CN110688803A - Method for calculating thickness of foot plate of eight-foot-bolt four-zone separation tower of power transmission tower - Google Patents
Method for calculating thickness of foot plate of eight-foot-bolt four-zone separation tower of power transmission tower Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A method for calculating the thickness of a foot plate of a power transmission tower eight-foot-bolt four-zone tower comprises the following steps: calculating and determining the pulling force acting on the tower foot plate through the iron tower structure, and determining the specifications of eight foundation bolts according to the principle that the eight foundation bolts are uniformly stressed; determining the position of the shoe plate according to the principle that the intersection point of the shoe plate which is orthogonally and crisscross-shaped arranged is aligned with the center of the tower foot plate, setting the positions of foundation bolt holes according to the principle that the distance between foundation bolts is not less than four times of the diameter of the foundation bolts, and checking whether the tower foot component collides; and finally, calculating the thickness of the tower foot plate according to the width of the partition, the distance from the center of the foundation bolt to the adjacent stiffening plate, the distance from the center of the foundation bolt to the adjacent boot plate, the length of the stiffening plate, the yield strength of the steel of the tower foot plate and the material resistance coefficient. The invention overcomes the defect of large difference between the assumed conditions and the actual conditions in the traditional calculation method, and has reliable results and excellent economical efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of power transmission towers, and particularly relates to a method for calculating the thickness of a foot plate of an eight-foot-bolt four-zone tower of a power transmission tower.
Background
In recent years, the power construction in China is rapidly developed, the voltage grade of a transmission line is continuously increased, extra-high voltage lines and multi-circuit transmission lines on the same tower are more and more constructed, and the load borne by an iron tower is also more and more. As a connecting part for transferring force from the iron tower to the foundation, the load borne by the tower foot plates is correspondingly larger and larger, the classical four-anchor-bolt tower foot plates can not meet the stress requirement of the large-load iron tower gradually, and the eight-anchor-bolt four-partition tower foot plates gradually become the most common tower foot type of the large-load iron tower. The tower foot plate is square and is divided into 4 stress partitions by an orthogonal cross shoe plate, two foundation bolts are arranged in each stress partition, and stiffening plates are arranged at the outer ends of the shoe plates. The key link of the design of the tower foot plate is to determine the thickness of the tower foot plate, and the existing electric power industry standard DL/T5154 plus 2012 'technical specification for the design of the tower structure of the overhead transmission line' does not provide a calculation formula for the thickness of the tower foot plate with the four partitions of eight anchor bolts, and the related fields at home and abroad are lack of targeted research, so that for a long time, technical personnel always adopt a rough approximation method for calculation, the favorable effect of the stiffening plate is not considered, the design is always conservative, the thickness of the tower foot plate is larger, and the economy is poorer. Therefore, a new calculation method is needed to improve the reliability and economy of the design of the eight anchor bolt four-partition tower footing plate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the thickness of the foot plate of the power transmission tower eight-anchor-bolt four-zone separation tower in the prior art cannot be accurately calculated, and provides a method for calculating the thickness of the foot plate of the power transmission tower eight-anchor-bolt four-zone separation tower.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention has the following technical scheme:
a method for calculating the thickness of a foot plate of a power transmission tower eight-foot-bolt four-zone tower comprises the following steps:
step one, calculating and determining the magnitude of tension T acting on a tower foot plate through an iron tower structure, sharing the tension T together according to eight foundation bolts, and determining the materials and the specifications of the eight foundation bolts according to the T/8 force borne by each foundation bolt;
step two, determining the positions of the shoe plates according to the principle that the intersection points of the shoe plates arranged in an orthogonal cross shape are aligned with the centers of the tower foot plates, and then setting the positions of the foundation bolt holes according to the principle that the distance between the foundation bolts is not less than four times of the diameter of the foundation bolt according to DL/T5219-2014 basic design technical specification of overhead transmission lines; checking whether the tower foot components collide, ensuring that no collision occurs, and determining the width of a tower foot plate, the distance between the hole centers of foundation bolts and the distance from the hole centers of the foundation bolts to the edge of the tower foot plate;
step three, aiming at any partition, according to the width b of the partition, the distance x from the center of the foundation bolt to the adjacent stiffening plate, the distance y from the center of the foundation bolt to the adjacent boot plate, the length L of the stiffening plate and the yield strength f of the steel of the tower foot plateyAnd coefficient of partial resistance gamma of materialRThe thickness t of the tower foot plate is calculated by the following formula:
in the formula (d)1For the spacing of anchor bolts in the same partition, d2The vertical distance between the cross corner point of the boot plate in the same partition and the connecting line of the centers of the foundation bolts, d3Connecting the center of the foundation bolt in the same partition to the end of the stiffening plateThe vertical distance of the connecting line.
Preferably, in the first step, the material of the anchor bolt is selected and the diameter of the anchor bolt is calculated according to DL/T5154-2012 'technical specification for designing the tower structure of the overhead transmission line' and DL/T1236-2013 'anchor bolt and nut for the transmission tower'.
Preferably, the length of the stiffening plate in the same region is not less than the sum of the distance from the foundation bolt to the boot plate and half of the edge distance of the foundation bolt; the stiffening plate extends to the corner cut of the tower foot plate.
Preferably, the shoe plate meets the bolt connection strength requirement with the main material and the bending strength requirement when the tower foot plate is pressed.
Preferably, the bolt connection strength is determined according to the empirical calculation of DL/T5154 + 2012 'design technical regulation of tower structure of overhead transmission line'; after determining the bending moment M per unit length of the root shoe plate cross section, the thickness t of the shoe plate is selected according to the following formulas：
In the formula (f)yAnd gammaRRespectively is the steel yield strength and material resistance polynomial coefficient of the tower foot plate;
thickness t of stiffening plater＝(0.6～0.7)ts。
Preferably, the ratio of the width of any one of the partitions to the thickness of the tower foot plate is no greater than 16.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method comprises the steps of determining a proper yield line calculation model by adopting a yield line theory and considering the engineering characteristics that two anchor bolts in the same partition are stressed simultaneously aiming at any stressed partition in a tower foot board with eight anchor bolts and four partitions, combining test research and finite element simulation results, deducing a calculation formula of the ultimate bearing capacity according to a virtual work principle, and correcting the formula according to test and simulation analysis results and comprehensively considering factors such as processing, installation and the like. Because the ultimate bearing capacity formula is obtained based on the plasticity analysis, the actual engineering design can not be directly applied, in order to limit the plastic development of the bottom plate and ensure the safety requirement of an engineering structure, according to the edge yield criterion, the bending bearing capacity with edge yield is adopted for calculating the cross section to replace the bending bearing capacity with full-section yield, meanwhile, the material resistance subentry coefficient is counted, the design bearing capacity of the eight-foot-bolt four-zone tower foot plate is further obtained, and the design formula of the thickness of the tower foot plate is obtained through simple transformation of the formula on the basis. The calculation method provided by the invention has complete theoretical support, has the verification of test and simulation results, fully considers the beneficial influence of the stiffening plate and the influence of the separation width-thickness ratio, overcomes the defect of larger difference between the assumed condition and the actual condition in the traditional calculation method, and ensures that the design of the tower foot plate is more scientific and reliable and has better economy.
Furthermore, when the thickness of the tower foot plate is calculated, the length and the length of the stiffening plate are directly influenced by the length ratio of the stiffening plate, the length of the stiffening plate in the same region is not less than the sum of the distance from the foundation bolt to the shoe plate and the half of the edge distance of the foundation bolt, the stiffening plate extends to the corner cut position of the tower foot plate, the beneficial effect of the stiffening plate is fully considered, and the calculation result is better.
Furthermore, the thickness calculation formula of the tower foot plate is obtained based on a structural limit analysis method, the formula form obtained by the method is insensitive to the width-thickness ratio of the tower foot plate, and the ratio of the width of any partition to the thickness of the tower foot plate is not more than 16 according to the test result and simulation analysis, so that the engineering safety requirement is ensured, and the deformation of the bottom plate is effectively limited.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a power transmission tower with eight anchor bolts and four partitioned tower foot plates;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a calculation method of the thickness of the foot plates of the power transmission tower with eight foot bolts and four partitioned towers;
FIG. 3 is a model diagram of calculation of tensile bearing capacity of any stress partition of eight foundation bolts of the power transmission tower based on a yield line theory;
FIG. 4 is a comparison graph of the bearing capacity of the test piece of 14 prototype tests and the bearing capacity of the calculation result of the invention;
fig. 5 is a comparison graph of the tower foot plate thickness of the calculation method proposed by the present invention and the traditional calculation method of engineering (refer to the approximate calculation method adopted by the power industry standard DL/T5154-2012).
In fig. 1: 1 is a step board, 2 is a shoe board, and 2a is a first section of a crossed shoe board; 2b is a second section of the cross shoe plate; 3 is a stiffening plate, and 4 is a foundation bolt hole; s1 in the marked dimension is half of the distance between the hole centers of adjacent foundation bolts on two sides of the boot plate, S2 is the horizontal distance between the hole centers of two foundation bolts in the same partition, and S3 is the distance from any one foundation bolt hole center to the edge of the tower footing plate; and B is the width of the tower foot plate. In fig. 3: the dotted line segments OA, OB, OC, PA, PD, PE, AE and AB are assumed yield lines when any zone is under tension; b is the partition width, and L is the length of the stiffening plate; x and y are respectively the distance from the hole center of any foundation bolt to the adjacent stiffening plate and the distance from any foundation bolt to the adjacent boot plate; d1The distance between two foundation bolts in the same partition is the same; d2In the same partition, the vertical distance from the cross corner point A of the boot plate to the central connecting line PO of the foundation bolt; d3In the same partition, the vertical distance from the connecting line PO of the centers of the foundation bolts to the connecting line of the end heads of the stiffening plates; tr is the thickness of the stiffening plate and ts is the thickness of the boot plate.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, the power transmission tower eight-anchor-bolt four-partition tower foot plate comprises a tower foot plate 1, shoe plates 2, a first section 2a of cross shoe plate, a second section 2b of cross shoe plate and stiffening plates 3, wherein the tower foot plate 1 is provided with eight anchor bolt holes 4, and the plates are connected by welding. According to the calculation flow shown in fig. 2, the thickness of the footing plate 1 is calculated by the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the tension T on the tower foot plate 1 is determined through iron tower calculation, eight anchor bolts are used for sharing evenly, each bolt bears the force of T/8, the material of the anchor bolt is selected according to DL/T5154 plus 2012 'technical specification for tower structure design of an overhead transmission line' and DL/T1236-2013 'anchor bolt and nut for a power transmission tower', the diameter of the anchor bolt is calculated, and the specification of the anchor bolt is selected;
step two: boot plate angle is 90 degrees and adopts 'orthogonal cross' clothThe specific position of the boot plate is determined according to the principle that the center of the intersection point of the boot plate is aligned with the center of the step plate 1; then, according to the technical rules of basic design of overhead transmission lines DL/T5219-2014, the positions of the anchor bolt holes 4 are set according to the principle that the distance between the anchor bolts is not less than four times of the diameter of the anchor bolt, namely, the requirements that 2S1 is more than 4d and d is met1And > 4d, wherein d is the diameter of the anchor bolt. And checking whether the anchor bolts (including nuts) collide with the tower foot component, and if so, adjusting the positions of the anchor bolt holes 4 until no collision occurs.
Step three: as shown in fig. 3, for any partition, the partition width b, the distance x from the center of the anchor bolt to the adjacent stiffening plate, the distance y from the center of the anchor bolt to the adjacent boot plate, the length L of the stiffening plate, and the yield strength f of the steel material of the footing plate 1yAnd coefficient of partial resistance gamma of materialRThe thickness t of the footing plate 1 is calculated as follows:
the above formula (1) is the core content in the calculation flow of the present embodiment, and includes the core technical principle of the present invention. As shown in fig. 3, according to the assumed yield line l shown by the dotted linei(OA, OB, OC, PA, PD, PE, AE, AB) tension T of anchor boltpWhen the structure reaches the limit state, according to the virtual work principle, the two concentrated force action points (P and O) in any one partition are supposed to generate micro displacement delta along the action direction, and the calculated section of each yield line generates a micro rotation angle thetaiThe concentrated force produced by the foundation bolts in each partition does work equal to the plastic bending moment M of each partitionpAlong the yield line liDoing work, namely:
the ultimate bearing capacity T of each partition can be obtained by solvingpAnd then obtaining the ultimate bearing capacity T after correcting according to the test and simulation results and considering the processing and installation factorsprSo that the guarantee rate of 95 percent is not more than that of the imitationTrue or trial values. In order to ensure the engineering safety, the tower foot plates need to adopt an elastic design, then the edge yielding criterion is adopted, the elastic bending moment is used for replacing the plastic bending moment, and the bearing capacity is returned to the design bearing capacity T available for engineeringeAnd the design bearing capacity T/4 of the whole tower foot (four partitions) is used instead.
In order to ensure that the step plate 1 of the present embodiment can work normally and prevent the shoe plate 1 from being damaged in advance when the designed bearing capacity is not fully exerted, the shoe plate needs to meet the requirement of the bolt connection strength with the main material and the requirement of the bending strength of the step plate when the step plate is pressed. The bolt connection strength can be checked and calculated according to DL/T5154 plus 2012 'technical specification for the design of the tower structure of the overhead transmission line'. For the bending strength of the boot plate, after determining the bending moment M of the root section unit length of the boot plate, the thickness t of the boot plate is selected according to the following formulas：
In the derivation of the formula (1), the stiffening plate is regarded as a simple edge, so that the stiffening plate can provide an effective supporting effect and can effectively transfer bending moment, the length-height ratio of the stiffening plate in the embodiment is 0.5-1.0 with reference to the FEM350, and the thickness t of the stiffening plate is taken to ensure the self-strength of the stiffening plater＝(0.6～0.7)ts。
The calculation formula of the embodiment is obtained based on a structural limit analysis method, the formula (1) obtained by the method is insensitive to any partition width-thickness ratio b/t of the tower foot plate 1, and the partition width-thickness ratio b/t of the tower foot plate is regulated to be less than or equal to 16 according to a test result and simulation analysis for limiting the deflection of the bottom plate 1 due to engineering safety requirements.
When the tower foot plate 1 is pressed, because the pressure between the tower foot plate 1 and the foundation is not uniformly distributed but mainly distributed in the vicinity of the shoe plate and the stiffening plate 3, the bending moment born by the tower foot plate 1 is relatively small, the pressed strength of the tower foot plate 1 is checked according to the down pressure N obtained by the calculation of the iron tower, and the thickness meeting the pressed strength requirement is far smaller than the calculation result of the formula (1), so the calculation flow of the embodiment does not consider the step of the pressed strength checking.
In summary, it can be known from the calculation process and the technical principle adopted in the present embodiment that the calculation method of the present embodiment has a perfect theoretical basis (yield line theory), and the strength of the shoe plate and the stiffener plate 3 and the supporting effect on the tower footing plate 1 are comprehensively considered, whereas the existing industry standard DL/T5154-2012 does not provide a calculation method of the tower footing plate type as shown in fig. 1, and the conventional calculation method adopted in the engineering generally approximately equates eight anchor bolts to four anchor bolts and then calculates the thickness of the bottom plate according to the four anchor bolt tower footing plate calculation method specified in DL/T5154-2012, and does not consider the beneficial influence of the stiffener plate 3.
As shown in fig. 4, the ratio of the tensile bearing capacity test value of 14 test pieces to the designed bearing capacity of the method of this embodiment is greater than 2.5, which illustrates the safety of the calculation method of this embodiment. As shown in fig. 5, for the most commonly used 42CrMo anchor bolts of 8 specifications, i.e., 8M48, 8M52, 8M56, 8M60, 8M64, 8M68, 8M72, and 8M76 in engineering, the ratio of the thickness of the Q345 material tower foot plate calculated according to the present embodiment to the thickness determined by the conventional calculation method is less than 0.93, and the average thickness reduction is about 9%, which illustrates that the calculation method of the present embodiment has obvious economical efficiency.
The above is a detailed description of the present invention with reference to specific preferred embodiments, and it should not be considered that the present invention is limited to the specific embodiments, but that the skilled person can make several simple deductions or substitutions without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and all should be considered as falling within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for calculating the thickness of a foot plate of a power transmission tower with eight foot bolts and four partitioned towers is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, calculating and determining the magnitude of tension T acting on a tower foot plate (1) through an iron tower structure, sharing the tension T together according to eight foundation bolts, and determining the materials and specifications of the eight foundation bolts according to the T/8 force borne by each foundation bolt;
step two, determining the position of the shoe plate according to the principle that the intersection point of the shoe plate arranged in an orthogonal cross shape is aligned with the center of the tower foot plate (1), and setting the position of the foundation bolt hole (4) according to the principle that the distance between the foundation bolts is not less than four times of the diameter of the foundation bolt according to DL/T5219-2014 basic design technical specification of overhead transmission lines; checking whether the tower foot components collide, ensuring that no collision occurs, and determining the width of a tower foot plate (1), the distance between the hole centers of the foundation bolts and the distance from the hole centers of the foundation bolts to the edge of the tower foot plate;
step three, aiming at any partition, according to the width b of the partition, the distance x from the center of the foundation bolt to the adjacent stiffening plate (3), the distance y from the center of the foundation bolt to the adjacent boot plate, the length L of the stiffening plate (3) and the yield strength f of steel of the tower foot plate (1)yAnd coefficient of partial resistance gamma of materialRCalculating the thickness t of the footing plate (1) by:
in the formula (d)1For the spacing of anchor bolts in the same partition, d2The vertical distance between the cross corner point of the boot plate in the same partition and the connecting line of the centers of the foundation bolts, d3The vertical distance from the connecting line of the centers of the foundation bolts in the same partition to the connecting line of the ends of the stiffening plates.
2. The method for calculating the thickness of the foot plate of the eight-foot-bolt four-zone tower of the power transmission tower according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and the first step is to select the material of the anchor bolt and calculate the diameter of the anchor bolt according to DL/T5154 + 2012 structure design technical specification of the overhead transmission line tower and DL/T1236 + 2013 anchor bolt and nut for the transmission line tower.
3. The method for calculating the thickness of the foot plate of the eight-foot-bolt four-zone tower of the power transmission tower according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the length of the stiffening plate (3) in the same partition is not less than the sum of the distance from the foundation bolt to the boot plate and half of the edge distance of the foundation bolt;
the stiffening plate (3) extends to the corner cut of the tower foot plate (1).
4. The method for calculating the thickness of the foot plate of the eight-foot-bolt four-zone tower of the power transmission tower according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the boot plate meets the requirement of the bolt connection strength of the main material and the requirement of the bending strength of the tower foot plate (1) under pressure.
5. The method for calculating the thickness of the foot plate of the eight-foot-bolt four-zone tower of the power transmission tower according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the bolt connection strength is determined according to the empirical calculation of DL/T5154 plus 2012 'technical specification for the design of the tower structure of the overhead transmission line';
after determining the bending moment M per unit length of the root section of the boot plate, the thickness t of the boot plate is selected according to the following formulas：
Thickness t of the stiffening plate (3)r＝(0.6～0.7)ts。
6. The method for calculating the thickness of the foot plate of the eight-foot-bolt four-zone tower of the power transmission tower according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the ratio of the width of any partition to the thickness of the footing plate (1) is not greater than 16.
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