CN110706349A - Design method of three-dimensional elastic model of suspension tunnel and three-dimensional elastic model - Google Patents

Design method of three-dimensional elastic model of suspension tunnel and three-dimensional elastic model Download PDF

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CN110706349A
CN110706349A CN201911135758.5A CN201911135758A CN110706349A CN 110706349 A CN110706349 A CN 110706349A CN 201911135758 A CN201911135758 A CN 201911135758A CN 110706349 A CN110706349 A CN 110706349A
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structural member
dimensional elastic
model
elastic model
suspension tunnel
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CN110706349B (en
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林巍
周卓炜
张宁川
顾倩
王冠男
潘文博
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Dalian University of Technology
China Communications Construction Co Ltd
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Dalian University of Technology
China Communications Construction Co Ltd
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    • G06T17/00—Three dimensional [3D] modelling, e.g. data description of 3D objects
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Abstract

The invention relates to the field of suspension tunnel physical model tests, in particular to a design method of a suspension tunnel three-dimensional elastic model, a three-dimensional elastic model and a design method of a suspension tunnel. According to the design method of the three-dimensional elastic model, under the conditions that strict elasticity similarity is difficult to achieve and the suspension tunnel mainly focuses on deflection change, the bending rigidity similarity of the model and a prototype is considered, and the problem of elasticity similarity of the model is solved through the bending rigidity similarity, so that the three-dimensional elastic model capable of reflecting the real response rule of the suspension tunnel can be obtained, and the design and manufacturing difficulty of the design method is low. The three-dimensional elastic model of the suspension tunnel can be obtained by the design method, and can be used for guiding the design of the suspension tunnel.

Description

Design method of three-dimensional elastic model of suspension tunnel and three-dimensional elastic model
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of suspension tunnel physical model tests, and particularly relates to a design method of a suspension tunnel three-dimensional elastic model and the three-dimensional elastic model.
Background
The research on the suspension tunnel at home and abroad is limited to a mathematical prediction model and a two-dimensional water tank test, the research cannot completely obtain the real physical response rule of the suspension tunnel, and the development of a three-dimensional physical model test related to the suspension tunnel is very necessary and meaningful. At present, a three-dimensional physical model test concept of the suspension tunnel is not seen, the manufacturing of a three-dimensional elastic model is blank, the accurate and reliable three-dimensional elastic model is established, the basic condition for developing the three-dimensional physical model test of the suspension tunnel is provided, and the related research is almost zero.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defect that a more accurate real physical response rule of a suspended tunnel cannot be obtained because a test idea of a three-dimensional physical model of the suspended tunnel is not available in the prior art, and provides a design method of a three-dimensional elastic model of the suspended tunnel and an elastic model, which take the elasticity of the suspended tunnel into consideration, thereby being beneficial to obtaining a more accurate research result aiming at the real physical response rule of the suspended tunnel.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a design method of a three-dimensional elastic model of a suspension tunnel comprises the following steps:
s1, determining a size scaling ratio lambda and size, gravity and bending rigidity parameters of a prototype used for simulation by the three-dimensional elastic model of the suspension tunnel;
s2, calculating model parameters according to the size reduction ratio lambda and the prototype parameters, wherein the method comprises the following steps of S21, S22 and S23:
s21, determining the bending rigidity of the three-dimensional elastic model of the suspension tunnel to enable the bending rigidity to meet the first condition:
Figure BDA0002279553440000011
wherein, KpBending stiffness of the prototype, KmIs the flexural rigidity of the model;
s22, determining the gravity of the three-dimensional elastic model of the suspension tunnel to enable the gravity to meet the second condition:
wherein G ispFor the prototype gravity, GmIs the model gravity;
s23, determining the cross section size of the three-dimensional elastic model of the suspension tunnel to enable the cross section size to meet the third condition:
Figure BDA0002279553440000013
wherein lpLinear dimensions of the prototype, /)mIs the model linear dimension;
the order of step S21, step S22, and step S23 may be reversed.
In the prior art, the related experience of carrying out a three-dimensional elastic model test of a suspension tunnel is not used for reference. The inventor finds that the following problems exist in the three-dimensional physical model test of the suspension tunnel in the process of implementing the invention: on one hand, for other conventional research objects in an underwater physical model test, the underwater physical model is usually manufactured according to a certain scale ratio and a similar Floude (Froude) criterion, and the elastic similarity of the model is not considered; however, for a long span of suspended tunnels, ignoring elastic similarities will lead to inaccuracies in the experimental conclusions. On the other hand, unlike the physical model experiment performed in the air, for the underwater model, since the density of water is not negligible, under the condition that the gravity is considered to be similar, the complete elasticity similarity (i.e., the complete conformity to the elasticity similarity criterion) is difficult to achieve. For the suspension tunnel, the deformation mainly concerned is the deflection change condition of the suspension tunnel under the action of the acting force of waves or rammers, and therefore, the bending rigidity similarity is adopted in the application to treat the elasticity similarity problem of the model, namely: the bending rigidity of the three-dimensional elastic model of the suspension tunnel is made similar to that of the prototype through the first structural member, and in the case where the bending rigidity of the model is similar to that of the prototype, the model is considered to be elastically similar to the prototype.
The prototype of the invention refers to: in the experiment, the design parameters of a suspension tunnel are determined by considering the material and the design size of the suspension tunnel possibly adopted in the actual engineering and the simulation capability of the experimental environment, and the suspension tunnel is used as a prototype. The third condition is that: the ratio between any corresponding dimension of the model and the prototype is a constant lambda. When the relation between the model and the prototype satisfies the condition three, that is, the model is geometrically similar to the prototype.
The second condition is that: the total gravity of the model and the total gravity of the prototype satisfy the Froude similarity criterion, i.e. the ratio of the total gravity of the model and the total gravity of the prototype is lambda3. When the relationship between the model and the prototype satisfies the condition three, that is, the total weight of the model and the prototype satisfies the Froude similarity criterion.
The first condition means that the ratio of the bending rigidity of the model to the bending rigidity of the prototype satisfies the elastic force similarity criterion, i.e. the ratio of the bending rigidity of the model to the bending rigidity of the prototype is lambda5. When the relation between the model and the prototype satisfies the condition three, that is, the model is geometrically similar to the prototype. And when the relation between the model and the prototype meets the condition three, namely the bending rigidity of the model and the prototype meets the elastic similarity criterion.
It should be noted that the third condition, the second condition and the first condition are theoretical requirements, and in actual model making, errors inevitably exist, and a person skilled in the art can determine an allowable error range according to machining accuracy and making difficulty allowed by experiments.
As a preferable aspect of the present invention, the above designing method further includes the steps of:
s3, determining the shape, size and material of the first structural member, so that the bending rigidity of the first structural member meets the requirement of the first condition, and the size of the cross section of the first structural member is smaller than or equal to the size of the cross section required by the third condition;
s4, determining the shape, size and material of a third structural member, wherein the third structural member is arranged on the outer side of the first structural member and is used for enabling the cross section size of the three-dimensional elastic model of the suspension tunnel to meet a third condition;
s5, determining the shape, size and material of a second structural member, wherein the second structural member enables the total weight of the three-dimensional elastic model of the suspension tunnel to meet a second condition;
after the above steps are completed, step S6 is performed:
and S6, connecting the structural components to form a three-dimensional elastic model of the suspension tunnel, so that the three-dimensional elastic model of the suspension tunnel simultaneously meets the conditions I, II and I.
As a preferable aspect of the present invention, after the end of step S3, if the first structural member can satisfy both the third condition and the second condition, step S4 and step S5 are skipped; if the first structural member cannot satisfy both the third condition and the second condition, step S4 and/or step S5 is performed. The inventor also finds that in underwater experiments, for the existing common engineering materials, the condition one, the condition two and the condition three are difficult to be simultaneously met by the same material or structure, so that the problem of similar bending rigidity of the model is solved through the first structural member and the problem of similar elasticity of the model is considered to be solved; and when the first structural member cannot simultaneously meet the second condition and the third condition, a second structural member and/or a third structural member are arranged, and the first structural member and the second structural member and/or the third structural member act together to enable the whole three-dimensional elastic model of the suspension tunnel to meet the requirements of the first condition, the second condition and the third condition. Through the design method, the geometric similarity of the model, the total weight meeting the Froude criterion and the bending rigidity meeting the elastic similarity criterion can be met through two to three different components, so that the requirements on model materials can be reduced, various similarities of the model can be conveniently and respectively adjusted, and the design difficulty is reduced. The "first structural member fails to satisfy both the second condition and the third condition" in the above design method means that: the first structural member can only meet the first condition, cannot meet the second condition and the third condition; or the first structural member can only satisfy the first condition and the second condition; or the first structural member can only satisfy the condition one and the condition three.
In the design process, the second structural member and the third structural member are prevented from generating obvious influence on the integral rigidity of the suspension tunnel. In particular, the second and third structural members may be made of a material having a substantially lower stiffness than the first structural member, or the second and/or third structural members may be arranged in a plurality of spliced, unconnected structures such that the stiffness of the second and third structural members is negligible relative to the stiffness of the first structural member.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, if the first structural member does not satisfy the condition three nor the condition two, the step S4 is performed first, and then the step S5 is performed. Namely: the shape, the material and the size of the first structural member and the third structural member are determined, and then the gravity required to be provided by the second structural member is calculated according to the calculated total gravity of the model, so that the shape, the material and the size of the second structural member are determined.
As a preferred solution of the present application, the allowable error range of the experiment is set to 5%, that is, the range of values of the ratio between any length dimension of the model and the corresponding length dimension of the prototype is: greater than or equal to 0.95 λ and less than or equal to 1.05 λ; the value range of the ratio of the model total gravity to the prototype total gravity is as follows: greater than or equal to 0.95 lambda3And is less than or equal to 1.05 lambda3(ii) a The value range of the ratio of the bending rigidity of the model to the bending rigidity of the prototype is as follows: greater than or equal to 0.95 lambda5And is less than or equal to 1.05 lambda5。
As a preferable aspect of the present invention, in step S6: and arranging a strain measuring device on the first structural member, wherein the strain measuring device comprises a plurality of strain gauges which are uniformly distributed in the axial direction and the circumferential direction of the three-dimensional elastic model of the suspension tunnel. The strain gauge is arranged on the first structural member, and the strain gauge can be used for measuring the deformation of the first structural member to obtain the response of the model under the action of external force such as water flow or impact.
As a preferable embodiment of the present invention, after the step S6 is finished, the method further includes the steps of: and coating a waterproof layer on the surface of the three-dimensional elastic model of the suspension tunnel.
As a preferable aspect of the present invention, in the step S5, the second structural member is configured as a plurality of weight blocks. Through foretell scheme, when the experiment, can also reach the purpose of the prototype of simulation different weight through the number of adjustment balancing weight, be favorable to carrying out the experiment under water in suspension tunnel under the different buoyant weight ratio.
As a preferable scheme of the present invention, a plurality of the balancing weights are distributed along a length direction of the three-dimensional elastic model of the suspension tunnel. Through the scheme, the second structural part can enable the gravity of the model to be distributed relatively uniformly in the axial direction, so that the distribution of the gravity of the model in the axial direction is closer to a prototype.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S4, the bending rigidity of the third structural member is not more than 5% of the bending rigidity of the first structural member. Through the scheme, the bending rigidity of the third structural member cannot obviously influence the whole bending rigidity, so that the accuracy of an experimental result is favorably ensured.
The application also provides a three-dimensional elasticity model of suspension tunnel, it includes: a first structural member for providing bending stiffness of the model; and the third structural member is sleeved on the first structural member and used for providing the appearance of the model. The three-dimensional elastic model of the suspension tunnel has the advantages that the geometric similarity, the total weight and the bending rigidity accord with the Froude criterion, the elasticity similarity can be met through different components, the requirements on model materials can be reduced, various similarities of the model can be conveniently and respectively adjusted, and accordingly the design difficulty is reduced.
The first structural member is used for providing rigidity of the three-dimensional elastic model of the suspension tunnel, namely: the ratio of the rigidity of the first structural member to the overall rigidity of the suspended tunnel elastic model reaches a preset range, so that the overall rigidity of the suspended tunnel model can be considered to be substantially provided by the first structural member. Specifically, the ratio of the rigidity of the first structural member to the rigidity of the whole suspension tunnel elastic model may be not less than 95%.
The third structural member is used for providing the appearance of the three-dimensional elastic model of the suspension tunnel, namely: the maximum size of the three-dimensional elastic model of the suspension tunnel is determined by the third structural member; or, in the experiment, the maximum size of the part of the model subjected to the water flow load, which affects the deformation of the suspension tunnel, is determined by the third structural member.
As a preferable aspect of the present invention, the first structural member is constructed in a cylindrical or circular tube structure.
As a preferred aspect of the present invention, the first structural member includes a joint and at least two pipe sections, the at least two pipe sections being connected by the joint; the ratio of the difference between the tensile strength of the joint and the tensile strength of the pipe section to the tensile strength of the pipe section is less than or equal to 5%, or the ratio of the difference between the bending stiffness of the joint and the bending stiffness of the pipe section to the bending stiffness of the pipe section is less than or equal to 5%; when the two pipe sections are connected together through the joint, a gap exists between the end faces of the two adjacent pipe sections. The prototype of the levitation tunnel tends to be longer, and thus a longer model is required in order to more accurately simulate the prototype. The processing cost of the long pipe is very high, and the long pipe meeting the experimental requirements can be formed by splicing relatively short pipe sections through the scheme that the pipe sections are connected with the joints, so that the experimental cost is reduced. By the scheme, when two pipe sections are connected together through the joint, the bending rigidity of the pipeline model can be enhanced at the thread matching section of the pipe sections and the joint. However, in the experiment, the relatively weak part is often more concerned, so that a gap is arranged between two adjacent pipe sections, and only the joint on the first structural member is used for providing the bending rigidity or the tensile strength, so that the tensile strength or the bending rigidity of the joint connection part can be well simulated by designing the joint with equal rigidity or equal strength.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, one end of the joint is provided with a forward-rotation thread used for being connected with one pipe section, and the other end of the joint is provided with a reverse-rotation thread used for being connected with the other pipe section; the first structural member further comprises a locking member; the locking piece comprises at least two locknuts, wherein one locknut is connected with one of the pipe sections and is in contact with the end face of one end of the joint; and the other locknut is connected with the other pipe section and is in contact with the end surface of the other end of the joint. . Through the structure, when the joint and the pipe sections are assembled, one pipe section is arranged at one end of the joint, the other pipe section is arranged at the other end of the joint, and the joint is rotated in one direction, so that the pipe sections at two ends can be connected simultaneously, and the operation is convenient. The screw thread that utilizes to connect the both ends difference revolves to, sets up two nuts and carries out locking, can effectively avoid connecting not hard up the condition emergence.
Specifically, the material of the first structural member may be 304 stainless steel.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the third structural member is configured as a hollow cylindrical structure, and an inner surface of the third structural member is fitted to an outer surface of the first structural member.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the third structural member is a structural body made of foamed plastic, and the third structural member is made of a material having a water absorption rate of 3% or less. The third structural member material is selected to be a material with low water absorption rate, so that the phenomenon that the total weight of the model is influenced by excessive water absorption during an underwater experiment is avoided.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the three-dimensional elastic model of the suspension tunnel further comprises a tension ring, the tension ring is sleeved outside the third structural member, and the tension ring is provided with a mooring lug. In the experimental study in suspension tunnel, need through the anchor rope with suspension tunnel anchor on the flotation pontoon of pond bottom or surface of water, if the third structural component adopts the material that density is lighter to constitute, then the third structural component probably can't directly bear great anchor power, consequently, sets up the tension ring in this application, sets up the mooring rope ear on the tension ring, bears the pulling force through the tension ring, avoids damaging the third structural component.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, one end of the force transmission column is in contact with an outer surface of the first structural member, and the other end of the force transmission column is in contact with an inner surface of the tension ring. In the experiment of the physical model of the suspension tunnel, experiments such as impact or knocking and the like may be required, the third structural member is covered on the outer side of the first structural member, the third structural member is made of a material with lower rigidity, and external force is difficult to be fully applied to the first structural member. The force transmission column is only kept in contact with the first structural member and the tension ring but not connected with the first structural member and the tension ring, so that the transmission of external force can be ensured, and the influence of the force transmission column on the bending rigidity of the first structural member and the whole model can be avoided.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the three-dimensional elastic model of the suspended tunnel further comprises a second structural member, and the second structural member is connected with the third structural member. And the second structural member is used for enabling the total weight of the model to meet the requirement of the second condition. And when the requirements of the first condition and the second condition cannot be met simultaneously through the first structural part, independently setting the second structural part and adjusting the gravity of the model.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, a groove matched with the balancing weight is formed on the third structural member, and the balancing weight is arranged in the groove.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the third structural member has a groove formed thereon, the groove being adapted to a second structural member, and the second structural member is disposed in the groove. Through set up the recess on the third structural component, both can reserve the space for the installation of second structural component, can avoid setting up of second structural component to influence the whole overall dimension of suspension tunnel three-dimensional elastic model again.
As a preferable aspect of the present invention, the weight member is configured as a ring structure.
As a preferable aspect of the present invention, the third structural member includes a large-diameter ring and a small-diameter ring, the large-diameter ring and the small-diameter ring are distributed in an axial direction of the three-dimensional elastic model of the suspension tunnel, and a groove is formed at the small-diameter ring; the outer diameter of the small-diameter ring is matched with the inner diameter of the balancing weight, and the outer diameter of the large-diameter ring is matched with the outer diameter of the balancing weight. Through foretell scheme, during the installation, each balancing weight and minor diameter ring adaptation, and the internal diameter of balancing weight ring equals with the internal diameter of major diameter ring for the holistic appearance of suspension tunnel three-dimensional elastic model after the installation demonstrates cylindrically, thereby simulates the prototype better.
As a preferable aspect of the present invention, the weight blocks are configured as a block structure, and the weight blocks are uniformly distributed in a circumferential direction of the three-dimensional elastic model of the suspension tunnel.
The invention also provides another suspension tunnel three-dimensional elastic model which is designed by the suspension tunnel three-dimensional elastic model design method and comprises the following steps: the first structural member is used for providing the appearance and the rigidity of the three-dimensional elastic model of the suspended tunnel; and the second structural member is connected with the first structural member and is used for adjusting the gravity of the three-dimensional elastic model of the suspended tunnel. Through the scheme, the first structural member is used for meeting the requirements of geometric similarity and bending rigidity similarity, the number of structural bodies adopted in the model can be reduced, and the model structure is simpler. On the basis, the ratio of the total weight force of the model to the total weight force of the prototype meets the Froude similarity criterion through the second structural member.
The first structural member is used for providing rigidity and appearance of the three-dimensional elastic model of the suspension tunnel, namely: the ratio of the rigidity of the first structural member to the overall rigidity of the suspended tunnel elastic model reaches a preset range, so that the overall rigidity of the suspended tunnel model can be considered to be substantially provided by the first structural member. Specifically, the ratio of the rigidity of the first structural member to the rigidity of the whole suspension tunnel elastic model can be not lower than 95%; meanwhile, the first structural member determines the maximum size of the three-dimensional elastic model of the levitation tunnel, or the first structural member determines the maximum size of the part of the model subjected to the water flow load, which may affect the deformation of the levitation tunnel.
As a preferable aspect of the present invention, the second structural member includes at least two weight blocks, the weight blocks are configured as a ring-shaped plate structure, and the weight blocks are sleeved on and connected to the first structural member. In this kind of design, the size of balancing weight although can be greater than the size of first structural component, nevertheless because the balancing weight structure is cyclic annular plate structure, when rivers acted on the model along the axial direction of perpendicular to model, can think that the balancing weight does not have the influence or influence can be neglected to rivers to think that the model is whole still to satisfy the geometric similarity, can obtain comparatively reliable experimental result.
The invention also provides a design method of the suspension tunnel, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, setting initial values of design parameters of a suspension tunnel according to working conditions;
step two, taking the initial values in the step one as prototype parameters for simulation, and designing the model according to the design method of any one of claims 1 to 7;
step three, carrying out verification on the basis of the model, if the verification result does not meet the set requirement, adjusting the initial value in the step one, and carrying out the step two and the step three again; and if the verification result meets the set requirement, designing the suspension tunnel according to the initial value meeting the set requirement.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
the design method of the three-dimensional elastic model of the suspension tunnel provided by the invention considers the elastic similarity, thereby being beneficial to obtaining a more accurate experimental structure. Meanwhile, when the first structural member is difficult to simultaneously meet the first condition, the second condition and the third condition, a second structural member and/or a third structural member can be additionally arranged, so that the elastic model of the suspension tunnel integrally meets the requirements of the first condition, the second condition and the third condition, and the experiment cost is favorably reduced;
the three-dimensional elastic model of the suspension tunnel provided by the invention considers the elasticity similarity, so that a more accurate experimental result is obtained, and in addition, under the conditions that the strict elasticity similarity is difficult to realize and the deflection change of the suspension tunnel is mainly concerned, the elasticity similarity of the suspension tunnel can be realized through common engineering materials by adopting the bending rigidity similarity to process the elasticity similarity problem of the model.
The invention also provides a design method of the suspension tunnel, which is based on the model design method and is used for verifying the model after the model is designed, so that the design of the suspension tunnel can be guided.
Description of the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a three-dimensional elastic pipeline model of a suspension tunnel provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention after a waterproof layer is removed.
Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken along section a-a in fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken along the section B-B in fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a sectional view taken along the section C-C in fig. 2.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the connection of the coupling to the pipe section.
Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the fitting and the locknut.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the suspension tunnel three-dimensional elastic pipe model provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention after being coated with a waterproof layer.
Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the three-dimensional elastic pipe model of the levitation tunnel provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention, the cross-sectional view being taken along a plane in the axial direction.
Fig. 9 is a partially enlarged view of a portion D in fig. 8.
Fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a three-dimensional elastic pipe model of a suspension tunnel provided in example 2 of the present invention after a waterproof layer is removed.
Fig. 11 is a sectional view taken along section E-E.
Fig. 12 is a cross-sectional view of the three-dimensional elastic pipe model of the levitation tunnel provided in embodiment 2 of the present invention, the cross-sectional view being taken along a plane in the axial direction.
Fig. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a three-dimensional elastic pipeline model of a suspension tunnel provided in embodiment 3 of the present invention after a waterproof layer is removed.
Fig. 14 is a sectional view taken along the G-G section.
Fig. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of a three-dimensional elastic model of a suspension tunnel according to embodiment 4 of the present invention.
Fig. 16 is a sectional view taken along section F-F.
Icon: 1-a first structural member; 11-a pipe section; 12-a linker; 13-locknuts; 2-a second structural member; 21-a counterweight block; 3-a third structural member; 31-large diameter ring; 32-small diameter ring; 4-a tension ring; 41-a mooring lug; 5-a force transmission column; 6-strain gauge; 7-waterproof layer.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to test examples and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the scope of the above-described subject matter is not limited to the following examples, and any techniques implemented based on the disclosure of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 to 9, an embodiment of the present invention provides a three-dimensional elastic model of a suspension tunnel, which is similar to a prototype in geometry, has a ratio of total gravity satisfying a florode similarity criterion, and has a ratio of bending stiffness satisfying an elastic similarity criterion. The prototype described in this embodiment refers to: in the experiment, the material and the design size of the suspension tunnel which can be adopted in the actual engineering and the simulation capability of the experimental environment are considered, and the material and the size of the suspension tunnel which is used for simulation in the experiment are selected. The three-dimensional elastic model of the suspension tunnel in the embodiment is designed and obtained through the following steps:
s1, determining a size scaling ratio lambda and size, gravity and bending rigidity parameters of a prototype used for simulation by the three-dimensional elastic model of the suspension tunnel;
in this embodiment, in combination with the simulation capability of the experimental environment, the design parameters of the prototype are: the cross section is designed into two lanes, the outer diameter is 12.6m, the inner diameter is 10.6m, the material is C60 concrete, the elastic modulus is 36.0GPa, and the bending rigidity Kp＝2.22×1013Nm2The weight is designed according to the net buoyancy of 10, 20 and 30t/m per linear meter. The scale ratio is 50.
S2, calculating model parameters according to the size reduction ratio lambda and the prototype parameters, wherein the method comprises the following steps of S21, S22 and S23:
s21, determining the bending rigidity of the three-dimensional elastic model of the suspension tunnel to enable the bending rigidity to meet the first condition:
wherein, KpBending stiffness of the prototype, KmIs the flexural rigidity of the model;
s22, determining the gravity of the three-dimensional elastic model of the suspension tunnel to enable the gravity to meet the second condition:
Figure BDA0002279553440000072
wherein G ispFor the prototype gravity, GmIs the model gravity;
s23, determining the cross section size of the three-dimensional elastic model of the suspension tunnel to enable the cross section size to meet the third condition:
Figure BDA0002279553440000073
wherein lpLinear dimensions of the prototype, /)mIs the model linear dimension;
the sequence of the step S21, the step S22 and the step S23 can be exchanged;
s3, determining the shape, the size and the material of the first structural member 1, enabling the bending rigidity of the first structural member 1 to meet the requirement of the step S21, and enabling the cross section size of the first structural member 1 to be smaller than or equal to the size of the cross section required by the condition III;
in this embodiment, the material of the first structural member 1 is 304 stainless steel, and the shape is provided as a solid cylinder. The condition one can derive the cross-sectional dimension of the first structural member 1 inversely. The first structural member 1 is used to provide the stiffness of the three-dimensional elastic model of the suspended tunnel, namely: the ratio of the rigidity of the first structural member 1 to the overall rigidity of the suspended tunnel elastic model reaches a predetermined range, so that it can be considered that the overall rigidity of the suspended tunnel model is substantially provided by the first structural member 1. In the present embodiment, the ratio of the rigidity of the first structural member 1 to the rigidity of the whole of the suspended tunnel elastic model is not less than 95%.
The inventor has calculated that when the material is selected to be 304 stainless steel, the cross-sectional dimension of the first structural member 1 meeting the first condition is smaller than that of the second condition, and the gravity is smaller than that of the third condition. Therefore, steps S4 and S5 are performed, step S4 is performed first, and step S5 is performed:
s4, determining the shape, size and material of a third structural member 3, wherein the third structural member 3 is arranged on the outer side of the first structural member 1 and used for enabling the cross section size of the three-dimensional elastic model of the suspension tunnel to meet a third condition;
the third structural member 3 is used for providing the appearance of the three-dimensional elastic model of the suspension tunnel, namely: the maximum size of the three-dimensional elastic model of the levitation tunnel is determined by the third structural member 3.
In the present embodiment, the maximum cross-sectional dimension of the third structural member 3 is set to be the maximum cross-sectional dimension of the three-dimensional elastic model of the levitation tunnel. The material of the third structural member 3 is selected to be foamed plastic. Compared with the 304 stainless steel material selected for the first structural member 1, the foamed plastic has small bending rigidity and gravity, and has small influence on the whole bending rigidity and gravity of the suspension tunnel model. In order to avoid the influence of excessive water absorption of the foamed plastic on the total gravity, the water absorption rate of the selected foamed plastic is less than 3%. The bending stiffness of the third structural member 3 is not more than 5% of the bending stiffness of the first structural member 1.
S5, determining the shape, size and material of a second structural part 2, wherein the second structural part 2 enables the total weight of the three-dimensional elastic model of the suspension tunnel to meet a second condition;
according to the requirement of the second condition and the total gravity of the first structural member 1 and the third structural member 3 selected currently, calculating to obtain a difference value between the sum of the gravity of the first structural member 1 and the gravity of the third structural member 3 and the model gravity required by the second condition, wherein the difference value is the gravity required to be provided by the second structural member 2;
further, the second structural member 2 is constructed as a plurality of weights.
S6, connecting the structural components, wherein the three-dimensional elastic model of the suspension tunnel simultaneously meets a third condition, a second condition and a first condition;
specifically, a strain measurement device is arranged on the first structural member 1, the strain measurement device comprises a plurality of strain gauges 6, and the strain gauges 6 are uniformly distributed in the axial direction and the circumferential direction of the three-dimensional elastic model of the suspension tunnel;
the third structural member 3 is disposed outside the first structural member 1, and then a plurality of grooves are provided in the axial direction on the third structural member 3, and the respective weights are placed in the grooves.
In order to prevent the foamed plastic from being damaged by pulling during the test, a tension ring is further arranged on the second structural part 2. In order to ensure that the pulling force can be accurately transmitted to the first structural member 1 from the surface, the deformation condition of the first structural member 1 is more real, and the rigidity of the first structural member 1 is not influenced, a force transmission column is arranged at a position corresponding to the position of the pulling force ring, one end of the force transmission column is in contact with the first structural member 1 but is not connected, and the other end of the force transmission column is in contact with the pulling force ring but is not connected;
and a waterproof layer 7 is coated on the outer surface of the three-dimensional elastic model of the suspension tunnel.
Through the design method, the three-dimensional elastic model of the suspension tunnel in the embodiment is obtained, and comprises a first structural member 1, a second structural member 2, a third structural member 3, a force transmission column 5, a tension ring 4, a strain measurement device and a waterproof layer 7.
The first structural member 1 is used to provide the bending stiffness of the three-dimensional elastic model of the suspension tunnel.
The first structural element 1 comprises a coupling 12, a locking element and at least two pipe sections 11, the at least two pipe sections 11 being connected by the coupling 12. In the present embodiment, the pipe segment 11 is of a solid cylindrical structure. Specifically, one end of the pipe section 11 is provided with a forward-rotation thread, and the other end of the pipe section 11 is provided with a reverse-rotation thread. One end of the joint 12 is provided with a forward thread, and the other end of the joint 12 is provided with a reverse thread. The bending stiffness of the joint 12 is equal to the bending stiffness of the pipe section 11. When the pipe sections 11 are joined together by the joint 12, a gap exists between two adjacent pipe sections 11. In this embodiment, the width of the slit is 1 mm. In other embodiments of the present invention, the width of the slit can be reasonably selected by those skilled in the art according to practical situations. The locking piece comprises two locknuts 13, one of which is contacted with the end surface of one end of the joint 12 and is connected with the pipe section 11 at the end; the other is in contact with the end face of the other end of the coupling 12 and is connected to the pipe section 11 at that end. As can be seen from the above arrangement, the two locknuts 13 have opposite screw directions, and when the locknut 13 abuts against the joint 12, the tightening action on the joint 12 can be performed.
The bending stiffness of the joint 12 and the bending stiffness of the pipe section 11 in the present embodiment are equal, not absolutely equal, but allow for some variation, taking into account machining tolerances and the like. Specifically, the bending stiffness of the joint 12 has a value range of: greater than or equal to 0.95 times the bending stiffness of the pipe segment 11 and less than or equal to 1.05 times the stiffness of the pipe segment 11.
In this embodiment, the first structural member 1 is made of 304 stainless steel. Based on the elastic modulus of the 304 stainless steel material and the design bending stiffness of the prototype, the moment of area inertia that the first structural member 1 should have at similar bending stiffness can be calculated to derive the diameter of the pipe section 11 of the first structural member 1.
The strain gauge includes a plurality of strain gauges 6, and the plurality of strain gauges 6 are provided on the first structural member 1. The plurality of strain gauges 6 are evenly distributed in the axial direction and the circumferential direction of the first structural member 1.
The second structural member 2 is used for adjusting the gravity of the three-dimensional elastic model of the suspended tunnel. Specifically, in the present embodiment, the second structural member 2 includes a plurality of weight blocks 21. In the present embodiment, the weight 21 is configured as a ring structure.
The third structural member 3 is used for providing the appearance of the three-dimensional elastic model of the suspension tunnel. In this embodiment, since the material of the first structural member 1 is 304 stainless steel, and on the premise that the bending stiffness of the first structural member 1 is similar to that of the prototype, the diameter of the first structural member 1 does not meet the requirement of geometric similarity (i.e., condition three), in this embodiment, the third structural member 3 is provided to meet the geometric similarity of the model and the prototype. The third structural member 3 is sleeved outside the first structural member 1.
The material of the third structural member 3 is selected from foamed plastics with water absorption rate not higher than 3%, and the foamed plastics have the characteristic of easy forming, so that the foamed plastics can be processed into irregular structures to adapt to the shape of the joint 12 of the first structural member 1 and can also adapt to the requirements of underwater experiments.
Further, in order to meet the installation requirements of the second structural member 2, the third structural member 3 is arranged as follows: the third structural member 3 includes a large-diameter ring 31 and a small-diameter ring 32. The ratio of the outer diameter of the large-diameter ring 31 to the diameter of the prototype is a reduction ratio. The outer diameter of the small-diameter ring 32 is matched with the inner diameter of the balancing weight 21, and the ratio of the outer diameter of the balancing weight 21 to the diameter of the prototype is a scale ratio. During installation, the small-diameter ring 32 and the balancing weight 21 are spliced to form a circular ring with the inner diameter matched with the first structural member 1 and the ratio of the outer diameter to the diameter of the prototype being the reduction ratio, and the balancing weight 21 is uniformly distributed in the axial direction of the model. The number of the large-diameter rings 31 and the small-diameter rings 32 may be set to several to meet actual assembly needs.
The uniform distribution of the weights 21 in the axial direction of the model explained in the present embodiment is to make the mass distribution of the model substantially uniform in the axial direction of the model. In the experiment, a person skilled in the art can adjust or design the distribution position of the counterweight 21 in the axial direction of the model according to actual conditions, but does not need to maintain an absolutely uniform distribution.
The third structural member 3 is also provided with a containing groove for placing the force transmission column 5. One end of the receiving groove penetrates the inner surface of the third structural member 3, and the other end penetrates the outer surface of the third structural member 3. The force transmission column 5 is arranged in the containing groove. In the axial direction of the model, the position of the tension ring 4 corresponds to the position of the force transmission column 5. One end of the force transmission column 5 is in contact with the surface of the first structural member 1, and the other end of the force transmission column 5 is in contact with the inner surface of the tension ring 4. It should be noted that the force transmission column 5 is only in contact with the first structural member 1 and the tension ring 4, and is not connected. Specifically, in the present embodiment, the force transmission column 5 is made of 304 stainless steel material, and the tension ring 4 is made of 304 stainless steel material.
In order to facilitate the connection of the tension ring 4, an annular groove for connecting the tension ring 4 is also provided on the surface of the third structural member 3. Specifically, the outer diameter of the third structural member 3 at the annular groove is equal to the inner diameter of the tension ring 4, and the ratio of the outer diameter of the tension ring 4 to the diameter of the prototype is a reduced scale ratio, so that the diameter of the entire model is constant. Namely: the outer diameter of the tension ring 4 is equal to the outer diameter of the large-diameter ring 31, and the outer diameter of the tension ring 4 is equal to the outer diameter of the weight member 21 in the present embodiment. The tension ring 4 comprises at least two ring halves which are detachably connected to each other so as to form the tension ring 4 by splicing. The outer surface of the tension ring 4 is provided with a mooring lug 41, and the mooring lug 41 is used for connecting with a mooring rope.
In this embodiment, the tension ring 4 comprises two ring halves, which are connected by screws.
The waterproof layer 7 is coated on the surface of the three-dimensional elastic model of the suspension tunnel, so that the whole model is waterproof. Specifically, the material of the waterproof layer 7 may be a textile material with waterproof capability, and is coated on the surface of the model by means of adhesion. At the mooring lug 41, two waterproof layers 7 are overlapped and bonded, so that the waterproof layers 7 can bypass the mooring lug 41, the mooring lug 41 is exposed on the surface of the waterproof layer 7, and meanwhile, water is prevented from permeating into the interior of the model from the mooring lug 41.
In order to apply different constraints to the two ends of the model in the experiment, in this embodiment, additional pipe sections 11 may be added to the two ends of the first structural member 1, so as to apply end constraints.
The assembly process of the three-dimensional elastic model of the suspension tunnel provided by the embodiment is as follows:
connecting a plurality of pipe sections 11 through joints 12 to form a first structural member 1 in an assembled manner;
sticking a strain gauge 6 on the first structural member 1;
the second structural member 2 and the third structural member 3 are installed. Specifically, the second structural member 2 can be axially divided into a plurality of sections according to the assembly requirement, and the first structural member 1 is sequentially sleeved with the second structural member. While sleeving the small-diameter ring 32, installing the balancing weight 21 at the corresponding position;
installing a force transmission column 5;
installing a tension ring 4;
and a waterproof layer 7 is coated.
After determining the material and the size of the first structural member 1, a deflection test needs to be performed on the first structural member 1 to verify whether the bending stiffness of the first structural member 1 meets the requirement, and the deflection test on the first structural member 1 comprises the following steps:
the flexural rigidity of the first structural member 1 can be obtained by fixing one end of the first structural member 1, applying a load in the radial direction of the first structural member 1 to the other end, measuring the deflection with a deflection tester, or measuring the acceleration at a certain point on the free end of the first structural member 1 with an acceleration.
After the model is assembled, the deflection test needs to be carried out on the whole three-dimensional elastic model, whether the bending rigidity of the whole pipeline of the model meets the requirement is verified, and the deflection test on the whole three-dimensional elastic model comprises the following steps:
one end of the three-dimensional elastic model is fixed, a load along the radial direction of the three-dimensional elastic model is applied to the other end, the deflection is measured through a deflection tester, and the acceleration of a certain point on the free end of the three-dimensional elastic model can also be measured through the acceleration, so that the bending rigidity of the three-dimensional elastic model can be obtained.
The suspension tunnel three-dimensional elastic model provided by the embodiment of the invention at least has the following beneficial effects:
1. elasticity similarity is considered, so that more accurate experimental results are obtained;
2. under the conditions that strict elasticity similarity is difficult to realize and the suspension tunnel mainly focuses on deflection change, the elasticity similarity problem of the model is processed by adopting the bending rigidity similarity, so that the experimental requirement is met;
3. the first structural member 1 is mainly used for meeting the requirement of similar elasticity, the second structural member 2 is mainly used for enabling the gravity of the model to meet the requirement of the Froude similarity criterion, the third structural member 3 is mainly used for meeting the requirement of similar size, and different structural members are respectively used for achieving a similar requirement, so that the model can be conveniently designed and adjusted;
4. because the processing cost of the slender member is high and the difficulty is high, the first structural member 1 in the application adopts a plurality of pipe sections 11 for connection, and the joint 12 for connecting the pipe sections 11 adopts equal rigidity or equal strength design, so that the processing difficulty of the first structural member 1 is reduced, and the adverse effect of the structural form of the joint 12 connection on the experimental structure can be avoided;
5. the second structural member 2 is provided with a plurality of counterweight rings, which is beneficial to the basically uniform distribution of the gravity of the model in the axial direction, and can also be used for realizing the simulation of prototypes with different design weights by adding or reducing the counterweight rings, thereby being convenient for researching the response rule of the suspension tunnel under the conditions of different floating weight ratios;
6. the force transmission column 5 is arranged, so that external force can be transmitted to the first structural member 1 positioned at the center, and adverse effects on radial transmission of the external force caused by the arrangement of the third structural member 3 are avoided;
7. through setting up tension ring 4, mainly bear the pulling force of anchor rope by tension ring 4, avoid damaging third structural component 3.
It should be noted that, in other embodiments of the present invention, the prototype may also use other design parameters, and when the design parameters of the prototype are changed, a person skilled in the art may adjust the data of the model, such as weight, size, material, etc., based on the embodiments of the present invention.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 10 to 12, the present embodiment provides a three-dimensional elastic model of a suspension tunnel, the design method and structure of which are substantially the same as those of the three-dimensional elastic model of the suspension tunnel in embodiment 1, and the structural differences are as follows: in the present embodiment, the weight 21 has a different structure.
In the present embodiment, the weight 21 is a block structure. In order to adapt to the structure of the counterweight 21, the third structural member 3 is not divided into a large-diameter block and a small-diameter block, but is set to be an integral structure, and then a groove is formed in the third structural member 3, and the size of the groove is adapted to the size of the counterweight 21. Further, the grooves are uniformly distributed in the axial direction of the mold, and the grooves are also uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the mold.
The uniform distribution of the weight 21 on the model explained in the present embodiment is to make the mass distribution of the model substantially uniform in the axial direction of the model. In the experiment, a person skilled in the art can appropriately adjust or design the distribution position of the counterweight 21 in the axial direction of the model according to actual conditions. Rather than having to maintain an absolutely uniform distribution.
In terms of beneficial effects, the differences between the scheme provided by the embodiment and the scheme provided by the embodiment 1 include:
in this embodiment, because the structure of balancing weight 21 has changed, third structural member 3 need not to adopt the structure of major diameter ring 31 and minor diameter ring 32 concatenation again, has reduced the degree of difficulty of equipment model.
Example 3
Referring to fig. 13 and 14, an embodiment of the present invention provides a three-dimensional elastic model of a suspension tunnel, which is basically the same as that in embodiment 2 in design method and structure, and the difference of the structure is: in the present embodiment, the pipe segment 11 is provided as a hollow tubular structure, namely: the cross-section of the pipe section 11 is annular.
In the three-dimensional elastic model of the suspension tunnel provided in this embodiment, the cross section of the pipe segment 11 is obtained by calculating the bending stiffness, and on the basis of obtaining the cross section area of the pipe segment 11 and the design length of the prototype, the gravity of the first structural member 1 can be obtained, so that the gravity required to be provided by the second structural member 2 is obtained according to the gravity of the first structural member 1 and the requirements of the florode criterion, that is, the total gravity of the counterweight 21 is obtained.
In terms of beneficial effects, the scheme provided by the embodiment is different from the scheme provided by the embodiment 1 in that:
the tube section 11 in this embodiment is annular in cross-section, and the tube section 11 of the first structural member 1 in embodiment 1 is circular in cross-section, both of which are required to satisfy the same bending stiffness requirement. The cross-sectional area of the pipe section 11 used in this embodiment will be significantly larger than the first structural element 1 in embodiment 1, in the case that the materials used for both are the same, so that the weight of the first structural element 1 itself will be significantly larger than the first structural element 1 in embodiment 1, and the weight that the second structural element 2 needs to provide in this embodiment is reduced. On one hand, the scheme adopted in the embodiment can avoid the excessive concentration of the gravity of the model to the axis, so that the distribution of the gravity on the cross section is more practical; on the other hand, however, since the second structural member 2 also has the function of adjusting the float-weight ratio, the gravity that the second structural member 2 can provide is reduced, meaning that the model can allow the adjustment range of the float-weight ratio to be reduced during the experiment.
Example 4
Referring to fig. 15 and 16, an embodiment of the invention provides a three-dimensional elastic model of a suspension tunnel, and a design method of the three-dimensional elastic model includes:
s1, determining a size scaling ratio lambda and size, gravity and bending rigidity parameters of a prototype used for simulation by the three-dimensional elastic model of the suspension tunnel;
in this embodiment, in combination with the simulation capability of the experimental environment, the design parameters of the prototype are: the cross section is designed into two lanes, the outer diameter is 12.6m, the inner diameter is 10.6m, the material is C60 concrete, the elastic modulus is 36.0GPa, and the bending rigidity Kp＝2.22×1013Nm2The weight is designed according to the net buoyancy of 10, 20 and 30t/m per linear meter. The scale ratio is 50.
S2, calculating model parameters according to the size reduction ratio lambda and the prototype parameters, wherein the method comprises the following steps of S21, S22 and S23:
s21, determining the bending rigidity of the three-dimensional elastic model of the suspension tunnel to enable the bending rigidity to meet the first condition:
Figure BDA0002279553440000121
wherein, KpBending stiffness of the prototype, KmIs the flexural rigidity of the model;
s22, determining the gravity of the three-dimensional elastic model of the suspension tunnel to enable the gravity to meet the second condition:
Figure BDA0002279553440000122
wherein G ispFor the prototype gravity, GmIs the model gravity;
s23, determining the cross section size of the three-dimensional elastic model of the suspension tunnel to enable the cross section size to meet the third condition:
Figure BDA0002279553440000123
wherein lpLinear dimensions of the prototype, /)mIs linear of modelSize;
the sequence of the step S21, the step S22 and the step S23 can be exchanged;
s3, determining the shape, the size and the material of the first structural member 1, enabling the bending rigidity of the first structural member 1 to meet the requirement of the step S21, and enabling the cross section size of the first structural member 1 to be equal to the size of the cross section required by the condition III;
in this embodiment, the material of the first structural member 1 is 304 stainless steel, and the shape is set to a hollow cylindrical shape, and the outer diameter of the first structural member 1 is determined according to the requirement of the condition three, and the thickness of the first structural member 1 satisfying the condition one is determined according to the requirement of the condition one and the selected size, thereby determining the inner diameter of the first structural member 1.
Since the first structural member 1 can satisfy both the first condition and the third condition but cannot satisfy the second condition after the step S3 is ended, the step S4 is skipped and the step S5 is performed:
s5, determining the shape, size and material of a second structural part 2, wherein the second structural part 2 enables the total weight of the three-dimensional elastic model of the suspension tunnel to meet a second condition;
calculating to obtain a difference value between the gravity of the first structural member 1 and the model gravity required by the second condition according to the requirement of the second condition and the total gravity of the current first structural member 1, wherein the difference value is the gravity required to be provided by the second structural member 2;
further, the second structural member 2 is constructed into a plurality of balancing weights 21, the balancing weights 21 are in a ring-plate structure, and the inner diameter of the ring of the balancing weights is matched with the outer diameter of the first structural member 1.
After the above steps are completed, step S6 is performed:
and S6, connecting the first structural member 1 with the second structural member 2, wherein the three-dimensional elastic model of the suspension tunnel simultaneously meets the conditions of three, two and one.
Specifically, each weight 21 on the second structural member 2 is attached to the outside of the first structural member 1.
The three-dimensional elastic model of the suspension tunnel obtained by the design method comprises a first structural member 1 and a second structural member 2.
The first structural member 1 is used to satisfy the conditions one and three, i.e., the model is similar in geometry and bending rigidity to the prototype. Specifically, in the present embodiment, the first structural member 1 is a tubular structure. The outer diameter of the first structural member 1 is determined by geometric similarity, and the thickness of the first structural member 1 is determined according to the similar bending stiffness and the selected material of the first structural member 1.
In other embodiments of the present invention, the material of the first structural member 1 may be selected according to the requirement, for example, a metal material, an organic glass material, etc., and different thicknesses may be obtained by calculation for different materials, as long as the geometric similarity and the rigidity similarity of the model can be satisfied.
The first structural member 1 is provided with a mooring lug 41. Further, the cleat 41 is integrally formed or fixedly attached to the first structural member 1. The mooring lugs 41 are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction of the first structural member 1.
The ratio of the total weight of the model to the prototype is made to meet the requirements of the froude criterion by means of the second structural part 2. In particular, the second structural part 2 comprises a plurality of counterweights 21. In the present embodiment, the weight 21 is provided as a ring plate structure. The second structural member 2 is sleeved outside the first structural member 1 and detachably and fixedly connected with the first structural member 1. Specifically, the first structural member 1 may be provided with a connecting ring, and the first structural member 1 and the balancing weight 21 may be detachably connected by connecting the balancing weight 21 and the connecting ring with a bolt.
The second structural parts 2 are evenly distributed in the axial direction of the mould.
In this embodiment, the diameter of the second structural member 2 is larger than the diameter of the first structural member 1. However, since the second structural member 2 is of an annular plate structure, when the water flow acts in the radial direction of the model, the second structural member 2 may have a small influence on the water flow, and the influence on the experimental result may be ignored, that is, the model may still satisfy geometric similarity.
The suspension tunnel three-dimensional elastic model provided by the embodiment has the beneficial effects that:
the structure is simpler, and the installation and the dismantlement of balancing weight 21 are easy to operate.
Example 5
The embodiment of the invention provides a design method of a suspension tunnel, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, setting initial values of design parameters of a suspension tunnel according to working conditions;
step two, taking the initial value in the step one as a prototype parameter for simulation, and designing the three-dimensional elastic model of the suspension tunnel according to the design method of the three-dimensional elastic model of the suspension tunnel provided in the embodiment 1;
step three, carrying out experimental verification on the basis of the three-dimensional elastic model of the suspension tunnel, if the verification result does not meet the set requirement, adjusting the initial value in the step one, and carrying out the step two and the step three again; and if the verification result meets the set requirement, designing the suspension tunnel according to the initial value meeting the set requirement.
The above setting requirements mean: the requirements of the actual use of the engineering are met, and the technical personnel in the field can set the requirements according to the actual conditions of the engineering.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (25)

1. A design method of a three-dimensional elastic model of a suspension tunnel is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, determining a size scaling ratio lambda and size, gravity and bending rigidity parameters of a prototype used for simulation by the three-dimensional elastic model of the suspension tunnel;
s2, calculating parameters of the model according to the size reduction ratio lambda and the size, gravity and bending rigidity parameters of the prototype, wherein the parameters comprise the steps of S21, S22 and S23:
s21, determining the bending rigidity of the three-dimensional elastic model of the suspension tunnel to enable the bending rigidity to meet a first condition:
Figure FDA0002279553430000011
wherein, KpFor the flexural rigidity of the prototype, KmIs the flexural rigidity of the model;
s22, determining the gravity of the three-dimensional elastic model of the suspension tunnel to enable the gravity to meet a second condition:
Figure FDA0002279553430000012
wherein G ispIs the gravity of the prototype, GmIs the gravity of the model;
s23, determining the cross section size of the three-dimensional elastic model of the suspension tunnel to enable the cross section size to meet the third condition:
Figure FDA0002279553430000013
wherein lpLinear dimensions of the prototype, /)mIs the linear dimension of the model;
the sequence of step S21, step S22, and step S23 may be reversed.
2. The design method of the three-dimensional elastic model of the suspended tunnel according to claim 1, further comprising the following steps:
s3, determining the shape, size and material of the first structural member, enabling the bending rigidity of the first structural member to meet the requirement of the first condition, and enabling the cross section size of the first structural member to be smaller than or equal to the size of the cross section required by the third condition;
s4, determining the shape, size and material of a third structural member, wherein the third structural member is arranged on the outer side of the first structural member and is used for enabling the cross section size of the three-dimensional elastic model of the suspension tunnel to meet the third condition;
s5, determining the shape, size and material of a second structural member, wherein the second structural member enables the total weight of the three-dimensional elastic model of the suspension tunnel to meet the second condition;
after the above steps are completed, step S6 is performed:
and S6, connecting the structural parts to form the three-dimensional elastic model of the suspension tunnel, so that the three-dimensional elastic model of the suspension tunnel simultaneously meets the condition III, the condition II and the condition I.
3. The method for designing a three-dimensional elastic model of a suspension tunnel according to claim 2, wherein after step S3, if the first structural member can satisfy the third condition and the second condition at the same time, step S4 and step S5 are skipped and step S6 is directly performed; if the first structural member cannot satisfy the third condition and the second condition at the same time, step S4 and/or step S5 is performed.
4. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein if the first structural member does not satisfy the third condition or the second condition, the step S4 is performed first, and then the step S5 is performed.
5. The method for designing the three-dimensional elastic model of the levitation tunnel according to claim 2, wherein in step S6:
and arranging a strain measuring device on the first structural member, wherein the strain measuring device comprises a plurality of strain gauges which are distributed along the axial direction and the circumferential direction of the three-dimensional elastic model of the suspension tunnel.
6. The design method of the three-dimensional elastic model of the suspended tunnel according to claim 5, after the step S6 is finished, further comprising the following steps:
and coating a waterproof layer on the surface of the three-dimensional elastic model of the suspension tunnel.
7. The method for designing the three-dimensional elastic model of the suspended tunnel according to any one of claims 2 to 6, wherein in the step S5, the second structural member is configured as a plurality of balancing weights.
8. The method for designing the three-dimensional elastic model of the suspension tunnel according to claim 7, wherein a plurality of the balancing weights are distributed along the length direction of the three-dimensional elastic model of the suspension tunnel.
9. The method for designing a three-dimensional elastic model of a suspension tunnel according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein in step S4, the bending stiffness of the third structural member is not more than 5% of the bending stiffness of the first structural member.
10. A three-dimensional elastic model of a suspended tunnel, comprising:
a first structural member for providing bending stiffness of the model;
the third structural member is sleeved on the first structural member and used for providing the appearance of the model.
11. The three-dimensional elastic model of a suspended tunnel according to claim 10, wherein the first structural member is configured as a cylindrical or round tube structure.
12. The three-dimensional elastic model of a suspended tunnel according to claim 11, wherein the first structural member comprises a joint and at least two pipe segments, the at least two pipe segments being connected by the joint;
the ratio of the difference between the tensile strength of the joint and the tensile strength of the pipe section to the tensile strength of the pipe section is less than or equal to 5%, or the ratio of the difference between the bending stiffness of the joint and the bending stiffness of the pipe section to the bending stiffness of the pipe section is less than or equal to 5%;
when the two pipe sections are connected together through the joint, a gap exists between the end faces of the two adjacent pipe sections.
13. The three-dimensional elastic model of the suspended tunnel according to claim 12, wherein one end of the joint is provided with a forward thread for connecting with one of the pipe sections, and the other end of the joint is provided with a reverse thread for connecting with the other pipe section;
the first structural member further comprises a locking member;
the locking piece comprises at least two locknuts, wherein one locknut is connected with one of the pipe sections and is in contact with the end face of one end of the joint; and the other locknut is connected with the other pipe section and is in contact with the end surface of the other end of the joint.
14. The three-dimensional elastic model of the suspended tunnel according to any one of claims 11-13, wherein the third structural member is configured as a hollow cylindrical structure, and the inner surface of the third structural member is fitted with the outer surface of the first structural member.
15. The three-dimensional elastic model of a suspension tunnel according to any one of claims 11 to 13, wherein the third structural member is a structural body made of foamed plastic, and the water absorption rate of the material adopted by the third structural member is less than or equal to 3%.
16. The three-dimensional elastic model of the suspended tunnel according to any one of claims 11 to 13, further comprising a tension ring, wherein the tension ring is sleeved outside the third structural member, and a mooring lug is arranged on the tension ring.
17. The three-dimensional elastic model of a suspended tunnel according to claim 16, further comprising a force transmission column, wherein one end of the force transmission column is in contact with the outer surface of the first structural member, and the other end of the force transmission column is in contact with the inner surface of the tension ring.
18. The three-dimensional elastic model of a suspended tunnel according to claim 10, further comprising a second structural member connected to the third structural member.
19. The three-dimensional elastic model of a suspended tunnel according to claim 18, wherein the second structural member comprises a plurality of counterweights.
20. The three-dimensional elastic model of the suspended tunnel according to claim 19, wherein the third structural member is formed with a groove adapted to the weight block, and the weight block is placed in the groove.
21. The three-dimensional elastic model of the suspended tunnel according to claim 20, wherein the weight block is configured as a ring-shaped structure;
the third structural member comprises a large-diameter ring and a small-diameter ring, the large-diameter ring and the small-diameter ring are distributed in the axial direction of the three-dimensional elastic model of the suspension tunnel, and a groove is formed at the small-diameter ring;
the outer diameter of the small-diameter ring is matched with the inner diameter of the balancing weight, and the outer diameter of the large-diameter ring is matched with the outer diameter of the balancing weight.
22. The three-dimensional elastic model of the suspension tunnel according to claim 20, wherein the weight blocks are configured as block structures, and the weight blocks are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the three-dimensional elastic model of the suspension tunnel.
23. A three-dimensional elastic model of a suspended tunnel, comprising:
a first structural member for providing the appearance and bending stiffness of the three-dimensional elastic model of the suspended tunnel;
and the second structural member is connected with the first structural member and is used for adjusting the gravity of the three-dimensional elastic model of the suspension tunnel.
24. The three-dimensional elastic model of a suspended tunnel according to claim 23, wherein the second structural member comprises at least two weights, the weights are configured as a ring-shaped plate structure, and the weights are sleeved on and connected with the first structural member.
25. A design method of a suspension tunnel is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, setting initial values of design parameters of a suspension tunnel according to working conditions;
step two, taking the initial values in the step one as prototype parameters for simulation, and designing the model according to the design method of any one of claims 1 to 9;
step three, carrying out verification on the basis of the model, if the verification result does not meet the set requirement, adjusting the initial value in the step one, and carrying out the step two and the step three again; and if the verification result meets the set requirement, designing the suspension tunnel according to the initial value meeting the set requirement.
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