CN110699123B - Safety maintenance method for atmospheric fixed bed gas producer - Google Patents
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- CN110699123B CN110699123B CN201911075527.XA CN201911075527A CN110699123B CN 110699123 B CN110699123 B CN 110699123B CN 201911075527 A CN201911075527 A CN 201911075527A CN 110699123 B CN110699123 B CN 110699123B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
- C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
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Abstract
The invention discloses a safe maintenance method of a normal-pressure fixed bed gas producer, belonging to the technical field of gas equipment maintenance. The invention starts from the occurrence mechanism of various gas accidents, and sets the steps and parameters after the gas generator is withdrawn, so that the gas generated in the gas generator is immediately combusted on the surface of a material layer, thereby limiting the accumulation of the gas, avoiding the gas aggregation and the escape in the traditional method in the maintenance process of the gas generator, eliminating the hidden danger of the gas accidents and providing guarantee for the safe maintenance of the gas generator.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of maintenance of gas equipment, in particular to a safe maintenance method of a normal-pressure fixed bed gas producer.
Background
The atmospheric fixed bed gas producer takes anthracite as gasification raw material, takes air and steam as gasification agent, and produces CO and H by a series of oxidation-reduction reactions under high temperature and normal pressure2Is a coal gas process with main combustible components. The whole material layer can be divided into an ash layer, an oxidation layer, a reduction layer, a dry distillation layer and a drying layer from bottom to top. The coal gas production process can be carried out in two steps, firstly, air passes through the fuel layer, C and O2An exothermic reaction occurs to provide heat for the next reaction; followed by steam and air mixing through the fuel bed, C with H2O、O2And CO2The gas is generated by the mixed reaction of heat absorption and heat release, and the main chemical reaction equation is as follows:
C+O2＝CO2+108840 (KJ/kmol) - - - - - - - - - - - (1)
CO2+ C ═ 2 CO-162405 (kj/kmol) - - - - - - - - - (2)
C+H2O＝CO+H2-118821 (KJ/kmol) - - - - - - (3)
The atmospheric fixed bed gas producer has the advantages of simple equipment flow, low operation cost, flexible production organization and the like, belongs to small, flexible and quick equipment in the coal chemical industry, and is widely suitable for producing fuel gas required by various thermal furnaces such as a steel rolling furnace, an annealing furnace, a forging furnace, a steel tube furnace, a glass furnace, an aluminum melting furnace, a copper material furnace, a ceramic building furnace and the like. On the other hand, the atmospheric fixed bed gas producer belongs to the equipment which is easy to wear, corrode and block, and the daily maintenance is difficult to avoid. The overhauling of the gas equipment is easy to cause accidents such as personnel poisoning, gas ignition and explosion and the like, seriously harms the life safety of workers and the benefit and image of enterprises, and is especially important for safe overhauling.
When the problems of powder accumulation blockage, abrasion corrosion, spare part failure and the like exist in the production process of the atmospheric fixed bed gas producer, the atmospheric fixed bed gas producer usually needs to withdraw from a production system for maintenance. The traditional operation regulations require that hot preparation or low-pressure blast is carried out when the gas producer is overhauled: (1) the hot standby means that after the producer furnace exits from the system, the natural ventilation door is opened, air is pumped into the producer furnace from the natural ventilation door by utilizing the height difference pumping force of the bell jar valve to react with the glowing coal in the producer furnace, and the generated coal gas is diffused from the bell jar. (2) The low-pressure blast refers to that the blast volume is only reduced after the producer furnace exits from the system, the positive pressure in the producer furnace is kept, and the repair welding work of equipment can be carried out. The two methods are not perfect for the safe maintenance of the gas producer, the probability of gas explosion, ignition and poisoning in the maintenance process is still very high, and the serious hidden danger still exists for the safety of personnel.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a safe maintenance method of the atmospheric fixed bed gas generating furnace.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the maintenance method of the fixed bed gas producer comprises the following steps:
(1) after receiving a furnace withdrawal instruction, waiting for the furnace outlet temperature of the fixed bed gas producer to reach more than 600 ℃ and then withdrawing the furnace;
(2) closing the drain valves at the bottoms of the double vertical pipes, starting to seal the vertical pipes for water sealing, and cutting off the gas by the lifting of the water level;
(3) when the furnace outlet pressure is suddenly increased, the bell valve is pulled up, and the furnace exits from the pipe network; slightly opening the high-level overflow valve, opening the valve to one fifth, fully opening the valve when no gas is sprayed out, otherwise closing the valve, trying to open the valve after a moment, and adjusting spray water after keeping high-level overflow to ensure that the vertical pipe keeps normal small-amount overflow;
(4) gradually reducing the air quantity of the furnace, tightly closing an air butterfly valve, closing a steam supplementing valve, and opening a natural ventilation door when the pressure of the bottom of the furnace is 50-200 Pa; the process from closing the steam valve to opening the natural ventilation door is completed within 5 minutes, so that the phenomenon of gas suck-back due to sudden drop of air temperature after steam stop is avoided;
(5) completely closing the bottom supplement steam valve;
(6) opening a steam drum bleeding valve, and closing a steam communication valve between a steam drum outlet and a steam pipe network to ensure that the steam drum is in an open state; during the period of heat standby of the generator, coal in the generator is still in a combustion state, heat is continuously transferred to water in the jacket, the temperature and the pressure of the water are continuously increased, and the steam drum is in an open state, so that the explosion of the jacket or the steam drum can be avoided.
(7) Adjusting make-up water;
(8) under the conditions that the hot standby state and the furnace outlet temperature are more than or equal to 400 ℃, simultaneously pulling 3-4 fire detecting hole plugs without firing fire detecting steam;
(9) the air sucked from the fire detection hole causes the high-temperature coal gas continuously generated in the furnace to self-ignite under the suction action of the bell jar diffusing pipe, so as to form a self-ignition state;
(10) observing the spontaneous combustion condition in the furnace from the side surface of the flame detecting hole, and if stable flames are found on the inner surface of the furnace, indicating that the spontaneous combustion is successful, beginning to overhaul related components of the fixed bed gas producer;
(11) when the spontaneous combustion state is stopped, the fire detecting hole plug is directly covered.
Further, in the step (10), the overhaul parts comprise a stoker, a fire hole, an outlet pipe and accessories.
Furthermore, the maintenance part also comprises an ash tray, a vertical pipe, a steam drum, a bell valve and a blast box.
Furthermore, the height of a hollow layer arranged in the fixed bed gas producer furnace is 0.8-1 m. The traditional maintenance method has no requirement on a material layer, the material layer is set to be higher properly, and the rest empty layer is compressed to 0.8-1 m, so that the gathering amount of coal gas in the furnace can be reduced, the combustion amount of the coal gas can be reduced during maintenance, unnecessary waste is reduced, and the amount of flue gas after combustion can be reduced.
Further, the length of the bell jar diffusing pipe is 16-17 meters, and the bell jar diffusing pipe is increased from 15 meters to 16-17 meters so as to increase natural draft and ensure successful combustion supporting.
Further, in the step (1), the furnace is removed after the furnace outlet temperature of the fixed bed gas producer reaches 650 ℃. The annealing temperature of the traditional maintenance method is below 550 ℃, while the annealing temperature set by the invention is above 600 ℃, and the annealing temperature is set according to the later requirement that the gas in the furnace can reach the spontaneous combustion state.
Further, in step (7), the adjusting the make-up water includes: A. closing the vertical pipe spray water, opening the vertical pipe water seal to replenish water, and adjusting to a water inlet and outlet balance state; B. and (5) replenishing water in the ash tray to 300mm below the upper edge of the ash tray, and then closing.
Further, in the step (8), under the conditions of hot standby state and furnace outlet temperature of more than 600 ℃, 3-4 fire probing hole plugs are pulled out simultaneously without firing fire probing steam.
The safety maintenance principle of the invention is as follows:
explosion generated during maintenance of the atmospheric fixed bed gas producer is a kind of accident with the greatest harm, and becomes a main research object of safety maintenance due to the existence of uncertainty, influence factors and a plurality of initiation conditions and easy personal injury. Producer gas is one of the combustible gases and follows three elements that must be present when a combustible gas is exploded:
(1) the gas is present in a closed container.
(2) The gas is mixed with air or oxygen to a certain concentration range (explosion limit).
(3) The mixed gas in the explosion limit range meets open fire or reaches the ignition temperature.
The three elements need to exist at the same time to cause explosion, and if any one element is lacked, the explosion cannot occur.
The safety maintenance method of the atmospheric fixed bed gas producer of the invention is just limited by the second factor, so that the gas generated in the producer is immediately combusted on the surface of the material layer, thereby limiting the accumulation of the gas and preventing the gas in the producer from reaching the explosion limit. In this state, because the bell jar diffuser has the effect of natural suction, the furnace is basically in a negative pressure state, air continuously enters the furnace from the fire detecting hole, and the generated coal gas is supported by combustion under the high-temperature condition in the furnace, so that the coal gas is stably combusted, the mass accumulation of the coal gas in the furnace is avoided, and the purpose of eliminating explosion factors is achieved, thereby the whole producer is in a relatively safe state.
Has the advantages that:
1. the gas production place prohibits external open fire and moving fire source, and prevents accidents caused by the ignition of the gas by the external fire source. When the gas producer runs, the inside of the gas producer is coal burnt at high temperature. The invention utilizes the coal burnt at high temperature in the gas producer and the air sucked by micro negative pressure to burn the gas generated by the coal in the producer, so that the coal gas can be prevented from being gathered and escaped in the traditional method in the process of overhauling the producer, the hidden danger of coal gas accidents is eliminated, and the safety overhauling is guaranteed. Compared with daily maintenance, the traditional method is adopted for maintenance, and the over-blasting phenomenon is not caused when the method is adopted for maintenance. In addition, the gas diffused in the maintenance process of the traditional method is coal gas, and the smoke gas is used in the invention, so that the maintenance safety can be improved, and the pollution of the coal gas to the environment and the harm of the coal gas to human bodies can be reduced.
2. The positions which can be overhauled by the traditional overhauling method are an ash tray, a vertical pipe and a steam drum; the maintenance method of the invention is not only suitable for the following maintenance parts: the ash tray, the vertical pipe, the steam pocket, the bell valve, the blast box and the like, and the applicable typical maintenance parts also comprise a coal feeder, a fire detection hole, an outlet pipe and accessories, and the parts are easy to accumulate a large amount of coal gas and are attached with coal gas accidents, thereby forming serious threat to the personal safety of workers. In addition, when the lower part of the furnace body is overhauled, the overhauling method can be adopted to eliminate the hidden danger of explosion and ensure safe overhauling. The overhauling method is also suitable for all maintenance and overhauling operations of the single furnace.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a structural view of an atmospheric fixed bed gas producer;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the hot standby operation of a normal pressure gas producer;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the operation of embodiment 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the operation of the bell jar diffuser of embodiment 1.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific examples.
Structural description of atmospheric fixed bed gas producer: as shown in fig. 1, the atmospheric fixed bed gas producer comprises: a coal bunker 1; a coal feeder 2; a hearth 3; a manhole 4 is a passage for people to enter and exit the hearth; a grate 5 for discharging ash through rotation; the ash tray 6 is used for sealing the furnace bottom and is also used as an ash discharge channel; a furnace bottom blast box 7, a channel for air and steam to enter the hearth for reaction; the natural ventilation door 8 is used for introducing air into the hearth; a water jacket 9 for protecting the hearth and generating steam; a gas outlet pipe 10; and the water-sealed bell jar diffusion valve 11 is used for emergency diffusion of coal gas.
The traditional maintenance method, the hot standby working principle of the gas producer is explained as follows: as shown in fig. 2, the hearth comprises an ash layer, an oxidation layer, a reduction layer, a dry distillation layer and a drying layer from bottom to top; (1) the ash layer is a layer formed by coal combustion and plays a role in protecting a grate, supporting a material layer and heating a gasification agent, and the ash layer enables ash slag to be discharged through rotation of an ash tray and sends the ash slag away to an ash removal belt; (2) the oxidation layer is a coal combustion layer, and oxygen reacts with carbon to generate CO and CO2And release a large amount of heat; (3) the reduction layer is water vapor and CO2Reaction with carbon to form CO and H2(ii) a (4) The destructive distillation layer is volatile gas which is escaped after the coal is thermally cracked by the hot gas from the lower part; (5) the drying layer is the moisture which escapes from the coal at high temperature. The hearth is covered by the water jacket, so that the hearth can be protected and steam can be generated. The hearth is in a flameout state, air is pumped into the furnace from the natural ventilation door to react with the glowing coal in the furnace, the generated coal gas is gathered in the dry layer in the hearth and is diffused from the bell jar, and at the moment, the parts are maintained, so that the danger of coal gas explosion can occur due to the fact that the coal gas and the air in the hearth are mixed to reach a certain concentration range, and the possibility is an explosion limit; in addition, after the gas is diffused by the bell jar diffusion valve, the poisoning probability of the maintainers is high.
Example 1
The safe maintenance method of the atmospheric fixed bed gas producer comprises the following steps:
(1) after receiving a furnace withdrawal instruction, waiting for the furnace outlet temperature of the fixed bed gas producer to reach 650 ℃ and then withdrawing the furnace; the annealing temperature is set to be higher, because the higher temperature makes the gas easier to burn.
(2) Closing the drain valves at the bottoms of the double vertical pipes, starting to seal the vertical pipes for water sealing, and cutting off the gas by the lifting of the water level;
(3) when the furnace outlet pressure is suddenly increased, the bell valve is pulled up, and the furnace exits from the pipe network; slightly opening the high-level overflow valve, fully opening when no gas is sprayed out, otherwise closing, trial opening after 3 minutes, closing the vertical pipe spray after no gas is sprayed out and maintaining high-level overflow, opening the vertical pipe water seal to supplement water, and adjusting to a water inlet and outlet balance state;
(4) gradually reducing the air quantity of the furnace, adjusting the furnace condition, tightly closing an air butterfly valve, closing a steam supplementing valve, and opening a natural ventilation door when the pressure of the furnace bottom is 50-200 Pa; the process from closing the steam valve to opening the natural ventilation door is completed within 5 minutes, so that the phenomenon of gas suck-back due to sudden drop of air temperature after steam stop is avoided;
(5) completely closing the bottom supplement steam valve;
(6) opening a steam drum bleeding valve, and closing a steam communication valve between a steam drum outlet and a steam pipe network to ensure that the steam drum is in an open state; during the period of heat standby of the generator, coal in the generator is still in a combustion state, heat is continuously transferred to water in the jacket, the temperature and the pressure of the water are continuously increased, and the steam drum is in an open state, so that the explosion of the jacket or the steam drum can be avoided.
(7) Adjusting various make-up waters: A. closing the vertical pipe spray water, opening the vertical pipe water seal to replenish water, and adjusting to a water inlet and outlet balance state; B. replenishing water in the ash tray to 300mm below the upper edge of the ash tray, and then closing the ash tray;
(8) under the conditions of a hot standby state and a furnace outlet temperature of 600 ℃, directly pulling 3-4 fire detecting hole plugs without firing fire detecting steam;
(9) the air sucked from the fire detection hole causes the high-temperature coal gas continuously generated in the furnace to self-ignite under the suction action of the bell jar diffusing pipe, so as to form a self-ignition state;
(10) carefully observing the spontaneous combustion condition in the furnace from the side surface of the flame detecting hole, and if stable flames are found on the inner surface of the furnace, indicating that the spontaneous combustion is successful, beginning to overhaul related components of the fixed bed gas producer; the related parts for overhauling comprise a coal feeder, a fire detection hole, an outlet pipe and accessories, and the parts are easy to accumulate a large amount of coal gas and are attached with coal gas accidents, so that the personal safety of workers is seriously threatened. The maintenance site also includes a dust pan, a standpipe, a drum, a bell valve, and a blow box. In addition, when the lower part of the furnace body is overhauled, the method can be adopted, the hidden danger of explosion is eliminated, and the safe overhaul is ensured.
(11) When the spontaneous combustion state is stopped, the fire detecting hole plug is directly covered.
According to the working principle of the embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the hearth comprises an ash layer, an oxidation layer, a reduction layer, a dry distillation layer and a drying layer from bottom to top, according to the operation of the steps (1) to (10) in the embodiment, the coal gas in the hearth is self-ignited, the height of a vacant layer in the furnace is compressed to 1 meter, the coal gas generated in the furnace is ensured to be burnt in time, and therefore the coal gas in the hearth can be prevented from being mixed with air to reach the explosion limit, and the safety of maintenance personnel is ensured; in addition, the gas generates smoke after being combusted and is diffused by a bell jar diffusing valve, and due to no gas emission, the toxic condition of maintainers can not occur.
As shown in figure 4, the outlet of the bell valve diffusion pipe is positioned at a high position and is lengthened to 17 meters, weak suction force can be generated, a micro negative pressure state is formed in the furnace, air is sucked from the fire probing hole, and the coal gas in the furnace is supported.
Effect verification: since 2009, the gas station producer of Guangxi silver-aluminum industry Co Ltd is maintained by the maintenance method of the invention, and forms standard operation specifications, thereby providing guarantee for the safe operation of some long-time maintenance items (such as coal changing machine, bell valve changing, blast box changing), and providing favorable support for improving the safety and efficiency of the treatment furnace. In 2014-2018, a plurality of enterprises in the same row investigate and demonstrate the maintenance method, and the safety, the high efficiency and the practicability of the maintenance method are fully determined.
Although the present invention has been described with respect to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. The safe maintenance method of the atmospheric fixed bed gas producer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) after receiving a furnace withdrawal instruction, waiting for the furnace outlet temperature of the atmospheric fixed bed gas producer to reach more than 600 ℃ and then withdrawing the furnace;
(2) closing the drain valves at the bottoms of the double vertical pipes, starting to seal the vertical pipes for water sealing, and cutting off the gas by the lifting of the water level;
(3) when the furnace outlet pressure is suddenly increased, the bell valve is pulled up, and the furnace exits from the pipe network; slightly opening the high-level overflow valve, fully opening when no gas is sprayed out, otherwise closing, trial opening until no gas is sprayed out, closing the vertical pipe spray after keeping the high-level overflow, opening the vertical pipe water seal to supplement water, and adjusting to a water inlet and outlet balance state;
(4) gradually reducing the air quantity of the furnace, tightly closing an air butterfly valve, closing a steam supplementing valve, and opening a natural ventilation door when the pressure of the bottom of the furnace is 50-200 Pa; the closing of the steam valve and the opening of the natural ventilation door are completed within 5 minutes;
(5) completely closing the bottom supplement steam valve;
(6) opening a steam drum bleeding valve, and closing a steam communication valve between a steam drum outlet and a steam pipe network to ensure that the steam drum is in an open state;
(7) adjusting make-up water;
(8) under the conditions that the hot standby state and the furnace outlet temperature are more than or equal to 400 ℃, ensuring that the fire detection steam is in a closed state, and simultaneously pulling 3-4 fire detection hole plugs;
(9) the air sucked from the fire detection hole causes the high-temperature coal gas continuously generated in the furnace to self-ignite through the suction action of the bell jar diffusing pipe, so as to form a self-ignition state;
(10) observing the spontaneous combustion condition in the furnace from the side surface of the flame detecting hole, and if stable flames are found on the inner surface of the furnace, indicating that the spontaneous combustion is successful, beginning to overhaul related components of the atmospheric fixed bed gas producer;
(11) when the spontaneous combustion state is stopped, the fire detecting hole plug is directly covered.
2. The safety overhaul method of the atmospheric fixed bed gas producer of claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (10), relevant parts of the atmospheric fixed bed gas producer comprise a stoker, a fire detection hole, an outlet pipe and accessories.
3. The safety overhaul method of the atmospheric fixed bed gas producer as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the related parts of the atmospheric fixed bed gas producer also comprise an ash tray, a vertical pipe, a steam drum, a bell valve and a blast box.
4. The safety overhaul method of the atmospheric fixed bed gas producer of claim 1, which is characterized in that: the height of a hollow layer arranged in the atmospheric fixed bed gas producer furnace is 0.8-1 m.
5. The safety overhaul method of the atmospheric fixed bed gas producer of claim 1, which is characterized in that: the length of the bell jar diffusing pipe is 16-17 meters.
6. The safety overhaul method of the atmospheric fixed bed gas producer of claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (1), the furnace is removed after the furnace outlet temperature of the fixed bed gas producer reaches 650 ℃.
7. The safety overhaul method of the atmospheric fixed bed gas producer of claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (7), adjusting the make-up water comprises A, closing vertical pipe spray water, opening vertical pipe water seal make-up water, and adjusting to a water inlet and outlet balance state; B. and (5) replenishing water in the ash tray to 300mm below the upper edge of the ash tray, and then closing.
8. The safety overhaul method of the atmospheric fixed bed gas producer of claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (8), under the conditions that the hot standby state and the furnace outlet temperature are over 600 ℃, the firing detection steam is ensured to be in a closed state, and 3-4 firing detection hole plugs are pulled out at the same time.
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