CN110713263A - Method for constructing ecological riverbed by using artificial biomembrane - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for constructing an ecological riverbed by using an artificial biomembrane, which comprises the following steps: A. preparing an artificial biomembrane product for riverway restoration; B. the artificial biomembrane is implemented on an ecological riverbed: aiming at the river channel water shallow area: adopting a membrane type artificial biomembrane, flatly paving the selected artificial biomembrane on the riverbed, and fixing the membrane on the riverbed through a connecting buckle; aiming at the deep water area of the river channel: the artificial biological membranes are hung in series, and after the membranes are connected in series, the membranes are submerged below the water surface; and putting a granular artificial biomembrane at the bottom of the river. The invention mainly aims at the difficulties of pollution control brought by strong water body fluidity of the river channel, large water level change of some river channels, tide influence and the like, adopts the artificial biomembrane as the core technology for constructing the ecological riverbed so as to realize the purposes of improving the purification efficiency of the river channel and reducing sediments, solve the problems of large water body fluidity, tide influence and water level change of the river channel, improve the water body purification capacity and realize the ecological restoration target.

Description

Method for constructing ecological riverbed by using artificial biomembrane

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of river course in-situ ecological restoration, and particularly relates to a method for constructing an ecological river bed by using an artificial biomembrane, which is particularly suitable for in-situ ecological restoration of a water environment affected by flowing water bodies, large water level change and tide.

Background

With the rapid development of social economy, the negative impact of human production and living activities on the environment is increasingly prominent. River water environment pollution treatment and river water quality protection are carried out in the early 30 s to 50 s of the last century abroad, the 50-80 s are an ecological restoration theory forming stage taking 'near-natural river treatment engineering' as a main theoretical basis, and the emphasis of river ecological restoration is expanded to river ecological system restoration after the 80 s.

At present, the physical methods commonly used for domestic and foreign river treatment, such as water regulation, mechanical algae removal, sediment dredging and the like; the chemical method has coagulating sedimentation, which is easy to cause secondary pollution; the field which develops rapidly at home and abroad in recent years is an ecological-biological method, which is a technology for improving the self-cleaning capacity of water by combining a biological method with other processes, and comprises a river aeration method, a biofilm method, a bioremediation technology, a land treatment method and the like.

Since the 20 th century 90 s, the exploration of river ecological restoration technology in China begins, the pollution condition of surface water in China is still not optimistic, and the main pollution indexes are total nitrogen and total phosphorus. The students consider that the biomembrane ecological combined treatment technology is a great trend for the development of surface water treatment technology in the future.

The biomembrane method applied to the ecological restoration of domestic and foreign waterways comprises a biological carrier method and a riverbed reconstruction method:

the biological carrier method comprises the following steps: the purification method is characterized in that various natural materials such as gravel and the like are used as fillers, or fine linear soft fillers and activated carbon packed columns are adopted, and the purification method can remove part of COD, BOD, SS and the like in the water body. The methods adopted at present, such as a biological filter, a biological rotating disc, a fluidized bed, a biological contact oxidation method, biological ceramsite or novel filler, and the like, belong to the category. They share the common problems of requiring considerable management techniques or equipment, also flushing and backwashing, cleaning and treating the sludge therein, etc., with high investment and operating costs.

The riverbed transformation method comprises a thin layer flow method and a current purification method:

(1) thin layer flow method: the width of the river bed is expanded, the water depth is reduced, the contact area of the river water and the biological membrane of the river bed is increased, and the purification capacity is improved. But the engineering quantity is large, and the influence of water flow and water depth on ecological landscape needs to be ensured.

(2) A volt-flow purification method: pumping the flowing water back to the river by a pump, purifying the water by utilizing the downward osmosis of the river water and the dilution of the flowing water, and reducing the water level to accelerate the downward osmosis of the river water, so to speak. The method requires the basic balance of water intake and flowing water, and has high design requirement.

366 patent technologies related to ecological riverbeds exist in China, most of the patent technologies are engineering application aspects or devices, and are unrelated to organisms. The ecological riverbed patents are 37 related to microorganisms, and the patent technologies containing microorganisms as the building elements include the following patents:

1. a method for restoring the ecological system of bottom mud in river bed by the embedded microspheres of immobilized microbes (publication No. CN103523931A, publication date 2014-01-22) features that the embedded microspheres of microbes are put in water to treat ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and COD in the water in river.

2. A biological enzyme carrier for ecological restoration of riverbed water (publication (bulletin) No. CN208586115U, publication date: 2019-03-08) is a biological enzyme carrier for ecological restoration of riverbed water, and is suitable for rain-induced rivers with large riverbed gradient and high water flow speed.

3. A river course ecological microorganism adsorption treatment membrane system (publication (bulletin) No. CN208802887U, publication date: 2019-04-30) discloses a river course ecological microorganism adsorption treatment membrane system, wherein the biological membrane treatment assembly comprises an adjusting frame and a driving gear set, and a plurality of filler cylinders are uniformly distributed in the adjusting frame so as to meet the purpose of sewage treatment capacity of a river course.

4. A riverway ecological restoration system and method based on black and odorous rivers (publication (bulletin) No. CN109881731A, publication date: 2019-06-14, legal status: under examination) comprises the steps of injecting a microbial preparation into the bottom of bottom sediment of a riverway by using a high-pressure spray gun; placing a river bottom garbage cleaning device in a river channel; used for cleaning the garbage deposited under the water surface to protect the riverbed structure from being damaged.

5. An urban river ecological desilting and water pollution remediation system (publication (announcement) No. CN204737793U, publication date: 2015-11-04) discloses an urban river ecological desilting and water pollution remediation system, which adopts a desilting component to carry out desilting and then puts microbial strains into the bottom layer of a river bed.

6. A method for preparing a microbial agent for continuously dredging and removing black and odorous water (publication (announcement) No. CN106754514A, publication date: 2017-05-31 legal state: examination) discloses a method for preparing a microbial agent for continuously dredging and removing black and odorous water, which comprises the steps of preparing a microbial liquid by utilizing various plant mineral raw materials, and finally mixing the microbial liquid with ore particles to prepare a finished product.

Item 1 in the above patent is the use of immobilized microorganism-embedded spheres; the patent of 2 relates to a carrier of microbial enzyme preparation; item 3 is to adsorb natural microorganisms by using a filler; the 4-6 patents use microorganisms prepared by different methods to be applied in an aqueous environment. These methods all have the problem that microorganisms are lost in water, phagocytized by aquatic animals, or embedded spheres are decomposed by other microorganisms, thereby affecting the relevant stability, long-term effect and purification effect.

In addition, the invention can be used for the open sea canal which is influenced by tide, has strong liquidity and large water level change and also has the change of salt in water.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the method for constructing the ecological riverbed by using the artificial biomembrane, which has the advantages of easy operation, simple and convenient operation, high efficiency, long acting and safety, can overcome the treatment difficulty caused by large water body fluidity and water level change, strengthen the pollutant removal efficiency, improve the water quality and the bottom quality, recover the biological diversity of an ecological system, strengthen the self-purification capacity of the water body, achieve the expected aim of ecological restoration and improve the water environment.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical measures:

the river course is a flowing water body, and many river courses have great water level changes due to seasons, flood discharge, waterlogging drainage and other functions, and the river course dredging the sea is influenced by tide, so that the characteristics of strong fluidity, great water level and salt changes are achieved, and the problems need to be overcome in the in-situ ecological restoration process of the river course are solved.

At present, ecological restoration of black and odorous river water bodies is developed in various places, engineering measures such as dredging, sewage interception, water changing and the like are adopted, and degradation of pollutants by using a microbial preparation is one of the most main biological restoration measures for improving water quality and bottom materials.

However, common microbial preparations such as water aqua and powder are easy to run off in water and can be phagocytized by other organisms, the microbial preparations need to be continuously put in, the consumption is large, the stability and the application effect are influenced, the ubiquitous effective period is short, and the water quality index is easy to rebound; but also can not adapt to the in-situ ecological restoration of a flowing water body and a river channel, and the artificial biomembrane is an effective means for solving the in-situ ecological restoration of the polluted river channel.

A method for constructing an ecological riverbed by using an artificial biomembrane comprises the following steps:

A. preparing an artificial biomembrane product for river channel restoration (adopting a patent, namely an artificial biomembrane and a preparation method ZL 200610124636.2);

B. the artificial biomembrane is implemented on an ecological riverbed:

for river shallow water areas (0-50 cm):

adopting a membrane type artificial biomembrane;

paving the selected artificial biological membrane on the riverbed, and fixing the membrane on the riverbed through a connecting buckle;

aiming at the deep water area (50-500cm) of the river channel:

the artificial biological membranes are hung in series, and after the membranes are connected in series, the membranes are submerged below the water surface (about 10 cm);

and putting a granular artificial biomembrane at the bottom of the river.

In the step B, aiming at the deep water area of the river channel:

according to the condition of the river channel, the artificial biomembrane is hung in or around the gabion in the deep water area to be arranged along the water flow direction and is placed on the two sides or the bottom of the river channel.

The artificial biomembrane is suspended in the deep water area by adopting a floating suspension type device, and the floating balls are connected in series to form a line and fixed in the restored water body.

The technical measures of the steps are as follows:

in polluted water environment treatment, after sewage interception and desilting, physical, chemical and/or biological methods are adopted to improve water quality and substrate. The necessary means for the common application of purifying the polluted water environment by applying the degradation effect of the microbial agent on pollutants is also a technology and a product which accord with the ecological principle and the scientific and technological development direction. Microorganisms, which are the basis of the food chain in aquatic ecosystems, are natural baits for many aquatic animals, and can be phagocytosed by large and small organisms such as fish, shellfish and microorganisms; the microbial water or powder is easy to run off in a flowing water body, and particularly, a river channel with large water level change is more difficult to play a role; microbial agents also have poor tolerance to a variety of adverse environmental factors, which are all difficult problems that must be overcome in river remediation applications.

The key technology of the technical measures adopted by the invention is as follows:

1. selecting an application strain with strong adaptability: the composite material has the capability of degrading pollutant in a broad spectrum and has adaptability to adverse environments, such as drought resistance, radiation resistance, wider temperature adaptation range and the like;

2. the probiotic with clear and safe classification status of the strain is applied, secondary pollution is avoided, and possible subsequent troubles caused by chemical methods are avoided;

3. a tailor-made artificial biofilm: the special product for the ecological riverbed prepared by adopting the artificial biomembrane patent technology is characterized in that: the water-soluble organic fertilizer does not run off in a water body, is not phagocytized by aquatic animals, is efficient and long-acting, does not need to be added frequently, saves consumables and reduces cost;

4. the strain is applied to adapt to the change of the salinity of the water body of the sea channel by the tide and adapt to the environment of fresh water, brackish water and seawater.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

the artificial biomembrane is used as an effective means for solving the problem of in-situ ecological restoration of the polluted river, and because the microbial cell density in the artificial biomembrane is high, the artificial biomembrane is not lost in water, has high efficiency, long effect and safety, and can fully utilize the degradation capability of the microorganisms to pollutants; the artificial biomembrane carrier has high mechanical strength, impact resistance, decomposition resistance and good stability; the artificial biomembrane product can not be phagocytized by other organisms, and has stronger tolerance to adverse environmental factors such as high temperature, radiation, substances with biological toxicity and the like; the membrane type artificial biomembrane can be used repeatedly and has unique advantages in ecological restoration of polluted water environment.

The invention adopts the membrane type and the particle type artificial biomembrane and the floating suspension type device, can be used independently or cooperatively, can also select different application strains to prepare the artificial biomembrane according to the properties of pollutants, and has wide application range.

The invention has been applied in different polluted water environments, such as channels in parks, black and odorous landscape water bodies, black and odorous livestock and poultry breeding water bodies, fish and shrimp breeding water bodies and the like, realizes good effects of eliminating black and odorous, improving transparency, restraining algal bloom outbreak, degrading pollutants, removing COD, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus and solid suspended matters, has been applied for more than eight years for the longest time, and can also deodorize and reduce sludge in situ.

The invention is suitable for the in-situ ecological restoration of a flowing water body and a water environment with large water level change and salinity change of the water body, degrades pollutants in the water body through microorganisms in an artificial biomembrane, restores and improves the self-purification capacity of the pollutants, improves the water quality and the substrate and improves the water environment quality.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method for constructing an ecological riverbed by using an artificial biological membrane according to the present invention.

Detailed Description

Example 1:

as shown in figure 1, the invention provides a method for constructing an ecological riverbed by using an artificial biomembrane, which comprises the following steps:

1. preparing an artificial biomembrane product for river channel restoration (adopting a patent, an artificial biomembrane and a preparation method ZL 200610124636.2): the selected high-efficiency application strains comprise probiotics such as bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria and the like, have the performances of high-efficiency degradation of organic matters, dephosphorization, denitrification and deodorization, and can be used for a sea river channel affected by tide by using strains covering fresh water, brackish water and seawater; the artificial biomembrane product has the capability of resisting drought, radiation and freezing environments, has metabolic activity within the water temperature range of 10-40 ℃, and has a decontamination effect.

2. The artificial biomembrane is implemented on an ecological riverbed: many river courses are not only high in mobility, but also large in water level fluctuation caused by seasons, flood storage, waterlogging drainage, tide influence and the like, sometimes the water depth can reach 2-5 meters, the water shallow position can be only more than ten centimeters, even a bare river bed, and therefore different river sections need to be treated differently:

(1) for shallow river water regions (0-50cm, any data in this range):

product selection: the membrane type product is adopted, and the specifications (length, width and thickness) of the membrane can be customized according to the ecological restoration design scheme formulated according to the specific conditions of the width of a riverbed, the length of a riverway, a riverbank pollution source and the like.

The implementation method comprises the following steps:

the selected artificial biomembrane is flatly paved on a riverbed, an appropriate connecting buckle is selected to fix the membrane on the riverbed according to the bottom material condition of the riverbed, cobblestones can be added to strengthen the shock resistance, the position of the membrane which is not moved at the bottom of the riverway is kept, the riverbed with the biodegradation function is formed, the removal efficiency of the membrane on pollutants is strengthened, the accumulation of the sediments of the riverway is reduced, and the bottom dredging function is achieved.

(2) For river deep water regions (above 50 cm-500 cm, any data in this range):

the method for hanging the artificial biological membrane in series comprises the following steps: one end of the artificial biological membranes is strung together with stainless steel wire rope or other durable rope, and the membranes are spaced apart with perforated plastic tubes or rings to maintain the distance between the membranes, finally forming a strip. After the diaphragms are connected in series, trestles, piers, revetments or cement piles in the water body can be repaired and fixed below the water surface between the trestles, piers, revetments or cement piles; or can be suspended below the water body ecological floating bed or fixed in a gabion according to the water flow direction. The membrane should be submerged below the water surface to ensure adequate contact with the contaminated water.

The elements and materials used for fixing the artificial biological membrane are as follows: angle 304 (50 x 50) and stand (120 x 120), stainless steel wire rope (1 x 7-2.5mm), several fastening elements (stainless steel expansion bolts, tighteners, clamps, etc.), all from commercially available materials.

The artificial biological membrane is suspended in the deep water area by an artificial biological membrane floating suspension type device (a patent-artificial biological membrane floating suspension type device CN 201598204U). The floating balls are connected in series to form lines and fixed in the water body to be repaired by the method which refers to the diaphragm series connection method.

The membrane is suspended in the gabion of the river channel for application: according to the condition of the river channel, the artificial biomembrane can be hung in or around the gabion in the deep water area, arranged in the principle along the water flow direction and then placed on the two sides or the bottom of the river channel.

Putting a granular artificial biomembrane at the bottom of the river channel: the artificial biomembrane granules mainly act on the bottom of the river channel to degrade sediments and reduce sludge. And putting a granular artificial biomembrane product at the bottom of the restoration object according to the water quality and the depth of the sludge at the bottom of the restoration object so as to reduce sediments.

Application effects are exemplified by:

(1) ecological restoration of the odorous landscape water body:

area of a community of 800m²The landscape water body is polluted by external sewage for a long time, the sludge reaches 0.5m, the water depth is only 1.3m, the water body is black, the odor is offensive, and after the artificial biomembrane type and the particle type are used in a matching way, the odor is quickly eliminated, the water body transparency is improved, and the water quality index is improved (see table 1).

TABLE 1 ecological restoration effect of foul water body

(2) Ecological restoration of eutrophic water body:

the water area is 4 mu, the water is shallow, mainly eutrophication, algae are excessive, sewage permeates, the water quality belongs to a poor V class, after artificial biological membrane type and particle type products are applied, phosphorus and nitrogen removal are carried out, the water quality is improved, no algal bloom occurs, and the COD, TP and ammonia nitrogen reach the lV class water standard (see table 2) except total nitrogen. With the extension of the repair time, the water quality is expected to be gradually improved to the III-class water quality.

TABLE 2 ecological restoration effect of eutrophic water

(3) Sludge reduction effect: in order to verify the effect of the artificial biomembrane on reducing the sludge in the black and odorous water body, the test results are shown in Table 3.

TABLE 3 sludge reduction and Water quality improvement effects of Artificial biofilms

Item	Before testing	After one week of treatment	Removal effect
				Color and smell of water	Black and foul smell	Colorless and odorless	Good effect
Color and thickness of bottom mud	Dark black, 10cm	Light gray, 5cm	The reduction is 50 percent
				Transparency	Is not transparent	50-80cm	Is remarkably improved
COD	1850mg/L	398mg/L	The removal rate is 78.5 percent
				Ammonia nitrogen	250mg/L	150mg/L	Remove 40 percent

The comparison between the ecological riverbed using the artificial biomembrane as the core technology and the related patent technology is as follows:

(1) the artificial biomembrane immobilization method is characterized in that: the strain adopted by the invention is an efficient and targeted immobilized microorganism, the immobilization method is special, the strain does not run off in the water body, the effect is fast, and the strain has unique advantages in the application of the strain in the flowing water body. As the patent cited in the background technology, namely a method for restoring a riverbed sediment ecosystem by utilizing immobilized microorganism embedded microspheres (publication (bulletin) No. CN103523931A, published date: 2014-01-22), the treatment effect of the immobilized microorganism embedded microspheres has certain requirements on temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen, the immobilization method adopted by the artificial biomembrane is beyond the immobilization technology of other embedding materials such as sodium alginate, and the membrane type can be repeatedly used and surpasses other immobilization technology products;

(2) the artificial biomembrane product is superior to microbial water and powder: patents [1, 4-7] cited in the background art all belong to microbial agents, and different methods are also used for applying the microbial agents to the bottom of a river channel, so that parts of the microbial agents are inevitably lost and phagocytosed by other organisms; the microorganisms in the artificial biomembrane adopted by the invention cannot be phagocytized by other organisms;

(3) artificial biofilms are superior to natural biofilms: in the patent of ' a river ecological microbial adsorption treatment membrane system ' (publication (announcement) No. CN208802887U, publication date: 2019-04-30) ', a filler is used as a carrier, conditions for microbial adsorption are provided, the types and the quantity of microbes randomly attached are uncertain, the effective bacterial quantity cannot be controlled, and the artificial biofilm belongs to the category of natural biofilms, the microbes adopted by the artificial biofilm are high-efficiency and safe strains which are bred, the effective bacterial quantity can be manually controlled according to needs, and the microbes in the artificial biofilm have stronger tolerance and adaptability to adverse environmental factors such as temperature, radiation, disinfectors and the like, the artificial biofilm product adopted by the method does not need film hanging time, and is quick to start, quick to take effect and good in effect: superior to natural biofilms and other fillers (see table 4).

TABLE 4 comprehensive comparison of Artificial and Natural biofilms

(4) Artificial biofilms differ from enzyme preparations or their carriers: patent "a biological enzyme carrier for ecological restoration of riverbed water" (publication) No. CN208586115U, publication date: 2019-03-08) is a patent relating to biological enzyme carriers, and does not apply microorganisms;

(5) sludge reduction: the artificial biomembrane granular product is directly applied to the bottom mud, has the function of reducing the mud, and can be used for biological dredging and maintenance after dredging;

(6) quick effect and long service life: the artificial biomembrane product is applied to the ecological restoration of eutrophic and black and odorous water bodies, the obvious effect can be achieved in about 1 week under the condition of proper temperature, the effective period of the membrane product is more than 3 years, the longest service life of the membrane product is more than 8 years, the water quality can be gradually improved, and even the water quality is improved from the poor V type to the III type (see tables 2 and 3);

(7) the application range is wide: including sea-going rivers which are influenced by tides and have salt changes;

(8) the application method and the management are simple and convenient: different from the adoption of devices or the ectopic ecological restoration technology, the invention adopts in-situ fixation, occupies no land, does not need to additionally purchase related devices, equipment and structures, saves investment, is convenient to manage, does not need to watch personnel, and saves labor and cost.

In conclusion, the present invention has considerable technical advantages, and should play an important role in implementing a water pollution prevention action plan.

The invention mainly aims at the difficulties brought by strong water fluidity of the riverway and great changes of water level and salt content of certain riverways to pollution prevention and control; the key points of dredging and substrate improvement in the treatment of the polluted water environment are that an artificial biomembrane is adopted as a core technology for constructing an ecological riverbed so as to achieve the purposes of improving the purification efficiency of the riverway and reducing sediments. The artificial biomembrane has the characteristics of high microorganism density, no loss in water, high efficiency, safety, long service life, no secondary pollution, no phagocytosis by other organisms, reusability of the membrane type and the like, can select application strains with strong pertinence to produce the artificial biomembrane for an ecological riverbed according to the characteristics of water pollutants, and simultaneously removes COD, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus, improves transparency, eliminates peculiar smell, reduces sediments, improves water quality and bottom quality, solves the problem of large change of water fluidity, water level and salinity of the riverway water, improves water purification capacity and realizes the aim of ecological restoration.

The invention is not limited to ecological restoration of riverways and riverbeds, and can also be applied to polluted lakes or environments needing strengthening substrate decontamination, and water body maintenance after biological dredging or mechanical dredging.

The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can understand that the modifications or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. A method for constructing an ecological riverbed by using an artificial biomembrane is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

A. preparing an artificial biomembrane product for riverway restoration;

B. the artificial biomembrane is implemented on an ecological riverbed:

aiming at the river channel water shallow area 0-50 cm:

adopting a membrane type artificial biomembrane;

paving the selected artificial biological membrane on the riverbed, and fixing the membrane on the riverbed through a connecting buckle;

aiming at the river channel deep water area 50-500 cm:

the artificial biological membranes are hung in series, and after the membranes are connected in series, the membranes are submerged below the water surface;

and putting a granular artificial biomembrane at the bottom of the river.

2. The method for constructing an ecological riverbed by using an artificial biological membrane as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step B, aiming at the deep water area of the river channel:

according to the condition of the river channel, the artificial biomembrane is hung in or around the gabion in the deep water area to be arranged along the water flow direction and is placed on the two sides or the bottom of the river channel.

3. The method for constructing an ecological riverbed by using an artificial biological membrane as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step B, aiming at the deep water area of the river channel:

the artificial biomembrane is suspended in the deep water area by adopting a floating suspension type device, and the floating balls are connected in series to form a line and fixed in the restored water body.

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