CN110687203B - Tunnel inverted arch steel frame ring forming quality detection method based on stress wave signal analysis - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for detecting looping quality of an inverted arch steel frame of a tunnel by stress wave signal analysis, which comprises the following steps: the left end of the tunnel inverted arch structure is intersected with the tunnel supporting structure at a point A; the right end of the tunnel inverted arch structure is intersected with the tunnel supporting structure at a point B; wherein the point A and the point B are located at the same height; arranging an excitation detector at the point A; arranging a remote detector at a point B; the excitation detector and the far-end detector are both connected to a first sampling channel port and a second sampling channel port of the dual-channel data acquisition instrument; and arranging an excitation source at a position C of the tunnel supporting structure close to the point A. The invention provides a method for detecting the looping quality of an inverted arch steel frame of a tunnel by stress wave signal analysis, which has the following advantages: the invention can simply, quickly and accurately detect whether the loop forming quality of the tunnel inverted arch steel frame is qualified or not, is convenient to operate and has intuitive result, thereby effectively avoiding the hidden quality trouble caused by the non-loop forming of the inverted arch.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of nondestructive testing of highway tunnels, and particularly relates to a method for detecting looping quality of an inverted arch steel frame of a tunnel by stress wave signal analysis.
Background
The number of highway construction in southwest areas of China is increased dramatically, and the occupation ratio of highway tunnels is large due to complex topography in the southwest areas. The inverted arch is used as an important component of a tunnel lining structure, and the inverted arch structure is arranged at the bottom of the tunnel, so that the effect of improving the stress condition of an upper supporting structure is achieved, the stratum pressure at the upper part of the tunnel is transmitted to the underground, and the counter force transmitted from the lower part of the tunnel is resisted, therefore, the inverted arch plays an important role in improving the safety, the bearing capacity and the like of the lining structure. Because the inverted arch is a hidden project, the construction quality control difficulty is high, and the detection of the construction quality of the inverted arch is particularly important.
At present, the problem of the bulging and cracking of highway pavement still happens occasionally, and the reason is that the monitoring is blank in the inverted arch installation quality link, steel frames cannot form a ring due to the phenomenon of illegal work, if the inverted arch is subjected to underexcavation and the size of a uniformly processed steel member is deviated, remedial measures of connecting members are lacked on site during installation, seam welding, steel bar connection and even dislocation are randomly performed, the steel frame ring forming cannot be realized, internal stress is uniformly conducted, and hidden danger is buried for the occurrence of the problem.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a method for detecting the looping quality of a tunnel inverted arch steel frame by stress wave signal analysis, which can effectively solve the problems.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a method for detecting looping quality of an inverted arch steel frame of a tunnel by stress wave signal analysis, which comprises the following steps of:
step 1, when a tunnel inverted arch steel frame is initially supported to form a ring, the tunnel inverted arch steel frame comprises a tunnel inverted arch structure positioned at the lower part and a tunnel supporting structure positioned above the tunnel inverted arch structure; wherein the tunnel inverted arch structure and the tunnel supporting structure form a ring structure; the arch length of the tunnel inverted arch structure is known as L1; the arc length of the tunnel supporting structure is L2; the ring length of the inverted arch steel frame ring L3 is L1+ L2;
step 2, the left end of the tunnel inverted arch structure intersects with the tunnel supporting structure at a point A; the right end of the tunnel inverted arch structure is intersected with the tunnel supporting structure at a point B; wherein the point A and the point B are located at the same height;
step 3, arranging an excitation detector at the point A; arranging a remote detector at a point B; the excitation detector and the far-end detector are both connected to a first sampling channel port and a second sampling channel port of the dual-channel data acquisition instrument;
arranging an excitation source at a position C of the tunnel supporting structure close to the point A;
step 4, the dual-channel data acquisition instrument realizes time synchronization of the dual-channel data acquisition instrument, the excitation detector and the far-end detector in a mode of broadcasting time stamps;
step 5, synchronously starting the excitation detector and the far-end detector while the excitation source is triggered to generate a vibration signal, wherein the excitation detector starts sampling from a trigger time t1, and uploads the amplitude and the sampling time of the sampled vibration wave signal as a data pair to the dual-channel data acquisition instrument in real time; similarly, the remote detector starts sampling from the triggering time t1, and uploads the amplitude and the sampling time of the sampled vibration wave signal as a data pair to the dual-channel data acquisition instrument in real time;
step 6, analyzing the data pairs uploaded by the shock excitation detector by the dual-channel data acquisition instrument to obtain a first vibration wave signal curve; the double-channel data acquisition instrument analyzes the data pairs uploaded by the remote detector to obtain a second vibration wave signal curve; wherein the first vibration wave signal curve and the second vibration wave signal curve are both: the abscissa is sampling time, and the ordinate is vibration wave signal amplitude corresponding to the sampling time;
step 7, the two-channel data acquisition instrument further analyzes the first vibration wave signal curve, whether obvious first secondary stress waves and second secondary stress waves can be positioned in the first vibration wave signal curve is judged, and if the obvious first secondary stress waves and second secondary stress waves cannot be positioned in the first vibration wave signal curve, a detection result that the loop forming quality of the tunnel inverted arch steel frame is detected unqualified is directly obtained; if so, obtaining the starting point time t2 of the first secondary stress wave in the first vibration wave signal curve and the starting point time t3 of the second secondary stress wave in the first vibration wave signal curve;
the two-channel data acquisition instrument further analyzes the second vibration wave signal curve, whether obvious primary stress waves and secondary stress waves can be positioned in the second vibration wave signal curve or not is judged, and if the obvious primary stress waves and the obvious secondary stress waves cannot be positioned in the second vibration wave signal curve, a detection result that the loop forming quality of the tunnel inverted arch steel frame is detected unqualified is directly obtained; if so, obtaining the starting point time t4 of the first secondary stress wave in the second vibration wave signal curve and the starting point time t5 of the second secondary stress wave in the second vibration wave signal curve;
step 8, the dual-channel data acquisition instrument calculates the following distances:
S1＝(t3-t1)V；
S2＝(t2-t1)V；
S3＝(t4-t1)V；
S4＝(t5-t1)V；
wherein V is the empirical wave velocity of the vibration wave on the steel frame; s1, S2, S3 and S4 are all calculated values of distance;
step 9, the dual-channel data acquisition instrument judges whether the following conditions are met, and if yes, a detection result that the loop forming quality of the tunnel inverted arch steel frame is qualified is obtained; otherwise, obtaining a detection result that the loop forming quality of the tunnel inverted arch steel frame is unqualified:
condition 1: the deviation of S1 from the loop length L3 of the inverted arch steel frame loop is less than a first set threshold value;
condition 2: s2 is less than a second set threshold;
condition 3: the deviation of the S3 from the arch length L1 of the tunnel inverted arch structure is smaller than a third set threshold value;
condition 4: the deviation of S4 from the arc length L2 of the tunnel support structure is less than a fourth set threshold.
Preferably, the arch length L1 of the tunnel inverted arch structure is 1/3 of the ring length L3; the arc length of the tunnel support structure L2 is 2/3 of the loop length L3.
The invention provides a method for detecting the looping quality of an inverted arch steel frame of a tunnel by stress wave signal analysis, which has the following advantages:
the invention can simply, quickly and accurately detect whether the loop forming quality of the tunnel inverted arch steel frame is qualified or not, is convenient to operate and has intuitive result, thereby effectively avoiding the hidden quality trouble caused by the non-loop forming of the inverted arch.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an application scene diagram of a tunnel inverted arch steel frame looping quality detection method for stress wave signal analysis according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a vibration wave signal curve diagram when the loop quality detection of the tunnel inverted arch steel frame is qualified;
FIG. 3 is a vibration wave signal curve diagram when the loop quality detection of the tunnel inverted arch steel frame is unqualified;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the acquisition principle of the dual-channel data acquisition instrument.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects solved by the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
When primary support and ring formation are carried out on the tunnel inverted arch steel frame, the construction steps are as follows: after the measurement and the paying off, the upper tunnel supporting structure and the lower tunnel inverted arch steel frame form a ring; then, backfilling the ballast into the tunnel inverted arch steel frame, and spraying concrete to fix the tunnel inverted arch steel frame. In the process of backfilling the hole slag and spraying concrete, the tunnel inverted arch steel frame is covered by the backfilled soil, so that an external constructor cannot directly observe whether the tunnel inverted arch steel frame is dislocated and separated from the ring by naked eyes. Based on the method, the invention provides a method for detecting the ring forming quality of the tunnel inverted arch steel frame by stress wave signal analysis, belongs to the technical field of nondestructive testing of highway tunnels, and can simply, quickly and accurately detect whether the ring forming quality of the tunnel inverted arch steel frame is qualified or not.
The main conception of the invention is as follows: the stress wave signal analysis technology is applied to the field of nondestructive testing of steel frame ring forming quality, when ring forming quality of a tunnel inverted arch steel frame is tested, a tunnel supporting structure above the tunnel supporting structure is ingeniously utilized, two detectors are respectively arranged on two sides of the tunnel inverted arch steel frame, the characteristic that the propagation speed of vibration waves on the steel frame is constant is utilized, through analyzing stress wave time domain signals, the calculated length of the tunnel inverted arch steel frame, the calculated length of the tunnel supporting structure and the calculated length of the ring length are reversely deduced, and the calculated lengths are compared with the real length of the tunnel inverted arch steel frame, the length of the tunnel supporting structure and the ring length respectively, so that the ring forming quality of the tunnel inverted arch steel frame is judged.
Specifically, referring to fig. 1, the method for detecting looping quality of tunnel inverted arch steel frame by stress wave signal analysis includes the following steps:
step 1, when a tunnel inverted arch steel frame is initially supported to form a ring, the tunnel inverted arch steel frame comprises a tunnel inverted arch structure positioned at the lower part and a tunnel supporting structure positioned above the tunnel inverted arch structure; wherein the tunnel inverted arch structure and the tunnel supporting structure form a ring structure; the arch length of the tunnel inverted arch structure is known as L1; the arc length of the tunnel supporting structure is L2; the ring length of the inverted arch steel frame ring L3 is L1+ L2; referring to fig. 1, L1 is the arc length at point a when it reaches point B along propagation path 2; l2 is the arc length at which point a reaches point B along propagation path 1. In practical application, the arch length L1 of the tunnel inverted arch structure is 1/3 of the ring length L3; the arc length of the tunnel support structure L2 is 2/3 of the loop length L3.
Step 2, the left end of the tunnel inverted arch structure intersects with the tunnel supporting structure at a point A; the right end of the tunnel inverted arch structure is intersected with the tunnel supporting structure at a point B; wherein the point A and the point B are located at the same height;
step 3, arranging an excitation detector at the point A; arranging a remote detector at a point B; the excitation detector and the far-end detector are both connected to a first sampling channel port and a second sampling channel port of the dual-channel data acquisition instrument;
arranging an excitation source at a position C of the tunnel supporting structure close to the point A;
step 4, the dual-channel data acquisition instrument realizes time synchronization of the dual-channel data acquisition instrument, the excitation detector and the far-end detector in a mode of broadcasting time stamps;
step 5, synchronously starting the excitation detector and the far-end detector while the excitation source is triggered to generate a vibration signal, wherein the excitation detector starts sampling from a trigger time t1, and uploads the amplitude and the sampling time of the sampled vibration wave signal as a data pair to the dual-channel data acquisition instrument in real time; similarly, the remote detector starts sampling from the triggering time t1, and uploads the amplitude and the sampling time of the sampled vibration wave signal as a data pair to the dual-channel data acquisition instrument in real time;
step 6, analyzing the data pairs uploaded by the shock excitation detector by the dual-channel data acquisition instrument to obtain a first vibration wave signal curve; the double-channel data acquisition instrument analyzes the data pairs uploaded by the remote detector to obtain a second vibration wave signal curve; wherein the first vibration wave signal curve and the second vibration wave signal curve are both: the abscissa is sampling time, and the ordinate is vibration wave signal amplitude corresponding to the sampling time;
step 7, the two-channel data acquisition instrument further analyzes the first vibration wave signal curve, whether obvious first secondary stress waves and second secondary stress waves can be positioned in the first vibration wave signal curve is judged, and if the obvious first secondary stress waves and second secondary stress waves cannot be positioned in the first vibration wave signal curve, a detection result that the loop forming quality of the tunnel inverted arch steel frame is detected unqualified is directly obtained; if so, obtaining the starting point time t2 of the first secondary stress wave in the first vibration wave signal curve and the starting point time t3 of the second secondary stress wave in the first vibration wave signal curve;
the two-channel data acquisition instrument further analyzes the second vibration wave signal curve, whether obvious primary stress waves and secondary stress waves can be positioned in the second vibration wave signal curve or not is judged, and if the obvious primary stress waves and the obvious secondary stress waves cannot be positioned in the second vibration wave signal curve, a detection result that the loop forming quality of the tunnel inverted arch steel frame is detected unqualified is directly obtained; if so, obtaining the starting point time t4 of the first secondary stress wave in the second vibration wave signal curve and the starting point time t5 of the second secondary stress wave in the second vibration wave signal curve;
step 8, the dual-channel data acquisition instrument calculates the following distances:
S1＝(t3-t1)V；
S2＝(t2-t1)V；
S3＝(t4-t1)V；
S4＝(t5-t1)V；
wherein V is the empirical wave velocity of the vibration wave on the steel frame; s1, S2, S3 and S4 are all calculated values of distance;
step 9, the dual-channel data acquisition instrument judges whether the following conditions are met, and if yes, a detection result that the loop forming quality of the tunnel inverted arch steel frame is qualified is obtained; otherwise, obtaining a detection result that the loop forming quality of the tunnel inverted arch steel frame is unqualified:
condition 1: the deviation of S1 from the loop length L3 of the inverted arch steel frame loop is less than a first set threshold value;
condition 2: s2 is less than a second set threshold;
condition 3: the deviation of the S3 from the arch length L1 of the tunnel inverted arch structure is smaller than a third set threshold value;
condition 4: the deviation of S4 from the arc length L2 of the tunnel support structure is less than a fourth set threshold.
The specific setting ranges of the first set threshold, the second set threshold, the third set threshold and the fourth set threshold are determined according to the specific detection accuracy requirement, and may be, for example, about 10 cm.
The invention provides a tunnel invert steel frame looping quality detection method for stress wave signal analysis, which is based on a stress wave method, utilizes the characteristic that stress waves can change when encountering wave impedance surfaces, generates stress wave signals by utilizing an excitation source at one end of a tunnel invert steel frame, and respectively arranges an excitation geophone and a remote geophone at the same steel frame on the two side walls of a tunnel, wherein the excitation source is close to the excitation geophone, the excitation geophone and the remote geophone simultaneously sample the stress wave signals, and the connection condition of the steel frames is analyzed and judged according to the received time point characteristics of the stress wave signals of the geophones at different positions.
For example, referring to fig. 1, assume that the length of the tunnel inverted arch steel frame accounts for total loop length 1/3 and the length of the tunnel support structure above accounts for total loop length 2/3. When the steel frame ring forming device is excited near the excitation detector, the multifunctional double-channel data acquisition instrument is used for simultaneously acquiring data obtained by the excitation detector and the far-end detector, and the steel frame ring forming quality is obtained by analyzing the data of the two channels of the multifunctional double-channel data acquisition instrument.
1) The situation that the loop forming quality of the tunnel inverted arch steel frame is qualified
Under the condition that a tunnel inverted arch steel frame is looped and completely installed, stress waves are simultaneously propagated along an upper arch part and an inverted arch respectively after a seismic source is excited at a point C, and for an excitation detector, under an ideal condition, the seismic source is detected by the excitation detector and forms a stress wave after being propagated through a very short C-A arc along the counterclockwise direction from the point C; the seismic source passes through a distance of about one ring length from the point C in the clockwise direction, and then is detected by the excitation detector to form another stress wave; for a remote detector, the source travels from point C in a counter-clockwise direction through the C-B arc, i.e.: after 1/3 ring length distance, it will be detected by the remote detector and form a stress wave; after the seismic source propagates from the point C in the clockwise direction through the arc C-B, the following steps are performed: over a distance of about 2/3 ring lengths, another stress wave will be detected and formed by the remote receivers. At this time, a stress wave curve shown in fig. 2 was obtained.
Therefore, after the time from the positioning of the stress wave curve to the starting vibration point of the corresponding stress wave, the arc length of different sections can be reversely deduced by combining the empirical wave speed of the vibration wave on the steel frame, then the reversely deduced arc length is compared with the actual arc length, if the deviation is smaller than the set threshold value, the ring forming quality of the tunnel inverted arch steel frame is qualified, otherwise, if the stress wave curve shown in fig. 3 is obtained, because obvious stress wave signals twice cannot be extracted for the first vibration wave signal curve, only the first stress wave signal is obtained, and therefore, the conclusion that the ring forming quality of the tunnel inverted arch steel frame is unqualified can be obtained. At this time, the conclusion that the loop forming quality of the tunnel inverted arch steel frame is not qualified can be verified by further analyzing the second vibration wave signal curve. For fig. 3, S3 ═ V (t4-t1) can be calculated; s3 is obviously smaller than the arch length L1 of the tunnel inverted arch structure; therefore, the conclusion that the loop forming quality of the tunnel inverted arch steel frame is not qualified is further verified.
In this application, for the validity of this conclusion of guaranteeing that tunnel invert steelframe cyclization quality is qualified, prevent to appear because butt welding, steel bar connection, dislocation etc. and the problem that the steelframe does not form the ring, set up four conditions, promptly: and under the conditions 1, 2, 3 and 4, only when the four conditions pass, the qualified detection result of the loop forming quality detection of the tunnel inverted arch steel frame is obtained, and the reliability of the loop forming quality detection result is improved.
For the dual-channel data acquisition instrument, in order to improve the stress wave detection precision, the structure shown in fig. 4 is adopted. The multifunctional double-channel data acquisition instrument consists of a control terminal, an acquisition device and a sensor. The control terminal is a mobile computer device such as a reinforced notebook computer, a tablet computer or a mobile phone. The collector serves as a wireless WiFi hotspot AP function during working, and the control terminal is supported to be accessed to the collector in a WiFi mode. When the analog signal is collected, the sensor signal is amplified and converted into the analog signal which can be collected by the ADC through the conditioning circuit; the conditioned analog signal is quantized into a sampling digital signal through an ADC (analog-to-digital converter); the quantized sampling digital signal is bridged by the CPLD and is quickly cached to an internal memory or an external memory by the MCU through the DMA; and the MCU uploads the cached sampling data to the upper computer through WiFi. Through the steps, the collector finishes the collection of the double-channel analog signals and uploads the collected signals to the upper computer for display processing. The collector mainly comprises a sensor interface and a conditioning circuit, an ADC sampling machine and control, an MCU and cache, a trigger control, wireless communication, power management and other partial circuits.
The invention provides a method for detecting the looping quality of an inverted arch steel frame of a tunnel by stress wave signal analysis, which has the following advantages:
1. the invention can simply, quickly and accurately detect whether the loop forming quality of the tunnel inverted arch steel frame is qualified or not, is convenient to operate and has intuitive result, thereby effectively avoiding the hidden quality trouble caused by the non-loop forming of the inverted arch.
2. The invention can detect the loop forming quality of the inverted arch in time, and avoid the condition that the bearing capacity cannot be uniformly conducted because the inverted arch cannot meet the steel support loop forming requirement, so that the tunnel engineering structure is in a non-uniform stress change state, and the invention can prevent the occurrence of diseases.
3. The invention fills the blank of the loop quality detection of the tunnel inverted arch steel frame and ensures the safety of tunnel construction.
Claims (2)
1. A method for detecting looping quality of an inverted arch steel frame of a tunnel through stress wave signal analysis is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, when a tunnel inverted arch steel frame is initially supported to form a ring, the tunnel inverted arch steel frame comprises a tunnel inverted arch structure positioned at the lower part and a tunnel supporting structure positioned above the tunnel inverted arch structure; wherein the tunnel inverted arch structure and the tunnel supporting structure form a ring structure; the arch length of the tunnel inverted arch structure is known as L1; the arc length of the tunnel supporting structure is L2; the ring length of the inverted arch steel frame ring L3 is L1+ L2;
step 2, the left end of the tunnel inverted arch structure intersects with the tunnel supporting structure at a point A; the right end of the tunnel inverted arch structure is intersected with the tunnel supporting structure at a point B; wherein the point A and the point B are located at the same height;
step 3, arranging an excitation detector at the point A; arranging a remote detector at a point B; the excitation detector and the far-end detector are both connected to a first sampling channel port and a second sampling channel port of the dual-channel data acquisition instrument;
arranging an excitation source at a position C of the tunnel supporting structure close to the point A;
step 4, the dual-channel data acquisition instrument realizes time synchronization of the dual-channel data acquisition instrument, the excitation detector and the far-end detector in a mode of broadcasting time stamps;
step 5, synchronously starting the excitation detector and the far-end detector while the excitation source is triggered to generate a vibration signal, wherein the excitation detector starts sampling from a trigger time t1, and uploads the amplitude and the sampling time of the sampled vibration wave signal as a data pair to the dual-channel data acquisition instrument in real time; similarly, the remote detector starts sampling from the triggering time t1, and uploads the amplitude and the sampling time of the sampled vibration wave signal as a data pair to the dual-channel data acquisition instrument in real time;
step 6, analyzing the data pairs uploaded by the shock excitation detector by the dual-channel data acquisition instrument to obtain a first vibration wave signal curve; the double-channel data acquisition instrument analyzes the data pairs uploaded by the remote detector to obtain a second vibration wave signal curve; wherein the first vibration wave signal curve and the second vibration wave signal curve are both: the abscissa is sampling time, and the ordinate is vibration wave signal amplitude corresponding to the sampling time;
step 7, the two-channel data acquisition instrument further analyzes the first vibration wave signal curve, whether obvious first secondary stress waves and second secondary stress waves can be positioned in the first vibration wave signal curve is judged, and if the obvious first secondary stress waves and second secondary stress waves cannot be positioned in the first vibration wave signal curve, a detection result that the loop forming quality of the tunnel inverted arch steel frame is detected unqualified is directly obtained; if so, obtaining the starting point time t2 of the first secondary stress wave in the first vibration wave signal curve and the starting point time t3 of the second secondary stress wave in the first vibration wave signal curve;
the two-channel data acquisition instrument further analyzes the second vibration wave signal curve, whether obvious primary stress waves and secondary stress waves can be positioned in the second vibration wave signal curve or not is judged, and if the obvious primary stress waves and the obvious secondary stress waves cannot be positioned in the second vibration wave signal curve, a detection result that the loop forming quality of the tunnel inverted arch steel frame is detected unqualified is directly obtained; if so, obtaining the starting point time t4 of the first secondary stress wave in the second vibration wave signal curve and the starting point time t5 of the second secondary stress wave in the second vibration wave signal curve;
step 8, the dual-channel data acquisition instrument calculates the following distances:
S1＝(t3-t1)V；
S2＝(t2-t1)V；
S3＝(t4-t1)V；
S4＝(t5-t1)V；
wherein V is the empirical wave velocity of the vibration wave on the steel frame; s1, S2, S3 and S4 are all calculated values of distance;
step 9, the dual-channel data acquisition instrument judges whether the following conditions are met, and if yes, a detection result that the loop forming quality of the tunnel inverted arch steel frame is qualified is obtained; otherwise, obtaining a detection result that the loop forming quality of the tunnel inverted arch steel frame is unqualified:
condition 1: the deviation of S1 from the loop length L3 of the inverted arch steel frame loop is less than a first set threshold value;
condition 2: s2 is less than a second set threshold;
condition 3: the deviation of the S3 from the arch length L1 of the tunnel inverted arch structure is smaller than a third set threshold value;
condition 4: the deviation of S4 from the arc length L2 of the tunnel support structure is less than a fourth set threshold.
2. The method for detecting looping quality of tunnel inverted arch steel frame for stress wave signal analysis according to claim 1, wherein the arch length L1 of the tunnel inverted arch structure is 1/3 of the loop length L3; the arc length of the tunnel support structure L2 is 2/3 of the loop length L3.
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Denomination of invention: A Quality Inspection Method for Ring Forming of Tunnel Inverted Arch Steel Frame Based on Stress Wave Signal Analysis Effective date of registration: 20230925 Granted publication date: 20211228 Pledgee: Bank of China Limited Kunming Guandu Branch Pledgor: YUNNAN AEROSPACE ENGINEERING GEOPHYSICAL SURVEY INSPECTION Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2023530000059 |
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