CN110682758A

CN110682758A - Fuel cell vehicle heating system and fuel cell vehicle

Info

Publication number: CN110682758A
Application number: CN201810739080.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 白昊; 李飞强; 吴光平; 李进; 柴结实; 廖建华; 杨春博
Original assignee: Zhengzhou Yutong Bus Co Ltd
Current assignee: Zhengzhou Yutong Bus Co Ltd
Priority date: 2018-07-06
Filing date: 2018-07-06
Publication date: 2020-01-14

Abstract

The invention relates to a fuel cell vehicle heating system and a fuel cell vehicle, comprising a passenger compartment and the fuel cell vehicle heating system, wherein the fuel cell vehicle heating system comprises air channels at two sides of the top of the passenger compartment and a tail exhaust pipeline of a fuel cell, and the tail exhaust pipeline of the fuel cell is arranged in the air channels and extends along the direction of the air channels. The operation temperature of the fuel cell system is generally 60-90 ℃, the temperature of tail gas is the same as the operation temperature of the fuel cell system, and meanwhile supersaturated water vapor in the tail gas contains more latent heat; the problem of traditional heating mode whole car power consumption big, reduce whole car mileage of traveling is solved.

Description

Fuel cell vehicle heating system and fuel cell vehicle

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cell vehicles, and particularly relates to a fuel cell vehicle heating system and a fuel cell vehicle.

Background

The fuel cell is a device for directly converting chemical energy of fuel into electric energy, can continuously output the electric energy only by introducing the fuel and oxidant, and has the advantages of high energy conversion rate, cleanness, environmental protection and no need of charging. The fuel cell automobile has become an important direction for the development of new energy automobiles due to the characteristics of long endurance and short hydrogenation time. The electric efficiency of the fuel cell is about 50%, 1kW of heat can be generated when 1kW of electricity is generated, and for a 30kW fuel cell system, 30kW of waste heat is generated, so that the heat is huge, but no scheme for utilizing the waste heat of the fuel cell exists in the industry at present, and the part of the waste heat is discharged into the atmosphere in both winter and summer.

For the condition of low temperature, the maximum heating requirement of the passenger compartment in winter is 30-40kW, most of the requirements are met by an air conditioner, a water heater or an electric heating radiator, and for pure electric vehicles and fuel cell vehicles, a large amount of electricity is used for heating in winter, so that the electricity consumption of the whole vehicle is greatly improved, and the driving range of the whole vehicle is reduced.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a fuel cell vehicle heating system and a fuel cell vehicle, which are used for heating a passenger compartment by utilizing waste heat of a tail exhaust of a fuel cell and solving the problems of large power consumption of the whole vehicle and reduction of the driving mileage of the whole vehicle in the traditional heating mode.

In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

the invention provides a fuel cell vehicle heating system which comprises air ducts on two sides of the top of a passenger compartment and a tail exhaust pipeline of a fuel cell, wherein the tail exhaust pipeline of the fuel cell is arranged in the air ducts and extends along the air duct direction.

The invention also provides a fuel cell vehicle, which comprises a passenger cabin and a fuel cell vehicle heating system, wherein the fuel cell vehicle heating system comprises air channels on two sides of the top of the passenger cabin and a tail exhaust pipeline of the fuel cell, and the tail exhaust pipeline of the fuel cell is arranged in the air channels and extends along the direction of the air channels.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the operation temperature of the fuel cell system is generally 60-90 ℃, the temperature of tail gas is the same as the operation temperature of the fuel cell system, and meanwhile supersaturated water vapor in the tail gas contains more latent heat; the problem of traditional heating mode whole car power consumption big, reduce whole car mileage of traveling is solved.

As a further improvement of the fuel cell vehicle heating system and the fuel cell vehicle, a tail pipe of the fuel cell is disposed obliquely.

As a further improvement of the fuel cell vehicle heating system and the fuel cell vehicle, the fuel cell vehicle heating system further comprises a fuel cell radiator, and a tail pipe of the fuel cell radiates heat through the radiator and then is discharged out of the vehicle.

As a further improvement of the fuel cell vehicle heating system and the fuel cell vehicle, the fuel cell radiator is arranged under the last row of seats of the vehicle or near the tail of the carriage.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of fuel cell gas heat exchange;

FIG. 2 is a side view of a vehicle heating system in embodiment 1;

FIG. 3 is a plan view of a vehicle heating system in embodiment 1;

fig. 4 is a schematic view of the installation of the fuel cell radiator in embodiment 2.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

The basic principle of the invention is as follows:

as shown in fig. 1, after the fuel cell exchanges heat by introducing hydrogen and air into two heat exchangers, the tail gas in the hydrogen tail row and the air tail row is discharged through a tail row pipeline. The operation temperature of the fuel cell system is generally 60-90 ℃, the temperature of tail gas is the same as that of the fuel cell system, meanwhile supersaturated water vapor in the tail gas contains more latent heat, and the tail gas of the fuel cell is introduced into a tail exhaust pipeline of the fuel cell by utilizing the waste heat of the tail gas of the fuel cell, so that the air in an air duct of a vehicle is heated, and the carriage is heated.

Example 1:

as shown in fig. 2, the fuel cell C is installed behind the roof of the vehicle, and the fuel cell exhaust pipe B is installed in the air duct a of the air circulation system of the vehicle. As shown in fig. 3, two tail pipe lines B1 and B2 are disposed in the air ducts of the air ducts on both sides of the vehicle and extend along the air duct direction, and by adjusting the temperature of tail gas in the tail pipe lines B1 and B2, air in the air ducts is heated by the tail pipe lines in cold weather, so as to heat the vehicle compartment. In order to accurately calculate the heat exchange area and reasonably utilize the waste heat of the fuel cell, the following method is adopted:

obtaining the heat load according to the temperature difference of the inlet and outlet pipelines of the tail gas

Q＝mC_pΔt

Relationship between heat load and heat transfer area

Q＝KAΔt_m

Wherein Q is the heat load, m is the mass flow of the tail gas, C_pIs the mass heat capacity of the tail gas, delta t is the temperature difference of the inlet and outlet pipelines of the tail gas, K is the total heat transfer coefficient, A is the heat transfer area, delta t_mIs a logarithmic heat transfer temperature difference.

The heat exchange area can be obtained through simultaneous reaction; after the heat exchange area is obtained, the tail pipe arrangement way of the fuel cell can be adjusted according to the heat exchange area required by the actual carriage.

The tail exhaust pipeline uses standard stainless steel pipes, and air flows in an air duct of the vehicle air circulation system, so that the heat transfer coefficient is increased, and the heat transfer power is improved. When the device is installed, the pipeline is inclined downwards, so that condensed water can be smoothly discharged, and the pipeline is prevented from being accumulated in the pipeline and being blocked.

Example 2:

in addition to embodiment 1, a fuel cell radiator may be added to assist in heating the vehicle cabin, and the residual heat of the fuel cell may be further utilized.

As shown in fig. 4, the outlet of the tail pipe of the fuel cell C in the air duct is connected to the fuel cell radiator D, and the tail pipe passes through the fuel cell radiator D and is discharged outside the vehicle. The fuel cell radiator D is arranged below the last row of seats of the vehicle, and the heat exchange area of the radiator is small. The seat is arranged behind the last row of seats, does not occupy the leg space of passengers, and can achieve the effect of auxiliary heating.

In this embodiment, the main line of the tail pipe is connected to the fuel cell radiator, and as another embodiment, the branch line of the tail pipe may be connected to the fuel cell radiator.

As another embodiment, the fuel cell radiator may be mounted near the rear of the vehicle cabin.

In another embodiment, the tail pipe of the fuel cell may be made of another heat-resistant material with good heat conductivity.

While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the above description should not be taken as limiting the invention. Various modifications and alterations to this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the foregoing description. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be determined from the following claims.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a fuel cell vehicle heating system, includes the wind channel of passenger cabin top both sides, its characterized in that still includes fuel cell's tail row pipeline, fuel cell's tail row pipeline set up in the wind channel and along the wind channel direction extends.

2. The fuel cell vehicle heating system according to claim 1, wherein a tail pipe of the fuel cell is arranged obliquely.

3. The fuel cell vehicle heating system according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a fuel cell radiator, wherein the exhaust pipe of the fuel cell radiates heat via the radiator and is then discharged outside the vehicle.

4. A fuel cell vehicle heating system as claimed in claim 3, wherein the fuel cell radiator is disposed under the last seat of the vehicle or near the rear of the vehicle.

5. A fuel cell vehicle includes a passenger compartment, and is characterized by further including a fuel cell vehicle heating system including air ducts on both sides of the top of the passenger compartment and a tail exhaust duct of a fuel cell, the tail exhaust duct of the fuel cell being provided in the air duct and extending in the air duct direction.

6. The fuel cell vehicle according to claim 5, wherein a tail pipe of the fuel cell is arranged obliquely.

7. The fuel cell vehicle according to claim 5 or 6, further comprising a fuel cell radiator, wherein the fuel cell exhaust pipe is discharged outside the vehicle after heat dissipation is performed by the radiator.

8. The fuel cell vehicle according to claim 7, wherein the fuel cell radiator is disposed under the last seat row of the vehicle or near the rear of the vehicle.