CN110702855B - Water environment in-situ biological exposure-passive sampling combined device and method - Google Patents
Water environment in-situ biological exposure-passive sampling combined device and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a water environment in-situ biological exposure-passive sampling combined device and a method. The biological exposure device comprises an aquatic organism exposure device, a bottom surface and a benthic organism exposure device, and the tested organisms comprise three types of living upper water bodies, bottom surfaces and benthic organisms, correspond to different spatial distributions and can obtain the exposure concentration and biological effect information of water bodies, sediments and interface pollutants. The height between the aquatic organism exposure device and the water body passive sampler and the water surface can be adjusted, the aquatic organism exposure device and the water body passive sampler can correspond to the change of the water level, and the aquatic organism exposure device is suitable for tidal rivers or lakes with large water level change. The invention relates to the field of environmental monitoring and ecological risk assessment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of environmental monitoring and ecological risk assessment, in particular to a water environment in-situ biological exposure-passive sampling combined device and a water environment in-situ biological exposure-passive sampling combined method.
Background
With the rapid development of economic society, the pollution load of drainage basin water is increasingly heavier, pollutants discharged by residents in life, industry and agriculture enter water environment, the current situation of composite pollution of coexistence of various pollutants is formed, aquatic organisms are poisoned, and ecological safety and even human health are threatened. Therefore, the concentration of various pollutants in the water environment is accurately monitored, and the biotoxicity effect generated by the combined pollution is effectively evaluated, so that the method has important practical guiding significance for water environment management and restoration.
Current methods for studying the concentration of contaminants and the toxic effects in water and sediments are mainly by collecting samples of water and sediments and bringing them back to the laboratory for off-line chemical measurements and biological tests. The method has the main defect that real conditions in the field cannot be simulated, and the laboratory analysis result has deviation. Sampling and transportation processes can cause sample disturbance to change the occurrence of contaminants, and the selection of sampling time can also affect the composition of the sample. In chemical assays of laboratory contaminants, the commonly used exhaustive extraction can cause significant overestimation of the contaminant concentration and fail to reflect the true bioavailable fraction; in laboratory biological testing, the conditions of exposure of the test organisms are constant and do not reflect natural variables that potentially affect toxicity, such as dissolved organic carbon, suspended particulate matter, hardness, temperature, and pH, all of which can affect toxicity and bioavailability of contaminants.
Can realize among the prior art that different time of normal position water, space layer are to the device that experimental living beings action and physiological effect's influence were studied, breed the case usually and can not insert in the surface deposit, can't make the benthos of being examined directly expose in the surface deposit. And the height of the culture box from the water bottom is usually fixed, so that the culture box cannot cope with the change of the water level and is not suitable for tidal rivers in the delta area. The structure is more complicated, the cost is higher, the use operation difficulty is higher, and a passive sampler capable of synchronously monitoring the pollutant concentration is lacked.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects and shortcomings of the prior art and provides a water environment in-situ biological exposure-passive sampling combined device, which can realize the measurement of the concentration level and release flux of pollutants in a water body and sediments and the synchronous research of the toxic effect of a tested organism under in-situ exposure.
The invention also aims to provide a combined method of in-situ biological exposure and passive sampling of the water environment.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme: a water environment in-situ biological exposure-passive sampling combined device comprises an aquatic organism exposure device, a bottom surface and benthonic organism exposure device, a water body passive sampler, a multi-section pore water passive sampler, a sediment-water interface flux passive sampler and a floating ball; the floating ball is connected with the aquatic organism exposure device and the water body passive sampler through a rope, the aquatic organism exposure device and the water body passive sampler are placed in a surface water body at the same height, and the floating ball floats on the water surface; the bottom surface and the benthos exposure device are connected with the floating ball through a rope, half of the bottom surface and the benthos exposure device are inserted into the surface layer sediment, and the other half of the bottom surface and the benthos exposure device are arranged in the bottom water body, and the side edges of the bottom surface and the benthos exposure device are loaded with loads; the bottom surface and the benthos exposure device are sequentially connected with the multi-section pore water passive sampler and the sediment-water interface flux passive sampler through ropes; the top unit of the multi-section pore water passive sampler and the bottom unit of the sediment-water interface flux passive sampler are inserted into the surface sediment.
Preferably, the aquatic organism exposing device and the bottom surface and benthic organism exposing device respectively comprise four exposing chambers, and the four exposing chambers are welded together. The exposure chamber is a cylindrical mesh frame made of stainless steel. The top cover of the exposure chamber is detachably connected with the frame body and locked through the lock catch.
As a preferred technical scheme, the aquatic organism exposure device and the water body passive sampler are placed at a position 0.5 m away from the water surface.
The other purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme: an in-situ biological exposure-passive sampling combined method for a water environment comprises the following steps: bringing the passive sampler and the biological exposure device to a research site, and assembling an adsorption phase onto the water body passive sampler, the multi-section pore water passive sampler and the sediment-water interface flux passive sampler; connecting an aquatic organism exposure device, a bottom surface and benthic organism exposure device, a water body passive sampler, a multi-section pore water passive sampler, a sediment-water interface flux passive sampler and a floating ball in series through a rope; placing tested aquatic organisms domesticated in a laboratory into an aquatic organism exposing device, a bottom surface and a benthic organism exposing device; placing the aquatic organism exposure device and the water body passive sampler in a surface water body at the same height, and floating the floating ball on the water surface; inserting a top unit of a multi-section pore water passive sampler and a bottom unit of a sediment-water interface flux passive sampler into the surface sediment; after the exposure time is over, the passive sampler and the biological exposure device are taken back from the water environment; according to the selected target pollutant, carrying out chemical analysis on the adsorption phase of the passive sampler and the tested biological sample, quantifying the pollutant concentration, and respectively obtaining the bioavailable concentration and the in-vivo accumulation concentration of the pollutant; and carrying out qualitative and quantitative analysis on the recovered tested biological sample according to the selected biological toxicity endpoint, and combining the mortality and behavior results of field determination to obtain comprehensive biological effect information.
As an optimized technical scheme, one part of each of the adsorption phases of the water passive sampler, the multi-section pore water passive sampler and the sediment-water interface flux passive sampler is reserved as a process blank sample, and the adsorption phases are normally assembled on the samplers but are directly brought back to a laboratory without being exposed in the field.
As a preferred technical scheme, part of the tested aquatic organisms domesticated in the laboratory are reserved as transportation blanks, are not thrown in the field, and are directly brought back to the laboratory.
As a preferred technical solution, the mortality is obtained by the following steps: and after the exposure time is over, taking back the aquatic organism exposure device, the bottom surface and the benthic organism exposure device, washing off external attachments, transferring out the tested organisms in the aquatic organism exposure device, and counting the death rate of each exposure room.
As a preferred technical solution, the behavior result is obtained by the following steps: and after the exposure time is over, taking back the aquatic organism exposure device, the bottom surface and the benthic organism exposure device, washing away external attachments, transferring the living organisms into the prepared moderate hard water to clean the body surface, and then randomly selecting a plurality of organisms for behavior analysis.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the biological exposure device comprises an aquatic organism exposure device, a bottom surface and a benthic organism exposure device, and the tested organisms comprise three types of living upper water bodies, bottom surfaces and benthic organisms, correspond to different spatial distributions and can obtain the biological accumulation concentration and biological effect information of water bodies, sediments and interface pollutants.
2. The height of the aquatic organism exposure device and the water body passive sampler from the water surface can be adjusted, the aquatic organism exposure device and the water body passive sampler can correspond to the change of the water level, and the aquatic organism exposure device and the water body passive sampler are suitable for tidal rivers or lakes with large water level change.
3. The invention adopts the combination of the passive sampler and the biological exposure device, thereby not only obtaining biological effect information, but also obtaining the pollutant exposure concentration by utilizing the passive sampler. And the whole structure is simple, the cost is low, and the operation is simple.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a combined in-situ biological exposure-passive sampling device for a water environment according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing in situ bio-exposure survival in a small lake in Guangzhou city, according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of in situ biological exposure survival at Guangzhou, Kyoho, in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing in situ biological exposure survival rate of Taihu lake in the third embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein: 1: aquatic organism exposure device, 2: bottom table and benthos exposure device, 3: passive sampler for water, 4: driven sample thief of multistage pore water, 5: sediment-water interface flux passive sampler, 6: nylon cord, 7: masonry, 8: a floating ball.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
As shown in figure 1, the water environment in-situ biological exposure-passive sampling combined device comprises an aquatic organism exposure device, a bottom surface and benthic organism exposure device, a water body passive sampler, a multi-section pore water passive sampler, a sediment-water interface flux passive sampler and a floating ball.
The floater is connected with the aquatic organism exposure device and the water passive sampler through the nylon rope, the aquatic organism exposure device and the water passive sampler are placed in the surface water body at the same height, and the height between the aquatic organism exposure device and the water passive sampler and the water surface can be determined by adjusting the lengths of the nylon rope connected with the floater and the aquatic organism exposure device according to the test requirements. The floating ball floats on the water surface and is used as a mark during recovery. The passive water sampler is mainly used for measuring hydrophobic organic pollutants in water, and a sampler in the prior art, such as a pollutant water passive sampler disclosed in chinese patent CN201110040648.8, can be adopted.
The aquatic organism exposure device, the bottom surface and the benthic organism exposure device are respectively made of stainless steel 304 materials to be cylindrical net frames as exposure chambers, and 4 exposure chambers are welded together to form a set of exposure device. The top cover of the exposure chamber is detachably connected with the frame body and locked through the lock catch. The bottom surface and the benthos exposure device are connected with the floating ball through nylon ropes, half of the bottom surface and the benthos exposure device are inserted into the surface layer sediment, and half of the bottom surface and the benthos exposure device are in the bottom water body and are loaded with masonry at the side edges of the bottom surface and the benthos exposure device, and the masonry serves as load to fix the whole set of coupling device. The bottom surface and the benthos exposure device are sequentially connected with the multi-section pore water passive sampler and the sediment-water interface flux passive sampler through nylon ropes. The top unit of the multi-section pore water passive sampler and the bottom unit of the sediment-water interface flux passive sampler are inserted into the surface sediment. A multi-section pore water passive sampler is mainly used for in-situ determination of free dissolved organic pollutants in pore water of sediments at different depths, and mainly focuses on pollutants in the sediments. The multi-section passive sampler for pore water can be a sampler in the prior art, such as a multi-section sampler for sediment pore water disclosed in chinese patent CN 201110020502.7. The sediment-water interface flux passive sampler mainly focuses on interface pollutant exchange by measuring the free dissolved state concentration of organic pollutants in the upper water body and the lower sediment pore water of the sediment-water interface. The sediment-water interface flux passive sampler can adopt a sampler in the prior art, such as a water-sediment interface organic pollutant gradual-rising spiral passive sampler disclosed in Chinese patent CN 201210545905.8.
The method for testing by using the water environment in-situ biological exposure-passive sampling combined device comprises the following steps:
(1) selection of study sites
The device is applicable to fresh water rivers and lakes in China. The selected research sites meet the following conditions as much as possible: has the representativeness of regional pollution, the water depth is about 2 meters, the flow rate is moderate, the water temperature range is 15-30 ℃, and the organic carbon content of muddy sediments is moderate. In addition, the in-situ biological exposure needs a reference site for eliminating the interference of the tested organisms in the transportation and release processes and other field environmental factors, the site is generally selected from a cleaner upstream river or lake, and the biological survival rate of the reference site is required to be more than 80%.
(2) Delivery
The passive sampler and the biological exposure apparatus are brought to the site of investigation. Three kinds of adsorption phases (i.e. low-density polyethylene film) of passive samplers are assembled on the sampler with the glass fiber film protective layer and sealed. Meanwhile, one part of adsorption phase is respectively reserved for the three samplers to serve as process blank samples, and the three samplers are normally assembled but are directly brought back to a laboratory without being exposed in the field so as to test whether the putting process is polluted or not. The devices were connected in series with nylon ropes according to figure 1. And (3) measuring the water depth of the research site, preparing ropes as required, and reserving 2 meters more than the rope length for binding the floating ball, the bottom surface and the benthic organism exposure device so as to prevent the water level change during sampling. The rope length of the tying floating ball, the water body passive sampler and the aquatic organism exposure device is adjusted according to the requirement, and generally recommended to be 0.5 meter, so that the two devices are positioned at a position which is about 0.5 meter away from the water surface.
The tested aquatic organisms domesticated in the laboratory are brought to the site, the good water quality is required to be ensured in the transportation process, the large-amplitude vibration is avoided, the influence on the organisms is reduced, meanwhile, part of the organisms are reserved as a transportation blank, the organisms are not put in the field, and the organisms are directly brought back to the laboratory to test the influence of the transportation process on the biological activity. And testing on-site water quality parameters including temperature, flow rate, pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity and ammonia nitrogen. If the difference between the transport water temperature and the field water temperature exceeds 1 ℃, the transport water temperature is slowly changed, and the temperature stress caused by direct putting is avoided.
Randomly selecting tested organisms on site, carefully placing the organism exposure device, and covering the top cover of the device. The two telescopic rods with elbows at the lower ends are respectively connected with a multi-section pore water passive sampling device and a sediment-water interface flux passive sampler, two persons respectively hold a rope and the telescopic rods to slowly put the whole set of sampling device which is connected in series into water, and after the multi-section pore water passive sampler, the sediment-water interface flux passive sampler and the bottom surface and benthos exposure device sink, the sediment is slowly inserted by applying force downwards through the telescopic rods until the top unit of the multi-section pore water passive sampler and the bottom unit of the sediment-water interface flux passive sampler just enter the surface layer of the sediment. This process is accomplished with the aid of an underwater camera. And slightly and horizontally moving the telescopic rod to move the elbow out of the hole at the top end of the sampler. The bottom surface and the benthos exposure device are pressed into the sediments by about 10 cm by using a telescopic rod with a circular ring at the lower end, so that the benthos can be ensured to be in direct contact with the surface sediments. And recording the longitude and latitude geographic position and the surrounding environment information of each sampling point.
(3) Recovering
And after the exposure time is over, taking the three passive samplers back from the water environment, washing away the external attached particles, disassembling the samplers, taking out the adsorption phase in the samplers, putting the samplers into pure water, cleaning algae attachments on the surface, sucking water, and soaking the samplers in an organic solvent. The two in situ bio-exposure devices were retrieved, the outer attachments were washed away, the test organisms were carefully transferred out of the interior, and the survival rate of each exposure chamber was counted. Transferring the living organisms to a prepared moderate hard water in advance to clean the body surface, and then randomly selecting a plurality of organisms to perform behavior analysis such as swimming and the like. The benthos needs to clear the intestines in aerated clear water for 8 hours and discharge the ingested sediment particles out of the body. Finally all biological samples were snap frozen in liquid nitrogen, brought back to the laboratory and transferred to an ultra low temperature freezer at-80 ℃.
(4) Laboratory analysis
According to the selected target pollutant, the adsorption phase of the passive sampler and the tested biological sample are subjected to chemical analysis, the pollutant concentration is quantified, and the bioavailable concentration and the in-vivo accumulation concentration of the pollutant, namely the external exposure concentration and the internal exposure concentration of the pollutant can be respectively obtained.
According to the selected biological toxicity end point, such as histopathology, enzyme activity, specific protein expression, gene expression, DNA damage and the like, the recovered tested biological sample is qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed, and then the mortality and behavior result of on-site determination are combined to obtain comprehensive biological effect information.
And combining the exposure and effect information to accurately evaluate the multiple contamination risk of the selected research site.
Example one
The water environment in-situ biological exposure-passive sampling combined device is used for carrying out field tests on 6 small lakes in Guangzhou city.
The exposure chamber had a height of 20 cm, an upper and lower diameter of 20 cm and a volume of 6.28 l, as required for the test. The selected tested organisms are gobiocypris rarus, macrobrachium nipponensis and corbicula fluminea, represent different habitat spatial distributions, and the three organisms respectively live in the upper water body, the surface of the sediment and the surface sediment. In order to reduce the biological deposition of the exposure chamber in the natural water body as much as possible and ensure the water flow exchange, the mesh sizes are respectively designed according to the sizes of the tested organisms. The mesh of the aquatic organism exposure device of gobiocypris rarus is set to be 4 mm multiplied by 4 mm and is positioned at a position 0.5 m away from the water surface, the mesh of the bottom surface and benthic organism exposure device of macrobrachium nipponensis and corbicula fluminea is set to be 5 mm multiplied by 5 mm, about 10 cm is pressed into the sediment, and half of the sediment is in the water body. The number of doses per exposure chamber, according to the size characteristics of the test organism and the amount of sample required for the test, is: 10 gobiocypris rarus, 10 macrobrachium nipponensis and 15 corbicula fluminea were rarefied.
According to figure 1, the feeding is carried out on 6 internal lakes, wherein one lake is a clean reference point. No target pollutant is detected in the blank samples in the process of the three passive samplers, and the blank survival rate of the tested organisms in transportation reaches over 90 percent, which indicates that the organisms are not influenced in the transportation process.
The exposure time for the passive sampler was 30 days and the biological exposure time was 10 days. After the exposure, the test organisms were recovered, and the survival rate of the organisms in each exposure room was counted on site, and the results are shown in FIG. 2.
And randomly selecting 6 surviving gobiocypris rarus from each point location (all gobiocypris rarus are selected if less than 6 gobiocypris rarus are selected), recording swimming videos on site, and returning to the laboratory for analyzing by behavior analysis software to obtain behavior results, wherein the behavior results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 swimming behavior results after in situ exposure of gobiocypris rarus
The complex pollutants in the water environment can change the enzyme activity expression in the tested organisms, the in vivo enzyme activities of the three organisms are measured in a laboratory, and the results of listing gobiocypris rarus are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 results of enzyme activities after in situ exposure of gobiocyprisrarus
In Table 2, CAT represents catalase, EROD represents ethoxyisophenazolone-deethylase, GSH represents glutathione peroxidase, GST represents glutathione-S-transferase, ECOD represents ethoxycoumarin-O-deethylase, MDA represents malondialdehyde, SOD represents superoxide dismutase, AChE represents acetylcholinesterase, and VTG represents vitellogenin content.
Common organic pollutants and heavy metals in water environments such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, polychlorinated biphenyl, organochlorine pesticide, organophosphorus pesticide, pyrethroid pesticide and the like are selected as target analysis pollutants, and the concentration of the accumulated organic pollutants and heavy metals in a laboratory quantitative tested organism is obtained to obtain the internal exposure concentration of the pollutants.
In addition, the concentrations of the organic pollutants in the adsorption phases in the three passive samplers are quantified, the concentration distribution of the pollutants in sediments and water bodies and the exchange flux at a sediment-water body interface are obtained, and comprehensive external exposure information is obtained.
And summarizing the evidence chains, and performing evidence weight analysis to obtain the composite pollution ecological risk size of different research point positions, thereby identifying high-risk sites and high-risk pollutants and providing scientific basis for pollution prevention, control and treatment.
Example two
The water environment in-situ biological exposure-passive sampling device is applied to 4 research sites in Guangzhou section of Zhujiang and 1 clean water source place is taken as a reference site. The Guangzhou section of the Zhujiang river is a typical Delta tidal river, and the daily water level changes from 1 meter to 2 meters. The tested organisms are gobiocypris rarus and corbicula fluminea, and the survival rate after exposure is shown in figure 3.
The embodiment is the same as the first embodiment.
EXAMPLE III
The water environment in-situ biological exposure-passive sampling device is applied to 3 research sites of the Taihu lake, which is a large shallow lake. The exposure time for the passive sampler was 60 days and the biological exposure time was 10 days. The tested organisms are gobiocypris rarus and corbicula fluminea, and the survival rate after exposure is shown in figure 4.
The embodiment is the same as the first embodiment.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A water environment in-situ biological exposure-passive sampling combined device is characterized by comprising an aquatic organism exposure device, a bottom surface and benthonic organism exposure device, a water body passive sampler, a multi-section pore water passive sampler, a sediment-water interface flux passive sampler and a floating ball;
the floating ball is connected with the aquatic organism exposure device and the water body passive sampler through ropes, the aquatic organism exposure device and the water body passive sampler are placed in a surface water body at the same height, the floating ball floats on the water surface, and the lengths of the ropes connected with the aquatic organism exposure device and the water body passive sampler are adjustable;
the bottom surface and the benthos exposure device are connected with the floating ball through a rope, half of the bottom surface and the benthos exposure device are inserted into the surface sediment, and the other half of the bottom surface and the benthos exposure device are positioned in the bottom water body, so that the benthos is ensured to be directly contacted with the surface sediment, and the side edges of the bottom surface and the benthos exposure device are loaded with loads;
the bottom surface and the benthos exposure device are sequentially connected with the multi-section pore water passive sampler and the sediment-water interface flux passive sampler through ropes; the top unit of the multi-section pore water passive sampler and the bottom unit of the sediment-water interface flux passive sampler are inserted into the surface sediment.
2. The combination of claim 1, wherein the aquatic organism exposure apparatus and the subsurface and benthic organism exposure apparatus each comprise four exposure chambers, the four exposure chambers being welded together.
3. The combination apparatus of claim 2, wherein the exposure chamber is a cylindrical frame made of a stainless steel material.
4. The combination of claim 3, wherein the top cover of the exposure chamber is removably connected to the frame and is locked by a latch.
5. The combination of claim 1, wherein the aquatic organism exposing means and the passive sampler of the body of water are placed at a distance of 0.5 m from the water surface.
6. An in-situ biological exposure-passive sampling combined method for a water environment is characterized by comprising the following steps:
bringing the passive sampler and the biological exposure device to a research site, and assembling an adsorption phase onto the water body passive sampler, the multi-section pore water passive sampler and the sediment-water interface flux passive sampler;
connecting an aquatic organism exposure device, a bottom surface and benthic organism exposure device, a water body passive sampler, a multi-section pore water passive sampler, a sediment-water interface flux passive sampler and a floating ball in series through a rope;
placing tested aquatic organisms domesticated in a laboratory into an aquatic organism exposing device, a bottom surface and a benthic organism exposing device; placing the aquatic organism exposure device and the water body passive sampler in a surface water body at the same height, and floating the floating ball on the water surface; inserting a top unit of a multi-section pore water passive sampler and a bottom unit of a sediment-water interface flux passive sampler into the surface sediment;
after the exposure time is over, the passive sampler and the biological exposure device are taken back from the water environment;
according to the selected target pollutant, carrying out chemical analysis on the adsorption phase of the passive sampler and the tested biological sample, quantifying the pollutant concentration, and respectively obtaining the bioavailable concentration and the in-vivo accumulation concentration of the pollutant; and carrying out qualitative and quantitative analysis on the recovered tested biological sample according to the selected biological toxicity endpoint, and combining the mortality and behavior results of field determination to obtain comprehensive biological effect information.
7. The combination of claim 6, wherein the adsorption phases of the passive water sampler, the multi-stage pore water passive sampler and the sediment-water interface flux passive sampler are each retained as a process blank, and the adsorption phases are normally assembled on the samplers without being exposed in the field and are directly carried back to the laboratory.
8. The combination method of claim 6, wherein the domesticated test aquatic organisms are directly brought back to the laboratory without being released in the field, leaving a part of the domesticated test aquatic organisms as a transportation blank.
9. The combination according to claim 6, wherein the mortality rate is obtained by: and after the exposure time is over, taking back the aquatic organism exposure device, the bottom surface and the benthic organism exposure device, washing off external attachments, transferring out the tested organisms in the aquatic organism exposure device, and counting the death rate of each exposure room.
10. The combination method according to claim 6, wherein the behavior result is obtained by: and after the exposure time is over, taking back the aquatic organism exposure device, the bottom surface and the benthic organism exposure device, washing away external attachments, transferring the living organisms into the prepared moderate hard water to clean the body surface, and then randomly selecting a plurality of organisms for behavior analysis.
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| CN114486354B (en) * | 2022-01-13 | 2023-08-25 | 河海大学 | Unattended operation dynamic frequency sediment sampling device and method |
| CN116047014A (en) * | 2023-02-03 | 2023-05-02 | 生态环境部华南环境科学研究所(生态环境部生态环境应急研究所) | Novel sediment oxygen consumption rate in-situ measurement device |
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| US8127626B2 (en) * | 2009-11-30 | 2012-03-06 | Gas Technology Institute | Sediment sampler for in-situ measurement of soluble contaminant flux rates |
| CN102175492B (en) * | 2011-01-18 | 2013-04-17 | 中国科学院广州地球化学研究所 | Multi-stage deposit pore water sampler |
| CN102183382B (en) * | 2011-02-19 | 2013-01-09 | 中国科学院广州地球化学研究所 | Water passive sampler of pollutants |
| CN103048162B (en) * | 2012-12-14 | 2015-05-06 | 中国科学院广州地球化学研究所 | Gradually-rising spiral passive sampler for organic pollutants on water-sediment interface |
| CN105432528B (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2018-06-26 | 同济大学 | A kind of minitype aquatic animal wild environment pilot system and method |
| CN109238775A (en) * | 2018-09-08 | 2019-01-18 | 常州市环境监测中心 | A kind of passive sampling apparatus in situ and application based on the monitoring of physical and chemical and biological coupling |
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