorber as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that the method is realized by the following steps:
the power supply (3) supplies power to the insulating heating wire (2), the temperature of the SMA metal rubber blank (1) is collected through the patch type temperature sensor (6), and the resistance value of the resistor (4) is regulated and controlled by the controller (5) according to the temperature collected by the patch type temperature sensor (6), so that the temperature of the SMA metal rubber blank (1) is regulated, the rigidity, the inherent frequency, the transfer rate and the energy dissipation coefficient of the SMA metal rubber shock absorber are regulated, and the vibration isolation performance of the SMA metal rubber shock absorber is regulated.
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| CN111304973B (en) * | 2020-02-23 | 2021-06-01 | 长安大学 | Composite vibration damper |
| CN112343195B (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2022-11-18 | 重庆大学 | SMA (shape memory alloy) lattice structure with integrated material and function, vibration isolator and manufacturing method of vibration isolator |
| CN112937758A (en) * | 2021-03-12 | 2021-06-11 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一九研究所 | Damping unit, buoyant raft vibration isolation device and ship |
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| JPH08312705A (en) * | 1995-05-17 | 1996-11-26 | Mitsubishi Cable Ind Ltd | Two-way shape memory alloy coil spring element |
| WO2001012985A1 (en) * | 1999-08-12 | 2001-02-22 | Nano Muscle, Inc. | Shape-memory alloy actuators and control methods |
| CN201794176U (en) * | 2010-04-27 | 2011-04-13 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Vibration absorber for variable-frequency shape memory alloy composite beam |
| CN102644686A (en) * | 2012-04-09 | 2012-08-22 | 北京航空航天大学 | Method for manufacturing damping structural piece of aviation engine supporting system |
| CN105805227A (en) * | 2016-01-19 | 2016-07-27 | 南京航空航天大学 | Variable-frequency wire mesh rubber vibration isolator and manufacturing method of parts of rubber vibration isolator |
| CN106481710B (en) * | 2016-10-14 | 2020-03-17 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Shape memory polymer composite material cylindrical slow-release mechanism |
| CN107314073B (en) * | 2017-06-27 | 2018-05-18 | 西安交通大学 | Intelligent vibration damping device and the course of work based on SMA variable rate springs |
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