CN110676918B - Battery switch circuit, power supply management system and method - Google Patents
Battery switch circuit, power supply management system and method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110676918B CN110676918B CN201911088449.7A CN201911088449A CN110676918B CN 110676918 B CN110676918 B CN 110676918B CN 201911088449 A CN201911088449 A CN 201911088449A CN 110676918 B CN110676918 B CN 110676918B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- battery
- resistor
- relay
- circuit
- mos tube
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- HEZMWWAKWCSUCB-PHDIDXHHSA-N (3R,4R)-3,4-dihydroxycyclohexa-1,5-diene-1-carboxylic acid Chemical compound O[C@@H]1C=CC(C(O)=O)=C[C@H]1O HEZMWWAKWCSUCB-PHDIDXHHSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 21
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 108010001267 Protein Subunits Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/0031—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using battery or load disconnect circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0068—Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a battery switch circuit, a power supply management system and a method. The battery switch circuit includes: the normally open switch of the relay is connected in series in the battery charging and/or discharging passage; at least one MOS tube connected in parallel with the normally open switch of the relay respectively, and the source electrode and the drain electrode of the MOS tube are connected with the two ends of the normally open switch respectively; a delay unit and a control signal input terminal for introducing an external control signal; the control signal input terminal is respectively connected with the coil power-on control end of the relay and the input end of the delay unit, and the output end of the delay unit is connected with the grid electrode of the MOS tube. Compared with the traditional contactor or breaker, the switch circuit has small volume and low cost; when the circuit is cut off through the time delay unit, the MOSFET is continuously conducted before the relay acts, and the MOS tube is disconnected after the relay is completely disconnected, so that the stress of the disconnection of the relay can be reduced, the disconnection arcing is eliminated, and the contact heating damage of the relay is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of power electronics, and in particular, to a battery switching circuit, a power supply management system and a method.
Background
In an industrial system, an AC/DC conversion unit is generally disposed in a power supply system of a communication device, and converts commercial power into a direct-current voltage and outputs the direct-current voltage to a load and a backup battery. Under the condition that the mains supply is normal, the direct current voltage output by the AC/DC conversion unit supplies power to the load and simultaneously charges the battery, and when the mains supply is powered off, the standby battery supplies power to the communication equipment. The capacity of the battery is limited, the power supply time of the battery is limited, and if the commercial power is cut off for a long time (namely, the power cut-off time exceeds the battery standby time), the battery is connected with the load for a long time, and the problem of overdischarge of the battery can occur, so that the battery and the load need to be disconnected when the battery voltage reaches a preset threshold value in the discharging process of the battery in the prior art, and the battery is prevented from being damaged due to overdischarge.
A method commonly used in the industry is to disconnect the load from the output path of the AC/DC conversion unit by using a DC contactor, so as to disconnect the battery from the load, and the specific system structure is shown in fig. 1. However, the direct current contactor used in the technical scheme is large in size and high in cost, so that the occupied space is large, miniaturization is not facilitated, and the low-cost operation requirement of enterprises is also not facilitated. According to the technical scheme, after mains supply is powered on, as the output channel of the load and the AC/DC conversion unit is disconnected, the electric signal output by the AC/DC conversion unit firstly charges the battery and ensures that the battery is charged with certain energy and then is connected to the load, if the condition that the direct-current contactor is controlled to be connected to the load when the battery voltage is close to the floating charge voltage is specified, in the working mode, when the prior mains supply has excessive power failure and the battery is discharged, the battery firstly enters a current-limiting charging stage after the mains supply is powered on, the charging current at the stage is short, the charging current can enter the floating charge stage only after a long time, namely, the battery voltage can be close to the floating charge voltage only after a long time, the loads such as communication equipment and the like can be connected to power supply only after a long time, so that the use is inconvenient, and the user experience is bad.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at least solving the technical problems existing in the prior art, and particularly creatively provides a battery switch circuit, a power supply management system and a power supply management method.
In order to achieve the above object of the present invention, according to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a battery switch circuit comprising:
The normally open switch of the relay is connected in series in a battery charging and/or discharging passage;
At least one MOS tube connected in parallel with the normally open switch of the relay respectively, wherein the source electrode and the drain electrode of the MOS tube are connected with the two ends of the normally open switch respectively;
A delay unit and a control signal input terminal for introducing an external control signal;
The control signal input terminal is respectively connected with the coil power-on control end of the relay and the input end of the delay unit, and the output end of the delay unit is connected with the grid electrode of the MOS tube.
The beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: the switching circuit controls the on or off of a battery charging and/or discharging loop through the combination of the relay and the MOS tube, and compared with the traditional contactor and the traditional breaker, the switching circuit has small structure size and low cost; particularly, when the loop is cut off through the delay unit, the MOSFET is continuously conducted before the relay acts, and the MOS tube is disconnected after the relay is completely disconnected, so that the stress of the disconnection of the relay can be reduced, the disconnection arcing is eliminated, and the contact heating damage of the relay is avoided.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the body diode of the MOS transistor is turned on in the same direction as the current flowing through the battery charging path.
The beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: the conducting direction of the body diode of the MOS tube is consistent with the charging current direction of the battery, and even if the switching circuit relay is disconnected with the MOS tube, the body diode is conducted in the charging loop, so that the charging loop does not have a disconnection function, the arcing when the switching circuit is closed can be prevented, and the contacts of the relay are further protected.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the relay coil power-on circuit further includes a relay coil power-on circuit including a third diode, a first triode, a fifteenth resistor, a seventh capacitor, and a fourteenth resistor;
The first end of the fourteenth resistor is connected with the control signal input terminal, the second end of the fourteenth resistor is respectively connected with the first end of the seventh capacitor, the first end of the fifteenth resistor and the base electrode of the first triode, and the second end of the seventh capacitor, the second end of the fifteenth resistor and the emitter electrode of the first triode are connected with the ground;
the collector of the first triode is respectively connected with the anode of the third diode and the first end of the relay coil, and the cathode of the third diode and the second end of the relay coil are both connected with the first power supply end;
the first end of the fourteenth resistor is used as a coil power-on control end of the relay.
The beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: the relay coil is switched on when the first end of the fourteenth resistor inputs high level, and is switched off and not electrified when the first end of the fourteenth resistor inputs low level, so that the control principle is simple, and the energy release loop of the coil is formed through the third diode, and the control reliability is improved.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the delay unit includes an eighth resistor, a clamping circuit connected in series with the eighth resistor, an isolation circuit, and a delay circuit connected in series with the isolation circuit, where a series path formed by the isolation circuit and the delay circuit is connected in parallel to two ends of the clamping circuit.
The beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: the signal isolation is realized through the isolation circuit, the influence of the subsequent-stage circuit on the relay coil circuit is avoided, the stability is improved, and the delay unit realizes a delay function through hardware and has better reliability compared with software delay.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the clamping circuit includes a ninth resistor and a fourth voltage stabilizing tube connected in parallel, the isolation circuit includes a tenth resistor and an optocoupler isolation device, and the delay circuit includes a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor, a sixth resistor, a second voltage stabilizing diode, a third triode, a fifth capacitor and a sixth capacitor;
The first end of the ninth resistor and the cathode of the fourth voltage stabilizing tube are connected with the first end of the eighth resistor, the second end of the eighth resistor is connected with the second positive power supply end, and the second end of the ninth resistor and the anode of the fourth voltage stabilizing tube are connected with the second negative power supply end;
The first end of the tenth resistor is connected with the control signal input terminal, the second end of the tenth resistor is connected with the first end of the optical coupler isolation device, the second end of the optical coupler isolation device is connected with the ground, the fourth end of the optical coupler isolation device is respectively connected with the first end of the eighth resistor, and the third end of the optical coupler isolation device is respectively connected with the first end of the fourth resistor and the first end of the sixth resistor;
the second end of the fourth resistor is respectively connected with the first end of the fifth resistor, the first end of the fifth capacitor and the cathode of the second zener diode, the anode of the second zener diode is connected with the base electrode of the third triode, the collector electrode of the third triode is respectively connected with the second end of the sixth resistor and the first end of the sixth capacitor, and the second end of the sixth capacitor, the emitter electrode of the third triode, the second end of the fifth capacitor and the second end of the fifth resistor are all connected with the second negative power supply end;
The first end of the sixth capacitor is also connected with the grid electrode of the MOS tube.
The beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: a detailed circuit structure of a delay unit is disclosed, which can realize a delay function with stable reliability as a result.
In order to achieve the above object of the present invention, according to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a power supply management system including an AC/DC conversion unit, a battery, and at least one load;
The input end of the AC/DC conversion unit is connected with the mains supply, the output passage of the AC/DC conversion unit is a main passage, the charge and discharge end of the battery is connected to the main passage through a battery branch, and the power supply end of the load is connected to the main passage through a load branch;
The battery switch circuit is arranged in the battery branch, when the relay and the MOS tube of the battery switch circuit are conducted, the battery branch is conducted, the charge and discharge end of the battery is respectively connected with the output end of the AC/DC conversion unit and the power supply end of the load through the battery branch, the main passage and the load branch, and when the relay and the MOS tube of the battery switch circuit are disconnected, the battery branch is disconnected, and the charge and discharge end of the battery is not connected with the output end of the AC/DC conversion unit and the power supply end of the load.
The beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: besides the beneficial effects of the battery switch circuit, particularly, the switch circuit is arranged in the connecting passage between the charging and discharging end of the battery and the output end of the AC/DC conversion unit, the power supply end of the load is always connected with the output end of the AC/DC conversion unit, when the commercial power is powered on again after power failure, the load can be preferentially supplied with power, the battery can be charged after the switch circuit is closed, and thus, the power supply to the load can be timely ensured when the commercial power is powered on, and the user experience is improved.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method further comprises connecting an overcurrent protection element in series with all or part of the battery branch, the main path and the load branch;
and/or further comprises an alternating current filter connected in series with the input end of the AC/DC conversion unit and the mains supply connection path;
and/or further comprises a control module, wherein the output end of the control module is connected with the control signal input terminal.
The beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: the battery can be protected through the overcurrent protection element, so that the battery is prevented from being damaged by excessive current; the adverse effect of harmonic waves generated by the AC/DC conversion unit and the rear-stage DC load on the AC transmission system can be filtered through the AC filter, and reactive power of the AC/DC conversion unit and the rear-stage DC load is compensated.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the AC/DC conversion unit includes a rectifying sub-unit, a DCDC conversion sub-unit, and a charging management sub-unit;
The input end of the rectifying subunit is connected with the mains supply, the output end of the rectifying subunit is connected with the input end of the DCDC conversion subunit, the output end of the DCDC conversion subunit is connected with the input end of the charging management subunit, and the output end of the charging management subunit is respectively connected with the power supply end of the load and the charging and discharging end of the battery.
The beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: a hardware structure of an AC/DC conversion unit is disclosed, which is capable of effectively performing AC-to-DC conversion and of effectively managing charge and discharge of a battery.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the battery voltage detection unit further comprises a battery voltage detection unit, wherein an output end of the battery voltage detection unit is connected with a battery voltage input end of the control module;
The system further comprises a mains supply detection unit, wherein the output end of the mains supply voltage detection unit is connected with the mains supply detection input end of the control module.
The beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: and the battery voltage and the state of the commercial power are monitored, so that the post-processing and the control are convenient.
In order to achieve the above object of the present invention, according to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for power management using the power management system of the present invention, wherein a control module determines a current utility power state according to an output signal of a utility power detection unit and performs corresponding processing steps, and the method specifically includes:
If the output signal of the mains supply detection unit is continuously high level, the mains supply is considered to be stably supplied, and the step A is executed;
If the output signal of the mains supply detection unit has a falling edge, the mains supply is considered to be powered off, and the step B is executed;
If the output signal of the mains supply detection unit has a rising edge, the mains supply is considered to be electrified, and after a time delay T, the step A is executed; t is greater than 0;
The step A is as follows: the control module outputs a first control signal to control the relay and the MOS tube of the battery switch circuit to be conducted, so that the output end of the AC/DC conversion unit is respectively communicated with the charge and discharge end of the battery and the power supply end of the load, and the AC/DC conversion unit supplies power to the load and charges the battery;
The step B is as follows: the control module continuously outputs a first control signal to control the relay of the battery switch circuit to be conducted with the MOS tube, and the battery supplies power to the load; the control module acquires battery voltage through the battery voltage detection unit, when the battery voltage drops to a low-voltage threshold value, the control module outputs a second control signal to control the relay and the MOS tube of the battery switching circuit to be disconnected, and the charging and discharging ends of the battery are disconnected with the output end of the AC/DC conversion unit and the power supply end of the load respectively.
The beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: according to the method, after the commercial power is cut off, when the battery is discharged to a low-voltage threshold value, a battery switch circuit can be cut off in time, so that the battery is protected, and over-discharge is avoided; when the mains supply is powered on again after being powered off, the method charges the battery into the output loop of the AC/DC conversion unit after the time delay T, so that the reverse diode of the MOS tube is not conducted for a long time, and the reliability of the system is greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a battery switch circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a delay cell in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of a power management system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic electrical circuit diagram of a power management system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a control block diagram of a power management system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is a hardware configuration diagram of a control module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal," "transverse," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate describing the present invention and simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified and defined, it should be noted that the terms "mounted," "connected," and "coupled" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, mechanical or electrical, or may be in communication with each other between two elements, directly or indirectly through intermediaries, as would be understood by those skilled in the art, in view of the specific meaning of the terms described above.
The present invention discloses a battery switch circuit, in a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the battery switch circuit comprises:
The normally open switch of the relay is connected in series in the battery charging and/or discharging passage;
at least one MOS tube connected in parallel with the normally open switch of the relay respectively, and the source electrode and the drain electrode of the MOS tube are connected with the two ends of the normally open switch respectively;
A delay unit and a control signal input terminal for introducing an external control signal;
The control signal input terminal is respectively connected with the coil power-on control end of the relay and the input end of the delay unit, and the output end of the delay unit is connected with the grid electrode of the MOS tube.
In this embodiment, the normally open switch of the relay may be connected in series in the battery charging path or in series in the battery discharging path, and since the charging and discharging paths of the battery are generally common, the normally open switch of the relay may also be connected in series in the charging and discharging paths of the battery.
In this embodiment, the MOS transistor may be an N-channel power MOS transistor or a P-channel power MOS transistor.
In this embodiment, the delay unit is configured to delay the external control signal introduced by the control signal input terminal for a certain time and then output the external control signal to the gate of the MOS transistor, to control the on and off of the MOS transistor, and particularly, when the battery needs to be cut off for discharging, the external control signal causes the relay to be disconnected first, and after the external control signal is delayed by the delay unit for a certain time, the MOS transistor is turned off. The delay unit is preferably but not limited to a delay output circuit structure disclosed in the chinese patent with publication No. CN102497215B in the prior art, or a delay output unit structure and principle disclosed in the chinese patent with publication No. CN104836102B in the prior art, and will not be described herein.
In the present embodiment, the external control signal introduced from the control signal input terminal is preferably a high-low level signal.
In the embodiment, when a plurality of MOS tubes are connected in parallel, the direct current impedance can be reduced, and the overcurrent capacity can be increased.
In a preferred embodiment, the body diode conduction direction of the MOS transistor is the same as the current direction of the battery charging path.
In this embodiment, the body diode of the MOS transistor is the MOS transistor itself with a parasitic diode, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 4, which is used to prevent the MOS transistor from being burned out under the condition of overvoltage at the two ends of the source and the drain of the MOS transistor, because the diode breaks down reversely before the overvoltage damages the MOS transistor, and the large current is directly connected to the ground, so as to avoid the MOS transistor from being burned out; the MOS tube can be prevented from being burnt out when the source electrode and the drain electrode of the tube are reversely connected, and a passage can be provided for reverse induced voltage when the circuit has the reverse induced voltage, so that the reverse induced voltage is prevented from breaking down the MOS tube.
In this embodiment, when the MOS transistor is an N-channel power MOS transistor, as shown in fig. 1 and 4, the source of the NMOS transistor is connected to one end of the normally open switch, which is close to the negative electrode of the battery, and the drain of the NMOS transistor is connected to one end of the normally open switch, which is close to the positive electrode of the battery;
or when the MOS tube is a P-channel power MOS tube, the source electrode of the PMOS tube is connected with one end of the normally open switch, which is close to the anode of the battery, and the drain electrode of the PMOS tube is connected with one end of the normally open switch, which is close to the cathode of the battery.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the relay coil energizing circuit further comprises a third diode VD3, a first transistor VT1, a fifteenth resistor R15, a seventh capacitor C7, and a fourteenth resistor R14;
the first end of the fourteenth resistor R14 is connected with the control signal input terminal, the second end of the fourteenth resistor R14 is respectively connected with the first end of the seventh capacitor C7, the first end of the fifteenth resistor R15 and the base electrode of the first triode VT1, and the second end of the seventh capacitor C7, the second end of the fifteenth resistor R15 and the emitter electrode of the first triode VT1 are connected with the ground GND;
The collector of the first triode VT1 is respectively connected with the anode of the third diode VD3 and the first end of the relay coil, and the cathode of the third diode VD3 and the second end of the relay coil are both connected with the first power supply end (+12V);
The first end of the fourteenth resistor R14 serves as a coil energization control end of the relay.
In the present embodiment, the fifteenth resistor R15 and the fourteenth resistor R14 form a voltage-dividing bias network, the seventh capacitor C7 has a filtering function, and the third diode VD3 is a bleeding branch of the relay coil.
In the present embodiment, the resistance of the fourteenth resistor R14 is preferably but not limited to 1.1kΩ, the resistance of the fifteenth resistor R15 is preferably but not limited to 4.99kΩ, and the capacitance of the seventh capacitor C7 is preferably but not limited to 10uF. The third diode VD3 is preferably a schottky diode.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the delay unit includes an eighth resistor R8, a clamping circuit connected in series with the eighth resistor R8, an isolation circuit, and a delay circuit connected in series with the isolation circuit, where a series path formed by the isolation circuit and the delay circuit is connected in parallel to two ends of the clamping circuit.
In the present embodiment, the clamp circuit is preferably but not limited to a zener diode, and the isolation circuit is preferably but not limited to a photoelectric isolation circuit.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the clamping circuit includes a ninth resistor R9 and a fourth voltage regulator VD4 connected in parallel, the isolation circuit includes a tenth resistor R10 and an optocoupler isolation device D1, and the delay circuit includes a fourth resistor R4, a fifth resistor R5, a sixth resistor R6, a second zener diode VD2, a third triode VT3, a fifth capacitor C5, and a sixth capacitor C6;
The first end of the ninth resistor R9 and the cathode of the fourth voltage stabilizing tube VD4 are connected with the first end of an eighth resistor R8, the second end of the eighth resistor R8 is connected with a second positive power end (+48V), and the second end of the ninth resistor R9 and the anode of the fourth voltage stabilizing tube VD4 are connected with a second negative power end (-48V);
The first end of the tenth resistor R10 is connected with the control signal input terminal, the second end of the tenth resistor R10 is connected with the first end of the optocoupler isolation device D1, the second end of the optocoupler isolation device D1 is connected with the ground GND, the fourth end of the optocoupler isolation device D1 is respectively connected with the first end of the eighth resistor R8, and the third end of the optocoupler isolation device D1 is respectively connected with the first end of the fourth resistor R4 and the first end of the sixth resistor R6;
The second end of the fourth resistor R4 is respectively connected with the first end of the fifth resistor R5, the first end of the fifth capacitor C5 and the cathode of the second zener diode VD2, the anode of the second zener diode VD2 is connected with the base electrode of the third triode VT3, the collector electrode of the third triode VT3 is respectively connected with the second end of the sixth resistor R6 and the first end of the sixth capacitor C6, and the second end of the sixth capacitor C6, the emitter electrode of the third triode VT3, the second end of the fifth capacitor C5 and the second end of the fifth resistor R5 are all connected with a second negative power supply end (-48V);
the first end of the sixth capacitor C6 is also connected with the grid electrode of the MOS tube.
In the present embodiment, the resistance of the eighth resistor R8 is preferably but not limited to 4.3kΩ, the resistance of the ninth resistor R9 is preferably but not limited to 2kΩ, the resistance of the tenth resistor R10 is preferably but not limited to 1.1kΩ, the resistance of the fifth resistor R5 is preferably but not limited to 15kΩ, the resistance of the sixth resistor R6 is preferably but not limited to 10kΩ, the resistance of the fourth resistor R4 is preferably but not limited to 4.99kΩ, the capacitance of the sixth capacitor C6 is preferably but not limited to 1000pF, and the capacitance of the fifth capacitor C5 is preferably but not limited to 10uF.
In the present embodiment, the clamp circuit is used to prevent the input voltage from being excessively large to damage the post-stage circuit; the fifth capacitor C5 is a charging capacitor, and realizes a delay function by charging the charging capacitor, the capacity value of the fifth capacitor determines the delay time, and preferably, the delay time at least needs to be not less than the action time of the relay, such as 8ms; the fifth resistor R5 provides a fast discharging path for the fifth capacitor C5.
The present invention also discloses a power supply management system, which in a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, includes an AC/DC conversion unit, a battery, and at least one load;
the input end of the AC/DC conversion unit is connected with the mains supply, the output passage of the AC/DC conversion unit is a main passage, the charge and discharge end of the battery is connected to the main passage through a battery branch, and the power supply end of the load is connected to the main passage through a load branch;
the battery switch circuit is arranged in the battery branch, when the relay and the MOS tube of the battery switch circuit are conducted, the battery branch is conducted, the charging and discharging end of the battery is respectively connected with the output end of the AC/DC conversion unit and the power supply end of the load through the battery branch, the main passage and the load branch, and when the relay and the MOS tube of the battery switch circuit are disconnected, the battery branch is disconnected, and the charging and discharging end of the battery is not connected with the output end of the AC/DC conversion unit and the power supply end of the load.
In the present embodiment, in the prior art, the battery generally includes a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and the charge and discharge paths thereof share one path, and thus, the positive electrode or the negative electrode thereof can serve as a charge and discharge terminal of the battery.
In this embodiment, the load power supply end is always connected to the output end of the AC/DC conversion unit through the load branch and the main path, and a priority load power supply strategy is adopted.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, an overcurrent protection element is further connected in series in all or part of the battery branch, the main path, and the load branch;
and/or further comprises an alternating current filter connected in series with the input end of the AC/DC conversion unit and the mains supply connection path;
and/or further comprises a control module, wherein the output end of the control module is connected with the control signal input terminal.
In the present embodiment, the overcurrent protection element is preferably, but not limited to, a fuse, or the like. The AC filter is preferably, but not limited to, HP12/24.
In this embodiment, the control module is preferably, but not limited to, a one-pole two-throw switch, the switch includes two stationary contacts, a movable contact, the movable contact can be switched between the two stationary contacts, the movable contact is connected with the control signal input terminal, the two stationary contacts are respectively connected with the power supply terminal and the ground, the action of the movable contact can be manually operated, and by switching the connection between the movable contact and the stationary contact, the output of a high-low level signal to the control signal input terminal can be realized.
In this embodiment, the control module is preferably, but not limited to, a signal receiving unit, and an output end of the signal receiving unit is connected to the control signal input terminal. The signal receiving unit may be an optical signal receiving unit, or a wireless communication signal receiving module, or a wired communication signal receiving module.
In the present embodiment, when the signal receiving unit is an optical signal receiving unit, it is preferable, but not limited to, an optical switch that outputs a high-level signal to the control signal input terminal after receiving an external optical signal, closes the switching circuit, and outputs a low-level signal to the control signal input terminal after failing to receive the external optical signal, opens the switch, and cuts off the connection between the battery and the main path and the load branch.
In this embodiment, when the signal receiving unit is a wireless communication signal receiving module, it is preferable, but not limited to, to select existing products such as a WIFI communication module, a Zigbee communication module, a GSM communication module, an LTE communication module, or a 3G communication module, and to connect any control pin of a modem chip inside these modules to a control signal input terminal, so that it is convenient to remotely control the on or off of the battery switch circuit.
In the present embodiment, when the signal receiving unit is a wired communication signal receiving module, it is preferable to select, but not limited to, existing products such as an ethernet port communication module and a serial port communication module.
In a preferred embodiment, the AC/DC conversion unit includes a rectifying sub-unit, a DCDC conversion sub-unit, and a charging management sub-unit;
The input end of the rectifying subunit is connected with the mains supply, the output end of the rectifying subunit is connected with the input end of the DCDC conversion subunit, the output end of the DCDC conversion subunit is connected with the input end of the charging management subunit, and the output end of the charging management subunit is respectively connected with the power supply end of the load and the charging and discharging end of the battery.
In this embodiment, the rectifier subunit is configured to convert the commercial power into direct current, the DCDC converter subunit is configured to convert the direct current with a large voltage into direct current with a smaller voltage, and the charge management subunit is configured to manage battery charging for later use. The conversion to a rectifying sub-unit is preferably, but not limited to, a rectifying bridge chip, such as KBJ2504. The DCDC conversion subunit preferably, but not limited to, implements 110V to 48V conversion for DCDC buck chips, such as NHD110D 48. The charge management subunit is preferably, but not limited to, a 48V battery powered system buck switching power supply chip EG1186. The specific circuit structure can refer to the data manual of the selected chip, and is not described herein.
In a preferred embodiment, the device further comprises a battery voltage detection unit, wherein an output end of the battery voltage detection unit is connected with a battery voltage input end of the control module;
The system also comprises a mains supply detection unit, wherein the output end of the mains supply voltage detection unit is connected with the mains supply detection input end of the control module.
In this embodiment, the battery voltage detecting unit preferably but not limited to a precision resistor voltage dividing network includes a first voltage dividing resistor and a second voltage dividing resistor, wherein a first end of the first voltage dividing resistor is connected to the positive electrode of the battery, a second end of the first voltage dividing resistor is connected to a first end of the second voltage dividing resistor, a second end of the second voltage dividing resistor is connected to ground, and a second end of the first voltage dividing resistor is used as an output end of the battery voltage detecting unit. The resistance values of the first voltage dividing resistor and the second voltage dividing resistor need to be adjusted according to the voltage allowable input range of the later-stage signal acquisition unit, which is the prior art and will not be described herein.
In the present embodiment, the utility voltage detecting unit is preferably, but not limited to, a current transformer or a voltage transformer provided in a utility power supply loop, and preferably, an existing product that outputs an analog voltage may be selected.
In this embodiment, preferably, as shown in fig. 6, the control module includes a first reference power supply, a first comparator A1, a second comparator A2, and an or gate; the output end of the first reference power supply is connected with the negative input end of the first comparator A1, the output end of the battery voltage detection unit is connected with the positive input end of the first comparator A1, and the output end of the first comparator A1 is connected with the first input end of the OR gate; the output end of the mains voltage detection unit is connected with the positive input end of the second comparator A2, the negative input end of the second comparator A2 is connected with the ground, and the output end of the second comparator A2 is connected with the second input end of the OR gate; the output end of the OR gate is connected with the control signal input terminal of the battery switch circuit. When the battery voltage discharges to be low to the voltage threshold value, the first comparator A1 outputs a low level, and meanwhile, when the mains supply is powered off, the second comparator A2 outputs a low level, or the gate outputs a low level to the control signal input terminal, and the battery switch circuit is disconnected.
In this embodiment, when the output voltage of the first reference power supply is a low voltage threshold of battery discharge and the battery voltage detection unit is a series circuit of the first voltage dividing resistor R1 and the second voltage dividing resistor R2 shown in fig. 6, the output voltage of the first reference power supply is a second end output voltage value of the first voltage dividing resistor R1 when the battery voltage reaches the low voltage threshold, and the first reference power supply may select a voltage reference chip such as TI or ADI, and the output voltage value of the chip is close to the low voltage threshold or the voltage dividing value of the low voltage threshold.
In the present embodiment, the first comparator A1 and the second comparator A2 are preferably but not limited to select LM324, or gate is preferably but not limited to select 7432.
In this embodiment, preferably, the control module is a microprocessor such as an MCU or a single-chip microcomputer, for example, STM32051C8T6, and is connected to the output end of the battery voltage detecting unit and the output end of the mains voltage detecting unit through an a/D acquisition pin, respectively. The control module outputs high and low levels to the control signal input terminal through an I/O pin.
In this embodiment, the low voltage threshold is preferably, but not limited to, the voltage value of the positive electrode of the battery when the battery charge is 10% to 30% of full charge.
The invention also discloses a method for power supply management by using the power supply management system,
The control module judges the current mains supply state according to the output signal of the mains supply detection unit and executes corresponding processing steps, and specifically comprises the following steps:
If the output signal of the mains supply detection unit is continuously high level, the mains supply is considered to be stably supplied, and the step A is executed;
If the output signal of the mains supply detection unit has a falling edge, the mains supply is considered to be powered off, and the step B is executed;
If the output signal of the mains supply detection unit has a rising edge, the mains supply is considered to be electrified, and after a time delay T, the step A is executed; t is greater than 0; preferably, T ranges from 0 to 50 seconds.
Step A: the control module outputs a first control signal to control the relay and the MOS tube of the battery switch circuit to be conducted, so that the output end of the AC/DC conversion unit is respectively communicated with the charge and discharge end of the battery and the power supply end of the load, and the AC/DC conversion unit supplies power to the load and charges the battery;
And (B) step (B): the control module continuously outputs a first control signal to control the relay of the battery switch circuit to be conducted with the MOS tube, and the battery supplies power to the load; the control module acquires battery voltage through the battery voltage detection unit, when the battery voltage drops to a low-voltage threshold value, the control module outputs a second control signal to control the relay and the MOS tube of the battery switching circuit to be disconnected, and the charging and discharging ends of the battery are disconnected with the output end of the AC/DC conversion unit and the power supply end of the load respectively.
In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: many changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. A battery switching circuit, comprising:
The normally open switch of the relay is connected in series in a battery charging and/or discharging passage;
At least one MOS tube connected in parallel with the normally open switch of the relay respectively, wherein the source electrode and the drain electrode of the MOS tube are connected with the two ends of the normally open switch respectively;
A delay unit and a control signal input terminal for introducing an external control signal;
the control signal input terminal is respectively connected with the coil power-on control end of the relay and the input end of the delay unit, and the output end of the delay unit is connected with the grid electrode of the MOS tube;
the conduction direction of the body diode of the MOS tube is the same as the current direction of the battery charging path;
When the MOS tube is the N-channel power MOS tube, the source electrode of the NMOS tube is connected with one end of the normally open switch, which is close to the cathode of the battery, and the drain electrode of the NMOS tube is connected with one end of the normally open switch, which is close to the anode of the battery; when the MOS tube is a P-channel power MOS tube, the source electrode of the PMOS tube is connected with one end of the normally open switch, which is close to the anode of the battery, and the drain electrode of the PMOS tube is connected with one end of the normally open switch, which is close to the cathode of the battery;
The circuit also comprises a relay coil energizing circuit, wherein the relay coil energizing circuit comprises a third diode, a first triode, a fifteenth resistor, a seventh capacitor and a fourteenth resistor;
The first end of the fourteenth resistor is connected with the control signal input terminal, the second end of the fourteenth resistor is respectively connected with the first end of the seventh capacitor, the first end of the fifteenth resistor and the base electrode of the first triode, and the second end of the seventh capacitor, the second end of the fifteenth resistor and the emitter electrode of the first triode are connected with the ground;
the collector of the first triode is respectively connected with the anode of the third diode and the first end of the relay coil, and the cathode of the third diode and the second end of the relay coil are both connected with the first power supply end;
the first end of the fourteenth resistor is used as a coil power-on control end of the relay;
the delay unit comprises an eighth resistor, a clamping circuit connected with the eighth resistor in series, an isolation circuit and a delay circuit connected with the isolation circuit in series, wherein a serial path formed by the isolation circuit and the delay circuit is connected with two ends of the clamping circuit in parallel;
the clamping circuit comprises a ninth resistor and a fourth voltage stabilizing tube which are mutually connected in parallel, the isolation circuit comprises a tenth resistor and an optical coupler isolation device, and the delay circuit comprises a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor, a sixth resistor, a second voltage stabilizing diode, a third triode, a fifth capacitor and a sixth capacitor;
The first end of the ninth resistor and the cathode of the fourth voltage stabilizing tube are connected with the first end of the eighth resistor, the second end of the eighth resistor is connected with the second positive power supply end, and the second end of the ninth resistor and the anode of the fourth voltage stabilizing tube are connected with the second negative power supply end;
The first end of the tenth resistor is connected with the control signal input terminal, the second end of the tenth resistor is connected with the first end of the optical coupler isolation device, the second end of the optical coupler isolation device is connected with the ground, the fourth end of the optical coupler isolation device is respectively connected with the first end of the eighth resistor, and the third end of the optical coupler isolation device is respectively connected with the first end of the fourth resistor and the first end of the sixth resistor;
the second end of the fourth resistor is respectively connected with the first end of the fifth resistor, the first end of the fifth capacitor and the cathode of the second zener diode, the anode of the second zener diode is connected with the base electrode of the third triode, the collector electrode of the third triode is respectively connected with the second end of the sixth resistor and the first end of the sixth capacitor, and the second end of the sixth capacitor, the emitter electrode of the third triode, the second end of the fifth capacitor and the second end of the fifth resistor are all connected with the second negative power supply end;
The first end of the sixth capacitor is also connected with the grid electrode of the MOS tube.
2. A power supply management system characterized by comprising an AC/DC conversion unit, a battery, and at least one load;
The input end of the AC/DC conversion unit is connected with the mains supply, the output passage of the AC/DC conversion unit is a main passage, the charge and discharge end of the battery is connected to the main passage through a battery branch, and the power supply end of the load is connected to the main passage through a load branch;
the battery switch circuit of claim 1 is arranged in the battery branch, when the relay and the MOS tube of the battery switch circuit are conducted, the battery branch is conducted, the charge and discharge end of the battery is respectively connected with the output end of the AC/DC conversion unit and the power supply end of the load through the battery branch, the main passage and the load branch, and when the relay and the MOS tube of the battery switch circuit are disconnected, the battery branch is disconnected, and the charge and discharge end of the battery is not connected with the output end of the AC/DC conversion unit and the power supply end of the load.
3. The power management system of claim 2, further comprising an overcurrent protection element in series with all or part of the battery branch, the main path, and the load branch;
and/or further comprises an alternating current filter connected in series with the input end of the AC/DC conversion unit and the mains supply connection path;
and/or further comprises a control module, wherein the output end of the control module is connected with the control signal input terminal.
4. The power management system of claim 3, wherein the AC/DC conversion unit includes a rectifier subunit, a DCDC conversion subunit, and a charge management subunit;
The input end of the rectifying subunit is connected with the mains supply, the output end of the rectifying subunit is connected with the input end of the DCDC conversion subunit, the output end of the DCDC conversion subunit is connected with the input end of the charging management subunit, and the output end of the charging management subunit is respectively connected with the power supply end of the load and the charging and discharging end of the battery.
5. The power supply management system according to claim 4, further comprising a battery voltage detection unit, an output of the battery voltage detection unit being connected to a battery voltage input of the control module;
the system further comprises a mains supply detection unit, wherein the output end of the mains supply detection unit is connected with the mains supply detection input end of the control module.
6. A method for power management using the power management system of any one of claims 2-5, characterized in that,
The control module judges the current mains supply state according to the output signal of the mains supply detection unit and executes corresponding processing steps, and specifically comprises the following steps:
If the output signal of the mains supply detection unit is continuously high level, the mains supply is considered to be stably supplied, and the step A is executed;
If the output signal of the mains supply detection unit has a falling edge, the mains supply is considered to be powered off, and the step B is executed;
If the output signal of the mains supply detection unit has a rising edge, the mains supply is considered to be electrified, and after a time delay T, the step A is executed; t is greater than 0;
The step A is as follows: the control module outputs a first control signal to control the relay and the MOS tube of the battery switch circuit to be conducted, so that the output end of the AC/DC conversion unit is respectively communicated with the charge and discharge end of the battery and the power supply end of the load, and the AC/DC conversion unit supplies power to the load and charges the battery;
The step B is as follows: the control module continuously outputs a first control signal to control the relay of the battery switch circuit to be conducted with the MOS tube, and the battery supplies power to the load; the control module acquires battery voltage through the battery voltage detection unit, when the battery voltage drops to a low-voltage threshold value, the control module outputs a second control signal to control the relay and the MOS tube of the battery switching circuit to be disconnected, and the charging and discharging ends of the battery are disconnected with the output end of the AC/DC conversion unit and the power supply end of the load respectively.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911088449.7A CN110676918B (en) | 2019-11-08 | 2019-11-08 | Battery switch circuit, power supply management system and method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911088449.7A CN110676918B (en) | 2019-11-08 | 2019-11-08 | Battery switch circuit, power supply management system and method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN110676918A CN110676918A (en) | 2020-01-10 |
| CN110676918B true CN110676918B (en) | 2024-07-05 |
Family
ID=69086688
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911088449.7A Active CN110676918B (en) | 2019-11-08 | 2019-11-08 | Battery switch circuit, power supply management system and method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN110676918B (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111409578B (en) * | 2020-04-28 | 2024-05-24 | 上海盛慧信息技术有限公司 | Charging and discharging control circuit for automobile storage battery |
| CN111817567A (en) * | 2020-06-13 | 2020-10-23 | 青岛鼎信通讯股份有限公司 | Winding switching device and method applied to charging module high-frequency transformer |
| CN112671384B (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2022-04-26 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | Time-delay power-off circuit and time-delay power-off method thereof |
| CN112688399B (en) * | 2021-01-16 | 2022-07-29 | 厦门市华泰视通科技有限公司 | Battery intelligent distributed energy efficiency management system and LED display screen thereof |
| CN113541251B (en) * | 2021-07-14 | 2024-05-07 | 江苏纳通能源技术有限公司 | Master-slave household battery management system and starting method |
| CN113871253A (en) * | 2021-10-15 | 2021-12-31 | 深圳英飞源技术有限公司 | Relay tensile arc circuit and control method |
| CN115622212B (en) * | 2022-12-19 | 2023-03-10 | 深圳市思远半导体有限公司 | Charge and discharge management circuit, chip with charge and discharge management circuit, equipment with charge and discharge management circuit and control method |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN210640722U (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2020-05-29 | 湖北民族大学 | Battery switch circuit and power supply management system comprising same |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3575639A (en) * | 1969-04-21 | 1971-04-20 | Texas Instruments Inc | Time delay circuit adapted for use in a power control system |
| CN202153649U (en) * | 2011-07-25 | 2012-02-29 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Communication power supply storage battery access control device |
| CN106877849B (en) * | 2017-03-17 | 2023-06-16 | 湖北显风电子有限公司 | Applicable multi-source direct current solid state relay and driving method thereof |
| CN206564579U (en) * | 2017-03-17 | 2017-10-17 | 湖北显风电子有限公司 | It is applicable multi-source DC solid-state relay |
| CN106879147B (en) * | 2017-03-27 | 2023-08-29 | 刘冰冰 | Single-live-wire full-power touch switch circuit |
| CN108233526B (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2024-03-26 | 德力西电气有限公司 | Power supply management device for frame circuit breaker controller |
| CN208954899U (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2019-06-07 | 胡春生 | A kind of intelligent type permanent magnet switch controller |
| CN109861336A (en) * | 2019-02-28 | 2019-06-07 | 郝蕾 | A kind of bridge arm interlock protection circuit of electric car charge and discharge |
| CN110071015B (en) * | 2019-05-13 | 2021-01-26 | 沈阳睿捷电力科技有限公司 | Bypass type rapid alternating current-direct current switching device for preventing contactor from electric shock |
-
2019
- 2019-11-08 CN CN201911088449.7A patent/CN110676918B/en active Active
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN210640722U (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2020-05-29 | 湖北民族大学 | Battery switch circuit and power supply management system comprising same |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN110676918A (en) | 2020-01-10 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN110676918B (en) | Battery switch circuit, power supply management system and method | |
| CN210640722U (en) | Battery switch circuit and power supply management system comprising same | |
| CN108075562B (en) | High-power portable electric equipment and power supply control device and method thereof | |
| CN209658953U (en) | Series-connected cell group power module | |
| CN106053999B (en) | A kind of power-fail detection circuit and its application for wireless single firewire switch | |
| WO2017020782A1 (en) | Battery charging and discharging control circuit and battery charging and discharging system | |
| CN103321814B (en) | Car emergency ignition installation | |
| CN110571883B (en) | Lithium battery charging current limiting system | |
| CN204103446U (en) | A kind of over under-voltage protection circuit | |
| CN204598407U (en) | There is the switching circuit of emergency starting function power device | |
| CN202535261U (en) | Anti-surge current universal input communication power supply | |
| CN106253210A (en) | Undervoltage protection circuit | |
| CN103248100A (en) | Back-up power source charging-discharging control circuit | |
| CN103368235B (en) | Nickel-metal hydride battery charge-discharge circuit in uninterruptible power supply | |
| CN203734545U (en) | Power supply device with output over-current protection, short-circuit protection, and automatic recovery functions | |
| CN203690904U (en) | Self-protection online direct-current output circuit | |
| CN104577968A (en) | Three-phase overvoltage, under-voltage and default phase integrated protection circuit | |
| CN104600763A (en) | Under-voltage protection circuit and lamp | |
| CN2938522Y (en) | Overload protection circuit of power lithium ion battery | |
| CN114069567B (en) | Battery protection circuit and battery voltage sampling circuit thereof | |
| CN103715748A (en) | Lithium battery charging circuit | |
| CN203690903U (en) | Battery under-voltage protection circuit | |
| CN215646321U (en) | Formation and capacitance circuit, equipment and system | |
| CN214255774U (en) | Battery charging dormancy control circuit | |
| CN204441852U (en) | A kind of three-phase overvoltage, under-voltage, phase shortage integrated protective circuit |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |