Preparation method of silicon-carbon cathode for lithium ion battery
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lithium ion battery production, in particular to a preparation method of a silicon-carbon cathode for a lithium ion battery.
Background
Compared with the graphite cathode material, the silicon-based cathode material has obvious energy density advantage. The theoretical energy density of the silicon negative electrode exceeds 10 times, and is up to 4200 mAh/g. However, the electrical conductivity of silicon is much worse than that of graphite, which results in large irreversible degree in the lithium ion deintercalation process, and the direct effect thereof is also to deteriorate the cycle life of the battery, and carbon-coated silicon materials or carbon-silicon alloys are generally adopted in the field to improve the performance of the silicon materials. In recent years, a silicon-carbon composite material has become one of the mainstream of the negative electrode when mixed with natural graphite, and the performance of the negative electrode is improved by utilizing the high energy density of the silicon material and the mature process performance of the carbon material.
Disclosure of Invention
On the basis, the invention provides a preparation method of a silicon-carbon negative electrode for a lithium ion battery, wherein the silicon-carbon negative electrode comprises a silicon-carbon composite material and natural graphite, the average particle size D50 of the silicon-carbon composite material is 1-3 μm, the average particle size D90 of the silicon-carbon composite material is 5-6 μm, and the average particle size D50 of the natural graphite is 16-18 μm, the preparation method comprises the steps of sieving the silicon-carbon composite material, wherein the aperture of a sieve mesh is the same as that of the D90 of the silicon-carbon composite material, collecting a material on the sieve mesh as a first material, and collecting a material under the sieve mesh as a second material; then, natural graphite is sieved, the aperture of a sieve mesh is the same as that of D90 of the silicon-carbon composite material, a material below the sieve mesh is collected as a second material, and the second material is mixed with the second material of the silicon-carbon composite material according to a certain proportion to prepare slurry 1; the material on the screen was then collected and sieved again, with a mesh size of 1.5 times D50 (graphite); collecting the material under the screen as a first material, and collecting the material on the screen and sieving again, wherein the mesh opening is 2 times of D50 (graphite); collecting the material below the screen, mixing the material with the first material of the silicon-carbon composite material and the first material of the natural graphite according to a certain proportion to prepare slurry 2, then coating the slurry 2 on a current collector, drying to obtain a first mixed layer, then coating the slurry 1, drying to obtain a second mixed layer, and carrying out hot pressing to obtain the cathode. The cathode prepared by the invention has good rate capability, strong interlayer binding force and good cycle life.
The specific scheme is as follows:
a preparation method of a silicon-carbon negative electrode for a lithium ion battery, the silicon-carbon negative electrode comprises a silicon-carbon composite material and natural graphite, wherein the average particle size D50 of the silicon-carbon composite material is 1-3 μm, the average particle size D90 of the silicon-carbon composite material is 5-6 μm, and the average particle size D50 of the natural graphite is 16-18 μm, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
1) sieving the silicon-carbon composite material, wherein the aperture of a sieve is the same as that of D90 of the silicon-carbon composite material, collecting the material on the sieve as a first material, and collecting the material under the sieve as a second material;
2) sieving natural graphite, wherein the aperture of a sieve mesh is the same as that of D90 of the silicon-carbon composite material, collecting a material below the sieve mesh as a second material, and mixing the material with the second material of the silicon-carbon composite material according to a certain proportion to prepare slurry 1;
3) the material on the screen was collected and sieved again, the mesh size being 1.5 times D50 (graphite); collecting the material under the screen as a first material;
4) collecting the material on the screen, sieving again, wherein the aperture of the screen is 2 times of that of D50 (graphite), collecting the material under the screen, and mixing the material with the first material of the silicon-carbon composite material and the first material of the natural graphite according to a certain proportion to prepare slurry 2;
5) coating the slurry 2 on the current collector, drying to obtain a first mixed layer, then coating the slurry 1, and drying to obtain a second mixed layer;
6) and hot-pressing the first mixed layer and the second mixed layer together to obtain the cathode.
Further, in the step 2, according to the mass ratio, the natural graphite: the silicon-carbon composite material is 100: 20-40.
Further, in the step 4, according to the mass ratio, the material below the screen: first carbon-silicon composite material: the first natural graphite material was 5-10:100: 15-30.
Further, in the step 2, the process of preparing the slurry 1 includes sequentially adding a dispersant, a conductive agent and a binder into a solvent, uniformly stirring, adding an active material, and uniformly stirring to obtain the slurry 1, wherein the active material: dispersing agent: conductive agent: the binder is 100:4-6:4-6: 6-7.
Further, in the step 4, the process of preparing the slurry 2 includes sequentially adding the dispersant, the conductive agent and the binder into the solvent, uniformly stirring, adding the active material, and uniformly stirring to obtain the slurry 2, wherein the active material: dispersing agent: conductive agent: the binder is 100:2-3:3-5: 3-5.
Further, the solvent is a mixed solution of water and ethanol, and the volume ratio of water: ethanol-10-8: 1.
Further, the thickness ratio of the first mixed layer to the second mixed layer is 5-10: 1.
A negative electrode characterized by being prepared by the method.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) the inventor finds that the silicon-carbon material and natural graphite mixed negative electrode can maximize various performances of the material by performing structural treatment on the negative electrode active layer, and stacking the active materials with different particle sizes and different proportions at different positions;
2) determining the optimal particle size distribution range and the component proportion of each layer through numerous tests of the inventor;
3) and through multiple screening, the particle size distribution of the raw material is graded, so that the requirement on the initial property of the raw material is reduced.
4) The preparation method is simple to operate and low in cost, and the obtained cathode is good in rate capability, strong in interlayer bonding force and good in cycle life.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to specific examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to these examples. Wherein, the average particle diameter D50 of the silicon-carbon composite material is 2 μm, the average particle diameter D90 of the silicon-carbon composite material is 6 μm, the average particle diameter D50 of the natural graphite is 16 μm, the solvent is a mixed solution of water and ethanol, and the volume ratio of water: ethanol ═ 9:1
Example 1
1) Sieving the silicon-carbon composite material, wherein the aperture of a sieve is 6 mu m, collecting the material on the sieve as a first material, and collecting the material under the sieve as a second material;
2) sieving natural graphite with a sieve mesh aperture of 6 μm, collecting the material under the sieve as a second material, according to the natural graphite: mixing the silicon-carbon composite material with a second material of the silicon-carbon composite material in a ratio of 100:20, adding CMC, acetylene black and PVDF into a solvent in sequence, adding an active substance after uniformly stirring, and uniformly stirring to obtain slurry 1, wherein the active substance: CMC: acetylene black: PVDF 100:4:4: 6;
3) collecting the materials on the screen and sieving again, wherein the aperture of the screen is 24 mu m; collecting the material under the screen as a first material;
4) the material above the collection screen was sieved again, with a screen pore size of 32 μm, and the material below the screen was collected: first carbon-silicon composite material: mixing the first natural graphite material with the first material of the silicon-carbon composite material and the first material of the natural graphite, adding CMC, acetylene black and PVDF into a solvent in sequence, adding an active substance after uniformly stirring, and uniformly stirring to obtain slurry 2, wherein the mass ratio of the active substance: CMC: acetylene black: PVDF 100:2:3: 3;
5) coating slurry 2 on a copper foil, drying to obtain a first mixed layer, then coating slurry 1, and drying to obtain a second mixed layer, wherein the thickness of the first mixed layer is 50 micrometers, and the thickness of the second mixed layer is 5 micrometers;
6) and hot-pressing the first mixed layer and the second mixed layer together to obtain the cathode.
Example 2
1) Sieving the silicon-carbon composite material, wherein the aperture of a sieve is 6 mu m, collecting the material on the sieve as a first material, and collecting the material under the sieve as a second material;
2) sieving natural graphite with a sieve mesh aperture of 6 μm, collecting the material under the sieve as a second material, according to the natural graphite: mixing the silicon-carbon composite material with a second material of the silicon-carbon composite material in a ratio of 100:40, adding CMC, acetylene black and PVDF into a solvent in sequence, adding an active substance after uniformly stirring, and uniformly stirring to obtain slurry 1, wherein the active substance: CMC: acetylene black: PVDF 100:6:6: 7;
3) collecting the materials on the screen and sieving again, wherein the aperture of the screen is 24 mu m; collecting the material under the screen as a first material;
4) the material above the collection screen was sieved again, with a screen pore size of 32 μm, and the material below the screen was collected: first carbon-silicon composite material: mixing the first natural graphite material with the first material of the silicon-carbon composite material and the first material of the natural graphite, adding CMC, acetylene black and PVDF into a solvent in sequence, adding an active substance after uniformly stirring, and uniformly stirring to obtain slurry 2, wherein the mass ratio of the active substance: CMC: acetylene black: PVDF 100:3:5: 5;
5) coating slurry 2 on a copper foil, drying to obtain a first mixed layer, then coating slurry 1, and drying to obtain a second mixed layer, wherein the thickness of the first mixed layer is 50 micrometers, and the thickness of the second mixed layer is 10 micrometers;
6) and hot-pressing the first mixed layer and the second mixed layer together to obtain the cathode.
Example 3
1) Sieving the silicon-carbon composite material, wherein the aperture of a sieve is 6 mu m, collecting the material on the sieve as a first material, and collecting the material under the sieve as a second material;
2) sieving natural graphite with a sieve mesh aperture of 6 μm, collecting the material under the sieve as a second material, according to the natural graphite: mixing the silicon-carbon composite material with a second material of the silicon-carbon composite material in a ratio of 100:30, adding CMC, acetylene black and PVDF into a solvent in sequence, adding an active substance after uniformly stirring, and uniformly stirring to obtain slurry 1, wherein the active substance: CMC: acetylene black: PVDF 100:5:5: 7;
3) collecting the materials on the screen and sieving again, wherein the aperture of the screen is 24 mu m; collecting the material under the screen as a first material;
4) the material above the collection screen was sieved again, with a screen pore size of 32 μm, and the material below the screen was collected: first carbon-silicon composite material: mixing the first natural graphite material with the first material of the silicon-carbon composite material and the first material of the natural graphite, adding CMC, acetylene black and PVDF into a solvent in sequence, adding an active substance after uniformly stirring, and uniformly stirring to obtain slurry 2, wherein the mass ratio of the active substance: CMC: acetylene black: PVDF 100:3:4: 4;
5) coating slurry 2 on a copper foil, drying to obtain a first mixed layer, then coating slurry 1, and drying to obtain a second mixed layer, wherein the thickness of the first mixed layer is 50 micrometers, and the thickness of the second mixed layer is 7 micrometers;
6) and hot-pressing the first mixed layer and the second mixed layer together to obtain the cathode.
Comparative example 1
Sequentially adding CMC, acetylene black and PVDF into a solvent, uniformly stirring, adding an active substance, and uniformly stirring to obtain a slurry, wherein the silicon-carbon composite material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: natural graphite: CMC: acetylene black: PVDF 40:60:3:4: 4; . Providing a copper foil, coating slurry on the surface of the copper foil, drying to obtain an active layer with the thickness of 60 mu m, and carrying out hot pressing to obtain the negative electrode.
Test and results
The electrode cut pieces of examples 1 to 3 and comparative example 1 were combined with a lithium sheet counter electrode to form a test cell, 1mol/L lithium hexafluorophosphate was used as an electrolyte salt, EC/EMC 1:1 was used as an electrolyte solution, and reversible capacities of the sheet at 1C and 2C were measured as shown in Table 1. As can be seen from Table 1, the ratio of the reversible capacity of 2C to the reversible capacity of 1C in comparative example 1 is significantly lower than that of examples 1 to 3. The capacity retention at 100 and 300 cycles at 1C is shown in table 2. it can be seen that the cycle performance of the cell of this example is significantly better than that of the cell of comparative example 1.
TABLE 1
TABLE 2
|
Cycle 100 (%)
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Cycle 300 (%)
|
Example 1
|
99.1
|
96.8
|
Example 2
|
99.0
|
96.5
|
Example 3
|
99.4
|
97.2
|
Comparative example 1
|
98.3
|
92.6 |
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the above description should not be taken as limiting the invention.