CN1107118A - Weight detecting apparatus for elevators - Google Patents
Weight detecting apparatus for elevators Download PDFInfo
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- CN1107118A CN1107118A CN93121520A CN93121520A CN1107118A CN 1107118 A CN1107118 A CN 1107118A CN 93121520 A CN93121520 A CN 93121520A CN 93121520 A CN93121520 A CN 93121520A CN 1107118 A CN1107118 A CN 1107118A
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- load detection
- error
- detection data
- slope
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
- B66B5/02—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions
- B66B5/14—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions in case of excessive loads
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- Maintenance And Inspection Apparatuses For Elevators (AREA)
- Indicating And Signalling Devices For Elevators (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a weight detection device for an elevator to precisely detect weight of a passenger in accordance with displacement quantity of vibrationproof rubber by using the vibrationproof rubber as a passenger weight detection sensor to detect weight of the passenger boarding an elevator car. A constitution is made of a load detection data part, the maximum and minimum value detection part, a no-load detection part, a first comparison part, error changing part, an error correction processing part, an inclination computing part, a second comparison part and error changing part of inclination.
Description
The present invention relates to be used to detect the device of elevator passenger total weight, more particularly, relate to a kind of weight detecting apparatus for elevators, it adopts antidetonation rubber as the passenger weight sensor, measures passenger's weight exactly according to the displacement of antidetonation rubber.
According to the controller performance of elevator, the total weight of accurately measuring passenger in the elevator case is very important.In other words, have only when elevator is used suitable starting torque control corresponding to passenger weight, could guarantee that good using escalator feels.Utilize the data of passenger's weight, for example estimate that the passenger is arranged in the elevator and calculate every layer of patronage of going up elevator/following elevator as the operation of control elevator.
Method for measuring weight as elevator, many kinds have been proposed, for example a kind of method is that the antidetonation rubber displacement that will change according to passenger weight is converted to voltage, a kind of method is to utilize the electrooptical device that is installed on the elevator door that the passenger is counted, a kind of method is to measure passenger's weight by the pictorial data that analysis is scanned by the camera that is contained in the elevator case, and another method is to utilize the weight that is installed together and is positioned on the substrate mensuration passenger of elevator case bottom with weight sensor (as piezoelectric element).In these methods, convert the displacement of antidetonation rubber to voltage method and be widely adopted because of its economy.
With reference to Fig. 1, adopt the conventional weight detecting apparatus for elevators of antidetonation rubber displacement shown in it.As shown in Figure 1, this device comprises the antidetonation rubber 2 that is installed on below the elevator case 1, be used for the displacement of antidetonation rubber 2 is converted to the differential transformer 3 of electric signal, be used for the output signal of differential transformer 3 is converted to the A/D converter unit 5 of the digital signal that shows the load detection data, be used to handle the input block 6 of the load detection data of weight data form, be used to store the memory cell 7 of the weight data that receives from input block 6, be used for handling the weight data that is stored in memory cell 7 and export the dtc signal of a CD-ROM drive motor or the output unit 8 of the control signal of the data of the patronage of a relevant last elevator/following elevator and be used to export control signal and drive input block 6 respectively, the microprocessor 9 of memory cell 7 and output unit 8.
Among Fig. 1, reference marker AB represents an A wire, reference marker DB representative data bus, and reference number 4 is represented a resistor.
Narrate the working process of this routine weight detecting apparatus for elevators below in conjunction with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
When the passenger entered in the elevator case 1, antidetonation rubber 2 was compressed by passenger weight is proportional.At this moment, differential transformer 3 moves down because of the displacement of antidetonation rubber 2.This of differential transformer 3 moves the magnetic flow that causes between primary winding and output primary and changes.As a result, on output primary, induce and the proportional voltage of the displacement of antidetonation rubber.
This voltage is applied to A/D converter unit 5 through regulator resistor 4, is converted to digital signal by A/D converter unit 5 then, and A/D converter unit 5 loads the detection data.When not having the passenger in the elevator case 1, the load detection data of A/D converter unit 5 are corresponding to 0%.When the total weight of passenger in the elevator case 1 during corresponding to the rated load, nominal load of elevator, the load detection data of A/D converter unit 5 are corresponding to 100%.
The load detection data of A/D converter unit 5 are transported to microprocessor 9 via input block 6, and microprocessor 9 is exported a control signal again.By this control signal, the load detection data are sent to the corresponding assigned address of memory cell 7.
In other words, the total weight of the passenger in the elevator case 1 can record in the load detection data from be stored in assigned address at that time.
For example, from the A/D converter unit 5 output the load detection data with hexadecimal numeral (32)
16Decimal digit (50) corresponding to expression 50%
10If the rated load, nominal load of elevator is 1600 kilograms, then these load detection data just represent that the total weight of the passenger in the elevator case 1 at that time is 800 kilograms.
As mentioned above, in this conventional equipment, passenger's total weight is converted into mechanical shift, is converted to electric signal by antidetonation rubber and differential transformer respectively then.Yet, in this conventional equipment, the total weight of accurately measuring the passenger is impossible, and this is because may not correspond to actual weight because the variation of the variation of the variation of the elasticity modulus of the antidetonation rubber of generation mechanical shift, differential transformer primary winding voltage and other characteristic of differential transformer makes by the electric signal that is converted to.Furtherly, conventional equipment needs periodic test and adjustment.Thereby may cause performance to reduce.
The problems referred to above that run in this conventional equipment can be understood with reference to Fig. 2.Fig. 2 is a characteristic curve, and the error of the load detection data that the variation by differential transformer characteristic among Fig. 1 causes is described.This characteristic curve is painted on artesian coordinates and fastens, and X-axis is represented the load detection data and Y-axis is represented the output voltage of the coil of differential transformer 3.In this rectangular coordinate system, the setting initial value makes 100% value corresponding to the load detection data Xa on the X-axis of a Q, at the output voltage Ya(of the output primary of a Q place and differential transformer 3 on Y-axis) satisfy the characteristic curve PQ of difference transformation depressor 3, and 0% value is corresponding to the load detection data Xb on the X-axis of a P, at the output voltage Yb(of the primary winding of a P place and differential transformer 3 on Y-axis) satisfy the characteristic curve PQ of differential transformer 3.
At first, characteristic curve PQ has the form of straight lines of the initial adjustment characteristic of expression differential transformer 3.Because above-mentioned changing factor, this linear response PQ may be deformed into curve TU, as shown in Figure 2.At this moment, error will appear in the detection of the load detection data of expression passenger total weight.For example, the load detection data at the X% that represents on the characteristic curve PQ are measured as XA% by the characteristic curve TU after being out of shape.Thereby error E NL corresponding to the XB%-XA% value appearred in the load detection data.
Thereby, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of weight detecting apparatus for elevators, it can record all the time the passenger correct weight and without any need for periodic inspection and adjustment.Its method is the minimum value by the minimum value of the load detection data that relatively record from the elevator status signal and the initial load detection data of setting, on basis relatively, measure the characteristic variation of differential transformer, then the sum of errors error change of the load detection data that produce owing to characteristic variation of automatic compensation.
According to the present invention,, a kind of elevator measurement mechanism can realize this purpose by being provided.This weight detecting apparatus for elevators comprises: the load detection data cell, and the ratio that is used for the rated load, nominal load of weight by described elevator case passenger and described elevator calculates the load detection data, and exports this load detection data; Also comprise maximum/minimum value detecting unit, be used to write down the maxim and the minimum value of described load detection data; Also comprise unloaded detecting unit, the elevator status signal of described elevator light condition shown in being used to measure, and the load detection data of the described light condition of output expression; Also comprise first comparator, be used for and compare with the described minimum value that is stored in described maximum/minimum value detecting unit from the described load detection data of described unloaded detecting unit output, and export load detection datum error and the described error change that under described light condition, produces; Also comprise error adjustment processing unit, be used for determining the described sum of errors described error change of first adjustment value with the output signal of adjusting described first comparator, adjust the characteristic curve of differential transformer with described first adjustment value, and described first adjustment value is applied to described load detection data cell, so that detect data by described adjusted characteristic curve output load; Also comprise slope calculation unit SCU, be used for going out slope by described load detection data computation from the output of described load detection unit; Also comprise second comparator, be used for relatively from the described slope of described slope calculation unit SCU output and be recorded in the slope of described load detection data cell, and export the described characteristic slope error of described differential transformer and the variation of described slope error; Also comprise slope adjustment processing unit, be used for determining second adjustment value, to adjust from the described slope error of described second comparator output and the variation of described slope error, adjust the described characteristic curve of described differential transformer with described second adjustment value, and described second adjustment value is applied to described load detection data cell, to detect data by described adjusted characteristic curve output load.
Embodiment is described below with reference to accompanying drawings, makes other purpose of the present invention and viewpoint will become more apparent, in the accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 is the view of conventional weight detecting apparatus for elevators;
Fig. 2 is a performance diagram, and the error of the load detection data that caused by the change of the differential transformer characteristic among Fig. 1 is described;
Fig. 3 and 4 is respectively the block diagram according to weight detecting apparatus for elevators of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the block diagram that Fig. 4 error of mean squares is adjusted processing unit;
Fig. 6 is the characteristic curve according to the differential transformer of the present invention's employing;
Fig. 7 A is explanation expression error and function P, the Z of error situation of change and the figure of N;
Fig. 7 B is the adjustment value K of explanation load detection data and the figure of fuzzy set VL, L, M, S and VS;
The reasoning process of adjustment value K in the fuzzy reasoning unit of fuzzy control unit in the figure difference instruction diagram 6 among Fig. 8 and 9.
With reference to Fig. 3 to 5, the A/D converter unit according to weight detecting apparatus for elevators of the present invention is described.The structure that this weight-measuring device comprises is identical with the structure of the conventional equipment shown in Fig. 1, and different is the structure of A/D converter unit.For the purpose of cutline, only narrate the structure of A/D converter unit, and dispense detailed description about other unit.
As shown in Figure 4, A/D converter unit 5 comprises load detection data cell 10, is used to calculate differential transformer 3(Fig. 1) with the passenger weight detection signal Y of the form of elevator rated load, nominal load percentage by weight output, and output load detects data result X%; Also comprise maximum/minimum value detecting unit 20, be used to write down maxim MAX% and the minimum value MIN % of load detection data X%; Also comprise unloaded detecting unit 30, be used to detect the elevator status signal S of expression elevator light condition, and the load detection data X% of output expression light condition; Also comprise first comparator 40, be used for and compare with the minimum value MIN % that is stored in maximum/minimum value detecting unit 20 from the load detection data X% of described unloaded detecting unit 30 outputs, and export the error E NL and the error change CENL of the load detection data that under the elevator light condition, produce; Comprise that also error adjusts processing unit 50, be used for determining the adjustment error E NL of output signal of first comparator 40 and the adjustment value K that error changes CENL; Also comprise slope calculation unit SCU 60, be used to calculate the slope θ of the load detection data X% of unloaded detecting unit 30 outputs
1; Also comprise second comparator 70, be used for the slope θ of comparison slope calculation unit SCU 60 outputs
1With the slope θ that is recorded in the load detection data cell 10
0, and output differential transformer 3(Fig. 1) characteristic slope error E θ and error change CE θ; Also comprise slope adjustment processing unit 80, be used for determining from the adjustment error E θ of second comparator, 70 outputs and the adjustment value L of error variation CE θ.
As shown in Figure 5, error is adjusted processing unit 50 and is comprised fuzzy control unit F LC, is used to control the litura of people's logic of class.Fuzzy control unit F LC comprises quantifying unit Qn, is used for the error E NL and the error of load detection data are changed the CENL quantification; Also comprise fuzzy reasoning unit F R, be used for the output signal of quantifying unit Qn being classified,, and sorted output signal is carried out reasoning with regular RL1 to RL9 so that represent output signal with fuzzy set by the output signal function; Also comprise numerical value processing unit DF, be used for that numerical value is carried out in the reasoning that fuzzy reasoning unit F R determines and handle also thereby export adjustment value K.
Slope is adjusted processing unit 80, comprises with error adjusting the identical fuzzy control unit of processing unit 50 structures.
Now with reference to the working process of Fig. 3 to Fig. 9 narration according to weight-measuring device of the present invention.
After installing elevator at first, when the passenger weight detection signal Y from differential transformer 3 was applied on the load detection data cell 10 of A/D converter unit 5, output load detected data X1% to load detection data cell 10 by calculating following formula.
X1%=θ
0*Y+Yo
In the formula, θ
0Represent the slope of the characteristic curve PQ of differential transformer 3.Slope θ
0Can derive from following formula:
θ
0=tan
-1(Xa-Xb)/(Ya-Yb)
Characteristic curve PQ is adjusted curve.When the weight of passenger in the elevator case 1 is the rated load, nominal load of elevator, the output voltage Y of differential transformer 3 is adjusted into Ya.In this case, initial value design is the maxim MAX% corresponding to 100% value of load detection data Xa.In another case, light condition is regulated make differential transformer 3 output voltage Y corresponding to Yb.At this moment, initial value design is 0% minimum value MIN % corresponding to load detection data Xa.
For various passenger weights corresponding to rated load, nominal load, zero load and 1/2 load, load detection data X% Xa(Xa=MAX%), Xb(Xb=MIN%) and Xo set, Xa, Xb and Xo are respectively the values on the X-axis of characteristic curve PQ of differential transformer 3, as shown in Figure 6.
Load detection data X
1Put on maximum/minimum value detecting unit, so that output load detects the maxim and the minimum value of data.Maxim MAX% and minimum value MIN % are stored.
In another case, when the passenger weight detection signal Y of differential voltage transformer 3 put on the load detection data cell 10 of A/D converting unit 5 in running process of elevator, Data Detection data cell 10 following formula output load as calculated detected data X2:
X2%=θ
0*Y(1+L)+Xo(1-K)
In the formula, θ
0Represent the slope of the characteristic curve PQ of differential transformer 3.Slope θ
0Can be from formula θ
0=tan
-1(Xa-Xb)/(Ya-Yb) derive.Adjustment value K and L can adjust in processing unit 50 and the slope adjustment processing unit 80 in error respectively and calculate.When detecting the load detection data by the initial characteristic curve PQ that sets, data value K and L are zero.
Load detection data X2 puts on maximum/minimum value detecting unit 20, with maxim MAX% and the minimum M IX% that exports these load detection data.Maxim MAX% and minimum value MIN % are stored again.
When the change (shown in characteristic curve TB among Fig. 6) owing to characteristic makes the output voltage of differential transformer 3 under the light condition become value Yb from value Yb
2The time, just produce not error E NL and this error change CENL in the data then of load inspection.In this case, the characteristic slope error after load detection datum error, its error change, are out of shape and its error change adjustment value K and the L adjustment of being adjusted processing unit 50 and 80 outputs of slope adjustment processing unit respectively from error.
Can consider to adopt the method for the load detection data of 5 outputs from the A/D converter unit being monitored according to the state of elevator.Yet, in this case, when the characteristic of Weight detector itself changes, can cause that perhaps the flase drop of load detection data is surveyed.For this reason, adopted the method that detects light condition from elevator status signal S according to the present invention.
When elevator door in normal running state rather than be in close the predefined time (for example, being no less than 30 seconds) under maintenance or the faulty condition after, elevator is not motion still, elevator just sends elevator status signal S.This elevator status signal S is applied in unloaded detecting unit 30, and next unloaded detecting unit 30 exports the load detection data of expression light condition.In first comparator 40, these load detection data compare with the minimum value MIN % that sets and be stored at first in maximum/minimum value detecting unit 20.By relatively, drawn the error E NL and the error variation CENL thereof of the difference between expression load detection data and the minimum value MIN %.Error E NL that then draws and error variation thereof are applied to error and adjust on the processing unit 50.
The adjustment that error E NL and error change CENL is to be undertaken by the fuzzy control unit F LC that controls people's logic of class litura.
Just, error E NL and error change CENL and become fuzzy set by quantifying unit Qn.Then, error E NL and the error of being represented by fuzzy set changes CENL by error E NL and error variation CENL function P, Z and N classification.
Received by fuzzy reasoning unit F R from the output signal of quantifying unit Qn output, then use predetermined rule RL reasoning.According to the regular RL that adopts, when error E NL and error changed CENL and all be negative (N), the selection fuzzy set VL be used to provide very large adjustment value K, as Fig. 8 and shown in Figure 9.Equally, according to regular RL, just be respectively negative (N), zero (Z) and P(when error E NL and error change CENL) time, Else Rule, promptly fuzzy set VL(is very big), fuzzy set L(is big), among the fuzzy set M(), fuzzy set S(is little) and fuzzy set VS(very little) can release.The fuzzy set of releasing is applied to numerical value processing unit DF, and next DF exports adjustment value K.
For example, when error E NL and error change CENL and all be-0.8, employing be to change the fuzzy set N of CENL and five regular RL1 to RL5 of Z corresponding to the fuzzy set N of error E NL and Z and error, to export adjustment value K.
In another case, when the characteristic curve of differential voltage transformer 3 is deformed into characteristic curve RS among Fig. 6, can find that variation has all taken place load detection data and the characteristic slope under the light condition.Slope error E θ changes CE θ with error and with above-mentioned employing adjustment value K error E NL is changed the identical definite adjustment value L adjustment of mode of step that CENL adjusts with error.
Adjustment value K and L are applied to load detection data cell 10 once more.In load detection data cell 10, load detection data X2 adopts following formula to measure:
X2%=θ
0*Y(1+L)+Xo(1-K)
As mentioned above, the load detection data that calculate through adjustment value K and the adjusted characteristic curve of L with differential transformer are stored in load detection data cell 10 once more.Detect the load detection data with adjusted characteristic curve.Thereby even error occurs owing to the differential transformer 3 initial characteristic changes of setting cause passenger weight to detect, the weight that detects the passenger in the elevator case all the time exactly also is possible.
Clearly find out according to above explanation, the invention provides a kind of weight detecting apparatus for elevators, can adjust the error of the passenger weight that the variation owing to anti-chatter spring and differential transformer characteristic causes, thereby obtain correct weight detecting.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that under the prerequisite that does not depart from the disclosed scope and spirit of the present invention of appending claims various improvement, interpolation and replacement all are possible.
Claims (3)
1, a kind of weight detecting apparatus for elevators comprises:
The load detection data cell is used for calculating the load detection data and exporting this load detection data by described elevator case passenger's the weight and the ratio of this elevator rated load, nominal load;
Maximum/minimum value detecting unit is used to write down the maxim and the minimum value of described load detection data;
Unloaded detecting unit is used to detect the elevator status signal of the described elevator light condition of expression and the load detection data that described light condition is represented in output;
First comparator, be used for and compare with the described minimum value that is stored in described maximum/minimum value detecting unit from the described load detection data of described unloaded detecting unit output, and export load detection datum error and the described error change that under described light condition, produces;
Error is adjusted processing unit, be used for determining that first adjustment value is to adjust the described error variation of described sum of errors from the output signal of described first comparator, adjust the characteristic curve of differential transformer with described first adjustment value, and described first adjustment value put on described load detection unit, so that can detect data with described adjusted characteristic curve output load;
Slope calculation unit SCU is used for going out slope by the described load detection data computation from the output of described load detection unit;
Second comparator, be used for and compare with the slope that is recorded in described load detection data cell from the described slope of described slope calculation unit SCU output, and export the described characteristic slope error of described differential transformer and the variation of described slope error; And
Slope is adjusted processing unit, be used for determining that second adjustment value is to adjust from the described slope error of described second comparator output and the variation of described slope error, adjust the described characteristic curve of described differential transformer with described second adjustment value, and described second adjustment value put on described load detection data cell, so that detect data with described adjusted characteristic curve output load.
2, according to the weight-measuring device of claim 1, wherein said error is adjusted processing unit and is comprised the fuzzy control unit, is used to control the litura of people's logic of class, and described fuzzy control unit is used for determining described first adjustment value.
3, according to the weight-measuring device of claim 1, wherein said slope is adjusted processing unit and is comprised the fuzzy control unit, is used to control the litura of people's logic of class, and described fuzzy control unit is used for determining described second adjustment value.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1019920027620A KR960000253B1 (en) | 1992-12-31 | 1992-12-31 | Elevator load detection circuit |
KR27620/92 | 1992-12-31 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN1107118A true CN1107118A (en) | 1995-08-23 |
CN1042622C CN1042622C (en) | 1999-03-24 |
Family
ID=19348810
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN93121520A Expired - Fee Related CN1042622C (en) | 1992-12-31 | 1993-12-30 | Weight detecting apparatus for elevators |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JP3527524B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR960000253B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1042622C (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105658559A (en) * | 2013-09-23 | 2016-06-08 | 迪娜赛乐电子公司 | Method and arrangement for calibrating the load control system of a lift |
CN107963528A (en) * | 2017-10-23 | 2018-04-27 | 快意电梯股份有限公司 | Elevator weighing automatic calibrating method and system |
WO2018082106A1 (en) * | 2016-11-03 | 2018-05-11 | 江苏蒙哥马利电梯有限公司 | Overweight alarm device for elevator car |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR100404476B1 (en) * | 1999-01-29 | 2003-11-05 | 오티스엘지엘리베이터 유한회사 | Method for detecting load amount and load compensation amount of elevator |
JP4643782B2 (en) * | 1999-12-10 | 2011-03-02 | 株式会社キーエンス | Eddy current displacement meter and distance measurement method using it |
JP3997475B2 (en) * | 2002-06-20 | 2007-10-24 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Elevator load detection device |
CN103253567A (en) * | 2013-05-31 | 2013-08-21 | 广州日滨科技发展有限公司 | Method and system for acquiring elevator loads |
CN103900675B (en) * | 2014-05-12 | 2017-02-08 | 福州鑫奥特纳科技有限公司 | Novel lift weighing device detection method based on pliers-type lever mechanism |
JP6239058B1 (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2017-11-29 | 東芝エレベータ株式会社 | Elevator control device |
CN112061926A (en) * | 2020-09-03 | 2020-12-11 | 杭州本系机电工程有限公司 | Preventive detection and maintenance method for elevator |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5327062A (en) * | 1976-08-25 | 1978-03-13 | Kubota Ltd | Zero tracking circuit |
JPS59198325A (en) * | 1983-04-27 | 1984-11-10 | Ishida Scales Mfg Co Ltd | Automatic zero-point adjusting method |
US4667153A (en) * | 1985-05-17 | 1987-05-19 | Doyle James H | Automatic calibrator |
US4674605A (en) * | 1986-04-18 | 1987-06-23 | Otis Elevator Company | Automatic elevator load sensor calibration system |
-
1992
- 1992-12-31 KR KR1019920027620A patent/KR960000253B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1993
- 1993-12-28 JP JP33676293A patent/JP3527524B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-12-30 CN CN93121520A patent/CN1042622C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105658559A (en) * | 2013-09-23 | 2016-06-08 | 迪娜赛乐电子公司 | Method and arrangement for calibrating the load control system of a lift |
WO2018082106A1 (en) * | 2016-11-03 | 2018-05-11 | 江苏蒙哥马利电梯有限公司 | Overweight alarm device for elevator car |
CN107963528A (en) * | 2017-10-23 | 2018-04-27 | 快意电梯股份有限公司 | Elevator weighing automatic calibrating method and system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP3527524B2 (en) | 2004-05-17 |
JPH0725561A (en) | 1995-01-27 |
KR940014133A (en) | 1994-07-16 |
KR960000253B1 (en) | 1996-01-04 |
CN1042622C (en) | 1999-03-24 |
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