CN110697602A

CN110697602A - Reel lifting mechanism and lifting device and method provided with same

Info

Publication number: CN110697602A
Application number: CN201911166360.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 肖鑫
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2019-11-25
Filing date: 2019-11-25
Publication date: 2020-01-17

Abstract

The application discloses a reel lifting mechanism, a lifting device provided with the same and a method, belongs to the field of lifting devices and is used for lifting heavy objects, the reel lifting mechanism comprises a reel sleeved on a shaft body, an inner shaft seat is further arranged on the shaft body and is in contact with one end of the reel, an elastic sheet placing hole is processed at one end of the inner shaft seat, which is far away from the reel, and an elastic sheet is placed in the elastic sheet placing hole; the end part of the shaft body far away from the reel is provided with an external thread and a thread section coaxial with the external thread, wherein the shaft body is connected with an outer shaft seat through the external thread, the outer side of the outer shaft seat is fixed with the shaft body through a locking nut, and the locking nut is in thread connection with the thread section; a ratchet wheel coaxial with the inner shaft seat and the outer shaft seat is arranged between the inner shaft seat and the outer shaft seat, and an inner friction plate and an outer friction plate are respectively arranged on two sides of the ratchet wheel. In view of above-mentioned technical scheme, this application can realize hoisting the heavy object including freight train steering gear in narrow and small space, and the volume is less portable moreover.

Description

Reel lifting mechanism and lifting device and method provided with same

Technical Field

This application belongs to the hoist device field, and specifically speaking especially relates to a reel hoist mechanism and install hoisting device of this mechanism.

Background

In the process of hoisting the heavy object, the hoisting mechanism is required to hoist the heavy object easily, the heavy object needs to be suspended to a certain height, and the hoisted goods can be kept still after the heavy object is suspended. For example, in the process of maintaining the steering gear of a truck, since the operating space of the steering gear of the truck is narrow, a large hoisting device cannot be effectively placed, which causes time and labor waste and certain danger in the maintenance operation of the steering gear of the truck.

Disclosure of Invention

An object of this application is to provide a reel hoist mechanism and install hoisting device of this mechanism, it can realize hoisting the heavy object including freight train steering gear in narrow and small space, and the volume is less portable moreover.

In order to achieve the purpose, the method is realized by the following technical scheme:

the winch wheel lifting mechanism comprises a winch wheel and a shaft body, wherein the winch wheel is sleeved on the shaft body, an inner shaft seat is further mounted on the shaft body, the inner shaft seat is in contact with one end of the winch wheel, an elastic sheet placing hole is formed in one end, away from the winch wheel, of the inner shaft seat, and an elastic sheet is placed in the elastic sheet placing hole; the end part of the shaft body far away from the reel is provided with an external thread and a thread section coaxial with the external thread, wherein the shaft body is connected with an outer shaft seat through the external thread, the outer side of the outer shaft seat is fixed with the shaft body through a locking nut, and the locking nut is in thread connection with the thread section; a ratchet wheel coaxial with the inner shaft seat and the outer shaft seat is arranged between the inner shaft seat and the outer shaft seat, and an inner friction plate and an outer friction plate are respectively arranged on two sides of the ratchet wheel.

Further say, interior axle bed in this application including annular plate body, the inboard of annular plate body is provided with the interior axle bed cover body, the outside of annular plate body is provided with the flexible piece and places the hole.

Furthermore, the outer shaft seat comprises an annular plate body, an outer shaft seat sleeve body is processed on the inner side of the annular plate body, an outer shaft seat connecting part is processed on the outer side of the annular plate body, and the locking nut is located in the outer shaft seat connecting part and connected with the shaft body; the ratchet wheel, the inner friction plate and the outer friction plate are sleeved on the outer shaft seat sleeve body.

Further, the outer surface of the wheel body of the reel is provided with a spiral wire groove for winding the rope body, and the end face of the reel, which is far away from the inner shaft seat, is provided with an outer limiting piece of the reel.

Furthermore, the reel in this application is located the terminal surface processing of reel outer spacing piece and is had the lead wire groove, and the afterbody processing of lead wire groove has the spliced eye.

Further, the outer shaft seat is connected with a ratchet wrench.

In this application a install hoisting device of above-mentioned reel hoist mechanism, including the base, its characterized in that: the base is fixedly or detachably connected with a lower rod body, and the lower rod body is connected with an upper rod body in an inserting manner; a frame body is fixed at the end part of the upper rod body, and a reel lifting mechanism and a guide wheel matched with the reel lifting mechanism are connected to the frame body; a rope body is fixed on a reel in the reel lifting mechanism, and the rope body is led out from the reel and then is connected with a hook through a guide wheel.

Furthermore, an adjusting plate is fixed at the bottom of the lower rod body, a hinge is arranged on the adjusting plate, and the hinge is connected with a hinge seat on the base through a plug connector; the adjusting plate is also provided with a movable limiting plate, the base is provided with a base limiting plate matched with the movable limiting plate, and the base limiting plate is connected with a limiting hole in the movable limiting plate through a plug connector after being aligned.

Further say, in this application the lower body of rod on along its length direction processing have the adjustment hole, the adjustment hole contacts through the bottom of adjusting the pole and the last body of rod, the bottom processing of going up the body of rod have with adjust the spacing piece of the body of rod of pole complex.

Further, the bottom of the base is provided with a traveling wheel; at least one group of the walking wheels is a universal wheel.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this application are:

1. this application makes things convenient for the heavy object to promote through the rational arrangement of reel hoist mechanism's mechanical structure, and can hover by the optional position after the heavy object promotes, and can not take place after hovering apart from great whereabouts, guarantees the security of heavy object promotion and decline process.

2. This application is through setting up the reel hoist mechanism on the last body of rod to the body of rod, the lower body of rod and the connection structure of base in the cooperation can guarantee the operation of hoisting of heavy object in narrow and small space, can guarantee the stability of the process of hovering after hoisting moreover, and then guarantees the hoist and mount of heavy object in the maintenance process including freight train steering gear.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a sheave lifting mechanism in the present application.

Fig. 2 is an exploded schematic view of a sheave lift mechanism of the present application.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the construction of a reel in the present application.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the internal shaft seat in the present application.

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the outer shaft seat in the present application.

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an outer shaft seat in the present application.

Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the overall construction of the lifting device described in the present application.

Fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of the frame body and the upper rod body in the present application.

Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a lower rod body in the present application.

Fig. 10 is a schematic structural view of a base in the present application.

Fig. 11 is a schematic structural view of a shaft body in the present application.

Fig. 12 is a schematic view of the structure of the elastic sheet of the present application.

In the figure: 1. a guide wheel; 2. a frame body; 3. a reel outer limiting sheet; 4. a reel; 5. a rod body is arranged; 6. a lower rod body; 7. an adjustment hole; 8. an adjusting plate; 9. a base; 10. a traveling wheel; 11. a hinge base; 12. a hinge; 13. a plug-in unit; 14. a base limiting plate; 15. a pawl; 16. an inner shaft seat; 17. a ratchet wheel; 18. fastening a nut; 19. an outer shaft seat; 20. a ratchet wrench; 21. a movable limit plate; 22. an outer friction plate; 23. an inner friction plate; 24. a shaft body; 25. a limiting piece connecting hole; 26. a reel connecting hole; 27. the outer part of the reel is convex; 28. a lead slot; 29. inserting holes; 30. a spiral wire groove; 31. an elastic sheet placing hole; 32. an elastic sheet; 33. an inner shaft seat sleeve body; 34. an outer shaft seat sleeve body; 35. an outer hub connection portion; 36. a stepped hole; 37. a rod body limiting piece; 38. a threaded segment.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions described in the present application are further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be noted that the following paragraphs may refer to terms of orientation, including but not limited to "upper, lower, left, right, front, rear" and the like, which are all based on the visual orientation shown in the drawings corresponding to the specification, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present application or the technical solutions, which are merely intended to facilitate those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present invention.

In the description of the present specification, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.

Example 1

A reel lifting mechanism comprises a shaft body 24, a reel 4 is mounted on the shaft body 24, and the reel 4 and the shaft body 24 do not rotate relatively. An inner shaft seat 16 is further installed on one side, close to the reel 4, of the shaft body 24, one end of the inner shaft seat 16 is in contact with the end face of the reel 4, an elastic sheet placing hole 31 is processed at one end, far away from the reel 4, of the inner shaft seat 16, and an elastic sheet 32 sleeved on the shaft body 24 is placed in the elastic sheet placing hole 31. The elastic sheet 32 contacts with one end of the outer axle seat 19 screwed on the axle body 24, and the end of the outer axle seat 19 far away from the elastic sheet 32 is fixed after being connected with the threaded section 38 on the axle body 24 through the fastening nut 18. A ratchet 17 is arranged between the inner shaft seat 16 and the outer shaft seat 19, inner friction plates 23 and outer friction plates 22 are arranged on two sides of the ratchet 17, and the ratchet 17, the inner friction plates 23, the outer friction plates 22 and a shaft body 24 are coaxially arranged.

Example 2

A winch lifting mechanism is characterized in that an inner shaft seat 16 and an outer shaft seat 19 both comprise annular plate bodies. An inner shaft seat sleeve body 33 and an elastic sheet placing hole 31 which are integrated with the inner shaft seat 16 are respectively arranged on two sides of the annular plate body of the inner shaft seat 16, the inner shaft seat sleeve body 33 is contacted with the end face of the reel 4, and the elastic sheet 31 sleeved on the shaft body 24 is placed in the elastic sheet placing hole 31. The outer shaft seat 19 is provided with an outer shaft seat sleeve body 34 and an outer shaft seat connecting part 35 on two sides of an annular plate body of the outer shaft seat 19 respectively, wherein the end part of the outer shaft seat sleeve body 34 is in contact with the elastic sheet 31, the outer shaft seat sleeve body 34 is sleeved with the ratchet 17 and the inner friction sheet 23 and the outer friction sheet 22 which are arranged on two sides of the ratchet 17, and after the outer shaft seat 19 is in threaded connection with the shaft body 24, the threaded section 38 on the shaft body 24 is positioned in the outer shaft seat connecting part 35 and fixes the outer shaft seat 19 through the fastening nut 18. The structures and the connection relations of the rest parts are the same as those described in any of the previous embodiments.

Example 3

A winch wheel lifting mechanism is characterized in that two ends of a winch wheel 4 are respectively provided with an outer winch wheel limiting piece 3, and the outer winch wheel limiting pieces 3 located at one end, far away from an inner shaft seat 16, of the winch wheel 4 are connected in a detachable mode. Namely, a limiting piece connecting hole 25 is processed on the reel outer limiting piece 3 which is positioned at one end of the reel 4 far away from the inner shaft seat 16, a reel connecting hole 26 is processed on the reel 4, and the reel outer limiting piece 3 and the reel 4 are connected and fixed after a fastening screw penetrates through the limiting piece connecting hole 25 and the reel connecting hole 26. A lead groove 28 for leading in and pressing the rope body is further processed on the end face of the reel 4 far away from the inner shaft seat 16, an inserting hole 29 is processed at the tail end of the lead groove 28, and the inserting hole 29 can enable the rope body to be inserted and fix the rope body under the matching of the lead groove 28 and the reel outer limiting piece 3. The outer surface of the reel 4 is provided with a spiral groove 30 for winding the rope body. The structures and the connection relations of the rest parts are the same as those described in any of the previous embodiments.

Example 4

A winch wheel lifting mechanism is characterized in that an outer shaft seat 19 is connected with a ratchet wrench on an outer shaft seat connecting part 35. The structures and the connection relations of the rest parts are the same as those described in any of the previous embodiments.

Example 5

A lifting device provided with a ratchet lifting mechanism comprises a base 9 placed on a horizontal plane, a lower rod body 6 is arranged on the base 9, and the bottom end of the lower rod body 6 is fixed on the base 9 or is detachably connected to the base 9. Lower body of rod 6 on peg graft and to have the body of rod 5, the top of the body of rod 5 is fixed with support body 2, support body 2 sets up for base 9 level, is provided with the reel mechanism of embodiment 1-embodiment 5 in the one end that support body 2 is close to the body of rod 5, is provided with leading wheel 1 at the free end of support body 2, the rope body that the internal capstan wheel 4 of capstan wheel hoist mechanism is connected with the couple behind leading wheel 1. The structures and the connection relations of the rest parts are the same as those described in any of the previous embodiments.

Example 6

The utility model provides an install hoisting device of hank wheel hoist mechanism, wherein lower body of rod 6 be fixed with regulating plate 8 on the bottom terminal surface, regulating plate 8 passes through hinge 12 and is connected through plug connector 13 with hinge seat 11 on the base 9, plug connector 13 be U type spare, the fixed movable limiting plate 21 of other end and base limiting plate 14 of U type plug connector 13, movable limiting plate 21 is located regulating plate 8, base limiting plate 14 is located base 9. The structures and the connection relations of the rest parts are the same as those described in any of the previous embodiments.

Example 7

A lifting device provided with a reel lifting mechanism is characterized in that an adjusting hole 7 is formed in the lower rod body 6 along the length direction of the lower rod body, the adjusting hole 7 is in contact with the bottom end of an upper rod body 5 through an adjusting rod, and a rod body limiting piece 37 matched with the adjusting rod is formed in the bottom end of the upper rod body 5; the bottom of the base 9 is provided with a travelling wheel 10; at least one group of the walking wheels 10 is a universal wheel. The structures and the connection relations of the rest parts are the same as those described in any of the previous embodiments.

Example 8

A paying-off method applied to a reel lifting mechanism and a lifting device is characterized in that in the process that an outer shaft seat 19 is screwed out relative to a shaft body 24, a reel 4 drives an outer thread at the end part of the shaft body 24 to screw into the outer shaft seat 19 under the traction action of a rope body.

On the basis of the above-mentioned embodiments, the present application continues to describe the technical features and functions of the technical features mentioned therein in detail to help those skilled in the art to fully understand the technical solutions of the present application and reproduce the same.

Ratchet hoist mechanism in this application, including reel 4, the structure of reel 4 is as shown in fig. 2, and it is including setting up in the spiral groove 30 of 4 surfaces of reel, and spiral groove 30 is used for supplying the direction of rope bodies such as wire rope at the in-process of coiling. One end of the reel 4 far away from the inner shaft seat 16 is provided with a separable reel outer limiting sheet 3, and the reel outer limiting sheet 3 is connected with a reel connecting hole 26 processed on the corresponding end surface of the reel 4 in a screw connection mode through a limiting sheet connecting hole 25 processed on the reel outer limiting sheet. In this application, spacing piece connecting hole 25 and reel connecting hole 26 not adjust well completely, but be provided with the surplus of dislocation to guarantee to have comparatively firm relation of connection after adjusting through the screw connection, avoid adjusting the problem that the fastening screw that probably leads to is not hard up to drop under the condition well completely.

In the present application, in order to fix the rope body such as the wire rope to the sheave 4 more stably and preferably, a lead groove 28 for limiting the rope body such as the wire rope is further formed in the end surface of the sheave 4. The lead groove 28 can provide an embedded groove for putting in rope bodies such as steel wire ropes and the like and can be matched with the outer limiting piece 3 of the reel to complete the pressing of the rope bodies such as the steel wire ropes and the like on the end face of the reel 4. In order to further enhance the fixing of the rope body such as the steel wire rope on the sheave 4, the tail part of the lead groove 28 is further processed with an insertion hole 29, and the insertion hole 29 can allow the end part of the rope body such as the steel wire rope to be inserted into the sheave 4 so as to assist in realizing the fixing of the steel wire rope on the sheave 4.

In this application, the both ends of reel 4 all be provided with the outer spacing piece 3 of reel, the outer spacing piece 3 of reel can form the region of restriction rope body motion in the both sides of reel 4 and the cooperation of reel 4 to guarantee that reel 4 can stabilize the winding rope body at the winding in-process. In practical use, the external limiting piece 3 of the reel, which is positioned on one side of the internal shaft seat 16, of the reel 4 can be set into a structure integrated with the reel 4, so as to simplify the parts of the structure as much as possible.

In the present application, the shaft body 24 is externally threaded at the position where the inner shaft seat 16 and the outer shaft seat 19 are connected, and is connected with the inner shaft seat 16 and the outer shaft seat 19 through the external threads, although the inner shaft seat 16 may also be fixed on the shaft body 24. The inner and

outer shaft holders

16 and 19 described in the present application are configured as shown in fig. 3 and 4. The inner shaft seat 16 and the outer shaft seat 19 both comprise annular plate bodies, and an inner shaft seat sleeve body 33 and an elastic sheet placing hole 31 are respectively arranged on two sides of each annular plate body, wherein the elastic sheet placing hole 31 is a counter bore processed on the annular plate body, and the thickness of the counter bore is slightly lower than the height of the elastic sheet 32. The outer shaft seat 19 is provided with an outer shaft seat sleeve body 34 and an outer shaft seat connecting part 35 on two sides of the annular plate body respectively, wherein the end surface of the outer shaft seat sleeve body 34 can be contacted with the elastic sheet 32 positioned in the elastic sheet placing hole 31 after being connected on the shaft body 24, and an area for sleeving the ratchet wheel 17 is formed between the outer shaft seat sleeve body 34 and the inner shaft seat 16. The external threads processed at the positions where the shaft body 24 is connected with the inner shaft seat 16 and the outer shaft seat 19 are multi-thread (also called multi-thread), and the multi-thread can move several times of thread pitch every time the multi-thread rotates for one circle, so that the number of rotation turns required by threaded connection can be effectively reduced. The elastic sheet 32 in the present application is a circular plate with through holes, and both sides of the circular plate are gradually bent downwards by taking the diameter direction of the circular plate as a symmetry line.

In the application, the ratchet 17 is sleeved on the outer shaft seat sleeve body 34, the outer shaft seat sleeve body 34 is further sleeved with the inner friction plate 23 and the outer friction plate 22, and the inner friction plate 23 and the outer friction plate 22 are respectively positioned on two sides of the ratchet 17. The shaft body 24 passes through the outer shaft seat sleeve body 34 and then extends into the outer shaft seat connecting part 35, and is in threaded connection with the fastening nut 18 in the outer shaft seat 35. When the distance between the inner shaft seat 16 and the outer shaft seat 19 is reduced, the inner shaft seat 16 and the outer shaft seat 19 can apply acting force to the friction plates at the respective positions, so that the rotation phenomenon of the ratchet 17 around the outer shaft seat sleeve 34 is limited by the friction plates.

The winch wheel lifting mechanism described in the above paragraph is mounted on the frame body 2 through the axle body 24 or the axle body 24 and the inner axle seat 16 together. The tail end of the frame body 2 is welded with an upper rod body 5, and the front end of the frame body 2 is provided with a guide wheel 1. The upper rod body 5 is inserted into the lower rod body 6, and the lower rod body 6 is a hollow pipe body. As shown in fig. 8, the lower rod 6 in the present application has an adjusting plate 8 fixed to a bottom end thereof, and a plurality of adjusting holes 7 are formed at positions near the bottom end and distributed along a length direction of the lower rod 6. The adjustment hole 7 achieves height limitation of the bottom end of the upper rod body 5 relative to the horizontal plane by the inserted adjustment rod. Considering that the problem of the whole hoisting device is overturned if the left-right swing amplitude of the frame body 2 is too large (for example, exceeds the range of the base 9) after the heavy object is hoisted, a rod body limiting sheet 37 can be processed on the bottom end surface of the upper rod body 5. The rod body limiting piece 37 is a rod body structure protruding from the bottom end face of the upper rod body 5, and can be limited by an adjusting rod inserted in the adjusting hole 7 in the rotating process, so that the swing amplitude of the frame body 2 is limited.

In this application, plug connector 13 be U-shaped spare, its one end can peg graft in adjusting hinge seat 11 and hinge 12 after, the other end can peg graft in adjusting the spacing hole on seat body limiting plate 14 and the active limiting plate 21 after well to the realization is fixed regulating plate 8 on base 9. For example, after the truck steering gear is disassembled, the steering gear can be placed on the base 9, the inclination angle of the lower rod body 6 relative to the base 9 can be adjusted through the plugging and unplugging connector 13, and then the steering gear on the truck can be conveniently pulled out from the bottom of the truck.

The using method of the lifting device comprises the following steps that firstly, a steel wire rope is required to be inserted into an insertion hole 29 of a reel 4 and led out to a spiral line groove 20 along a lead groove 28, the steel wire rope is effectively limited through a reel outer limiting piece 3, the steel wire rope is led out to the top of a guide wheel 1 from the bottom of the reel 4 and penetrates through the top of the guide wheel 1 to be connected with a heavy object through a hook.

Under the condition that the steel wire rope has no heavy load, the elastic sheet 32 in the elastic sheet placing hole 31 can increase the fit clearance between the inner shaft seat 16 and the outer shaft seat 19, so that the ratchet wheel 17 between the inner shaft seat and the outer shaft seat is ensured not to be affected by the inner friction sheets 23 and the outer friction sheets 22 on the two sides, and even if the pawl 15 is clamped on the ratchet wheel 17, the steel wire rope can still drive the reel 4 and the shaft body 24 thereof to rotate when being pulled, and the steel wire rope is discharged.

After the tail end of the steel wire rope is hung with a heavy object, the steel wire rope is wound on the reel, so that the acting force of the heavy object can be transmitted to the reel 4 through the rope bodies such as the steel wire rope and the like, and the reel 4 drives the shaft body 24 to rotate. As described above, the shaft body 24 is connected with the outer shaft seat 19 through the screw thread, the rotation of the shaft body 24 can enable the screw thread at the joint of the shaft body 24 and the outer shaft seat 19 to be screwed into the outer shaft seat 19, so as to reduce the distance between the outer shaft seat 19 and the inner shaft seat 16, and the inner shaft seat 16 and the outer shaft seat 19 respectively extrude the friction plates at the corresponding positions, so that the inner shaft seat 16, the ratchet 17 and the outer shaft seat 19 form a whole rotating in the same direction through the friction plates, when the ratchet wrench drives the outer shaft seat 19 to rotate in a take-up state, the outer shaft seat 19 can drive the inner shaft seat 16, the ratchet 17 and the reel 4 to rotate through the shaft body, thereby realizing the winding operation of ropes such as a steel wire rope on the reel.

In this application, it is mentioned above that a weight needs to be suspended after being lifted to a certain extent. At this time, the heavy object still applies an acting force to the sheave 4 through a rope such as a wire rope to promote the rotation thereof, and the acting force is transmitted to the structure formed by the inner shaft seat 16, the ratchet 17 and the outer shaft seat 19 through the sheave 4 and is stopped by the limit action of the ratchet 17 and the pawl 15.

In the process of fine adjustment, the ratchet wrench 20 rotates in the direction of putting down the rope bodies such as the steel wire rope, that is, when the ratchet wrench 20 drives the outer shaft seat 19 to rotate in the paying-off state (relative to the reverse rotation in the winding-up state in the above paragraph), the acting force applied on the reel 4 by the rope bodies such as the steel wire rope can drive the shaft body 24 to revolve toward the outer shaft seat 19, so that dynamic balance is formed between the shaft body 24 and the outer shaft seat 19, the rope body of the reel 4 is paid-off for a certain distance in the process that the shaft body 24 revolves toward the outer shaft seat 19, and then the weight is lowered to a proper height and automatically locked under the condition that the ratchet 17 and the pawl 15 are still limited (the heavy object is prevented from falling suddenly).

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a reel hoist mechanism, includes reel (4), axis body (24), and reel (4) cup joint on axis body (24), its characterized in that: an inner shaft seat (16) is further mounted on the shaft body (24), the inner shaft seat (16) is in contact with one end of the reel (4), an elastic sheet placing hole (31) is formed in one end, away from the reel (4), of the inner shaft seat (16), and an elastic sheet (31) is placed in the elastic sheet placing hole (31); the end part of the shaft body (24) far away from the reel (4) is provided with an external thread and a thread section (38) coaxial with the external thread, wherein the shaft body (24) is connected with an external shaft seat (19) through the external thread, the outer side of the external shaft seat (19) is fixed with the shaft body (24) through a locking nut (18), and the locking nut (18) is in thread connection with the thread section (38); a ratchet wheel (17) coaxial with the inner shaft seat (16) and the outer shaft seat (19) is arranged between the inner shaft seat (16) and the outer shaft seat, and an inner friction plate (23) and an outer friction plate (22) are respectively arranged at two sides of the ratchet wheel (17).

2. Sheave lifting mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: the inner shaft seat (16) comprises an annular plate body, an inner shaft seat sleeve body (33) is arranged on the inner side of the annular plate body, and an elastic sheet placing hole (31) is formed in the outer side of the annular plate body.

3. Sheave lifting mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: the outer shaft seat (19) comprises an annular plate body, an outer shaft seat sleeve body (34) is processed on the inner side of the annular plate body, an outer shaft seat connecting part (35) is processed on the outer side of the annular plate body, and the locking nut (18) is located in the outer shaft seat connecting part (35) and connected with the shaft body (24); the ratchet wheel (17), the inner friction plate (23) and the outer friction plate (22) are sleeved on the outer shaft seat sleeve body (34).

4. Sheave lifting mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: the outer surface of the wheel body of the reel (4) is provided with a spiral line groove (30) for winding the rope body, and the end surface of the reel (4) far away from the inner shaft seat (16) is provided with a reel outer limiting sheet (3).

5. The sheave lifting mechanism of claim 4, wherein: the reel (4) is provided with a lead groove (28) on the end surface of the reel outer limiting sheet (3), and the tail part of the lead groove (28) is provided with a plug-in hole (29).

6. Sheave lifting mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: the outer shaft seat (19) is connected with a ratchet wrench (20).

7. A lifting device equipped with a sheave lifting mechanism as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising a base (9), characterized in that: the base (9) is fixedly or detachably connected with a lower rod body (6), and the lower rod body (6) is connected with an upper rod body (5) in an inserting manner; a frame body (2) is fixed at the end part of the upper rod body (5), and a reel lifting mechanism and a guide wheel (1) matched with the reel lifting mechanism are connected to the frame body (2); a rope body is fixed on a reel (4) in the reel lifting mechanism, and the rope body is led out from the reel (4) and then is connected with a hook through a guide wheel (1).

8. The lifting device of claim 7, wherein: an adjusting plate (8) is fixed at the bottom of the lower rod body (6), a hinge (12) is arranged on the adjusting plate (8), and the hinge (12) is connected with a hinge seat (11) on the base (9) through a plug connector (13); the adjusting plate (8) is also provided with a movable limiting plate (21), the base (9) is provided with a base limiting plate (14) matched with the movable limiting plate (21), and the base limiting plate (14) is connected with a limiting hole on the movable limiting plate (21) through the plug connector (1) after being aligned.

9. The lifting device of claim 7, wherein: the lower rod body (6) is provided with an adjusting hole (7) along the length direction, the adjusting hole (7) is in contact with the bottom end of the upper rod body (5) through an adjusting rod, and the bottom end of the upper rod body (5) is provided with a rod body limiting piece (37) matched with the adjusting rod.

10. A paying-off method applied to a reel lifting mechanism and a lifting device is characterized in that: in the process that the outer shaft seat (19) is screwed out relative to the shaft body (24), the reel (4) drives the external thread at the end part of the shaft body (24) to be screwed into the outer shaft seat (19) under the traction action of the rope body.