CN110692475B - 一种促进花生早花早熟的栽培方法 - Google Patents
一种促进花生早花早熟的栽培方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种促进花生早花早熟的栽培方法,采用该栽培方法在花生植株长到10cm时,向叶面喷施第一植物生长调节剂,采用第一植物生长调节剂由几丁质聚糖、赤霉素、烯效唑、多效唑、磷酸二氢钾、尿素、脱落酸、葡萄糖、钼酸铵、硫酸锌、乙酰水杨酸、柠檬酸、苹果酸、有机硅助剂组成,每7天1次,连续2次,在花生生长过程中白天保持温度25‑30℃,夜晚15‑20℃,土壤相对含水量60‑70%;与传统的花生栽培方法相比,采用该栽培方法能够促使花生早开花10天左右,早成熟30天左右,大幅度节约了花生的栽培时间。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及花生栽培技术领域,具体涉及一种用于促进花生早花早熟的植物生长调节剂及花生栽培方法。
背景技术
花生是我国主要的经济作物和油料作物,目前,采用常规方法培育一个花生新品种需要8-9年时间,对于一些特殊类型品种的培育甚至需要10年以上,这样就减缓了花生品种的更新换代,不利于花生产业的发展。为了解决这个问题,在南方如广东提出了一年4代技术,而北方黄淮地区,由于光照和温度限制,当地加代最多为2代,河南农业大学提出当地2代,河南增加1代的一年三代的栽培方法,但是该方法影响了花生的正常生长和产量,不能从根本上解决此类问题。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题,本发明提供一种可以促进花生早花早熟的栽培方法,与传统的花生栽培方法相比,采用该栽培方法能够促使花生早开花10天左右,早成熟30天左右,大幅度的节约了花生的栽培时间,而且花生的产量和质量不会受到影响。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案为:一种促进花生早花早熟的栽培方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、花生种植后保持适当温度、湿度,增加光照刺激,花生出苗后,白天保持温度25-30℃,夜晚15-20℃,土壤相对含水量60-70%,每天光照12-14h,可以人工辅助补光,持续10-15天。
S2、控制营养,促使向生殖生长转变,当花生植株长到10cm时,每7天1次,连续2次,叶面喷施第一植物生长调节剂;
所述第一植物生长调节剂按质量百分比由以下组分组成:
几丁质聚糖10-20%、赤霉素5-8%、烯效唑20-25%、多效唑5-10%、磷酸二氢钾 15-20%、尿素5-8%、脱落酸5-8%、葡萄糖6-10%、钼酸铵1-2%、硫酸锌1-2%、乙酰水杨酸0.5-1%、柠檬酸0.5-1%、苹果酸0.2-0.5%、有机硅助剂 1%,以上组分质量百分比之和为100%;喷施浓度为100-300ppm,喷施量为5-15g/亩;
S3、为减少结果数,抑制植株后期生长,促进花生早熟早收,每株花生开花7-10天,如果每株超过30朵花,则采取措施减少开花,促使荚果成熟,具体步骤包括:
⑴控制土壤水分,给花生适度干旱,保持土壤相对含水量低于60%,使花生生长环境处于相对干旱状态;
⑵叶面喷洒第二植物生长调节剂,所述第二植物生长调节剂由三碘苯甲酸20-30%、乙烯利20-30%、硫酸钾40-60%组成,三种组分质量百分比之和为100%,喷施时间为果针下扎后10天,每隔10天1次,喷洒2次,喷施的质量浓度为0.5-2%,喷施量为15-25g/亩。
进一步地,所述第一植物生长调节剂按质量百分比由以下组分组成:几丁质聚糖15%、赤霉素7%、烯效唑23%、多效唑8%、磷酸二氢钾18%、尿素7%、脱落酸8%、葡萄糖8%、钼酸铵1.5%、硫酸锌1.5%、乙酰水杨酸0.7%、柠檬酸0.8%、苹果酸0.5%、有机硅助剂1%。
更进一步地,所述第二植物生长调节剂按质量百分比由以下组分组成:三碘苯甲酸20-30%、乙烯利20-30%、硫酸钾40-60%。
本发明的有益效果:
采用本发明的花生栽培方法可以有效促进花生早开花10天左右,提早成熟30天左右。
采用本发明的花生栽培方法在缩短花生种植周期的基础上对花生的产量和质量影响较小。
除了上面所描述的目的、特征和优点之外,本发明还有其它的目的、特征和优点。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
实施例1
一种促进花生早花早熟的栽培方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、花生种植后保持适当温度、湿度,增加光照刺激,花生出苗后,白天保持温度25-30℃,夜晚15-20℃,土壤相对含水量60-70%,每天光照12h,可以人工辅助补光,持续10天;
S2、控制营养,促使向生殖生长转变,当花生植株长到10cm时,每7天1次,连续2次,叶面喷施第一植物生长调节剂;
所述第一植物生长调节剂由以下组分组成:
几丁质聚糖15%、赤霉素8%、烯效唑25%、多效唑7%、磷酸二氢钾15%、尿素5.3%、脱落酸8%、葡萄糖10%、钼酸铵2%、硫酸锌2%、乙酰水杨酸1%、柠檬酸0.5%、苹果酸0.2%、有机硅助剂 1%;喷施浓度为100ppm,喷施量为15g/亩。
S3、为减少结果数,抑制植株后期生长,促进花生早熟早收,每株花生开花7-10天,如果每株超过30朵花,则采取措施减少开花数,促使荚果成熟,具体步骤包括:
⑴控制土壤水分,给花生适度干旱,保持土壤相对含水量低于60%,使花生生长环境处于相对干旱状态;
⑵叶面喷洒第二植物生长调节剂,所述第二植物生长调节剂由三碘苯甲酸20%、乙烯利20%和硫酸钾60%组成,喷施时间为果针下扎后10天,每隔10天1次,喷洒2次,喷施浓度为0.5%,喷施量为25g/亩。
实施例2
一种促进花生早花早熟的栽培方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、花生种植后保持适当温度、湿度,增加光照刺激,花生出苗后,白天保持温度25-30℃,夜晚15-20℃,土壤相对含水量60-70%,每天光照14h,可以人工辅助补光,持续12天。
S2、控制营养,促使向生殖生长转变,当花生植株长到10cm时,每7天1次,连续2次,叶面喷施第一植物生长调节剂;
所述第一植物生长调节剂由以下组分组成:
几丁质聚糖10%、赤霉素8%、烯效唑25%、多效唑10%、磷酸二氢钾20%、尿素8%、脱落酸8%、葡萄糖6%、钼酸铵1%、硫酸锌1%、乙酰水杨酸0.5%、柠檬酸1%、苹果酸0.5%、有机硅助剂1%;喷施浓度为200ppm,喷施量为10g/亩。
S3、为减少结果数,抑制植株后期生长,促进花生早熟早收,每株花生开花7-10天,如果每株超过30朵花,则采取措施减少开花,促使荚果成熟,具体步骤包括:
⑴控制土壤水分,给花生适度干旱,保持土壤相对含水量低于60%,使花生生长环境处于相对干旱状态;
⑵叶面喷洒第二植物生长调节剂,所述第二植物生长调节剂由三碘苯甲酸30%、乙烯利20%和硫酸钾50%组成,喷施时间为果针下扎后10天,每隔10天1次,喷洒2次,喷施浓度为1%,喷施量为15g/亩。
实施例3
一种促进花生早花早熟的栽培方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、花生种植后保持适当温度、湿度,增加光照刺激,花生出苗后,白天保持温度25-30℃,夜晚15-20℃,土壤相对含水量60-70%,每天光照13h,可以人工辅助补光,持续15天。
S2、控制营养,促使向生殖生长转变,当花生植株长到10cm时,每7天1次,连续2次,叶面喷施第一植物生长调节剂;
所述第一植物生长调节剂由以下组分组成:
几丁质聚糖20%、赤霉素5%、烯效唑20%、多效唑7%、磷酸二氢钾16.5%、尿素8%、脱落酸8%、葡萄糖10%、钼酸铵2%、硫酸锌1%、乙酰水杨酸0.5%、柠檬酸0.7%、苹果酸0.3%、有机硅助剂 1%;喷施浓度为300ppm,喷施量为5g/亩。
S3、为减少结果数,抑制植株后期生长,促进花生早熟早收,每株花生开花7-10天,如果每株超过30朵花,则采取措施减少开花,促使荚果成熟,具体步骤包括:
⑴控制土壤水分,给花生适度干旱,保持土壤相对含水量低于60%,使花生生长环境处于相对干旱状态;
⑵叶面喷洒第二植物生长调节剂,所述第二植物生长调节剂由三碘苯甲酸30%、乙烯利30%和硫酸钾40%组成,喷施时间为果针下扎后10天,每隔10天1次,喷洒2次,喷施浓度为1.5%,喷施量为20g/亩。
实施例4
一种促进花生早花早熟的栽培方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、花生种植后保持适当温度、湿度,增加光照刺激,花生出苗后,白天保持温度25-30℃,夜晚15-20℃,土壤相对含水量60-70%,每天光照14h,可以人工辅助补光,持续13天。
S2、控制营养,促使向生殖生长转变,当花生植株长到10cm时,每7天1次,连续2次,叶面喷施第一植物生长调节剂;
所述第一植物生长调节剂由以下组分组成:
几丁质聚糖19.1%、赤霉素6.5%、烯效唑23%、多效唑8.5%、磷酸二氢钾18%、尿素6.5%、脱落酸5%、葡萄糖7.5%、钼酸铵1.5%、硫酸锌1.5%、乙酰水杨酸0.7%、柠檬酸0.8%、苹果酸0.4%、有机硅助剂 1%;喷施浓度为150ppm,喷施量为12g/亩。
S3、为减少结果数,抑制植株后期生长,促进花生早熟早收,每株花生开花7-10天,如果每株超过30朵花,则采取措施减少开花,促使荚果成熟,具体步骤包括:
⑴控制土壤水分,给花生适度干旱,保持土壤相对含水量低于60%,使花生生长环境处于相对干旱状态;
⑵叶面喷洒第二植物生长调节剂,所述第二植物生长调节剂由三碘苯甲酸25、乙烯利25%和硫酸钾50%组成,喷施时间为果针下扎后10天,每隔10天1次,喷洒2次,喷施浓度为1.2%,喷施量为17g/亩。
实施例5
一种促进花生早花早熟的栽培方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、花生种植后保持适当温度、湿度,增加光照刺激,花生出苗后,白天保持温度25-30℃,夜晚15-20℃,土壤相对含水量60-70%,每天光照12h,可以人工辅助补光,持续14天。
S2、控制营养,促使向生殖生长转变,当花生植株长到10cm时,每7天1次,连续2次,叶面喷施第一植物生长调节剂;
所述第一植物生长调节剂由以下组分组成:
几丁质聚糖15%、赤霉素7%、烯效唑23%、多效唑8%、磷酸二氢钾18%、尿素7%、脱落酸8%、葡萄糖8%、钼酸铵1.5%、硫酸锌1.5%、乙酰水杨酸0.7%、柠檬酸0.8%、苹果酸0.5%、有机硅助剂 1%;喷施浓度为250ppm,喷施量为7g/亩。
S3、为减少结果数,抑制植株后期生长,促进花生早熟早收,每株花生开花7-10天,如果每株超过30朵花,则采取措施减少开花,促使荚果成熟,具体步骤包括:
⑵控制土壤水分,给花生适度干旱,保持土壤相对含水量低于60%,使花生生长环境处于相对干旱状态;
⑵叶面喷洒第二植物生长调节剂,所述第二植物生长调节剂由三碘苯甲酸20%、乙烯利30%和硫酸钾50%组成,喷施时间为果针下扎后10天,每隔10天1次,喷洒2次,喷施浓度为0.7%,喷施量为22g/亩。
对比例1
一种促进花生早花早熟的栽培方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、花生种植后保持适当温度、湿度,增加光照刺激,花生出苗后,白天保持温度25-30℃,夜晚15-20℃,土壤相对含水量60-70%,每天光照12h,可以人工辅助补光,持续10天。
S2、控制营养,促使向生殖生长转变,当花生植株长到10cm时,每7天1次,连续2次,叶面喷施第一植物生长调节剂;
所述第一植物生长调节剂由以下组分组成:
几丁质聚糖19.1%、赤霉素6.5%、烯效唑23%、多效唑8.5%、磷酸二氢钾18%、尿素6.5%、脱落酸5%、葡萄糖7.5%、钼酸铵1.5%、硫酸锌1.5%、乙酰水杨酸0.7%、柠檬酸0.8%、苹果酸0.4%、有机硅助剂 1%;喷施浓度为150ppm,喷施量为12g/亩。
S3、为减少结果数,抑制植株后期生长,促进花生早熟早收,每株花生开花7-10天,如果每株超过30朵花,则采取措施减少开花数,促使荚果成熟,具体步骤包括:
⑴控制土壤水分,给花生适度干旱,保持土壤相对含水量低于60%,使花生生长环境处于相对干旱状态。
对比例2
一种促进花生早花早熟的栽培方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、花生种植后保持适当温度、湿度,增加光照刺激,花生出苗后,白天保持温度25-30℃,夜晚15-20℃,土壤相对含水量60-70%,每天光照13h,可以人工辅助补光,持续13天。
S2、控制营养,促使向生殖生长转变,减少结果数,抑制植物后期生长,促进花生早熟早收,每株花生开花7-10天,如果每株超过30朵花,则采取措施减少开花数,促使荚果成熟,具体步骤包括:
⑵控制土壤水分,给花生适度干旱,保持土壤相对含水量低于60%,使花生生长环境处于相对干旱状态;
⑵叶面喷洒第二植物生长调节剂,所述第二植物生长调节剂由三碘苯甲酸30%、乙烯利20%和硫酸钾50%组成,喷施时间为果针下扎后10天,每隔10天1次,喷洒2次,喷施浓度为1%,喷施量为15g/亩。
实验例
在菏泽市农业科学院的花生试验田,划取8块土壤条件和自然环境相同的实验田,分别采用实施例1-5以及对比1-2的种植方法对花生进行栽培;空白对照组采用传统的花生栽培方法,花生生长过程中空白对照组不喷施任何的植物生长调节剂,记录从花生种植到开花、成熟的时间,并称取成熟花生的产量,结果见表1。
表1 实施例1-5以及对比例1-2的花生开花时间、成熟时间以及产量
采用本发明的花生栽培方法可以有效促进花生早开花10天左右,提早成熟30天左右,可以解决北方黄淮区域花生育种当地加代的需要。
采用本发明的花生栽培方法在缩短花生种植周期的基础上对花生的产量和质量影响较小,均在5%允许误差范围内。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (3)
1.一种促进花生早花早熟的栽培方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1、花生种植后保持适当温度、湿度,增加光照刺激,花生出苗后,白天保持温度25-30℃,夜晚15-20℃,土壤相对含水量60-70%,每天光照12-14h,可以人工辅助补光,持续10-15天;
S2、控制营养,促使花生向生殖生长转变,当花生植株长到10cm时,每7天1次,连续2次,叶面喷施第一植物生长调节剂;
所述第一植物生长调节剂按质量百分比由以下组分组成:
几丁质聚糖10-20%、赤霉素5-8%、烯效唑20-25%、多效唑5-10%、磷酸二氢钾15-20%、尿素5-8%、脱落酸5-8%、葡萄糖6-10%、钼酸铵1-2%、硫酸锌1-2%、乙酰水杨酸0.5-1%、柠檬酸0.5-1%、苹果酸0.2-0.5%、有机硅助剂 1%,以上组分质量百分比之和为100%;喷施浓度为100-300ppm,喷施量为5-15g/亩;
S3、为减少结果数,抑制植株后期生长,促进花生早熟早收,每株花生开花7-10天,如果每株超过30朵花,则采取措施减少开花数,促使荚果成熟,具体步骤包括:
⑴控制土壤水分,给花生适度干旱,保持土壤相对含水量低于60%,使花生生长环境处于相对干旱状态;
⑵叶面喷洒第二植物生长调节剂,所述第二植物生长调节剂由三碘苯甲酸20-30%、乙烯利20-30%、硫酸钾40-60%组成,三种组分质量百分比之和为100%,喷施时间为果针下扎后10天,每隔10天1次,喷洒2次,喷施的质量浓度为0.5-2%,喷施量为15-25g/亩。
2.根据权利要求1所述的促进花生早花早熟的栽培方法,其特征在于,所述第一植物生长调节剂按质量百分比由以下组分组成:几丁质聚糖15%、赤霉素7%、烯效唑23%、多效唑8%、磷酸二氢钾18%、尿素7%、脱落酸8%、葡萄糖8%、钼酸铵1.5%、硫酸锌1.5%、乙酰水杨酸0.7%、柠檬酸0.8%、苹果酸0.5%、有机硅助剂1%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的促进花生早熟的栽培方法,其特征在于,所述第二植物生长调节剂按质量百分比由以下组分组成:三碘苯甲酸25%、乙烯利25%、硫酸钾50%。
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