CN110719296A - Method for automatically analyzing message data in terminal communication protocol - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method capable of automatically analyzing message data in a terminal communication protocol of an electrical information acquisition system; for the national grid company enterprise standard Q/GDW376.1 communication protocol, under the condition of not changing the current transmission protocol, the method can adapt to the requirements of complex and changeable application functions and requirement expansion by modifying parameters and in an extensible mode; the method comprises the following steps: using a Diameter protocol structure to pre-write an XML dictionary file analyzed by the communication protocol; when the main server transmits the communication resolution protocol to the concentrator, a communication protocol resolution module in the concentrator starts to resolve the communication protocol parameters by inquiring the XML dictionary file form; when the communication protocol needs to newly add or change codes, only parameters in the XML dictionary file need to be modified, and codes do not need to be recompiled.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for automatically analyzing message data in a terminal communication protocol of an electricity utilization acquisition system, belonging to the technical field of network communication.
Background
According to the overall requirements of strong intelligent power grid construction, in order to achieve the aim of 'full coverage, full collection and full prepayment' of the power consumer power consumption information acquisition system, the national power grid company standardizes and unifies standard documents of the power consumption information acquisition system, and formulates and releases 'power consumer power consumption information acquisition system' series standards. The Q/GDW 376.1-2009 protocol is a communication protocol to be followed by communication between the power consumer electricity consumption information acquisition system and the main station, and specifies a frame format, a data coding and transmission rule for data transmission between the main station and the acquisition terminal of the power consumer electricity consumption information acquisition system, communication of a master-slave question-answer mode and a terminal active uploading mode of the main station to the terminal, and the like. Although the Q/GDW376.1 communication protocol is developed, the Q/GDW376.1 communication protocol analysis of each large manufacturer belongs to the closed and unopened status quo. And most adopt traditional analytic mode: that is, according to each instruction, the analysis is fixed one by one, which results in huge, complex, redundant and flexible analysis codes, and if the analysis is wrong or a new protocol needs to be added and changed, the codes need to be recompiled, and the method cannot adapt to complex and variable application functions and requirement expansion.
Technical scheme
In order to improve the defects that the existing analysis technical scheme of the existing Q/GDW376.1 communication protocol needs to rewrite analysis codes and compile software versions when new functions are required and lacks expansibility, the invention provides a method which can use the Q/GDW376.1 master station communication protocol to analyze the master station communication protocol based on a Diameter protocol structure to realize a quick, flexible and efficient analysis mode, can greatly reduce the analysis code amount, realizes the utilization of an extensible mode, and is suitable for meeting complicated and changeable application functions and requirement expansion.
A method for automatically analyzing message data in a terminal communication protocol; the automatic analysis method is used for a power utilization information acquisition system, the power utilization information acquisition system comprises a master station server and a concentrator, and the method comprises the following steps:
s1, pre-editing and writing the XML dictionary file and the communication protocol analysis module into a concentrator based on the pre-edited XML dictionary file of the Diameter protocol structure;
s2, when a communication protocol analysis module in the concentrator is started, starting to load the XML dictionary file; when the loading of the XML dictionary file fails, the XML dictionary file quits starting;
s3, when the XML dictionary file is loaded successfully, the concentrator starts to acquire message data of a Q/GDW376.1 communication protocol from a master station server, and waits for the message data of the communication protocol to be transmitted into the XML dictionary file; when the message data of the communication protocol is sent from the master station to the concentrator, the XML dictionary file in the communication protocol module judges whether the check bit of the received message data is a normal field; when the check bit is wrong, the check message is abandoned; and under the condition that the check bit of the message data is correct, the XML dictionary file in the communication protocol analysis module searches the message data in the communication protocol and generates corresponding analysis data content, so that the message data in the communication protocol is analyzed.
Further, in the method for automatically parsing message data in a terminal communication protocol, the XML dictionary file contains the following parameters, and the fields in the message data are defined by the parameters:
typedefn for defining a field of a type name and a character length of the type name;
up, which is used for defining the data content in the data structure in the ascending message data, and comprises Da, Dt and pw codes; the data content in the uplink data structure area is the data content sent to the master station through the concentrator; da is an information point and is a measuring point number which is obtained from message analysis and used for determining the transmission of the communication protocol data to the specified equipment; dt is an information class, and is a specific information class identifier which is obtained from message analysis and used for determining message data transmission; pw is a parameter code defining whether to check the password when analyzing the data message;
down, which is used for defining the data content in the downlink data structure area; the data content in the downlink data structure area is the data content sent from the master station to the concentrator;
the Datarule is a defined name Datarule name used for defining fields in message data transmitted by the current communication protocol in the XML dictionary, and defines a name type Datarule type and field description Datarule details of the fields in the current message;
the group is a defined field type used for judging field data in the message data transmitted by the current communication protocol.
Further, in the method for automatically parsing message data in a terminal communication protocol, the step S3 specifically includes:
s23, after the concentrator receives the message data of the communication protocol, the XML dictionary file in the communication protocol analysis module compares the value of arithmetic sum of the octets in the user data area with the CS check bit value of the second last byte of the message data of the communication protocol; when the arithmetic sum value is inconsistent with the CS check bit value, the message data of the communication protocol is abnormal and frame loss occurs, and the check message is abandoned;
s24, when the arithmetic sum value is consistent with the CS check digit value, the communication protocol analysis module reads the data frame header from the message header of the message data, analyzes the data frame header to obtain the corresponding field value of each field in the data frame header, the XML dictionary file finds the corresponding parameter according to the field, and the parameter is used to define the field value;
s25, reading and determining the 16-bit system message data in the communication protocol through the data type and data length of the data definition parameter by the XML dictionary file in the communication protocol analysis module, and finally obtaining the message data analysis of the communication protocol;
further, in the method for automatically analyzing the message data in the terminal communication protocol, in the XML dictionary file, when the parameters need to be extended, the parameters in the XML dictionary file can be written by a configuration operator; when the set parameter and the original parameter generate data value or conflict on data definition, the communication protocol analysis module is restarted, and the configuration of the XML dictionary file and the parameter can take effect immediately.
Advantageous effects
1. Reducing the total amount of repeatedly analyzed codes;
2. when the communication protocol needs to be newly added with an expansion function on the original basis, the frame data does not need to be analyzed one by one, codes do not need to be rewritten and compiled again, and the whole communication protocol does not need to be reconstructed;
3. the XML dictionary file can be used for analyzing the communication protocol simply, flexibly, quickly and efficiently;
4. the XML dictionary file is used for analyzing the communication protocol, so that the requirements of complex and variable scene application conditions and function expansion of the communication protocol can be met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a general flow diagram of the present invention;
figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an XML dictionary file based on a Diameter protocol structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of automatic parsing of message data within the Q/GDW376.1 communication protocol;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a message data frame format within the Q/GDW376.1 communication protocol.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and specific examples:
example 1
Referring specifically to the flow charts and the structure diagrams of fig. 1 to 3, a method for automatically analyzing message data in a terminal communication protocol is applied to an electric energy transmission system, and the electric energy system comprises a master station server and a concentrator; the method comprises the following specific steps:
s1, when the Q/GDW376.1 communication protocol is sent from the master station to the concentrator, the communication protocol analysis module in the concentrator is started;
s2, obtaining the message data in the communication protocol from the master station server, and transmitting the message data in the communication protocol into the XML dictionary file;
further, the XML dictionary file includes the following structure:
up, which is used for defining the data content in the data structure in the ascending message data, including Da, Dt and pw; the data content in the uplink data structure area is the data content sent to the master station through the concentrator; down is used for defining the data content in the downlink data structure area; the data content in the downlink data structure area is the data content of data sent from the master station to the concentrator; da is a measuring point number which is obtained from message analysis and used for determining the transmission of the communication protocol data to a specified device; dt is a specific information class identifier which is obtained from message analysis and used for determining message data transmission; pw is a parameter code defining whether to check the password when analyzing the data message; the Datarule is a definition name used for defining fields in message data transmitted by the current communication protocol in the XML dictionary, and defines the name type and the field description of the fields in the current message; the structure of the system comprises a datarule name, a type and comments; the group is a defined field type used for judging field data in the message data transmitted by the current communication protocol.
Further, the specific process steps of protocol analysis of the communication protocol are as follows:
s21, when the communication protocol analysis method starts to operate, the communication protocol analysis module in the concentrator loads an XML dictionary file based on a Diameter structure;
s22, after the communication protocol is transmitted from the main server to the concentrator, the XML dictionary file in the communication protocol analysis module analyzes and judges the message data in the Q/GDW376.1 communication protocol; performing CS check on the last-but-one byte of the received message data; the XML dictionary file judges whether the CS check bit is normal or not through the arithmetic addition sum of the XML dictionary file and the octet of the user data area and the penultimate byte of the received message data; when the CS is checked to be wrong, the XML dictionary file discards the message data of the communication protocol received this time; when the comparison between the value of the arithmetic sum and the value of the CS check bit is consistent and the check is successful, the data received by the XML dictionary file is normal without frame loss;
s23, the communication protocol analysis module initializes and loads XML dictionary file based on Diameter protocol structure; if the XML dictionary file loading fails, the communication protocol analysis module can quit the analysis; when the XML dictionary file is loaded successfully, the XML dictionary file starts to wait for receiving the message data of the communication protocol;
s24, each field of the corresponding message data can be searched in the XML dictionary; the XML dictionary file reads a data frame header according to the fixed length in the communication protocol message header so as to obtain the data of AFN, DA, DT and pw, and further the XML dictionary file finds corresponding Datarule definition parameter data from the XML dictionary file according to the data of AFN, DA, DT and pw; then judging the structure type of the Datarule data; if the data structure type of the Datarule belongs to the GROUP type, the XML dictionary file searches for the Datarule data of the message data of the protocol under the corresponding GROUP structure according to the name under the GROUP type; if the message data is a non-GROUP type Datarule data structure, the XML dictionary file directly reads the data content in Datarule of the corresponding message data;
s25, reading the message data in the corresponding communication protocol through the data type and the data length determined in advance in the Datarule by the XML dictionary file in the communication protocol analysis module, converting the parameter value of the 16-bit system message data in the communication protocol, and then carrying out analysis assignment on the protocol message so as to analyze and obtain the final message data of the communication protocol transmitted from the master station server to the concentrator; for example: referring to Q/GDW 376.1-2009 communication protocol of electricity consumption information acquisition system of power consumer: the master station and the acquisition terminal communication protocol and the compiling description are combined with the figure 4 in the attached drawing of the specification to carry out the embodiment of analyzing the specific message, the master station issues the set temperature and humidity alarm value, and the message is as follows:
68 92 00 92 00 68 4A 01 35 01 00 66 04 72 00 00
10 0B 50 00 10 00 40 00 10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 A4 16;
the first bit and the sixth bit of the message are initial characters; the second to fifth bits are length L, and characters in the length L represent specification identification and user data length; the seventh bit is a control field byte; five bytes after the seventh bit are address fields; the thirteenth bit is an application layer AFN code; the fourteenth bit is the SEQ frame sequence domain within the application layer; the next two bytes represent DA1 and DA2, respectively; the seventeenth and eighteenth positions are DT1 and DT 2; the byte length of the data unit in the future depends on the operation condition required by specific time, including the operation parameter data required by setting specific events; the eight bits after DT1 and DT2 in this example are data element bytes; starting from the twenty-seventh bit, the additional information field of the message is started; 16 bytes from the twenty-seventh bit are a message authentication code field pw; the second last bit is a frame check bit; the last bit is the end of the frame;
the above message data is analyzed through the XML dictionary file, and the following message data structure information can be obtained:
sequentially analyzing message data digits; "68" refers to the two frame start characters in the fixed length header; "92009200" is converted into 2 system from 16 system, then the last two bits are removed, and then converted into 10 system to become the required frame length, and the required frame length is 36 in this embodiment; the '4A' is converted from the 16 system to the 2 system and is 01001010, the '4A' belongs to the control domain range, and when the first bit is 0, the frame message is a downlink message sent by the master station; "0135010066" is address field message data, wherein "3501" is administrative area code, the terminal address bit is "0100", and "66" is master station address information data; "04" is the AFN code in the application layer function code, and "04" is the function instruction for setting parameters; "72" is a frame sequence field SEQ within the application layer describing the variation rules of the transmission sequence between frames; "0000" represents DA1 = 00, DA2 = 00; "100B" gives DT1 = 16, DT2 = 11; 5000100040001000, setting temperature and humidity alarm number, converting 50 into 10 system equal to 80, and setting the upper limit of temperature alarm as 80 degrees; converting 10 into 10 system equal to 16, and setting the lower limit of temperature alarm to 16 degrees; if 40 is converted to 10 system equal to 64, the upper limit of humidity alarm is set to 64; when 10 is converted into 10 system and is equal to 16, setting the lower limit of the humidity alarm to be 16; "00000000000000000000000000000000" is 16 bytes pw; a4 refers to a frame check bit; the last 16 refers to the end of frame; the above-described binary translation enables fast translation computations using programmer modes in the calculator of the Windows computer itself.
Example 2
The difference between this embodiment and the above embodiment 1 is that when the communication protocol needs to be modified or newly added, only the configuration file parameters of the XML dictionary file need to be modified. Referring to the XML dictionary file diagram of FIG. 2: modifying the communication protocol (refer to the protocol specific data structure diagram of fig. 4), only finding the protocol position to be modified in the configuration file of the XML dictionary file, and directly modifying the protocol position, wherein the protocol position can take effect in time without restarting a communication protocol analysis module; when the parameters in the communication protocol need to be newly added and customized, the paragraph of the AFN code needs to be newly added on the basis of the original XML dictionary file; firstly, defining AFN code parameters, and configuring the AFN according to self-defined protocol contents: for example, if the parameter setting command AFN is 0x04H, the request control command AFN is 0x05H, and the query parameter AFN is 0x0AH (XXX), which conforms to the standard definition of the Q/GDW376.1 communication protocol; then the definition parameters of Da and Dt can be written by self and do not conflict with the original definition parameters of Da and Dt; writing a data definition area according to a custom protocol; finally, restarting the application, and enabling the configuration file to take effect immediately; the newly added and modified functions of the Q/GDW376.1 communication protocol can be simply, efficiently and flexibly completed.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes performed by the present specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for automatically analyzing message data in a terminal communication protocol; the automatic analysis method is used for a power utilization information acquisition system, the power utilization information acquisition system comprises a master station server and a concentrator, and the method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, pre-editing and writing the XML dictionary file and the communication protocol analysis module into a concentrator based on the pre-edited XML dictionary file of the Diameter protocol structure;
s2, when a communication protocol analysis module in the concentrator is started, starting to load the XML dictionary file; when the loading of the XML dictionary file fails, the XML dictionary file quits starting;
s3, when the XML dictionary file is loaded successfully, the concentrator starts to acquire message data of a Q/GDW376.1 communication protocol from a master station server, and waits for the message data of the communication protocol to be transmitted into the XML dictionary file; when the message data of the communication protocol is sent from the master station to the concentrator, the XML dictionary file in the communication protocol module judges whether the check bit of the received message data is a normal field; when the check bit is wrong, the check message is abandoned; and under the condition that the check bit of the message data is correct, the XML dictionary file in the communication protocol analysis module searches the message data in the communication protocol and generates corresponding analysis data content, so that the message data in the communication protocol is analyzed.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the XML dictionary file contains the following parameters, and the fields in the message data are defined by the parameters:
typedefn for defining a field of a type name and a character length of the type name;
up, which is used for defining the data content in the data structure in the ascending message data, and comprises Da, Dt and pw codes; the data content in the uplink data structure area is the data content sent to the master station through the concentrator; da is an information point and is a measuring point number which is obtained from message analysis and used for determining the transmission of the communication protocol data to the specified equipment; dt is an information class, and is a specific information class identifier which is obtained from message analysis and used for determining message data transmission; pw is a parameter code defining whether to check the password when analyzing the data message;
down, which is used for defining the data content in the downlink data structure area; the data content in the downlink data structure area is the data content sent from the master station to the concentrator;
the Datarule is a defined name Datarule name used for defining fields in message data transmitted by the current communication protocol in the XML dictionary, and defines a name type Datarule type and field description Datarule details of the fields in the current message;
the group is a defined field type used for judging field data in the message data transmitted by the current communication protocol.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step S3 specifically comprises:
s23, after the concentrator receives the message data of the communication protocol, the XML dictionary file in the communication protocol analysis module compares the value of arithmetic sum of the octets in the user data area with the CS check bit value of the second last byte of the message data of the communication protocol; when the arithmetic sum value is inconsistent with the CS check bit value, the message data of the communication protocol is abnormal and frame loss occurs, and the check message is abandoned;
s24, when the arithmetic sum value is consistent with the CS check digit value, the communication protocol analysis module reads the data frame header from the message header of the message data, analyzes the data frame header to obtain the corresponding field value of each field in the data frame header, the XML dictionary file finds the corresponding parameter according to the field, and the parameter is used to define the field value;
s25, the XML dictionary file in the communication protocol analysis module reads and determines the 16-bit system message data in the communication protocol through the data type and data length of the data definition parameter, and finally obtains the message data analysis of the communication protocol.
4. The method according to claim 2, wherein in the XML dictionary file, when the parameters need to be extended, the parameters in the XML dictionary file can be written by a configuration operator; when the set parameter and the original parameter generate data value or conflict on data definition, the communication protocol analysis module is restarted, and the configuration of the XML dictionary file and the parameter can take effect immediately.
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