CN110681846A - Horizontal modeling vertical differential pressure pouring device and pouring method for aluminum alloy special-shaped structural part - Google Patents
Horizontal modeling vertical differential pressure pouring device and pouring method for aluminum alloy special-shaped structural part Download PDFInfo
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- CN110681846A CN110681846A CN201910945657.8A CN201910945657A CN110681846A CN 110681846 A CN110681846 A CN 110681846A CN 201910945657 A CN201910945657 A CN 201910945657A CN 110681846 A CN110681846 A CN 110681846A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 120
- 244000035744 Hura crepitans Species 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 13
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WPPDFTBPZNZZRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum copper Chemical compound [Al].[Cu] WPPDFTBPZNZZRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000000396 iron Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 108010068370 Glutens Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000021312 gluten Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 magnesium rare earth Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003110 molding sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
- B22D18/04—Low pressure casting, i.e. making use of pressures up to a few bars to fill the mould
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a horizontal modeling vertical differential pressure pouring device and a pouring method for an aluminum alloy special-shaped structural part, which solve the problem that casting defects of segregation, looseness and cracks in a casting are difficult to control when a large-plane aluminum alloy special-shaped structural part is horizontally poured by adopting horizontal modeling. The casting method comprises the steps that a cross-runner sand box (7) and a straight-runner sand box (8) are arranged on an upper cylinder sealing plate and a lower cylinder sealing plate (3) in a pressure cylinder (1) on a differential pressure casting furnace, a vertically placed middle sand box is arranged on the straight-runner sand box, a gap-runner model placing hole (15) arranged in the vertical direction is formed in the vertically placed middle sand box, a casting mold cavity (10) is formed in the middle sand box, chilling blocks (11) are arranged on the surface of the casting mold cavity, and metal liquid (5) sequentially passes through a metal liquid ascending pipe (6), a cross runner in the cross-runner sand box and a straight runner in the straight-runner sand box to enter a gap runner (9) in the middle. The cast product has no segregation and no dispersed loose casting defects.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a vertical differential pressure pouring device, in particular to a device and a pouring method for adopting horizontal modeling vertical differential pressure pouring when casting an aluminum alloy special-shaped structural part.
Background
The horizontal modeling is also called horizontal modeling, a casting model and a sand box are horizontally placed on a modeling bottom plate and positioned, and the modeling process is as follows: the gap runners are transversely arranged on the surface of the model at a certain distance, cold irons with corresponding thickness are discharged between the gap runners, then molding sand is respectively filled into the sand boxes, the sand boxes are turned after being pounded and solidified (aiming at a resin sand mold), the other half of the model, the sand boxes, the gap runners and the cold irons are placed on the model and positioned by positioning pins, the sand is filled into the sand boxes to finish the manufacture of the other half of the casting mold, the two boxes are opened after being solidified, the model is vibrated, the model is taken out of the sand mold, the whole inner-layer sand core is firstly fixed into one half of the casting mold (placed according to process requirements), the other half of the casting mold is closed onto the half of the casting mold provided with the sand core by the positioning pins, the two casting molds are locked; the prior art horizontally places the whole casting mold into a differential pressure casting furnace to complete casting molding, when copper and other alloy elements exist in the material of a casting part, the solidification and crystallization temperature range of the alloy is very wide and is pasty solidification characteristic, and a solid-liquid coexisting state is presented in a larger temperature interval in the solidification process, so that solid dendrites are built into a skeleton structure with lower strength, and after liquid is filled into the skeleton structure, the shrinkage-compensating channel is not smooth and partial solute is gathered, so that cracks, looseness and segregation defects, particularly white strip segregation, are easily generated at the position; the sensitivity of each defect influenced by casting cooling and feeding conditions and the structural characteristics of the casting is large, the quality of the internal structure after casting and forming is not easy to achieve effective control, particularly for the aluminum-copper alloy casting with large plane area, because the surface area of the casting mold is large, the requirement of the casting mold for simultaneously feeding the metal liquid is increased, the heat balance factors influencing the casting mold in the solidification process are all displayed convexly, the temperature field is seriously uneven, and the casting defects of segregation, looseness, cracks and the like in the casting are difficult to control, so that the casting cannot meet the requirement of the design technical index and is discarded; after horizontal type differential pressure casting is carried out on a large-plane casting product with a flange on site, white centripetal strip-shaped shrinkage crack segregation exists on the flange, large-area shrinkage cavities and loose defects exist at the top, and the defects easily appear at the intersection of the concave gluten and the top plane.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a horizontal molding vertical differential pressure pouring device and a pouring method for an aluminum alloy special-shaped structural part, and solves the technical problem that casting defects of segregation, looseness and cracks in a casting are difficult to control when a large-plane aluminum alloy special-shaped structural part is horizontally poured by adopting horizontal molding.
The invention solves the technical problems by the following technical scheme:
a vertical differential pressure casting device for horizontal molding of aluminum alloy special-shaped structural parts comprises an upper pressure cylinder of a differential pressure casting furnace and a lower pressure cylinder of the differential pressure casting furnace, wherein an upper cylinder sealing plate and a lower cylinder sealing plate are arranged between the upper pressure cylinder of the differential pressure casting furnace and the lower pressure cylinder of the differential pressure casting furnace, a crucible for melting aluminum is arranged in the lower pressure cylinder of the differential pressure casting furnace, molten metal is arranged in the crucible for melting aluminum, a horizontal pouring flask is arranged on the upper cylinder sealing plate and the lower cylinder sealing plate in the upper pressure cylinder of the differential pressure casting furnace, a molten metal ascending pipe is connected between the horizontal pouring flask and the molten metal, a sprue flask is arranged on the horizontal pouring flask, a vertically placed middle flask is arranged on the sprue flask, a cover flask is arranged on the vertically placed middle flask, the middle flask is composed of a front middle flask and a rear middle flask, and gap model placing holes are arranged on the vertically placed middle flask in the, the casting mold comprises a pouring sand box, a casting mold cavity, a chill, a molten metal riser, a cross gate and a sprue, wherein the casting mold cavity is arranged in the pouring sand box, the chill is arranged on the surface of the casting mold cavity, and the molten metal enters a gap gate in the pouring sand box sequentially through the molten metal riser, the cross gate in the cross gate sand box and the sprue in the sprue sand box.
The vertical type middle sand box in the differential pressure casting furnace is horizontally molded, in the horizontal type molding, the gap pouring gate model placing hole is in a horizontal state, a large-plane-area product model is arranged in the gap pouring gate model placing hole in the horizontal state, and the gap pouring gate model is connected to the large-plane-area product model.
A pouring method of a horizontal modeling vertical differential pressure pouring device for an aluminum alloy special-shaped structural part is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps that firstly, a horizontal-modeling vertical pouring medium sand box is manufactured, the whole casting mold is placed in the medium sand box, open spaces for placing gap runners are reserved on two side faces of the sand box, and the medium sand box is divided into a front medium sand box and a rear medium sand box;
secondly, the whole casting mold in the medium sand box is horizontally molded, firstly, the convex surface of the using mold is upwards placed, the gap pouring gate is placed on the convex surface, cold iron is placed between the gap pouring gates, sand is filled and compacted, after the sand is solidified, the front middle sand box is turned over, the cold iron and the gap pouring gates are placed on the plane on the concave side, then the other half of the sand box is placed, namely the back middle sand box, is placed on the front middle sand box, is positioned by a positioning pin, is filled with sand and compacted, after the sand is solidified, opening the sand boxes, taking out the model and the gap pouring gate, refitting the inner cavity of the casting mold, positioning the two sand boxes by using positioning pins, locking, erecting a middle sand box, placing the middle sand box on a sprue sand box, aligning the cylinder of the gap sprue with the sprue, placing the sprue sand box on a cross sprue sand box, closing the sand box, and locking the whole casting mold to complete the manufacturing of the whole casting mold;
and thirdly, putting the whole casting mold finished in the second step into a differential pressure casting furnace for casting molding.
The invention adopts a horizontal modeling vertical pouring process method, accords with the sequential solidification principle of counter-pressure casting and the gap runner feeding principle, and has no segregation, large-area shrinkage cavity, shrinkage porosity and scattered loose casting defects of a cast product; the selectable range of key process parameters is large, the whole temperature field is easy to reach balance and controllability, the sequential solidification trend is easy to reach, the whole casting mold is in an open state, the casting defect mechanisms of segregation, cracks and the like caused by the blockage of the casting mold in the solidification process can be not considered, and the operation difficulty is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the construction of the pouring apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the construction of a vertically arranged drag flask according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a horizontal molding drag flask of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a casting of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
a vertical differential pressure casting device for horizontal molding of aluminum alloy special-shaped structural parts comprises an upper pressure cylinder 1 of a differential pressure casting furnace and a lower pressure cylinder 2 of the differential pressure casting furnace, wherein an upper cylinder sealing plate and a lower cylinder sealing plate 3 are arranged between the upper pressure cylinder 1 of the differential pressure casting furnace and the lower pressure cylinder 2 of the differential pressure casting furnace, a crucible 4 for aluminum melting is arranged in the lower pressure cylinder 2 of the differential pressure casting furnace, molten metal 5 is arranged in the crucible 4 for aluminum melting, a cross-runner sand box 7 is arranged on the upper cylinder sealing plate and the lower cylinder sealing plate 3 in the upper pressure cylinder 1 of the differential pressure casting furnace, a molten metal riser pipe 6 is connected between the cross-runner sand box 7 and the molten metal 5, a sprue box 8 is arranged on the cross-runner sand box 7, a vertically placed center sand box is arranged on the sprue box 8, a cover sand box 12 is arranged on the vertically placed center sand box, the center sand box is composed of a front center sand box 13 and a rear center sand box 14, gap model placing holes, a casting cavity 10 is arranged in the middle sand box, a chilling block 11 is arranged on the surface of the casting cavity 10, and the molten metal 5 enters a gap pouring gate 9 in the middle sand box through a molten metal ascending pipe 6, a cross pouring gate in a cross pouring gate sand box 7 and a straight pouring gate in a straight pouring gate sand box 8 in sequence.
The vertical type flask in the differential pressure casting furnace is horizontally molded, in the horizontal molding, the gap pouring gate model placing hole 15 is in a horizontal state, the large-plane-area product model 17 is arranged in the horizontal gap pouring gate model placing hole 15, and the gap pouring gate model 16 is connected to the large-plane-area product model 17.
A pouring method of a horizontal modeling vertical differential pressure pouring device for an aluminum alloy special-shaped structural part is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, manufacturing a vertical pouring middle sand box with a horizontal model, wherein the whole casting mould is placed in the middle sand box, open spaces for placing gap runners are reserved on two side surfaces of the sand box, and the middle sand box is divided into a front middle sand box 13 and a rear middle sand box 14;
secondly, the whole casting mold in the medium sand box is horizontally molded, firstly, the convex surface of the using mold is upwards placed, the gap pouring gate is placed on the convex surface, and a chill is placed between the gap runners, sand is filled and compacted, after the sand is solidified, the front middle sand box 13 is turned over, the chill and the gap runners are arranged on the plane of one side of the inner concave, then the other half sand box is put, namely the back middle sand box 14, is placed on the front middle sand box 13, is positioned by a positioning pin, is filled with sand and compacted, and after the sand is solidified, opening the sand boxes, taking out the model and the gap pouring gate, refitting the inner cavity of the casting mold, positioning the two sand boxes by using positioning pins, locking, erecting a middle sand box, placing the middle sand box on a sprue sand box 8, aligning the cylinder of a gap sprue with the sprue, placing the sprue sand box 8 on a cross sprue sand box 7, closing a cover sand box 12, and locking the whole casting mold to finish the manufacturing of the whole casting mold;
and thirdly, putting the whole casting mold finished in the second step into a differential pressure casting furnace for casting molding.
The vertical differential pressure pouring mainly applies the working principle of combining differential pressure pouring sequential solidification and gap runner feeding, molten metal can uninterruptedly supplement a casting mold through the gap runner in the pouring process until the casting mold is completely solidified, and the molten metal is solidified under the action of differential pressure and the gravity of the molten metal, so that the internal structure of a formed structural part is compact, and the mechanical property is high; sequential solidification is one of the requirements which must be met by differential pressure casting molding, and when vertical casting is carried out, molten metal in a casting mold can be sequentially solidified from top to bottom, so that no overheating area is generated in the whole casting mold, and the casting defects of shrinkage porosity, shrinkage cavity, air hole, segregation and oxidation slag inclusion in the casting are avoided. The special structural member adopts the process method, the casting defects of cracks, segregation, dispersion porosity, coarse grains and the like caused by the fact that the shrinkage generated in the casting molding process is subjected to resistance due to structural factors of the structure cannot be influenced after the structural member is molded, and the requirements on casting molds are sensitive due to the reasons that the casting fluidity of the casting alloy materials such as magnesium rare earth, aluminum copper, aluminum base composite and the like is poor, the solidification temperature interval is large and the like, and the shrinkage of the casting process is blocked due to the factors of large area of a cold iron, the arrangement direction, the casting mold deformability, the arrangement interval and direction of a gap runner, the casting mold gas generation amount and the like, so that the cracks, the dispersion porosity and the segregation casting defects are generated.
The aluminum alloy differential pressure pouring solidification process is a centripetal shrinkage process, when a casting mold is horizontally placed and molten metal is solidified, the aluminum alloy differential pressure pouring solidification process is influenced by frictional resistance of a horizontal plane besides resistance between an integral casting mold and a gap pouring gate; when the casting mold is vertically placed, the frictional resistance acting on the plane can be offset by the self-gravity of the molten metal, the frictional force among the gap pouring channels is also changed into openness, the solidification process of the aluminum alloy liquid is greatly reduced, and the casting defect mechanism is caused in the forming process of the structural part due to the influence of the cold iron distributed on the surface of the casting mold and the frictional resistance of the surface of the casting mold on the surface of the casting mold.
Claims (3)
1. A vertical differential pressure casting device for horizontal molding of aluminum alloy special-shaped structural parts comprises an upper pressure cylinder (1) of a differential pressure casting furnace and a lower pressure cylinder (2) of the differential pressure casting furnace, wherein an upper cylinder sealing plate and a lower cylinder sealing plate (3) are arranged between the upper pressure cylinder (1) of the differential pressure casting furnace and the lower pressure cylinder (2) of the differential pressure casting furnace, a crucible (4) for melting aluminum is arranged in the lower pressure cylinder (2) of the differential pressure casting furnace, and molten metal (5) is arranged in the crucible (4) for melting aluminum, and the vertical differential pressure casting device is characterized in that a cross-pouring sand box (7) is arranged on the upper cylinder sealing plate and the lower cylinder sealing plate (3) in the upper pressure cylinder (1) of the differential pressure casting furnace, a molten metal riser (6) is connected between the cross-pouring sand box (7) and the molten metal (5), a sprue sand box (8) is arranged on the cross-pouring, the cover sand box (12) is arranged on the vertically placed middle sand box, the middle sand box is composed of a front middle sand box (13) and a rear middle sand box (14), gap pouring gate model placing holes (15) arranged in the vertical direction are formed in the vertically placed middle sand box, a casting cavity (10) is formed in the middle sand box, chilling blocks (11) are arranged on the surface of the casting cavity (10), and molten metal (5) sequentially passes through a molten metal riser (6), a horizontal pouring gate in the horizontal pouring gate sand box (7) and a straight pouring gate in the straight pouring gate sand box (8) to enter a gap pouring gate (9) in the middle sand box.
2. The horizontal type molding vertical differential pressure casting device for the aluminum alloy special-shaped structural member according to claim 1, wherein the tundish box vertically placed in the differential pressure casting furnace is horizontally molded, in the horizontal type molding, the gap pouring gate model placing hole (15) is in a horizontal state, the large-plane-area product model (17) is arranged in the horizontal gap pouring gate model placing hole (15), and the gap pouring gate model (16) is connected to the large-plane-area product model (17).
3. The pouring method of the horizontal type modeling vertical differential pressure pouring device for the aluminum alloy special-shaped structural part according to claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, a horizontal molding vertical pouring middle sand box is manufactured, the whole casting mold is placed in the middle sand box, open spaces for placing gap runners are reserved on two side faces of the sand box, and the middle sand box is divided into a front middle sand box (13) and a rear middle sand box (14);
secondly, horizontally molding the whole casting mold in a pouring box, firstly placing the convex surface of a used mold upwards, placing gap runners on the convex surface, placing a chill between the gap runners, filling and compacting the sand, turning over a front middle sand box (13) after the sand is solidified, placing the chill on the plane of the concave side and arranging the gap runners, then placing the other half of the sand box, namely a rear middle sand box (14), on the front middle sand box (13), positioning the sand box by using positioning pins, filling and compacting the sand, opening the sand box after the sand is solidified, taking out the mold and the gap runners, repairing the inner cavity of the casting mold, positioning the two sand boxes by using positioning pins, locking the middle sand box, erecting the middle sand box on a sprue box (8), aligning the cylinders of the gap runners with the sprue, placing the sprue box (8) on a cross runner (7), closing a cover (12), the whole casting mold is locked to complete the manufacturing of the whole casting mold;
and thirdly, putting the whole casting mold finished in the second step into a differential pressure casting furnace for casting molding.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910945657.8A CN110681846A (en) | 2019-09-30 | 2019-09-30 | Horizontal modeling vertical differential pressure pouring device and pouring method for aluminum alloy special-shaped structural part |
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| CN201910945657.8A CN110681846A (en) | 2019-09-30 | 2019-09-30 | Horizontal modeling vertical differential pressure pouring device and pouring method for aluminum alloy special-shaped structural part |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112427608A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-03-02 | 贵州航天风华精密设备有限公司 | Large magnesium alloy special-shaped structural part casting die and process |
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