CN110715568A - One-way cold guide pipe utilizing phase change conduction - Google Patents
One-way cold guide pipe utilizing phase change conduction Download PDFInfo
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- CN110715568A CN110715568A CN201910918341.XA CN201910918341A CN110715568A CN 110715568 A CN110715568 A CN 110715568A CN 201910918341 A CN201910918341 A CN 201910918341A CN 110715568 A CN110715568 A CN 110715568A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
- F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
- F28D15/0266—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with separate evaporating and condensing chambers connected by at least one conduit; Loop-type heat pipes; with multiple or common evaporating or condensing chambers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
- F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
- F28F21/081—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys
- F28F21/082—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from steel or ferrous alloys
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a unidirectional cold conduction pipe utilizing phase change conduction, which comprises: the phase-change heat exchanger comprises heat conduction pipes and a through pipe, wherein the heat conduction pipes are used for extending into different temperature levels, the through pipe is terminated between the heat conduction pipes, and phase-change materials are arranged in the through pipe so that the through pipe has different heat conduction performances. When the external temperature is high, the temperature in the through pipe is higher than the phase change temperature of the phase change material, the phase change material is in a liquid state, an air layer is formed at the top end of the liquid level, the heat insulation effect is achieved, the heat conductivity coefficient of the liquid phase change material is lower than that of the liquid phase change material in a solid state, and the heat conduction of the one-way cold guide pipe is slow. When the external temperature is low, the temperature of penetrating pipe is less than phase-change material phase-change temperature, and phase-change material becomes solid-state, and liquid becomes solid volume expansion and fills penetrating pipe completely, and the intraductal air-free layer that penetrates is thermal-insulated, and solid heat conduction is faster than liquid, therefore single cold pipe cold conduction is faster than heat transfer, realizes one-way cold effect of leading. The invention has the advantages of unlimited external arrangement, simple process, low cost and easy popularization, and can effectively keep the stratum or other media in a low-temperature state.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of infrastructure facilities, in particular to a one-way cold guide pipe utilizing phase change conduction.
Background
Under the global temperature changing condition, the temperature of permafrost strata is increased year by year, and foundation engineering in permafrost regions is facing to a plurality of melting and sinking problems, thereby bringing great challenges to the operation of infrastructure in the permafrost regions. Keeping the permafrost formation in a frozen state is the key to ensure the safe operation of infrastructure above the frozen soil.
The existing permafrost formation cooling technology comprises the following steps: broken stone layer, hot rod, ventilation pipe and the like. Wherein, the broken stone layer technique means: in the crushed rock layer, cold air sinks in cold seasons, hot air rises, heat of the stratum at the bottom of the crushed rock layer can be consumed, reverse convection in hot seasons cannot be completed, and the effect of reducing the temperature of permafrost at the bottom of the crushed rock layer is achieved. In the hot stick technique, the general one end of hot stick is inserted in many years frozen soil layer, and the other end exposes in the air, is less than the other end temperature when outside air end temperature, and the inside liquid evaporation of hot stick, steam rise to the outside air end, and the steam drop falls back to bottom liquid pool after the condensation, reaches sustainable cooling's effect. Similar to the broken stone, when the external temperature is higher than the internal temperature, the convection stops, and the purpose of unidirectional cold conduction is achieved. In the ventilation pipe technology, the ventilation pipe increases the heat dissipation of the stratum in a ventilation mode, and the effect of reducing the temperature of the stratum is achieved. The broken stone layer, the heat rod and the ventilation pipe are mainly used for conducting cold in a convection mode, the heat capacity of gas is small, and the overall heat conduction is slow.
Because the speed of convection unidirectional heat transfer is low, if a technology for realizing unidirectional cold conduction through heat conduction can be developed, the formation temperature can be effectively reduced, and the method has great significance for maintaining the long-term stability of foundation engineering in permafrost regions.
Disclosure of Invention
It is an object of the present invention to address at least the above-mentioned deficiencies and to provide at least the advantages which will be described hereinafter.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a unidirectional cold conduction pipe using phase change conduction, which is capable of fast cold conduction and slow heat conduction.
To achieve these objects and other advantages and in accordance with the purpose of the invention, the present invention provides a unidirectional cold conduction tube using phase change conduction, comprising: the heat exchanger comprises heat pipes for extending into different temperature levels and a through pipe which is terminated between the heat pipes, wherein the through pipe is internally provided with a phase change material so that the through pipe has different heat conducting properties.
The characteristics of high cold transfer speed and low heat transfer speed of the unidirectional cold guide pipe are given by different phase states of the phase-change material, unidirectional transfer among different temperature levels is realized, and the problem of low overall heat transfer in the traditional frozen soil stratum convection cooling technology is solved.
Preferably, in the unidirectional cold conducting pipe utilizing phase change conduction, the heat conductivity coefficient of the phase change material is increased at least in the first phase state, and is decreased in the second phase state. If the external temperature is low, the phase-change material in the through pipe is solid, and the one-way cold conduction pipe has high cold conduction speed. When the external temperature is high, the phase-change material in the through pipe is in a liquid state, and the heat transfer speed of the one-way cold conduction pipe is low.
Preferably, in the unidirectional cold conducting tube using phase change conduction, the phase change material is capable of filling the through-tube at least in a first phase state, and is incapable of filling the through-tube in a second phase state so that an air layer is formed in the through-tube.
Preferably, in the one-way cold conduction pipe utilizing phase change conduction, the phase change material is clear water or saline water. The concentration of the brine, which affects the temperature of the phase change material, such as the temperature of ice formation, may be selected as desired.
Preferably, in the one-way cold conducting pipe utilizing phase change conduction, the penetrating pipe is hermetically connected with the heat conducting pipes at two ends to prevent the phase change material from leaking.
Preferably, in the one-way cold conducting pipe utilizing phase change conduction, the heat conducting pipe above the through pipe is provided with holes to relieve air pressure change generated in the volume change process of the phase change material.
Preferably, in the one-way cold conduction pipe utilizing phase change conduction, the length of the heat conduction pipe above the transparent pipe is 0-1 m, the length of the heat conduction pipe below the transparent pipe is unlimited, and the heat conduction pipe is made of a high heat conduction material.
Preferably, in the one-way cooling pipe using phase change conduction, the heat transfer pipe is a steel pipe.
Preferably, in the one-way cold pipe that utilizes phase transition conduction, the heat insulating sleeve has been wrapped up in to the middle part that utilizes the one-way cold pipe that utilizes phase transition conduction to reduce the heat current and lose at the interlude, heat insulating sleeve length is less than the length of passing through pipe below heat pipe in order to avoid the heat insulating sleeve to wrap up below heat pipe completely, makes below heat pipe have sufficient area or section and contacts with frozen soil layer like this, accomplishes the cold of leading.
Preferably, in the one-way cooling pipe using phase change conduction, the heat transfer pipe and the penetration pipe are circular pipes, square pipes, or corrugated pipes.
The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:
the one-way cold guide pipe utilizing phase change conduction is beneficial to automatically storing cold energy in the peripheral medium at the bottom of the pipe bottom, manual intervention is not needed, and the cost is saved.
The one-way cold guide pipe utilizing phase change conduction can protect frozen soil for many years, prevent the frozen soil from melting, and has the advantages of small occupied area, simple process, low cost and easy popularization.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a unidirectional cold conduction pipe using phase change conduction according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view illustrating a structure of forming an air layer using a unidirectional cold-guiding pipe of phase-change conduction according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the one-way cold conducting pipe utilizing phase change conduction of the present invention with a heat insulating sleeve;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the warm season heat transfer of the unidirectional cold conduction pipe utilizing phase change conduction according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of cold season conduction of a unidirectional cold conduction pipe using phase change conduction according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples so that those skilled in the art can practice the invention with reference to the description.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, a unidirectional cold conducting pipe using phase change conduction includes: heat pipes (2, 3) for extending into different temperature levels and through pipes (1) terminating between the heat pipes, wherein the through pipes (1) are provided with a phase change material (4) inside so that the through pipes (1) have different heat conducting properties.
Further, the phase change material 4 has a thermal conductivity that increases at least in the first phase and decreases in the second phase. If the external temperature is low, the phase-change material in the through pipe is solid, and the one-way cold conduction pipe has high cold conduction speed. When the external temperature is high, the phase-change material in the through pipe is in a liquid state, and the heat transfer speed of the one-way cold conduction pipe is low.
Further, as shown in fig. 2, the phase change material 4 is capable of filling the through-tube at least in the first phase, and is incapable of filling the through-tube 1 in the second phase to form an air layer 6 in the through-tube.
Further, the phase change material 4 is clear water or saline water. The concentration of the brine may be set as desired.
Further, the penetrating pipe 1 is hermetically connected with the heat conduction pipes (2, 3) at two ends to avoid leakage of the phase change material.
Further, the heat conduction pipe 2 above the through pipe 1 is provided with holes to relieve the air pressure change generated in the volume change process of the phase change material.
Further, the length of the heat conduction pipe 2 above the penetrating pipe 1 is 0-1 meter, the length of the heat conduction pipe 3 below the penetrating pipe is unlimited, and the heat conduction pipes (2 and 3) are made of high heat conduction materials.
Further, the heat transfer pipes (2, 3) are steel pipes.
Further, as shown in fig. 3, the middle part of the unidirectional cold conduction pipe utilizing phase change conduction is wrapped with a heat insulating sleeve 4 to reduce the loss of heat flow in the middle section, and the length of the heat insulating sleeve 4 is smaller than that of the heat conduction pipe below the ventilation pipe.
Further, the heat conduction pipes (2, 3) and the penetration pipe 1 are round pipes, square pipes or corrugated pipes.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
the one-way cold guide tube utilizing phase change conduction has the characteristics of quick cold guide and slow heat conduction.
When the external temperature is low, the phase-change material in the through pipe is solid, and the one-way cold conduction pipe has high cold conduction speed. When the external temperature is high, the phase-change material in the through pipe is in a liquid state, and the heat transfer speed of the one-way cold conduction pipe is low. If the duration of the low temperature is the same as that of the high temperature, the unidirectional cold conduction pipe stores cold energy in the peripheral medium at the bottom of the pipe.
The characteristics of the single-direction cold guide pipe, i.e., fast and slow cold conduction, are described below with clear water as a phase change material.
The method comprises the following steps that a unidirectional cold guide pipe is vertically embedded in a soil layer, and the top of the unidirectional cold guide pipe is 1-10 cm away from the ground surface; assuming seasonal sinusoidal temperature fluctuation of the ground temperature, the average temperature is 0 ℃; assuming that 92% of the volume inside the through-tube is filled with clear water.
At normal temperature, the heat transfer downwards is to overcome 8% of air layer resistance and 92% of clear water layer resistance, the coefficient of heat conductivity of water is 0.45W/(m.K), the resistance of heat transfer downwards is large, and the heat transfer speed is slow. At negative temperature, water in the through pipe is frozen, the water is frozen into ice, the volume is increased by 9 percent, the through pipe is just filled with the water (0.92 x 1.09 x 1.0), the whole through pipe is just changed into solid, an air layer is not arranged, cold energy is downwards transmitted from the upper part, the speed is increased, simultaneously the water is changed into ice, the heat conductivity coefficient of the ice is 2.2W/(m.K), the heat conductivity coefficient of the through pipe is increased, and the downward cold guiding speed is further increased. Therefore, when the single-direction cold guide pipe generates wave change near the phase change point of the phase change material, the functions of quick cold guide and slow heat conduction can be realized.
The heat insulation sleeve is assumed to be wrapped around the whole single-direction cooling pipe in the circumferential direction, namely the single-direction cooling pipe is in a one-dimensional heat transfer state. Assuming that the length of the through pipe is L, the length of the heat conduction pipe at the upper part of the one-way cold conduction pipe is uXL (u>0) Coefficient of thermal conductivity kuThe length of the lower heat conduction pipe is b multiplied by L (b)>0) Coefficient of thermal conductivity kbWhen the temperature is positive, 92% of the volume in the through pipe is clear water, and when the temperature is negative, the through pipe is throughThe interior of the tube is just filled with solid ice. So that at a normal temperature, the thermal resistance of the whole single-direction cold guide pipe is
kaIs the air heat conductivity coefficient, ka＝0.026W/(m·K)；kwIs the thermal conductivity of water, kw＝0.45W/(m·K)。
At negative temperature, the thermal resistance of the whole single-direction cold guide pipe is
Wherein k isiIs the thermal conductivity, k, of icei2.2W/(m · K). Will ki,ka,kwSubstituting the formula (1) to (2), and obtaining the heat resistance ratio in the positive and negative temperature processes
Formula (3) shows that the cold transfer thermal resistance and heat transfer thermal resistance ratio gamma of the single-direction cold conducting pipe is increased along with the increase of the lengths uL and bL of the upper and lower heat conducting pipes, is reduced along with the increase of the heat conductivity coefficient, and is favorable for cold energy storage if the heat conductivity coefficient is increased, so that the cold transfer thermal resistance and the heat transfer thermal resistance ratio gamma are reduced. Under the limiting condition (k)u→∞，kb→ infinity) cold heat transfer resistance to heat transfer resistance ratio γ 0.45/5.12 0.088.
Here, water is taken as an example of the phase change material in the through pipe, other phase change materials are taken as solid-liquid phase change materials of the one-way cold conducting pipe, when the phase change materials are changed from liquid to solid, the volume change rate may be different from that of clear water, and the heat conductivity coefficient of the solid state and the liquid state is also different from that of water and ice, so when other solid-liquid phase change materials are used, the filling volume, the cold transfer thermal resistance and the heat transfer thermal resistance ratio of the liquid phase change materials in the through pipe need to be recalculated.
Taking water as the phase change material inside the through pipe as an example, the application range of the phase change material of the one-way cooling guide pipe is not limited, and besides clean water and salt water, other materials with small volume change during phase change can also be used as the phase change material, and all the equivalent structures, equivalent flow changes, appropriate deletion or addition, or direct or indirect application in other related technical fields, which are made by using the contents of the description and the attached drawings of the present invention, should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 4 to 5, the frozen earth formation includes: the surface soil layer 7 and the frozen soil layer 8 are used for the one-way cold guide pipe utilizing phase change conduction in perennial frozen soil areas, so that the temperature of the perennial frozen soil can be reduced, and the melting of the perennial frozen soil layers can be prevented. In permafrost regions, the temperature fluctuates below zero degrees centigrade throughout the year, and the annual average temperature and ground temperature are both below zero degrees centigrade. Permafrost is undergoing accelerated thawing under the influence of global warming, and the key to maintaining the stability of permafrost area infrastructure is to keep the underlying frozen earth layer in a frozen state.
The one-way cold guide pipe utilizing phase change conduction is inserted into the frozen soil stratum, so that the frozen soil stratum can be favorably stored. The one-way cold guide pipe can be buried underground, the original appearance of the infrastructure is not changed, and the ground can be exposed properly. The middle section of the one-way cold guide pipe is wrapped with heat insulation materials, the one-way cold guide pipe is approximately in a one-dimensional heat transfer state, and the part which is not wrapped with the heat insulation materials can be properly enlarged so as to enlarge the heat absorption (cold) and heat release (cold) areas. A certain amount of salt can be added into the clear water in the through pipe, and the freezing temperature of the liquid in the through pipe is properly reduced.
As shown in figure 5, in winter, the air temperature is lower than the phase change temperature of the phase change material, and the liquid in the through pipe is frozen. The heat resistance of the through pipe is small, and cold energy can be transmitted from one end of the one-way cold guide pipe to the other end in the direction shown by an arrow, so that cold is rapidly stored, and the formation temperature is reduced.
As shown in figure 4, in summer, the temperature is higher than the phase change temperature of the phase change material, the solid in the through pipe is melted, the volume is reduced to form an air layer 6, the heat resistance of the through pipe is large, the heat of the air is blocked to be transmitted into the stratum, and the heat absorption of the stratum is reduced. Therefore, the unidirectional cold conductor using phase change conduction is a "thermal diode" formed using phase change conduction.
While embodiments of the invention have been disclosed above, it is not intended to be limited to the uses set forth in the specification and examples. It can be applied to all kinds of fields suitable for the present invention. Additional modifications will readily occur to those skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. A unidirectional cold conducting pipe utilizing phase change conduction is characterized by comprising: the heat exchanger comprises heat pipes for extending into different temperature levels and a through pipe which is terminated between the heat pipes, wherein the through pipe is internally provided with a phase change material so that the through pipe has different heat conducting properties.
2. The unidirectional cold sink using phase change conduction as claimed in claim 1, wherein the phase change material has a thermal conductivity that increases in at least a first phase and decreases in a second phase.
3. A unidirectional cold conducting pipe using phase change conduction as claimed in claim 1, wherein the phase change material is capable of filling the through-tube at least in a first phase and not filling the through-tube in a second phase to form an air layer in the through-tube.
4. A unidirectional cold conducting pipe using phase change conduction as claimed in claim 1, wherein said phase change material is clear water or saline water.
5. A unidirectional cold conducting pipe using phase change conduction as claimed in claim 1, wherein said penetrating pipe is hermetically connected with heat conducting pipes at both ends to prevent leakage of the phase change material.
6. A unidirectional cold conducting pipe using phase change conduction as claimed in claim 3, wherein the heat conducting pipe above the through pipe is provided with holes to relieve the pressure change generated during the volume change of the phase change material.
7. The unidirectional cold conducting pipe using phase change conduction according to claim 1, wherein the length of the heat conducting pipe above the penetrating pipe is 0 to 1 m, the length of the heat conducting pipe below the penetrating pipe is not limited, and the heat conducting pipe is made of a high heat conducting material.
8. A unidirectional cold conducting pipe using phase change conduction as claimed in claim 1, wherein said heat conducting pipe is a steel pipe.
9. The unidirectional cold conduction pipe using phase change conduction as claimed in claim 1, wherein the middle portion of the unidirectional cold conduction pipe using phase change conduction is wrapped with a thermal sleeve to reduce the loss of heat flow in the middle portion, and the length of the thermal sleeve is smaller than the length of the heat conduction pipe below the ventilation pipe to avoid completely wrapping the heat conduction pipe below the ventilation pipe.
10. A unidirectional cold conducting pipe using phase change conduction as claimed in claim 1, wherein said heat conducting pipe and said penetration pipe are circular pipes, or square pipes, or corrugated pipes.
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| CN201910918341.XA CN110715568A (en) | 2019-09-26 | 2019-09-26 | One-way cold guide pipe utilizing phase change conduction |
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| CN201910918341.XA CN110715568A (en) | 2019-09-26 | 2019-09-26 | One-way cold guide pipe utilizing phase change conduction |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113737940A (en) * | 2021-09-14 | 2021-12-03 | 青岛理工大学 | Self-adaptive closed space air tightness adjusting device and building system |
| CN115075281A (en) * | 2022-07-26 | 2022-09-20 | 西南石油大学 | CFG pile-raft composite foundation structure capable of relieving thermal disturbance of frozen soil and construction method |
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| US3217791A (en) * | 1964-07-30 | 1965-11-16 | Erwin L Long | Means for maintaining perma-frost foundations |
| US3902547A (en) * | 1971-08-25 | 1975-09-02 | Mc Donnell Douglas Corp | Permafrost structural support with compatible heat pipe means |
| CN1478962A (en) * | 2003-04-30 | 2004-03-03 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 | Thermal conductivity coefficient variable device and its application |
| CN1570294A (en) * | 2004-04-23 | 2005-01-26 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 | Unidirectional heat conduction apparatus |
| CN2755178Y (en) * | 2004-06-04 | 2006-02-01 | 同济大学 | Anti-freeze terrace structure design of railway in frozen region |
| CN1746436A (en) * | 2005-09-28 | 2006-03-15 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 | Natural cold-energy variator of heat conductivity coefficient |
| CN1793526A (en) * | 2005-12-20 | 2006-06-28 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 | High efficient undirectional thermal conducting apparatus for reducing rodabed frozen soil earth temp. field |
| CN101206001A (en) * | 2006-12-21 | 2008-06-25 | 中交第一公路勘察设计研究院 | One-way hot-resistant heat-preserving complex material |
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| US3217791A (en) * | 1964-07-30 | 1965-11-16 | Erwin L Long | Means for maintaining perma-frost foundations |
| US3902547A (en) * | 1971-08-25 | 1975-09-02 | Mc Donnell Douglas Corp | Permafrost structural support with compatible heat pipe means |
| CN1478962A (en) * | 2003-04-30 | 2004-03-03 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 | Thermal conductivity coefficient variable device and its application |
| CN1570294A (en) * | 2004-04-23 | 2005-01-26 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 | Unidirectional heat conduction apparatus |
| CN2755178Y (en) * | 2004-06-04 | 2006-02-01 | 同济大学 | Anti-freeze terrace structure design of railway in frozen region |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113737940A (en) * | 2021-09-14 | 2021-12-03 | 青岛理工大学 | Self-adaptive closed space air tightness adjusting device and building system |
| CN115075281A (en) * | 2022-07-26 | 2022-09-20 | 西南石油大学 | CFG pile-raft composite foundation structure capable of relieving thermal disturbance of frozen soil and construction method |
| CN115075281B (en) * | 2022-07-26 | 2023-10-31 | 西南石油大学 | CFG pile-raft composite foundation structure capable of relieving thermal disturbance of frozen soil and construction method |
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Application publication date: 20200121 |