CN110687629A - Temperature sensing photonic crystal fiber - Google Patents
Temperature sensing photonic crystal fiber Download PDFInfo
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- CN110687629A CN110687629A CN201911044038.8A CN201911044038A CN110687629A CN 110687629 A CN110687629 A CN 110687629A CN 201911044038 A CN201911044038 A CN 201911044038A CN 110687629 A CN110687629 A CN 110687629A
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 239000004038 photonic crystal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 abstract description 19
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 abstract description 15
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229960001701 chloroform Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000411 transmission spectrum Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010835 comparative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
- G02B6/02314—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes
- G02B6/02342—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes characterised by cladding features, i.e. light confining region
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
- G01K11/32—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
- G02B6/02314—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes
- G02B6/02342—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes characterised by cladding features, i.e. light confining region
- G02B6/02361—Longitudinal structures forming multiple layers around the core, e.g. arranged in multiple rings with each ring having longitudinal elements at substantially the same radial distance from the core, having rotational symmetry about the fibre axis
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Measuring Temperature Or Quantity Of Heat (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a temperature sensing photonic crystal fiber, which comprises a background material, and an outer cladding layer, a fiber core, an elliptical hole structure, a small circular air hole structure and a large circular air hole structure which are arranged in the background material; the temperature sensing photonic crystal fiber improves the temperature sensitivity and enlarges the temperature sensing range; by designing a novel photonic crystal fiber structure and selecting a proper temperature-sensitive material toluene, a high-sensitivity and wider-range temperature sensing effect is realized; the problems of polarization state drift, intermode interference and the like existing in the traditional optical fiber temperature sensor are solved; the temperature sensing optical fiber with the double-core structure can inhibit the problems and achieve a better temperature measurement effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of photonic crystal fibers, and particularly relates to a temperature sensing photonic crystal fiber.
Background
Temperature measuring equipment for environments such as electric power systems, aerospace, medical treatment, chemical industry and the like needs to have high precision and strong anti-interference capability, temperature measuring requirements in the fields are difficult to meet by traditional thermocouple type, thermistor type and other temperature sensors, and the optical fiber temperature sensor is more suitable for modern continuously-improved temperature measuring requirements due to the advantages of high sensitivity, quick response, explosion prevention, flame prevention, electromagnetic interference resistance and the like compared with the traditional temperature sensor. Generally, the optical fiber temperature sensor is composed of a light source, a sensing element, a light detector, a signal processing system and the like. The basic principle is as follows:
light incident from the light source enters the modulation region;
when light passes through the optical fiber of the modulation area, the light interacts with external measured parameters, so that certain optical properties (such as intensity, wavelength, frequency, phase, partial normality and the like) of incident light are changed into modulated signal light;
the modulated signal light is emitted into a light detector and a demodulator to obtain the measured parameters, so that the temperature change condition is obtained.
Because the material and the structure of the common optical fiber are relatively fixed, the temperature sensing property of the common optical fiber is difficult to change, so that the performances such as sensitivity, sensing range and the like of the common optical fiber are difficult to greatly improve; so that the temperature sensing characteristic of the common optical fiber is poor and the temperature sensitivity is low.
The traditional single-core optical fiber structure is easy to generate the problems of polarization state drift, intermode interference and the like, and the measurement of the temperature is influenced; the problems of polarization state drift, inter-mode interference and the like exist, and the temperature measurement is influenced.
The sensing unit of the traditional optical fiber temperature sensor is a common optical fiber, and the temperature sensing effect of the traditional optical fiber temperature sensor is limited by the structure and the material of the optical fiber and needs to be further improved. Therefore, a core photonic crystal fiber sensing structure is needed to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide a temperature sensing photonic crystal fiber for solving the above problems.
The invention realizes the purpose through the following technical scheme:
a temperature sensing photonic crystal fiber comprising a background material; placed in a background material:
an outer cladding; the outer cladding layer is formed into two layers of regularly arranged octagonal air hole structures;
a fiber core; the fiber core is arranged at the center of the outer cladding;
an elliptical hole structure; the elliptical hole structure is arranged in the inner area of the outer cladding and comprises two elliptical holes, the two elliptical holes are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the fiber core, and the elliptical holes are filled with temperature-sensitive liquid;
a small circular air hole structure; the small round air hole structure is arranged in the inner area of the outer cladding layer and comprises four small round air holes which are arranged on the same straight line, the four small round air holes are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the fiber core, and the small round air hole structure is vertical to the elliptical hole structure;
a large circular air hole structure; the big circular air hole structure is arranged in the inner area of the outer cladding layer and comprises four big circular air holes which are uniformly distributed around the fiber core, and each big circular air hole is arranged between one elliptical hole and two small circular air holes on one side of the fiber core.
Preferably, the temperature sensitive liquid is toluene.
Preferably, the elliptical hole minor axis length is 1 um; the length of the long axis of the elliptical hole is 2.4 um;
the diameter of the large round air hole is 2 um;
the diameter of the small round air hole is 1 um;
the minimum distance between two layers of air holes in the outer cladding is 2.5 um;
the diameter of the air holes in the outer cladding is 1.4 um;
the diameter of the fiber core air hole is 1.4 um;
the diameter of the photonic crystal fiber is 20 um.
Preferably, the distance from the center of the fiber core to the center of any one elliptical hole is 2.5 um;
the distance from the center of the fiber core to the center of any large circular air hole is
The distance from the center of the fiber core to the center of any one of the nearest small circular air holes is 1.8 um;
the distance between the centers of the two small circular air holes positioned on the same side of the fiber core is 1.8 um;
the distance between the center of the small circular air hole far away from the fiber core and the center of one air hole of the outer cladding layer on the same straight line is 1.4 um;
the distance between the centers of the large circular air holes at the two sides of the small circular air hole close to the fiber core is 3.6 um.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the temperature sensing photonic crystal fiber of the present invention;
1. the temperature sensitivity is improved, and the temperature sensing range is enlarged; by designing a novel photonic crystal fiber structure and selecting a proper temperature-sensitive material toluene, the temperature sensing effect with high sensitivity and a wider range is realized.
2. The problems of polarization state drift, intermode interference and the like existing in the traditional optical fiber temperature sensor are solved; the temperature sensing optical fiber with the double-core structure can inhibit the problems and achieve a better temperature measurement effect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structure of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a temperature-birefringence curve of various temperature-sensitive liquids in the present application, wherein (a) ethanol is filled as the temperature-sensitive liquid; wherein (b) is filled with toluene as temperature sensitive liquid; wherein (c) is filled with glycerol as temperature sensitive liquid; wherein (d) trichloromethane is filled as temperature sensitive liquid;
FIG. 3 is a Sagnac type polarization maintaining photonic crystal fiber temperature sensor structure;
FIG. 4 is a transmission spectrum of the photonic crystal fiber at temperatures of 20 ℃ and 25 ℃;
description of reference numerals:
1-an outer cladding; 2-large circular air holes; 3-elliptical hole; 4-a fiber core; 5-small circular air holes.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, example embodiments according to the present application will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application and not all embodiments of the present application, and that the present application is not limited by the example embodiments described herein.
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
as shown in figure 1 of the drawings, in which,
a temperature sensing photonic crystal fiber comprising a background material; placed in a background material:
an outer cladding 1; the outer cladding layer 1 is formed into a regular octagonal air hole structure with two layers of periodic arrangement;
a core 4; the fiber core 4 is arranged at the center of the outer cladding layer 1;
an elliptical hole structure; the elliptical hole structure is arranged in the inner area of the outer cladding layer 1 and comprises two elliptical holes 3, the two elliptical holes 3 are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the fiber core 4, and the elliptical holes 3 are filled with temperature-sensitive liquid;
a small circular air hole structure; the small round air hole structure is arranged in the inner area of the outer cladding layer 1 and comprises four small round air holes 5, the four small round air holes 5 are arranged on the same straight line, the four small round air holes 5 are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the fiber core 4, and the small round air hole structure is vertical to the elliptical hole structure;
a large circular air hole structure; the big circular air hole structure is arranged in the inner area of the outer cladding layer 1, the big circular air hole structure comprises four big circular air holes 2, the four big circular air holes 2 are uniformly distributed around the fiber core 4, and each big circular air hole 2 is arranged between one elliptical hole 3 and two small circular air holes 5 positioned on one side of the fiber core 4.
In some embodiments, the temperature sensitive liquid is toluene.
In some embodiments, the elliptical aperture 3 has a minor axis length of 1 um; the length of the long axis of the elliptical hole 3 is 2.4 um;
the diameter of the large round air hole 2 is 2 um;
the diameter of the small round air hole 5 is 1 um;
the minimum value Λ of the distance between two layers of air holes in the outer cladding layer 1 is 2.5 um;
the diameter of the air holes in the outer cladding layer 1 is 1.4 um;
the diameter of the air hole of the fiber core 4 is 1.4 um;
the diameter D of the photonic crystal fiber is 20 um.
As shown in fig. 1, the distance d from the center of the fiber core 4 to the center of any one of the elliptical holes 3 is 2.5 um;
the distance d1 from the center of the fiber core 4 to the center of any one of the large circular air holes 2 is
The distance d2 from the center of the fiber core 4 to the center of any one of the nearest small circular air holes 5 is 1.8 um;
the distance d3 between the centers of the two small circular air holes 5 on the same side of the fiber core 4 is 1.8 um;
the distance d4 between the center of the small circular air hole 5 far away from the fiber core 4 and the center of one air hole of the outer cladding layer 1 on the same straight line is 1.4 um;
the distance d5 between the centers of the large circular air holes 2 located on both sides of the small circular air hole 5 near the core 4 is 3.6 um.
In some embodiments, four large circular air holes 2 enclose a rectangle;
in some embodiments, the background material is SiO2；
The length of the temperature sensing photonic crystal fiber is smaller than that of a traditional optical fiber sensing unit, the temperature sensing interval is-90-105 ℃, and the temperature sensing photonic crystal fiber is suitable for high-sensitivity temperature sensing in the sensing interval.
The application relates to a liquid filling type photonic crystal fiber, wherein the property of the filling liquid has great influence on the temperature sensing effect of the fiber. The comparative analysis of several liquids with higher thermo-optic coefficients is performed here, and the following table lists several parameters that have a greater impact on temperature sensing, including the melting point, thermo-optic coefficient and refractive index of the material at 20 ℃ and an incident wavelength of 1550 nm.
The temperature-sensitive characteristics of photonic crystal fibers filled with toluene, ethanol, chloroform and glycerol are researched and analyzed by using a finite element method, so that the variation relation of birefringence of photonic crystal fibers filled with different types of temperature-sensitive liquids along with temperature is obtained, and the relation is shown in FIG. 2:
as can be seen from FIG. 2, the birefringence curve with temperature is substantially linear when toluene is filled, and η (η is the ratio of the amount of birefringence change to the amount of temperature change) is larger than that when glycerol or ethanol is filled and slightly smaller than that when chloroform is filled. When the photonic crystal fiber filled with the temperature-sensitive liquid is applied to a temperature sensor, the influence of the melting point of the temperature-sensitive liquid on the temperature sensing range is also considered. From the above table, it can be seen that toluene has a lower melting point than chloroform and a higher boiling point than chloroform, so that the linear temperature measurement range of toluene can be wider when toluene is filled than when chloroform is filled. And comprehensively comparing, and selecting toluene as the filling liquid of the photonic crystal fiber.
The photonic crystal fiber is used as a sensitive element of a Sagnac interferometer to form a Sagnac polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber temperature sensor, the temperature sensor decomposes the same light emitted by a light source into two beams based on a light beam interference principle, the two beams of light circulate for a circle along the opposite direction of the same light path and then generate interference fringes on a screen, the double-core photonic crystal fiber designed by the application is added into the sensor, so that the optical path difference of the two beams of orthogonal polarized light is changed to cause the shift of a spectrum, the phase change amount of the light is solved by calculating the offset amount, and the temperature sensing is realized. The specific structure is shown in fig. 3, light emitted by a wide-spectrum light source is divided into two beams of coherent light through a 3dB coupler, the two beams of coherent light are transmitted along opposite light paths, the two beams of coherent light enter a spectrum analyzer through coherent superposition to obtain an output spectrum, and then the sensitivity of the temperature sensor is obtained according to the change relationship of the transmission spectrum with the temperature.
Setting the wavelength range to 1450 nm-1650 nm and the optical fiber length to 1cm, carrying out simulation calculation when the working wavelength is 1550nm to respectively obtain the transmission spectrum of the PCF at the temperatures of 20 ℃ and 25 ℃, wherein the result is shown in FIG. 4, the reference point on the trough of the transmission spectrum is shifted from the point P to the point P due to the temperature change, when the environmental temperature changes by 5 ℃ (corresponding to the change of M, N in FIG. 4), the output spectrum is shifted by nearly 48nm, and the sensitivity can be determined by the formula S ═ Delta lambda/Delta T, so that the sensitivity of the PCF is about 9.6 nm/. degree.C.
Through simulation verification, the photonic crystal fiber structure design with high sensitivity is obtained, and the photonic crystal fiber structure design has the following advantages:
the sensitivity reaches 9.56 nm/DEG C, which is two to three times higher than that of the prior similar research.
The temperature sensing interval is-90-105 ℃, which is about 30 ℃ higher than that of the common ethanol filling type temperature sensing PCF.
The problems of polarization state drift, inter-mode interference and the like of the traditional optical fiber temperature sensor are solved, and the interference is small.
In the present application:
1. has high temperature sensitivity. The PCF with high temperature sensitivity is obtained by realizing higher birefringence through the special structural design of the photonic crystal fiber and combining liquid toluene with high thermo-optic coefficient doped into the double cores of the photonic crystal fiber, and the sensitivity of the PCF is about 9.6 nm/DEG C.
2. The interference caused by the problems of polarization state drift, inter-mode interference and the like to the temperature measurement is avoided. The double-core photonic crystal fiber is used as a sensitive element of the temperature sensor, so that the whole structure has high birefringence, the polarization maintaining capability is enhanced, and the problems of polarization state drift and inter-mode interference of the traditional fiber temperature sensor can be effectively solved.
3. The temperature sensing range is higher. Toluene is used as filling liquid, the temperature sensing range of the photonic crystal fiber is improved, and the temperature sensing range is about 90-105 ℃.
4. Easy integration and miniaturization. Because the photonic crystal fiber is filled with the high-temperature sensitive material, the sensitivity of the photonic crystal fiber to temperature is greatly improved, and a better temperature sensing effect can be achieved under a smaller sensing length.
The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (4)
1. A temperature sensing photonic crystal fiber comprising a background material;
characterized by also comprising the following components arranged in the background material:
an outer cladding; the outer cladding layer is formed into two layers of regularly arranged octagonal air hole structures;
a fiber core; the fiber core is arranged at the center of the outer cladding;
an elliptical hole structure; the elliptical hole structure is arranged in the inner area of the outer cladding and comprises two elliptical holes, the two elliptical holes are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the fiber core, and the elliptical holes are filled with temperature-sensitive liquid;
a small circular air hole structure; the small round air hole structure is arranged in the inner area of the outer cladding layer and comprises four small round air holes which are arranged on the same straight line, the four small round air holes are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the fiber core, and the small round air hole structure is vertical to the elliptical hole structure;
a large circular air hole structure; the big circular air hole structure is arranged in the inner area of the outer cladding layer and comprises four big circular air holes which are uniformly distributed around the fiber core, and each big circular air hole is arranged between one elliptical hole and two small circular air holes on one side of the fiber core.
2. The temperature-sensing photonic crystal fiber of claim 1, wherein: the temperature-sensitive liquid is toluene.
3. The temperature-sensing photonic crystal fiber of claim 1 or 2, wherein:
the length of the minor axis of the elliptical hole is 1 um; the length of the long axis of the elliptical hole is 2.4 um;
the diameter of the large round air hole is 2 um;
the diameter of the small round air hole is 1 um;
the minimum distance between two layers of air holes in the outer cladding is 2.5 um;
the diameter of the air holes in the outer cladding is 1.4 um;
the diameter of the fiber core air hole is 1.4 um;
the diameter of the photonic crystal fiber is 20 um.
4. The temperature-sensing photonic crystal fiber of claim 3, wherein:
the distance from the center of the fiber core to the center of any one elliptical hole is 2.5um；
The distance from the center of the fiber core to the center of any large circular air hole is
The distance from the center of the fiber core to the center of any one of the nearest small circular air holes is 1.8 um;
the distance between the centers of the two small circular air holes positioned on the same side of the fiber core is 1.8 um;
the distance between the center of the small circular air hole far away from the fiber core and the center of one air hole of the outer cladding layer on the same straight line is 1.4 um;
the distance between the centers of the large circular air holes at the two sides of the small circular air hole close to the fiber core is 3.6 um.
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| CN112629704A (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2021-04-09 | 上海金智晟东电力科技有限公司 | Honeycomb type polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber and temperature sensor |
| CN113138035A (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2021-07-20 | 东北大学 | Temperature sensor and temperature measurement system based on optical fiber dispersion wave |
| CN113804324A (en) * | 2021-10-11 | 2021-12-17 | 东北大学 | All-fiber real-time temperature sensor based on high-order soliton compression process |
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