CN110696179A - 混凝土传感光纤的铺设方法 - Google Patents

混凝土传感光纤的铺设方法 Download PDF

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CN110696179A
CN110696179A CN201911005335.1A CN201911005335A CN110696179A CN 110696179 A CN110696179 A CN 110696179A CN 201911005335 A CN201911005335 A CN 201911005335A CN 110696179 A CN110696179 A CN 110696179A
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optical fiber
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张亮
孙畅
陈章豪
龚焱华
陶腾
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Shanghai Zhongxing Sijie Communication Co Ltd
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    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
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    • G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
    • G01D5/35338—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using other arrangements than interferometer arrangements
    • G01D5/35354—Sensor working in reflection
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
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    • G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
    • G01D5/35338—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using other arrangements than interferometer arrangements
    • G01D5/35354—Sensor working in reflection
    • G01D5/35358—Sensor working in reflection using backscattering to detect the measured quantity
    • G01D5/35361—Sensor working in reflection using backscattering to detect the measured quantity using elastic backscattering to detect the measured quantity, e.g. using Rayleigh backscattering
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    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
    • G01D5/35338—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using other arrangements than interferometer arrangements
    • G01D5/35354—Sensor working in reflection
    • G01D5/35358—Sensor working in reflection using backscattering to detect the measured quantity
    • G01D5/35364—Sensor working in reflection using backscattering to detect the measured quantity using inelastic backscattering to detect the measured quantity, e.g. using Brillouin or Raman backscattering

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种混凝土传感光纤的铺设方法，包括以下步骤：在混凝土浇筑区的钢筋骨架搭建完成后，混凝土浇筑振捣前，选定传感光纤布设区段；在混凝土浇筑区外预留一段预留光纤，所述预留光纤用于接驳分布式光纤传感设备；在选定的传感光纤布设区段内，将传感光纤沿着混凝土钢筋骨架走向固定在钢筋骨架上。采用上述技术方案，可以将传感光纤提前预置在混凝土结构内部，对混凝土结构无伤害。

Description

混凝土传感光纤的铺设方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种混凝土传感光纤的铺设方法，属于混凝土施工技术领域。
背景技术
分布式光纤传感技术主要是基于光的反射和干涉，利用光纤中的光散射或非线性效应随外部环境产生的变化来进行传感的。根据被测光信号的不同，分布式光纤传感技术分为基于光纤中的瑞利散射、拉曼散射和布里渊散射三种类型；根据信号分析法，可分为基于时域和基于频域的分布式光纤传感技术。在分布式光纤传感***中，光纤既是信息传输介质，又是信号传感单元。该***中，整根光纤均为传感单元，传感点是连续分布的，因此该传感方法可以测量光纤沿线任意位置处的信息。随着光器件和信号处理技术的发展，分布式光纤传感***最大传感范围已达几十至几百公里以上，甚至可达数万公里。分布式光纤传感技术的研究和应用已得到高度重视，目前成为了传感技术的重要研究方向。
与传统电类或机械类传感技术相比，分布式光纤传感技术具有以下优点：(1)抗电磁干扰、绝缘性好、耐腐蚀。光纤主要成分为二氧化硅，化学性质稳定，因此具有抗电磁干扰、绝缘性好、耐腐蚀的特性，可以应用在恶劣的环境中，如强辐射、高腐蚀、易燃易爆等场所；(2)体积小、质量轻、可塑性强。光纤纤芯直径最多仅有几十微米，体积小、质量轻，可以进行一定程度的弯曲，因此可以随被测物体形状改变走向。既可以埋入复合材料内，也可以粘贴在材料表面；(3)带宽大、损耗低、易于长距离传输。分布式光纤传感***中，光纤信号传输损耗小、带宽大，可以进行几百公里甚至上万公里的信号传输；(4)可测参量多、可测对象广。利用不同的传感算法，分布式光纤传感***可以实现多种参量的传感，包括但不限于温度、振动、应力、电流、电压、弯曲、位移、湿度、酸碱浓度等，因此，能够测量的对象和应用范围非常广泛；(5)便于复用和组网。分布式光纤传感***中的光纤既可进行信号传感，又能进行信息传输复用，还可将光纤横纵布设组成网状传感单元，对监测对象进行大范围、多角度监测，避免传统点式传感器的测量盲区，提高监测精度与准确率。
基于以上特点，分布式光纤传感技术特别适合监测混凝土结构体的温度、振动和应力等参量。分布式光纤传感技术可以在混凝土结构全生命周期内，对其进行全方位健康参数监控，能够监控混凝土结构体的温度变化情况、承压载荷情况、振动形变情况，以及环境侵蚀、材料老化等造成的混凝土结构裂缝和缺损。目前在混凝土结构体布设传感光纤的方法多为开槽布设或将光纤粘贴在混凝土结构表面。这些方法，一方面会对混凝土结构体造成破坏，另一方面布设在表面的传感光纤仅能检测混凝土结构体表面的传感参量，并不能探测到结构体内部的参量变化情况，因此在应用上具有一定的局限性。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的在于提供一种混凝土传感光纤的铺设方法，不仅施工简便，而且克服了将传感光纤布设在混凝土结构表面而带来的局限性，能够极大地利用分布式光纤传感技术来监控混凝土结构体多项参数。
为了实现上述目的，本发明的一种混凝土传感光纤的铺设方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)在混凝土浇筑区的钢筋骨架搭建完成后，混凝土浇筑振捣前，选定传感光纤布设区段；
(2)在混凝土浇筑区外预留一段预留光纤，所述预留光纤用于接驳分布式光纤传感设备；
(3)在选定的传感光纤布设区段内，将传感光纤沿着混凝土钢筋骨架走向固定在钢筋骨架上；
(4)传感光纤铺设完毕后，开始混凝土浇筑施工。
在步骤3中，将若干挂环固定在钢筋骨架上，将传感光纤穿过挂环，挂环的间距为60～80cm。
在传感光纤的弯曲部位，采用至少3个挂环分布在弯曲部位上从而对传感光纤进行固定。
在步骤3中，将传感光纤沿着混凝土钢筋骨架走向，做横向和纵向交错排布。
在步骤3中，将传感光纤铺设在混凝土结构钢筋骨架和混凝土成型模板之间。
在所述步骤4中，传感光纤铺设完毕后，混凝土浇筑施工前，将传感光纤连接到分布式光纤传感设备上进行测试校准。
采用上述技术方案，本发明的混凝土传感光纤的铺设方法，相比于现有技术而言，具有以下有益效果：
(1)本发明的传感光纤布放方式可以将传感光纤提前预置在混凝土结构内部，对混凝土结构无伤害。
(2)在混凝土浇筑前预置传感光纤，可以在混凝土浇筑振捣过程中就能够通过传感光纤获取各项传感信息，利用这些信息，可以了解混凝土浇筑振捣过程中的各项情况；
(3)本发明的传感光纤布放方式，在混凝土内部构成了一个纵横交错的传感网络，通过这个传感网络可以获取到混凝土结构内部相关点位的各种监测信息量，便于监控***建模对混凝土结构整体健康情况进行全方位监控。
附图说明
图1为本发明中传感光纤的一种铺设结构示意图。
图2为本发明中传感光纤固定于钢筋骨架上的机构示意图。
具体实施方式
以下通过附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
本发明的一种混凝土传感光纤的铺设方法，包括以下步骤：
在混凝土结构浇筑施工过程中，具体为在混凝土结构钢筋骨架1搭建完成后，混凝土浇筑振捣前，选定传感光纤2布设区段。准备好将要铺设的传感光纤2、金属扎丝(制作挂环3的材料)等相关材料。
铺设前，在混凝土浇筑区外预留一定长度的预留光纤21，如图1所示，用于接驳分布式光纤传感设备4。通常预留光纤21的长度为100米或更长。
在传感光纤2布设区段内，将传感光纤2沿着混凝土钢筋骨架1走向，做横向和纵向交错延伸排布，并且可以将传感光纤2铺设在混凝土结构钢筋骨架1和混凝土成型模板之间。根据传感设备感知的精度不同，以及所需要的不同监控精度需求，传感光纤2之间的间距可以根据情况做出相应调整。
在对传感光纤2进行排布时，将金属扎丝做成略大于传感光纤2直径的环状挂环3，将传感光纤2穿入其中并固定在混凝土钢筋骨架1上，如图2所示，挂环3对传感光纤2的松紧程度以传感光纤2可以在挂环3中自由抽动为宜。挂环3沿着传感光纤2走向每隔一段距离安放一个，一般为60～80cm间距，用以约束传感光纤2走向按既定的排布方式向前延伸。在传感光纤2走向改变，需要弯曲传感光纤2的位置，参考传感光纤2能够承受的最小弯曲半径，采用3个或更多挂环3约束传感光纤2弯曲半径，使传感光纤2实际弯曲半径大于传感光纤2允许的最小弯曲半径。
传感光纤2铺设完成后，混凝土浇筑施工前，目测检查所有传感光纤2铺设情况，并将传感光纤2连接到分布式光纤传感设备4上进行测试校准，确保以下几点符合预期：1、整段传感光纤2完好，无明显光衰增大点；2、实际传感光纤2上任一检测点的位置与光纤传感设备中反映的位置是一致的；3、检查各项需要通过光纤检测的监测量，确保此时各项监测量在正常范围内，且正常反映了传感光纤2周边监测量的变化情况。
传感光纤2铺设和检查完毕，开始混凝土浇筑施工。
显然，上述实施例仅是为清楚地说明所作的举例，而并非对实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说，在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。而由此所引伸出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明创造的保护范围之中。

Claims (6)

1.一种混凝土传感光纤的铺设方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)在混凝土浇筑区的钢筋骨架搭建完成后，混凝土浇筑振捣前，选定传感光纤布设区段；
(2)在混凝土浇筑区外预留一段预留光纤，所述预留光纤用于接驳分布式光纤传感设备；
(3)在选定的传感光纤布设区段内，将传感光纤沿着混凝土钢筋骨架走向固定在钢筋骨架上；
(4)传感光纤铺设完毕后，开始混凝土浇筑施工。
2.如权利要求1所述的混凝土传感光纤的铺设方法，其特征在于：在步骤3中，将若干挂环固定在钢筋骨架上，将传感光纤穿过挂环，挂环的间距为60～80cm。
3.如权利要求2所述的混凝土传感光纤的铺设方法，其特征在于：在传感光纤的弯曲部位，采用至少3个挂环分布在弯曲部位上从而对传感光纤进行固定。
4.如权利要求2所述的混凝土传感光纤的铺设方法，其特征在于：在步骤3中，将传感光纤沿着混凝土钢筋骨架走向，做横向和纵向交错排布。
5.如权利要求2所述的混凝土传感光纤的铺设方法，其特征在于：在步骤3中，将传感光纤铺设在混凝土结构钢筋骨架和混凝土成型模板之间。
6.如权利要求1-5任一项所述的混凝土传感光纤的铺设方法，其特征在于：在所述步骤4中，传感光纤铺设完毕后，混凝土浇筑施工前，将传感光纤连接到分布式光纤传感设备上进行测试校准。
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