CN110721643B - 一种植物甾醇酯微胶囊及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种植物甾醇酯微胶囊及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110721643B CN110721643B CN201910924727.1A CN201910924727A CN110721643B CN 110721643 B CN110721643 B CN 110721643B CN 201910924727 A CN201910924727 A CN 201910924727A CN 110721643 B CN110721643 B CN 110721643B
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Abstract
本发明属于精细化工领域,具体涉及一种植物甾醇酯微胶囊及其制备方法与应用。本发明以维生素C水溶液为水相,以植物甾醇酯作为油相,辅以乳化剂,制备得到稳定的W/O乳液,然后以该W/O乳液作为芯材,以负电荷聚合物***胶、果胶和正电荷聚合物壳聚糖作为壁材,进行复合凝聚反应,得到稳定的植物甾醇酯微胶囊。该微胶囊耐高温、高湿,并具有缓释作用,方法简单,反应温和。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于精细化工领域,具体涉及一种植物甾醇酯微胶囊及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
植物甾醇是一种存在于植物中的天然活性物质,在结构上与动物性甾醇如胆甾醇相似,广泛存在于各种植物油、坚果、植物种子、蔬菜水果中。天然植物甾醇种类繁多,其中主要包括β-谷甾醇、豆甾醇、菜子甾醇和菜油甾醇。植物甾醇酯是由植物甾醇和脂肪酸通过酯化反应制得,具有比游离植物甾醇更好的脂溶性,具有比植物甾醇更优的脂溶性和更佳的降血胆固醇效果。美国FDA已经批准添加植物甾醇或植物甾醇酯的食品可使用“有益健康”标签,同时FDA根据研究报告作出声明,每天至少摄入1.3g植物甾醇酯即可起到降胆固醇功效。
植物甾醇酯属油脂性物质,较植物甾醇有更优的脂溶性,但仍难以与水溶性物质混溶,难以均匀地添加于食品、药品中,而且暴露于空气中,其过氧化值易于升高,出现氧化酸败。这些因素造成植物甾醇酯应用的局限性。将植物甾醇酯进行微胶囊化处理,可扩大其使用范围。
微胶囊技术是一种利用成膜材料把固体、液体或气体包埋成具有功能性核壳结构包合物的技术。所制备的包合物称为微胶囊,微胶囊的粒径通常在几微米至上千微米,其中,内部被包裹的物质称作芯材,也叫客体分子,外部的包被材料称作壁材,也叫主体分子,壁材一般为天然或合成高分子材料,芯材可以是液体、固体、也可是气体,可以是一种或几种物质的混合物。作为一门新兴技术,已经在食品、化工、农业等领域有了广泛的应用,微胶囊化技术根据原理,可分为物理法、化学法以及物理化学法三种。其中,物理法主要有喷雾干燥法、流化床涂层法、空气悬浮法等;化学法主要有原位聚合法、复凝聚法和使用脂质体制备微胶囊等;物理化学法主要有凝聚相分离法、溶剂蒸发法和溶胶-凝胶包埋法等。
现有技术公开的甾醇酯微胶囊化主要采用喷雾干燥法,例如:申请号为“201310332851.1”、申请名称为“一种植物甾醇酯微胶囊的制备方法”公开了以***胶及麦芽糊精为壁材,采用喷雾干燥法制得植物甾醇酯微胶囊。申请号为“201510600673.5”、申请名称为“一种高分散性植物甾醇酯微胶囊及其制备方法与应用”公开了以乳糖和大豆分离蛋白分为壁材溶液,采用喷雾干燥法制得植物甾醇酯微胶囊。罗程印等人则研究了以植物甾醇酯和葛根素为芯材,***胶和β-环状糊精为壁材,采用喷雾干燥法制备植物甾醇酯葛根素复合微胶囊(罗程印,程远渡,易有金,等.植物甾醇酯和葛根素复合微胶囊的制备工艺优化[J].食品科学,2016,37(6):26-33.)。张秀秀等人公开了以***胶和麦芽糊精为混合壁材,通过喷雾干燥将植物甾醇酯微胶囊化,在牛乳杀菌前和凝块切割乳清排出后加入,研究其在夸克干酪中应用。喷雾干燥法干燥过程短,可以避免长时间受热而失去生物活性;分散性好、高纯度、高溶解性、低成本、便于运输贮存;工艺操作简便、利于生产的连续化,因而使用广泛,但是,缺点在于粒径不均一,部分出现凹陷破裂;吸附在表面的芯材易氧化变质。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的不足与缺点,本发明的首要目的在于提供一种植物甾醇酯微胶囊的制备方法。
本发明的另一目的在于提供上述制备方法制备得到的植物甾醇酯微胶囊。
本发明的再一目的在于提供上述植物甾醇酯微胶囊的应用。
本发明的目的通过下述技术方案实现:
一种植物甾醇酯微胶囊的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)以质量分数为0.5~5%的维生素C水溶液作为水相,植物甾醇酯作为油相,将水相加入到油相植物甾醇酯中,然后再加入乳化剂,高速分散,得到W/O乳液;
(2)将***胶和果胶按照质量比1:(3~5)混合,得到混合胶体;然后将混合胶体溶于水中,得到混合胶体溶液;
(3)搅拌条件下,将步骤(1)制得的W/O乳液缓慢加入到混合胶体溶液中,混合均匀,然后再加入质量分数为1~2%的壳聚糖乙酸溶液,混合均匀,得到混合体系;
(4)调节步骤(3)中反应体系pH至3.5~4.0,25~35℃搅拌反应5~12h,然后0~4℃静置2~4h,离心收集,得到植物甾醇酯微胶囊湿囊;
(5)将步骤(4)制得的植物甾醇酯微胶囊湿囊进一步干燥,得到植物甾醇酯微胶囊;
步骤(1)中所述的水相和油相的质量比优选为(4~6):6;
步骤(1)中所述的乳化剂优选为卵磷脂和植物甾醇的混合物;
所述的卵磷脂和植物甾醇的质量比优选为(2~4):3;
步骤(1)中所述的乳化剂的用量优选为水相和油相质量的0.5~3%;
步骤(1)中所述的高速分散的条件优选为10000~12000r/min分散4~10min;
步骤(2)中所述的混合胶体的质量分数为1~2%;
步骤(3)所述的壳聚糖乙酸溶液中壳聚糖的质量分数为1~2%;
步骤(3)所述的壳聚糖的分子量优选为5~15万;
步骤(3)所述的混合胶体和壳聚糖的质量比为:(3.2~3.8):1;
步骤(3)所述的壳聚糖和混合胶体(即壁材)与植物甾醇酯的质量比优选为2:1;
一种植物甾醇酯微胶囊,通过上述制备方法制备得到;
所述的植物甾醇酯微胶囊在药品、饲料和食品领域中的应用;
维生素C是一种重要的抗氧化剂,其性质非常不稳定,环境因素如温度、pH值、氧、金属离子、紫外线和X射线等都会影响维生素C的稳定性,因此,在颗粒饲料的加工、运输、出舱以及使用过程中,维生素C极易失去活性,植物甾醇酯属油脂性物质,较植物甾醇有更优的脂溶性,但仍难以与水溶性物质混溶,难以均匀地添加于食品、药品中,而且暴露于空气中,其过氧化值易于升高,出现氧化酸败。基于维生素C的水溶性、抗氧化性和其不稳定性以及甾醇酯的脂溶性和不稳定性,本发明先以其水溶液为水相,以植物甾醇酯作为油相,辅以乳化剂,制备得到稳定的W/O乳液,然后以该W/O乳液作为芯材,以负电荷聚合物***胶、果胶和正电荷聚合物壳聚糖作为壁材,进行复合凝聚反应,其中,壳聚糖溶于稀醋酸后分子链上产生大量带正电荷的伯氨基,果胶和***胶溶解于水后可形成大量带负电荷的羧基,壳聚糖溶液和果胶、***胶可以通过正、负电荷吸引形成聚电解质膜,此外,壳聚糖和果胶分子都是直链状结构,***胶分子呈分支状,在反应过程中进一步交联,得到稳定的植物甾醇酯微胶囊。
本发明相对于现有技术具有如下的优点及效果:
(1)本发明通过乳化、复合凝聚等方法,制得的植物甾醇酯微胶囊包含活性组分维生素C和植物甾醇酯,其中,维生素C通过复乳化-复凝聚,位于植物甾醇酯微胶囊内核部分,稳定性极高。
(2)本发明制得的植物甾醇酯微胶囊内核部分为维生素C,其抗氧化的特性可保护植物甾醇酯的氧化酸败。
(3)本发明制得的植物甾醇酯微胶囊中间层为植物甾醇酯,其具有脂溶性,可以维持内核维生素C的活性,即维生素C和植物甾醇酯互为保护剂。
(4)本发明制得的植物甾醇酯微胶囊最外层为壳聚糖-***胶以及壳聚糖和果胶形成的聚电解质复合物膜,进一步对内核维生素C以及中间层植物甾醇酯其保护作用,同时极大改善了植物甾醇酯的水溶性。
(5)在W/O乳液乳化过程中,本发明以植物甾醇等为乳化剂,乳化效果好,且不引入其他过多的乳化剂。在二次乳化过程中,不添加额外乳化剂,壁材添加物果胶和***胶既可以充当壁材,同时可以作为乳化剂,乳化效果良好。
(6)本发明以果胶替代部分替代成本较高的***胶,在不影响复凝聚效果的同时,降低成本。
(7)本发明制得的植物甾醇酯微胶囊用于饲料添加,具有促进动物的生长发育、抗机体内生物氧化和改善肉品品质等特点,稳定性好,包埋率高,耐高温、高湿特性并具有缓释效果,制备工艺温和、高产、高效。
附图说明
图1是实施例1制得的植物甾醇酯微胶囊在室温25℃时的缓释结果分析图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例及附图对本发明作进一步详细的描述,但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
实施例1
(1)以质量分数为2%的维生素C水溶液作为水相,植物甾醇酯作为油相,将50g水相加入到60g油相植物甾醇酯中,然后再加入2g乳化剂卵磷脂和植物甾醇(卵磷脂和植物甾醇的质量比为1:1),12000r/min分散5min,得到W/O乳液;
(2)将***胶和果胶按照质量比1:4混合,得到混合胶体;然后将混合胶体溶于水中,得到混合胶体溶液,其中,混合胶体的质量分数为1.5%;
(3)搅拌条件下,将44g步骤(1)制得的W/O乳液缓慢加入到38g混合胶体溶液中,混合均匀,然后再加入10g质量分数为1.5%的壳聚糖乙酸溶液(壳聚糖分子量为15万),混合均匀,得到混合体系;
(4)调节步骤(3)中反应体系pH至3.5,30℃搅拌反应8h,然后4℃静置3h,离心收集,得到植物甾醇酯微胶囊湿囊;
(5)将步骤(4)制得的植物甾醇酯微胶囊湿囊进一步冷冻干燥,得到植物甾醇酯微胶囊,该微胶囊呈球形,平均粒径为80~110微米。
实施例2
(1)以质量分数为0.5%的维生素C水溶液作为水相,植物甾醇酯作为油相,将60g水相加入到60g油相植物甾醇酯中,然后再加入3g乳化剂卵磷脂和植物甾醇(卵磷脂和植物甾醇的质量比为2:3),10000r/min分散10min,得到W/O乳液;
(2)将***胶和果胶按照质量比1:3混合,得到混合胶体;然后将混合胶体溶于水中,得到混合胶体溶液,其中,混合胶体的质量分数为1%;
(3)搅拌条件下,将45g步骤(1)制得的W/O乳液缓慢加入到35g混合胶体溶液中,混合均匀,然后再加入10g质量分数为1%的壳聚糖乙酸溶液(壳聚糖分子量为15万),混合均匀,得到混合体系;
(4)调节步骤(3)中反应体系pH至4.0,25℃搅拌反应12h,然后0℃静置2h,离心收集,得到植物甾醇酯微胶囊湿囊;
(5)将步骤(4)制得的植物甾醇酯微胶囊湿囊进一步冷冻干燥,得到植物甾醇酯微胶囊,该微胶囊呈球形,平均粒径为70~120微米。
实施例3
(1)以质量分数为5%的维生素C水溶液作为水相,植物甾醇酯作为油相,将40g水相加入到60g油相植物甾醇酯中,然后再加入0.5g乳化剂卵磷脂和植物甾醇(卵磷脂和植物甾醇的质量比为4:3),11000r/min分散4min,得到W/O乳液;
(2)将***胶和果胶按照质量比1:5混合,得到混合胶体;然后将混合胶体溶于水中,得到混合胶体溶液,其中,混合胶体的质量分数为2%;
(3)搅拌条件下,将52.5g步骤(1)制得的W/O乳液缓慢加入到32g混合胶体溶液中,混合均匀,然后再加入10g质量分数为2%的壳聚糖乙酸溶液(壳聚糖分子量为15万),混合均匀,得到混合体系;
(4)调节步骤(3)中反应体系pH至3.8,35℃搅拌反应5h,然后4℃静置34h,离心收集,得到植物甾醇酯微胶囊湿囊;
(5)将步骤(4)制得的植物甾醇酯微胶囊湿囊进一步冷冻干燥,得到植物甾醇酯微胶囊,该微胶囊呈球形,平均粒径为80~100微米。
效果实施例
(1)包埋率
按如下公式分别计算维生素C和植物甾醇酯的包埋率:
包埋率(%)=微胶囊包埋芯材含量/微胶囊制备中加入芯材总量×100%;
(2)产率
根据如下公式计算微胶囊的产率:
产率(%)=冷冻干燥后固体微胶囊的质量/(壁材和芯材的总量)×100%。
结果见表1,实施例1~3制得的植物甾醇酯微胶囊无论是维生素C还是植物甾醇酯均具有较高的包埋率。
表1实施例1~3制得的植物甾醇酯微胶囊的包埋率和产率
实施例 | 维生素C包埋率 | 植物甾醇酯包埋率 | 产率 |
实施例1 | 98.75% | 90.48% | 91.45% |
实施例2 | 92.33% | 86.12% | 88.77% |
实施例3 | 95.78% | 88.15% | 90.64% |
(3)将实施例1~3制得的植物甾醇酯微胶囊和水混合,然后分别置于25℃条件下,以450rpm的速度不断进行磁力搅拌,每隔一段时间取出进行过滤,并用一定量的蒸馏水和丙酮反复洗涤,测其维生素C的含量和植物甾醇酯的含量,最终绘制微胶囊包埋率随时间变化曲线以此表征其缓释性能。
结果见图1,从图1可以看出,本发明制得的植物甾醇酯微胶囊具有一定的缓释效果。
此外,本发明制得的植物甾醇酯微胶囊具有很好的耐高温、高湿特性。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制,其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (4)
1.一种植物甾醇酯微胶囊的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
(1)以质量分数为0.5~5%的维生素C水溶液作为水相,植物甾醇酯作为油相,将水相加入到油相植物甾醇酯中,然后再加入乳化剂,高速分散,得到W/O乳液;
(2)将***胶和果胶按照质量比1:(3~5)混合,得到混合胶体;然后将混合胶体溶于水中,得到混合胶体溶液;
(3)搅拌条件下,将步骤(1)制得的W/O乳液缓慢加入到混合胶体溶液中,混合均匀,然后再加入质量分数为1~2%的壳聚糖乙酸溶液,混合均匀,得到混合体系;
(4)调节步骤(3)中反应体系pH至3.5~4.0,25~35℃搅拌反应5~12h,然后0~4℃静置2~4h,离心收集,得到植物甾醇酯微胶囊湿囊;
(5)将步骤(4)制得的植物甾醇酯微胶囊湿囊进一步干燥,得到植物甾醇酯微胶囊;
步骤(1)中所述的水相和油相的质量比为(4~6):6;
步骤(1)中所述的乳化剂为卵磷脂和植物甾醇的混合物;
所述的卵磷脂和植物甾醇的质量比为(2~4):3;
步骤(1)中所述的乳化剂的用量为水相和油相质量的0.5~3%;
步骤(2)中所述的混合胶体的质量分数为1~2%;
步骤(3)所述的壳聚糖乙酸溶液中壳聚糖的质量分数为1~2%;
步骤(3)所述的混合胶体和壳聚糖的质量比为:(3.2~3.8):1。
2.根据权利要求1所述的植物甾醇酯微胶囊的制备方法,其特征在于:
步骤(3)所述的壳聚糖的分子量为5~15万。
3.一种植物甾醇酯微胶囊,其特征在于通过权利要求1或2所述的制备方法制备得到。
4.权利要求3所述的植物甾醇酯微胶囊在药品、饲料和食品领域中的应用。
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CN113389055A (zh) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-09-14 | 上海护理佳实业有限公司 | 凉感或热感微胶囊、无纺布及吸收制品 |
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