CN110683045B - 飞行器 - Google Patents

飞行器 Download PDF

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CN110683045B
CN110683045B CN201910597964.1A CN201910597964A CN110683045B CN 110683045 B CN110683045 B CN 110683045B CN 201910597964 A CN201910597964 A CN 201910597964A CN 110683045 B CN110683045 B CN 110683045B
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CN110683045A (zh
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S·本德尔
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Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C29/00—Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft
    • B64C29/0008—Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft having its flight directional axis horizontal when grounded
    • B64C29/0016—Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft having its flight directional axis horizontal when grounded the lift during taking-off being created by free or ducted propellers or by blowers
    • B64C29/0025—Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft having its flight directional axis horizontal when grounded the lift during taking-off being created by free or ducted propellers or by blowers the propellers being fixed relative to the fuselage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C27/00—Rotorcraft; Rotors peculiar thereto
    • B64C27/52—Tilting of rotor bodily relative to fuselage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D27/00—Arrangement or mounting of power plants in aircraft; Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plants
    • B64D27/02—Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plants
    • B64D27/24—Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plants using steam or spring force
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C27/00—Rotorcraft; Rotors peculiar thereto
    • B64C27/22—Compound rotorcraft, i.e. aircraft using in flight the features of both aeroplane and rotorcraft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C27/00—Rotorcraft; Rotors peculiar thereto
    • B64C27/22—Compound rotorcraft, i.e. aircraft using in flight the features of both aeroplane and rotorcraft
    • B64C27/28—Compound rotorcraft, i.e. aircraft using in flight the features of both aeroplane and rotorcraft with forward-propulsion propellers pivotable to act as lifting rotors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C29/00—Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft
    • B64C29/0008—Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft having its flight directional axis horizontal when grounded
    • B64C29/0016—Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft having its flight directional axis horizontal when grounded the lift during taking-off being created by free or ducted propellers or by blowers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C29/00—Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft
    • B64C29/0008—Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft having its flight directional axis horizontal when grounded
    • B64C29/0016—Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft having its flight directional axis horizontal when grounded the lift during taking-off being created by free or ducted propellers or by blowers
    • B64C29/0033—Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft having its flight directional axis horizontal when grounded the lift during taking-off being created by free or ducted propellers or by blowers the propellers being tiltable relative to the fuselage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64U10/00—Type of UAV
    • B64U10/20—Vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64U50/00—Propulsion; Power supply
    • B64U50/10—Propulsion
    • B64U50/13—Propulsion using external fans or propellers
    • B64U50/14—Propulsion using external fans or propellers ducted or shrouded
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64U50/00—Propulsion; Power supply
    • B64U50/10—Propulsion
    • B64U50/19—Propulsion using electrically powered motors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64U70/00—Launching, take-off or landing arrangements
    • B64U70/60—Take-off or landing of UAVs from a runway using their own power
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64U2201/00—UAVs characterised by their flight controls
    • B64U2201/10—UAVs characterised by their flight controls autonomous, i.e. by navigating independently from ground or air stations, e.g. by using inertial navigation systems [INS]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64U30/00—Means for producing lift; Empennages; Arrangements thereof
    • B64U30/20—Rotors; Rotor supports
    • B64U30/29—Constructional aspects of rotors or rotor supports; Arrangements thereof
    • B64U30/293—Foldable or collapsible rotors or rotor supports
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Retarders (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Radio Relay Systems (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明提供一种飞行器(10)，该飞行器具有以下特征：该飞行器(10)具有紧急旋翼(11，12)；并且该紧急旋翼(11，12)能够从静止位置(11)伸出到使用位置(12)。

Description

飞行器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种飞行器、尤其一种完全电动的、可竖直地起飞和降落(verticaltake-off and landing，VTOL)的飞行器。
背景技术
VTOL在航空航天技术中跨语言地指如下任何类型的飞机、无人机或火箭，其能够基本竖直地且无需起飞和降落跑道的情况下升起和再次着陆。这个通称术语在下文中被广义地使用，其不仅包括带有机翼的固定翼飞机，而且同样包括旋翼飞机(如直升旋翼机、自转旋翼机、螺旋桨旋翼机)和混合式飞机(如复合式直升旋翼机或组合式旋翼机)以及可竖直升降的飞机。此外，还包括能够在特别短的距离内起飞和降落(short take-off andlanding，STOL)、在短的距离内起飞但竖直地降落(short take-off and verticallanding，STOVL)、或竖直地起飞但水平地降落(vertical take-off and horizontallanding，VTHL)的飞行器。
US 7677491 B2公开了一种具有可伸出的自动旋转旋翼***的由飞行器支持的供应***(Liefersystem)。该旋翼***简化了下降的控制。
根据US 3333643 A的可伸出的旋翼具有灵活的叶片以及可折拢在一起的结构以便存储到最小化的空间上，其中组件在释放之后自动展开开始的、部分打开的位置，在此位置所安装的机翼由于下降时的气流而驱动旋翼，并且旋翼叶片通过与转速有关的机构逐步松开，以便逐渐增加减速。当旋翼完全展开时，旋翼在方向上是可控的，并且自动调节下降速度。
根据US 4017043 A的可伸出的旋翼可以例如用作用于弹射座椅的抬升设备，其中旋翼叶片的梯度对应于旋转速度而改变。
发明内容
本发明提供一种根据优选技术方案的飞行器，尤其全电动的、如上所述可竖直起飞和降落的飞行器。
本方案的优点在于对应地装配的飞行器的提高的安全性。在此，在常规的巡航运行中，旋翼以受保护的方式安装在飞行器中并且因此鸟撞是不可能的。
本发明的其他有利的设计方案在可选技术方案中给出。因此，例如该飞行器可以设计有被折弯的或者甚至选择性地能够折弯的机翼。对应的变体增大了水平飞行中有效的机翼面积，而不扩展飞行器的占地面积。
此外，该飞行器能够具有可快速充电的电池***，该电池***提供用于竖直起飞和降落以及水平飞行的驱动能量并且可以实现能够对飞行器进行短暂的充电。
在此，为了驱动飞行器，可以使用不同尺寸的多个涵道风扇式螺旋桨(ductedfans)来代替自由旋翼，例如这些涵道风扇式螺旋桨在航空技术以外如从气垫船或风扇船(Sumpfbooten)中已知。在这种实施方式中，包围螺旋桨的柱形壳体由于叶片尖端处的湍流而能够明显减小推进损失。适合的涵道风扇式螺旋桨能够水平地或竖直地定向、在这两种位置之间可枢转地实施、或者出于空气动力学原因在水平飞行中由片(louvers)遮盖。此外可设想借助固定的涵道风扇式螺旋桨产生纯水平的推进。
最后，除了飞行器的优选完全自主的运行之外，在资格足够的情况下也考虑允许人类飞行员手动控制，这使得根据本发明的设备在操纵中被赋予最大可能的灵活性。
附图说明
附图中展示了本发明的一个实施例且将在下文中进行更详细的说明。
附图展示了飞行器的俯视图。
具体实施方式
该唯一的附图示出根据本发明的飞行器10的优选设计方案的结构上的特征。
飞行器10在其鼻形部14处(可看到地)具有根据图示向上因此与巡航飞行方向相反地可伸出的紧急旋翼11，12。在这个细长的紧急旋翼11，12在静止位置11以大体上无法看见的方式被集成在飞行器10的机身中的最小结构空间中期间，该紧急旋翼可以在需要时通过平移运动以其直径的一点五倍进入在飞行器驾驶舱前方向前从机体伸出、的使用位置12。在这个最终位置，紧急旋翼11，12可以在紧急降落的情况下用于辅助或者代替升降旋翼或者在由故障导致而延缓巡航飞行时抵抗失速。

Claims (6)

1.一种能够竖直地起飞和降落的飞行器(10)，
其特征在于以下特征：
-该飞行器(10)具有紧急旋翼，并且
-该紧急旋翼能够从静止位置(11)伸出到使用位置(12)，该紧急旋翼能够沿与该飞行器(10)的巡航飞行方向(13)相反的方向水平地伸出，
其中该紧急旋翼布置在该飞行器(10)的鼻形部(14)处，以及其中，所述紧急旋翼具有从所述飞行器(10)的鼻形部(14)沿巡航飞行方向(13)水平地延伸的轴和安装在所述轴上的垂直于水平面的旋转轴上并且在水平面上旋转的两个旋翼叶片，当所述两个旋翼叶片被安置处于非使用的静止位置(11)时，所述两个旋翼叶片被安置为从所述轴的旋转轴沿与所述轴的伸出方向彼此相反地延伸；
其中该飞行器(10)包括折弯的或能够折弯的机翼，
其中该飞行器(10)包括用于产生推进的竖直地固定的涵道风扇式螺旋桨。
2.根据权利要求1所述的飞行器(10)，
其特征在于以下特征：
-该飞行器(10)具有全电动的驱动器。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的飞行器(10)，
其特征在于以下特征：
-该飞行器(10)包括能够快速充电的电池***。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的飞行器(10)，
其特征在于以下特征：
-该飞行器(10)包括用于起飞和降落的水平地固定的涵道风扇式螺旋桨。
5.根据权利要求4所述的飞行器(10)，
其特征在于以下特征：
-该飞行器(10)具有多个片，并且
-水平的所述涵道风扇式螺旋桨能够借助这些片选择性地被覆盖。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的飞行器(10)，
其特征在于以下特征：
-该飞行器(10)能够选择性地全自主地控制。
CN201910597964.1A 2018-07-04 2019-07-04 飞行器 Active CN110683045B (zh)

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DE102018116152.2A DE102018116152A1 (de) 2018-07-04 2018-07-04 Luftfahrzeug

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JP (1) JP6825050B2 (zh)
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DE (1) DE102018116152A1 (zh)
FR (1) FR3083518B1 (zh)
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US20200010185A1 (en) 2020-01-09
CN110683045A (zh) 2020-01-14
GB2576248B (en) 2021-06-02
FR3083518A1 (fr) 2020-01-10
FR3083518B1 (fr) 2022-07-15
DE102018116152A1 (de) 2020-01-09
GB201909480D0 (en) 2019-08-14
GB2576248A (en) 2020-02-12
JP2020006945A (ja) 2020-01-16
JP6825050B2 (ja) 2021-02-03

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