CN110681549A - High-heat-conductivity super-hydrophobic flue gas condensation heat exchange surface and preparation method and device thereof - Google Patents
High-heat-conductivity super-hydrophobic flue gas condensation heat exchange surface and preparation method and device thereof Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
- B05B11/01—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use characterised by the means producing the flow
- B05B11/06—Gas or vapour producing the flow, e.g. from a compressible bulb or air pump
- B05B11/061—Gas or vapour producing the flow, e.g. from a compressible bulb or air pump characterised by the means producing the gas or vapour pressure
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/002—Pretreatement
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/02—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by baking
- B05D3/0254—After-treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D7/24—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
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- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D183/00—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D183/04—Polysiloxanes
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- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
- C09D7/61—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D2518/00—Other type of polymers
- B05D2518/10—Silicon-containing polymers
- B05D2518/12—Ceramic precursors (polysiloxanes, polysilazanes)
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
- C08K2003/2227—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals of aluminium
Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of a high-heat-conductivity super-hydrophobic flue gas condensation heat exchange surface, which comprises the steps of preparing a reduced graphene oxide solution by improving a Hummer method and hydrazine in a slurry preparation process, uniformly mixing the reduced graphene oxide solution with tetrahydrofuran, crushing kieselguhr into particles, adding the particles into the mixed solution, uniformly stirring, adding a certain amount of alumina powder, mixing in an ultrasonic environment, and finally adding polydimethylsiloxane to obtain required slurry; the surface cleaning process of the substrate comprises the following steps: polishing the surface of the substrate by using sand paper, cleaning by using ultrasonic waves, and finally drying; and (3) surface coating process: uniformly coating the slurry on the surface of a matrix in a certain mode; and (3) drying: drying the sample at a certain temperature to completely volatilize the organic solvent in the slurry, and finally obtaining the high-heat-conductivity super-hydrophobic flue gas condensation heat exchange surface; the super-hydrophobic property of the surface of the substrate is ensured, and the thermal conductivity of the coating is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of surface treatment technology and spraying equipment, in particular to a high-heat-conductivity super-hydrophobic flue gas condensation heat exchange surface and a preparation method and a device thereof.
Background
By adopting the flue gas condensation technology, the flue gas waste heat in the industrial combustion process can be effectively recovered, the flue gas emission temperature in the industrial combustion process is reduced, the energy utilization efficiency is improved, and the reheating energy consumption of the smoke plume for eliminating the white smoke is reduced. When the temperature of the condensed flue gas discharged in the industrial combustion process is lower than the dew point of water and the dew points of various acids, acid vapor in the flue gas can be condensed on a heat exchanger to generate SO4 2-、NO3 -And Cl-And the composite acid radical ion solution causes direct electrochemical corrosion on the surface of the condensing heat exchanger.
To resist the corrosion of the compound acid radical ions, austenite, ferrite or duplex stainless steel and nickel-based alloy containing high Cr, Ni and Mo alloy elements are needed, the materials contain precious metal elements, the price of the materials is expensive, and the material cost of the heat exchanger can be reduced by adopting a surface engineering technology; meanwhile, practice proves that the condensate can cause serious corrosion to the heat exchanger, the corrosion resistance of metal materials used by the heat exchanger is always insufficient, the heat transfer performance of the heat exchanger can be reduced, the heat exchanger can be cracked and failed possibly, economic loss is caused, and the corrosion resistance of the surface of the heat exchanger can be improved through a surface preparation technology; in addition, the surface of the metal material has higher free energy and good wettability, so that the acid vapor is mainly subjected to film-shaped condensation, and the heat transfer and mass transfer resistance of the heat exchanger is higher. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a highly efficient, convenient and economical hydrophobic surface with high conductivity to improve the problems of condensed water corrosion and high-efficiency heat and mass transfer faced by the flue gas condensing heat exchanger.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides the high-heat-conductivity super-hydrophobic flue gas condensation heat exchange surface and the preparation method and device thereof.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a high-heat-conductivity super-hydrophobic flue gas condensation heat exchange surface comprises the following steps:
a. crushing diatomite ore to below 2000 meshes;
b. adding the reduced graphene oxide solution into tetrahydrofuran to obtain uniform and stable turbid liquid; when preparing turbid liquid, correspondingly adding 10-25 g of tetrahydrofuran into every 100mg of reduced graphene oxide;
c. adding diatomite powder and alumina into the suspension, fully mixing, and adding polydimethylsiloxane to obtain slurry which is uniformly mixed and has proper viscosity; adding 1.5-3.5 g of diatomite powder and 0.5-2.5 g of alumina into every 100mg of reduced graphene oxide correspondingly, wherein the volume ratio of the added polydimethylsiloxane to the suspension is 10: 1;
step 3, slurry coating, namely coating the slurry on the surface of the cleaned substrate;
and 4, drying the substrate coated with the slurry to completely volatilize the organic solvent in the slurry, and finally forming a high-heat-conductivity super-hydrophobic coating on the surface of the substrate to obtain the high-heat-conductivity super-hydrophobic flue gas condensation heat exchange surface.
Preferably, in the step b, an improved Hummer method is adopted to prepare the graphene oxide, and the specific steps are as follows:
fully mixing sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid according to the proportion of (8-10) to 1, fully reacting the added potassium permanganate, and adding a graphite flake to obtain a mixture, wherein the proportion of the mixed acid to the potassium permanganate is (15-40) mL to 1g, and the mass ratio of the potassium permanganate to the graphite flake is (3-9) to 1; stirring at 40-60 deg.c for 12 hr to obtain mixed solution, and cooling to room temperature; then stirring the mixed solution in an ice-water bath, and simultaneously adding 30% by mass of hydrogen peroxide; the volume of hydrogen peroxide required by each 100mL of solution is 0.5-1.5 mL, the obtained mixed solution is centrifuged at 3000-5000 rpm for not less than 2 hours, and then the mixed solution is respectively washed by distilled water, hydrochloric acid and ethanol to obtain the graphene oxide.
Preferably, in the step b, hydrazine is used to reduce the graphene oxide, and the specific steps are as follows:
adding graphene oxide into hydrazine with the mass fraction of 78%, carrying out reduction reaction at the temperature of 75-85 ℃, stirring for not less than 12 hours to obtain reduced graphene oxide, and preparing the reduced graphene oxide into a solution with the concentration of 30-50 mg/mL.
Preferably, in the step 2, metallographic abrasive paper is used for polishing the surface of the substrate, ultrasonic waves are used for cleaning the substrate, and the surface of the substrate is cleaned after the substrate is dried; the ultrasonic cleaning of the surface of the substrate is divided into two steps, wherein firstly, the substrate is cleaned by distilled water, and secondly, the substrate is cleaned by ethanol as a solvent.
Preferably, in step 3, the slurry coating method is any one of spraying, electrostatic spinning or dip drawing.
Preferably, in the step 4, the drying temperature is 50-90 ℃ and the drying time is 5-20 minutes.
Preferably, the substrate is a heat exchanger surface for condensing the required flue gas.
The high-heat-conductivity super-hydrophobic flue gas condensation heat exchange surface prepared by the method.
Preferably, the static contact angle of the high-heat-conductivity super-hydrophobic flue gas condensation heat exchange surface can reach more than 150 degrees.
A high-heat-conductivity super-hydrophobic flue gas condensation heat exchange surface preparation device comprises a spray gun and an air compressor;
the spray gun comprises a gun body, a gun rod and a nozzle are sequentially connected to the middle of one end of the gun body, a hood is connected to the outer side of the nozzle, an air pressure adjusting knob is installed in the middle of the other end of the gun body, a spray amplitude adjusting knob is installed in the middle of the gun body, a feed pipe is installed in the middle of the upper end of the gun body, a flow adjusting knob is installed in the middle of the feed pipe, a material storage kettle is connected to the top end of the feed pipe, a trigger is installed in;
the air compressor comprises an air cylinder, a protective cover is arranged at the upper end of the air cylinder, and a motor and an air pump are arranged at the upper end of the air cylinder; the input end of the air cylinder is connected with the output end of the air pump, and the motor is connected with the air pump through a belt;
the air interface is connected with the output end of the air cylinder through an air guide hose.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the invention relates to a preparation method of a high-heat-conductivity super-hydrophobic flue gas condensation heat exchange surface, which comprises the steps of preparing a reduced graphene oxide solution by improving a Hummer method and hydrazine in a slurry preparation process, uniformly mixing the reduced graphene oxide solution with tetrahydrofuran, crushing kieselguhr into particles, adding the particles into the mixed solution, uniformly stirring, adding a certain amount of alumina powder, mixing in an ultrasonic environment, and finally adding polydimethylsiloxane to obtain required slurry; the surface cleaning process of the substrate comprises the following steps: polishing the surface of the substrate by using sand paper, cleaning by using ultrasonic waves, and finally drying; and (3) surface coating process: uniformly coating the slurry on the surface of a matrix in a certain mode; and (3) drying: drying the sample at a certain temperature to completely volatilize the organic solvent in the slurry, and finally obtaining the high-heat-conductivity super-hydrophobic flue gas condensation heat exchange surface; the method has no specific limitation on the shape, size and material of the matrix, and can prepare the super-hydrophobic surface with the performances of super-hydrophobicity, corrosion resistance, high heat conductivity and the like on the surfaces of the matrixes with different sizes and shapes; the super-hydrophobic property of the surface of the substrate is ensured, and the thermal conductivity of the coating is improved.
According to the super-hydrophobic flue gas condensation heat exchange surface, the contact time between the surface of the heat exchanger and the acid vapor condensate is reduced through super-hydrophobic treatment, and the corrosion resistance of the heat exchanger is improved. Meanwhile, due to the characteristic of a special low rolling angle of the super-hydrophobic surface, flue gas is converted into drop-shaped condensation with higher heat exchange efficiency through film-shaped condensation, the heat exchange area required by the heat exchanger is reduced, the size of the heat exchanger is reduced, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method described in the examples of the present invention.
Figure 2 is a schematic flow diagram of slurry coating and drying in a method according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the device according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is an optical diagram of the static contact angle of the superhydrophobic surface with water obtained in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is an optical diagram of the static contact angle of the superhydrophobic surface with water obtained in example 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is an optical diagram of the static contact angle of the superhydrophobic surface with water obtained in example 3 of the invention.
FIG. 7 is an optical diagram of the static contact angle of the superhydrophobic surface with water obtained in example 4 of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative, but not limiting, of the invention.
The invention discloses a preparation method of a high-heat-conductivity super-hydrophobic flue gas condensation heat exchange surface, which has a flow shown in figure 1 and comprises the following steps:
step 1.1, crushing diatomite ores into granules, and crushing the granules by adopting a ball mill; in the preferred embodiment, the particle size of the diatomite pulverized by the ball mill should be not less than 2000 meshes, i.e. not more than 6.5 μm;
step 1.2, preparing Graphene Oxide (GO) by adopting an improved Hummer method, and reducing the graphene oxide to obtain a reduced graphene oxide solution;
the method comprises the following specific steps of preparing graphene oxide by adopting an improved Hummer:
fully mixing sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid according to the proportion of (8-10) to 1, fully reacting the added potassium permanganate, and adding a graphite flake to obtain a mixture, wherein the proportion of the mixed acid to the potassium permanganate is (15-40) mL to 1g, and the mass ratio of the potassium permanganate to the graphite flake is (3-9) to 1; stirring at 40-60 deg.c for 12 hr to obtain mixed solution, and cooling to room temperature; then stirring the mixed solution in an ice-water bath, and simultaneously adding 30% by mass of hydrogen peroxide; the volume of hydrogen peroxide required by each 100mL of solution is 0.5-1.5 mL, the obtained mixed solution is centrifuged at 3000-5000 rpm for not less than 2 hours, and then the mixed solution is respectively washed by distilled water, hydrochloric acid and ethanol to obtain the graphene oxide.
The method comprises the following steps of reducing graphene oxide by hydrazine:
graphene oxide is added into hydrazine with the mass fraction of 78%, and 5mg of graphene can be reduced at most per microliter of hydrazine. Stirring for not less than 12 hours at the temperature required by the reduction reaction of 75-85 ℃ to obtain the reduced graphene oxide, and preparing the reduced graphene oxide into a solution with the concentration of 30-50 mg/mL.
Step 1.3, adding the reduced graphene oxide solution into a Tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution, and oscillating under ultrasonic to obtain uniform and stable suspension; in the preferred embodiment, the mass of tetrahydrofuran added per 100mg of reduced graphene oxide should be between 10g and 25 g.
Step 1.4, adding crushed diatomite and alumina into the suspension, fully mixing under an ultrasonic condition, and adding Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to obtain slurry which is uniformly mixed and has proper viscosity; in the preferred embodiment, the mass of the diatomite powder and the mass of the alumina added into each 100mg of the reduced graphene oxide are respectively 1.5-3.5 g and 0.5-2.5 g, the diatomite powder and the alumina are uniformly mixed by adopting an ultrasonic oscillation mode, the time of the ultrasonic oscillation is not less than 20 minutes, and the volume ratio of the polydimethylsiloxane added into the suspension to the suspension is 10: 1.
Step 3, slurry coating, namely coating the slurry on the surface of the cleaned substrate; in the preferred embodiment, the slurry coating can be applied in a variety of ways including, but not limited to, spraying, electrospinning or dip-coating, as shown in FIG. 2.
And 4, putting the substrate coated with the slurry into a drying box, drying to completely volatilize the organic solvent in the slurry, and finally forming a high-thermal-conductivity super-hydrophobic coating on the surface of the substrate to obtain the high-thermal-conductivity super-hydrophobic surface. In the preferred embodiment, the drying temperature is 50 ℃ to 90 ℃ and the drying time is 5 minutes to 20 minutes.
The static contact angle of the high-heat-conductivity super-hydrophobic flue gas condensation heat exchange surface constructed by the method can reach more than 150 degrees, and the high-heat-conductivity super-hydrophobic flue gas condensation heat exchange surface can keep good super-hydrophobic and corrosion-resistant capabilities under the condition of high heat conductivity, and can be used for a boiler flue gas condensation heat exchanger.
The high-heat-conductivity super-hydrophobic flue gas condensation heat exchange surface is prepared by the method.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a method for preparing a high-heat-conductivity super-hydrophobic flue gas condensation heat exchange surface by taking pure aluminum as a matrix, which specifically comprises the following steps:
a) crushing diatomite ore into particles, and crushing the particles by using a ball mill to ensure that the granularity of diatomite is not more than 2000 meshes and less than 6.5 mu m;
b) preparing graphene oxide by adopting an improved Hummer method, and reducing the graphene oxide by using hydrazine to obtain a reduced graphene oxide solution. Fully mixing 320mL of sulfuric acid with 40mL of phosphoric acid, then adding 9g of potassium permanganate, fully reacting, and adding 3g of graphite flake so as to fully oxidize graphite; the mixture was stirred well at 40 ℃ for 14 hours, after which the solution was cooled to room temperature; stirring the solution in an ice water bath, and simultaneously adding 1.6mL of hydrogen peroxide with the mass fraction of 30%; after mixing uniformly, the solution was centrifuged at 3000rpm for 3 hours, and then washed with distilled water, hydrochloric acid and ethanol, respectively, to obtain graphene oxide. Adding 100mg of graphene oxide into 20 mu L of hydrazine with the mass fraction of 78%, stirring for 14 hours at 75 ℃ to obtain reduced graphene oxide, and preparing the prepared reduced graphene oxide into a solution of 30mg/mL in order to avoid agglomeration of the reduced graphene oxide;
c) adding 1mL of reduced graphene oxide solution obtained in the step b) into 3g of tetrahydrofuran solution, and oscillating under ultrasonic waves so as to obtain uniform and stable turbid liquid;
d) adding 0.5g of crushed diatomite and 0.2g of alumina into the suspension, fully mixing under the ultrasonic condition, and finally adding 44mL of polydimethylsiloxane to obtain slurry which is uniformly mixed and has proper viscosity;
g) polishing the surface of the pure aluminum by adopting metallographic abrasive paper, cleaning the pure aluminum by adopting ultrasonic waves, and drying the pure aluminum in a nitrogen environment;
h) uniformly spraying the slurry on the surface of the pure aluminum by a manual spray gun by adopting a preparation device;
i) and (5) putting the pure aluminum obtained in the step h) into a drying box, and drying at the drying temperature of 50 ℃ for 20 minutes, wherein as shown in figure 4, the static contact angle of the final sample is 150 degrees, and the thermal conductivity of the coating is 0.93W/(m.K).
The preparation device is shown in fig. 3, and the preparation device for the high-heat-conductivity super-hydrophobic flue gas condensation heat exchange surface comprises a spray gun 1 and an air compressor 2; the spray gun 1 comprises a gun body 11, a gun rod 12 and a spray nozzle 13 are sequentially connected to the middle of one end of the gun body 11, a hood 14 is connected to the outer side of the spray nozzle 13, an air pressure adjusting knob 15 is installed in the middle of the other end of the gun body 11, a spray amplitude adjusting knob 16 is installed in the middle of the gun body 11, a feed pipe 17 is installed in the middle of the upper end of the gun body 11, a flow adjusting knob 18 is installed in the middle of the feed pipe 17, a material storage pot 19 is connected to the top end of the feed pipe 17, a trigger 111 is installed; the air compressor 2 comprises an air cylinder 21, the upper end of the air cylinder 21 is provided with a protective cover 22, and the upper end of the air cylinder 21 is provided with a motor 23 and an air pump 24; the input end of the air cylinder 21 is connected with the output end of the air pump 24, and the motor 23 is connected with the air pump 24 through a belt 25;
the air interface 112 and the output end of the air cylinder 21 are connected with each other through an air guide hose 3.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a method for preparing a high-heat-conductivity super-hydrophobic flue gas condensation heat exchange surface by using cast aluminum silicon as a matrix, which specifically comprises the following steps:
a) crushing diatomite ore into particles, and crushing the particles by adopting a ball mill to ensure that the granularity of diatomite is not more than 3000 meshes and the particle size is less than 4.5 mu m;
b) preparing graphene oxide by adopting an improved Hummer method, and reducing the graphene oxide by using hydrazine to obtain a reduced graphene oxide solution. Fully mixing 400mL of sulfuric acid with 40mL of phosphoric acid, then adding 27g of potassium permanganate, fully reacting, and adding 3g of graphite flake so as to fully oxidize graphite; the mixture was stirred well at 60 ℃ for 12 hours, after which the solution was cooled to room temperature; stirring the solution in an ice water bath, and simultaneously adding 6.6mL of hydrogen peroxide with the mass fraction of 30%; after mixing uniformly, the solution was centrifuged at 5000rpm for 5 hours, and then washed with distilled water, hydrochloric acid and ethanol, respectively, to obtain graphene oxide. Adding 100mg of graphene oxide into 40 mu L of hydrazine with the mass fraction of 78%, stirring at 85 ℃ for 13 hours to obtain reduced graphene oxide, and preparing the prepared reduced graphene oxide into a solution of 50mg/mL in order to avoid agglomeration of the reduced graphene oxide;
c) adding 1mL of reduced graphene oxide solution obtained in the step b) into 12.5g of tetrahydrofuran solution, and oscillating under ultrasound so as to obtain uniform and stable suspension;
d) adding 1.75g of crushed diatomite and 1.25g of alumina into the suspension, fully mixing under the ultrasonic condition, and finally adding polydimethylsiloxane with the volume being 10 times that of the suspension to obtain slurry with uniform mixing and proper viscosity;
g) polishing the surface of the cast aluminum silicon by adopting metallographic abrasive paper, cleaning the cast aluminum silicon by adopting ultrasonic waves, and drying the cast aluminum silicon in a nitrogen environment;
h) the slurry was uniformly sprayed on the surface of the cast aluminum silicon by a manual spray gun using the preparation apparatus described in example 1;
i) and (5) placing the cast aluminum silicon obtained in the step h) into a drying box, and drying at the drying temperature of 90 ℃ for 5 minutes, wherein the static contact angle of the final sample is 154 degrees, and the thermal conductivity of the coating is 1.26W/(m.K) as shown in figure 5.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a method for preparing a super-hydrophobic surface by using 2205 duplex stainless steel as a matrix, which specifically comprises the following steps:
a) crushing diatomite ore into particles, and crushing the particles by using a ball mill, wherein the granularity of diatomite is 4000 meshes, and the particle size is 3.4 mu m;
b) preparing graphene oxide by adopting an improved Hummer method, and reducing the graphene oxide by using hydrazine to obtain a reduced graphene oxide solution. Fully mixing 360mL of sulfuric acid with 40mL of phosphoric acid, then adding 18g of potassium permanganate, fully reacting, and adding 3g of graphite flake so as to fully oxidize graphite; the mixture was stirred well at 50 ℃ for 13 hours, after which the solution was cooled to room temperature; stirring the solution in an ice water bath, and simultaneously adding 4mL of hydrogen peroxide with the mass fraction of 30%; after mixing uniformly, the solution was centrifuged at 4000rpm for 2 hours, and then washed with distilled water, hydrochloric acid and ethanol, respectively, to obtain graphene oxide. Taking 100mg of graphene oxide and 30 mu L of hydrazine with the mass fraction of 78%, adding the graphene oxide into the hydrazine, stirring for 14 hours at 80 ℃ to obtain reduced graphene oxide, and in order to avoid agglomeration of the reduced graphene oxide, preparing the prepared reduced graphene oxide into a solution of 40 mg/mL;
c) adding 1mL of reduced graphene oxide solution obtained in the step b) into 4g of tetrahydrofuran solution, and oscillating under ultrasonic waves so as to obtain uniform and stable turbid liquid;
d) adding 1g of crushed diatomite and 0.6g of alumina into the suspension, fully mixing under an ultrasonic condition, and finally adding polydimethylsiloxane with the volume being 10 times that of the suspension to obtain slurry with uniform mixing and proper viscosity;
g) grinding the surface of 2205 duplex stainless steel by adopting metallographic abrasive paper, cleaning the 2205 duplex stainless steel by adopting ultrasonic waves, and drying the 2205 duplex stainless steel in a nitrogen environment;
h) uniformly spraying the slurry on the surface of 2205 duplex stainless steel by using a manual spray gun by using the preparation device in example 1;
i) and (5) putting the 2205 duplex stainless steel obtained in the step h) into a drying box, and drying at the temperature of 70 ℃ for 10 minutes, wherein as shown in fig. 6, the static contact angle of the final sample is 158 degrees, and the thermal conductivity of the coating is 1.14W/(m.K).
Example 4
The embodiment provides a method for preparing a super-hydrophobic surface by using 2205 duplex stainless steel as a matrix, which specifically comprises the following steps:
a) crushing diatomite ore into particles, and crushing the particles by using a ball mill, wherein the particle size of diatomite is 5000 meshes and the particle size is 2.7 mu m;
b) preparing graphene oxide by adopting an improved Hummer method, and reducing the graphene oxide by using hydrazine to obtain a reduced graphene oxide solution. Fully mixing 320mL of sulfuric acid with 40mL of phosphoric acid, then adding 24g of potassium permanganate, fully reacting, and adding 6g of graphite flake so as to fully oxidize graphite; the mixture was stirred well at 60 ℃ for 12 hours, after which the solution was cooled to room temperature; stirring the solution in an ice water bath, and simultaneously adding 1.8mL of hydrogen peroxide with the mass fraction of 30%; after mixing uniformly, the solution was centrifuged at 4500rpm for 3 hours, and then washed with distilled water, hydrochloric acid, and ethanol, respectively, to obtain graphene oxide. Taking 100mg of graphene oxide and 50 mu L of hydrazine with the mass fraction of 78%, adding the graphene oxide into the hydrazine, stirring for 12 hours at 75 ℃ to obtain reduced graphene oxide, and in order to avoid agglomeration of the reduced graphene oxide, preparing the prepared reduced graphene oxide into a solution of 30 mg/mL;
c) adding 1mL of reduced graphene oxide solution obtained in the step b) into 4.5g of tetrahydrofuran solution, and oscillating under ultrasonic waves so as to obtain uniform and stable turbid liquid;
d) adding 0.45g of crushed diatomite and 0.15g of alumina into the suspension, fully mixing under the ultrasonic condition, and finally adding polydimethylsiloxane with the volume being 10 times that of the suspension to obtain slurry with uniform mixing and proper viscosity;
g) grinding the surface of 2205 duplex stainless steel by adopting metallographic abrasive paper, cleaning the 2205 duplex stainless steel by adopting ultrasonic waves, and drying the 2205 duplex stainless steel in a nitrogen environment;
h) uniformly spraying the slurry on the surface of 2205 duplex stainless steel by using a manual spray gun by using the preparation device in example 1;
i) and (5) putting the 2205 duplex stainless steel obtained in the step h) into a drying box, and drying at the temperature of 50 ℃ for 20 minutes, wherein as shown in fig. 7, the static contact angle of the final sample is 155 degrees, and the thermal conductivity of the coating is 1.04W/(m.K).
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a high-heat-conductivity super-hydrophobic flue gas condensation heat exchange surface is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, preparing slurry;
a. crushing diatomite ore to below 2000 meshes;
b. adding the reduced graphene oxide solution into tetrahydrofuran to obtain uniform and stable turbid liquid; when preparing turbid liquid, correspondingly adding 10-25 g of tetrahydrofuran into every 100mg of reduced graphene oxide;
c. adding diatomite powder and alumina into the suspension, fully mixing, and adding polydimethylsiloxane to obtain slurry which is uniformly mixed and has proper viscosity; adding 1.5-3.5 g of diatomite powder and 0.5-2.5 g of alumina into every 100mg of reduced graphene oxide correspondingly, wherein the volume ratio of the added polydimethylsiloxane to the suspension is 10: 1;
step 2, cleaning the surface of the substrate;
step 3, slurry coating, namely coating the slurry on the surface of the cleaned substrate;
and 4, drying the substrate coated with the slurry to completely volatilize the organic solvent in the slurry, and finally forming a high-heat-conductivity super-hydrophobic coating on the surface of the substrate to obtain the high-heat-conductivity super-hydrophobic flue gas condensation heat exchange surface.
2. The method for preparing the high-heat-conductivity super-hydrophobic flue gas condensation heat exchange surface according to claim 1, wherein in the step b, an improved Hummer method is adopted to prepare graphene oxide, and the specific steps are as follows:
fully mixing sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid according to the proportion of (8-10) to 1, fully reacting the added potassium permanganate, and adding a graphite flake to obtain a mixture, wherein the proportion of the mixed acid to the potassium permanganate is (15-40)
1g of potassium permanganate, wherein the mass ratio of potassium permanganate to graphite flakes is (3-9) to 1; stirring at 40-60 deg.c for 12 hr to obtain mixed solution, and cooling to room temperature; then stirring the mixed solution in an ice-water bath, and simultaneously adding 30% by mass of hydrogen peroxide; the volume of hydrogen peroxide required by each 100mL of solution is 0.5-1.5 mL, the obtained mixed solution is centrifuged at 3000-5000 rpm for not less than 2 hours, and then the mixed solution is respectively washed by distilled water, hydrochloric acid and ethanol to obtain the graphene oxide.
3. The method for preparing the high-heat-conductivity super-hydrophobic flue gas condensation heat exchange surface according to claim 1, wherein in the step b, hydrazine is used for reducing graphene oxide, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
adding graphene oxide into hydrazine with the mass fraction of 78%, carrying out reduction reaction at the temperature of 75-85 ℃, stirring for not less than 12 hours to obtain reduced graphene oxide, and preparing the reduced graphene oxide into a solution with the concentration of 30-50 mg/mL.
4. The method for preparing the high-heat-conductivity super-hydrophobic flue gas condensation heat exchange surface according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, metallographic abrasive paper is used for polishing the surface of the substrate, ultrasonic waves are used for cleaning the substrate, and the cleaning of the surface of the substrate is completed after the substrate is dried; the ultrasonic cleaning of the surface of the substrate is divided into two steps, wherein firstly, the substrate is cleaned by distilled water, and secondly, the substrate is cleaned by ethanol as a solvent.
5. The method for preparing the high-heat-conductivity super-hydrophobic flue gas condensation heat exchange surface according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3, the slurry coating mode adopts any one of spraying, electrostatic spinning or soaking and pulling.
6. The method for preparing the high-heat-conductivity super-hydrophobic flue gas condensation heat exchange surface according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4, the drying temperature is 50-90 ℃ and the drying time is 5-20 minutes.
7. The method for preparing the high-heat-conductivity super-hydrophobic flue gas condensation heat exchange surface as claimed in claim 1, wherein the substrate is a heat exchanger surface requiring flue gas condensation.
8. A high thermal conductivity super-hydrophobic flue gas condensation heat exchange surface prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. The highly heat-conductive superhydrophobic flue gas condensation heat exchange surface of claim 8, wherein a static contact angle of the highly heat-conductive superhydrophobic flue gas condensation heat exchange surface can reach more than 150 °.
10. A high-heat-conductivity super-hydrophobic flue gas condensation heat exchange surface preparation device is characterized by comprising a spray gun (1) and an air compressor (2);
the spray gun (1) comprises a gun body (11), a gun rod (12) and a spray nozzle (13) are sequentially connected to the middle of one end of the gun body (11), a blast cap (14) is connected to the outer side of the spray nozzle (13), an air pressure adjusting knob (15) is installed in the middle of the other end of the gun body, a spray amplitude adjusting knob (16) is installed in the middle of the gun body (11), a feed pipe (17) is installed in the middle of the upper end of the gun body (11), a flow adjusting knob (18) is installed in the middle of the feed pipe (17), a material storage pot (19) is connected to the top end of the feed pipe (17), a trigger (111) is installed in the middle of;
the air compressor (2) comprises an air cylinder (21), a protective cover (22) is installed at the upper end of the air cylinder (21), and a motor (23) and an air pump (24) are installed at the upper end of the air cylinder (21); the input end of the air cylinder (21) is connected with the output end of the air pump (24), and the motor (23) is connected with the air pump (24) through a belt (25);
the air interface (112) is connected with the output end of the air cylinder (21) through an air guide hose (3).
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