CN110672986B - Cable fault positioning system for reducing positioning blind area and improving resolution - Google Patents
Cable fault positioning system for reducing positioning blind area and improving resolution Download PDFInfo
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- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
- G01R31/11—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks using pulse reflection methods
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cable fault positioning system for reducing a positioning blind area and improving resolution, which consists of an ultra-narrow pulse generation module, an impedance matching circuit, a pulse signal detection module and a main control module. The ultra-narrow pulse generation module generates a nanosecond ultra-narrow pulse signal; the impedance matching circuit adjusts the output impedance of the device according to the characteristic impedance of the cable; the pulse signal detection module collects a narrow pulse signal by using a high-bandwidth program-controlled operational amplifier and a high-speed analog-to-digital converter; the main control module completes system control and data processing, and performs noise reduction, nonlinear error compensation and reflected wave head identification on original data by combining wavelet transformation and a cross-correlation algorithm. The near-end test blind area can be reduced, ghost reflection is reduced, the fault positioning resolution ratio is improved, and the ubiquitous power equipment internet of things can be realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of cable fault testing, and particularly relates to a cable fault positioning system for reducing a positioning blind area and improving resolution.
Background
With the acceleration of the urbanization process in China, the power cable has the advantages of excellent electrical performance, convenience in laying and the like, so that the power cable is more and more widely applied to the current power network. The number of power cables laid increases and the operation load and time are increasing, and more power accidents are caused by the power cables breaking down. When the power cable is laid, the cable is generally directly buried underground or placed in a cable trench, and the cable is wrapped by multiple layers of protective materials, so that once a fault occurs, it is very difficult to find a fault point. The nondestructive detection of the cable fault position can be realized by utilizing the pulse time domain reflection principle, so that the pulse generation and detection device for cable fault positioning is very important in cable fault positioning.
In the cable fault positioning process, the pulse width is directly related to the cable fault positioning precision and the test blind area. The pulse width is too large, so that a near-end blind area is increased during measurement, if a fault point exists at the near end, the reflection of the fault point is directly covered by the blind area, so that the fault position cannot be identified, and meanwhile, the fault identification positioning precision is reduced due to the large pulse width; and the nanosecond narrow pulse is used, so that a near-end test blind area caused by the pulse width can be reduced, and the resolution is improved. Conventional pulse generators typically employ tunnel diodes or avalanche transistors to generate the desired pulses. The tunnel diode can generate short-time pulses, the rising edge can reach picosecond level, but the amplitude of the generated voltage is only millivolt level; the avalanche effect of the transistors is utilized to generate high-speed pulses instantly, and a plurality of avalanche transistors are connected in series and in parallel to realize high-power pulse output and are commonly used for generating high-power pulses with fixed pulse width. Meanwhile, the pulse generated by using a tunnel diode or an avalanche transistor is mostly a unilateral pulse with a faster rising edge and a slow falling edge, the pulse width is larger, the fault positioning error is larger, the pulse width can be adjusted by a more complex circuit design, and the pulse width can not be directly adjusted according to the length of the tested cable. In addition, in the traditional instrument, during pulse detection, resistance is mostly adopted to directly divide voltage to attenuate pulse amplitude, and then a triode voltage follower is used to send the pulse amplitude into an operational amplifier and an analog-to-digital conversion circuit, so that high-frequency distortion of pulse signals is serious in the process, and the fault positioning precision is low.
At present, related instruments in China mostly adopt a fixed output impedance design, the output impedance cannot be adjusted according to the characteristic impedance of the cable, and when a plurality of joints or a plurality of fault points exist in the cable, multiple reflection ghost image display is easy to occur, so that the fault points or the positions of the joints are misjudged. In addition, in the aspect of fault location, fault waveform display is directly performed only by simple filtering processing after data are collected by most related instruments, a fault distance is calculated in a visual inspection mode of an operator, a large location error exists, and meanwhile, when long-distance cable fault location is performed, due to the fact that cable loss exists, pulse reflection signals are weak, and location is difficult to be performed directly through a visual inspection method.
In summary, the existing devices have the following problems: the pulse generating circuit is complex, and nanosecond pulses with adjustable width and amplitude are difficult to generate directly according to the length of a tested cable, so that a near-end blind area is too large and the resolution is low when the cable is positioned due to fault; the pulse detection circuit has lower bandwidth and no high-frequency compensation, so that the distortion is serious in the signal acquisition process; the output impedance of the impedance adjusting device cannot be adjusted according to the characteristic of the cable, so that misjudgment of fault points is easily caused; the automatic positioning function of the fault position is not provided, and the error of the visual measurement method is larger.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects of the existing equipment, the invention aims to provide a cable fault positioning system for reducing a dead positioning area and improving the resolution.
In order to realize the task, the invention adopts the following technical solution:
the utility model provides a cable fault location system for reducing location blind area improves resolution ratio, is become by super narrow pulse generation module, impedance matching circuit, pulse signal detection module and main control module four bibliographic categories and divides and constitute, wherein:
the ultra-narrow pulse generation module consists of a high-frequency voltage transformation rectifying circuit, an MOSFET (metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor) and a driving circuit thereof, and a capacitance energy storage circuit and is used for generating ultra-narrow pulse signals; generating ultra-narrow pulses by using a digital logic circuit in combination with a capacitive energy storage type pulse generator principle;
the impedance matching circuit is used for sending the maximum power of the pulse signal to the tested cable according to the output impedance of the characteristic impedance adjusting device of the tested cable, reducing pulse distortion and reducing multiple reflections of the pulse signal caused by multiple faults and joints in the cable;
the pulse signal detection module consists of a passive attenuation circuit, a program control operational amplifier circuit and an A/D conversion circuit and is used for detecting an input signal; compensating high-frequency loss in the attenuation process by using a capacitor, reducing high-frequency distortion of a pulse signal, collecting the received pulse signal by using a high-speed high-bandwidth device, and inputting the pulse signal into a main control module after analog-to-digital conversion;
the main control module consists of a processor, a peripheral circuit and fault positioning software, is used for finishing the human-computer interaction, software control and data algorithm processing of the whole system, and combines wavelet transformation and a cross-correlation algorithm to perform noise reduction, nonlinear error compensation and reflected wave head identification.
According to the invention, the high-frequency voltage transformation rectifying circuit performs rectifying and filtering on a high-frequency clock output by the FPGA to generate voltage with adjustable amplitude and charge a capacitive energy storage circuit;
the MOSFET and the driving circuit control the high-speed gate driver to drive the MOSFET switch by using ultra-narrow digital pulses with adjustable pulse width generated by FPGA logic, and simultaneously the gate driver isolates digital signals and analog signals to prevent pulse signal interference;
the capacitance energy storage circuit conditions and amplifies the digital pulse signal to generate ultra-narrow low-voltage negative pulse with adjustable width and amplitude.
Furthermore, the passive attenuation circuit utilizes a resistance voltage division principle to carry out amplitude attenuation and adopts a capacitor to compensate high-frequency loss in the attenuation process;
the program control operational amplifier circuit controls the input voltage amplitude of the A/D chip, and the A/D conversion chip is a 400MSPS parallel analog-to-digital conversion chip.
Preferably, the processor and the peripheral circuit comprise an ARM processor based on an embedded Linux system and a peripheral circuit thereof, a Cyclon III series FPGA chip based on a Nios II soft core processor and a peripheral circuit thereof, and an integrated wireless communication module; the ARM processor and a peripheral circuit thereof complete the whole system control and man-machine interaction, and the wireless communication module is used for accessing a network to realize remote data acquisition and equipment control; the FPGA chip and the peripheral circuit thereof are used for analyzing the instruction of the ARM processor and controlling the generation of ultra-narrow pulses and the acquisition of signal data, and the ARM processor and the FPGA chip are in data communication through an SPI bus interface;
and the fault positioning software completes the algorithm processing of the data, and the display and fault positioning identification of the processed data.
Furthermore, the wireless communication module comprises Bluetooth, WiFi, 4G and other communication modules, the wireless networking module is used for remotely transmitting the acquired signal data into the background system and receiving instructions and data processing results from the remote control terminal.
The fault positioning software comprises a data processing algorithm, data waveform display and fault positioning, the data processing algorithm carries out noise reduction, nonlinear error compensation caused by cable attenuation and dispersion and reflected wave head identification on reflected signals, and the processed data carries out waveform display and fault type and position identification by utilizing the fault positioning software.
The data processing algorithm comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: carrying out noise reduction processing on an original signal acquired by the FPGA by using a wavelet threshold method;
the second step is that: aiming at the problems of large fault positioning error caused by nonlinear error caused by over-small reflected signal and attenuation dispersion phenomenon of a long-distance cable, analyzing the data after noise reduction by using a dynamic cross-correlation method, and performing nonlinear error compensation on the reflected signal;
the third step: and identifying the wave head of the reflected signal by a wavelet mode maximum value method, and determining the time interval between the incident pulse and the reflected pulse.
The dynamic cross-correlation method comprises the following steps:
when the pulse signal propagates in the cable, the frequency response function is as follows:
H(ω)＝exp[-2γ(ω)l] (1)
wherein, gamma (omega) is a cable propagation constant, l is a round-trip length of a pulse signal, and R, L, G, C is the resistance, the inductance, the conductance and the capacitance of the cable with unit length respectively;
aiming at the attenuation rule of pulse signals in the cable, the simple cross-correlation function is improved:
wherein x ist(t) is a time-dependent reference function;
the signal of the time span t is represented as X according to the frequency response function at the transmission length vt/20(ω)Ht(ω) and introduction of a phase delay can give xt(t) calculating the formula in the frequency domain:
Xt(ω)＝X0(ω)exp[-γ(ω)vt]exp(+jωt) (4)
thereafter, x is solved in the time domaint(t), further obtaining R'xy(τ) and performing cross-correlation processing on the data.
The cable fault positioning system for reducing the positioning blind area and improving the resolution ratio has the technical effects that: the ultra-narrow pulse generator can be used for generating nanosecond ultra-narrow pulses with adjustable width and amplitude, so that a near-end test blind area is reduced, and the system fault positioning resolution is improved; the output impedance of the system is adjusted through the impedance matching circuit, so that the pulse output distortion is reduced, and the ghost image caused by multiple reflections is eliminated; the acquired data is processed by combining wavelet transformation and a dynamic cross-correlation analysis processing algorithm, and the positioning error is reduced by utilizing automatic positioning of software.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a cable fault locating system for reducing dead zone and increasing resolution of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of fault location software provided by an embodiment;
fig. 3 is a flow chart of a data processing algorithm provided by an embodiment.
The symbols in the figures represent: 1. an ultra-narrow pulse generation module; 2. an impedance matching circuit; 3. a pulse signal detection module; 4. and a main control module.
The invention is further described below with reference to the figures and examples.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a cable fault location system for reducing a location blind area and improving a resolution, which is composed of an ultra-narrow pulse generation module 1, an impedance matching circuit 2, a pulse signal detection module 3 and a main control module 4; wherein:
the ultra-narrow pulse generation module 1 consists of a high-frequency voltage transformation rectifying circuit, an MOSFET (metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor) and a driving circuit thereof, and a capacitance energy storage circuit and is used for generating ultra-narrow pulse signals; the ultra-narrow pulse generation module 1 is a signal basis of the whole device, and is combined with the high-speed switching characteristic of the MOSFET tube to condition and amplify nanosecond ultra-narrow digital pulses output by the FPGA to generate ultra-narrow low-voltage negative pulse signals with adjustable nanosecond width and amplitude;
the impedance matching circuit 2 is connected with the ultra-narrow pulse generation module 1 and the pulse signal detection module 3, and sends the maximum power of the pulse signal to the tested cable according to the output impedance of the characteristic impedance adjusting device of the tested cable, so that the pulse distortion is reduced, and the multiple reflections of the pulse signal caused by multiple faults and joints in the cable are reduced;
the pulse signal detection module 3 is used for collecting the received pulse signals by using a high-speed high-bandwidth device, inputting the pulse signals into the main control module 4 after analog-to-digital conversion for subsequent processing, and mainly comprises a passive attenuation circuit, a program control operational amplifier circuit and an A/D conversion circuit;
the main control module 4 is connected with the ultra-narrow pulse generation module 1 and the pulse signal detection module 3, completes the human-computer interaction, software control and data algorithm processing of the whole system, combines the wavelet transformation and the cross-correlation algorithm, performs noise reduction, nonlinear error compensation and reflected wave head identification, and mainly comprises a processor, a peripheral circuit and fault positioning software.
With reference to fig. 1, the ultra-narrow pulse generating module 1 generates ultra-narrow pulses by using a digital logic circuit in combination with a capacitive energy storage type pulse generator principle, and the high-frequency voltage transformation rectifying circuit performs rectification filtering on a high-frequency clock output by the FPGA to generate an amplitude-adjustable voltage and charge the capacitive energy storage circuit; the MOSFET and the driving circuit control the high-speed gate driver to drive the MOSFET switch by using ultra-narrow digital pulses with adjustable pulse width generated by FPGA logic, and simultaneously, the gate driver isolates digital signals and analog signals to prevent pulse signal interference; the capacitance energy storage circuit conditions and amplifies the digital pulse signal to generate ultra-narrow low-voltage negative pulse with adjustable width and amplitude.
The passive attenuation circuit adopts a resistance voltage division principle, combines high-frequency loss in a compensation capacitance compensation attenuation process, controls the amplification factor of the operational amplifier circuit through a program, and adjusts the voltage amplitude of the input A/D conversion chip.
In the embodiment, the processor and the peripheral circuit comprise an ARM processor based on an embedded Linux system and a peripheral circuit thereof, a Cyclon III series FPGA chip based on a Nios II soft core processor and a peripheral circuit thereof, and an integrated wireless communication module; the ARM processor and a peripheral circuit thereof complete the whole system control and man-machine interaction, and the wireless communication module is used for accessing a network to realize remote data acquisition and equipment control; the FPGA chip and the peripheral circuit thereof are used for analyzing the instruction of the ARM processor and controlling the generation of ultra-narrow pulses and the acquisition of signal data, and the ARM processor and the FPGA chip are in data communication through an SPI bus interface;
and the fault positioning software combines wavelet transformation and a cross-correlation algorithm to perform noise reduction, nonlinear error compensation caused by cable attenuation and dispersion, reflected wave head identification processing on the acquired data, and then data display and fault positioning identification are performed.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the fault location software of this embodiment, and the main tasks of the fault location software are to complete the algorithm processing of data, and display and fault location identification of the processed data.
The set measurement parameters are sent to the FPGA through the SPI driving layer, NIOS II software analyzes the parameters, controls pulse output and reflected signal acquisition, puts data into the FIFO, then sends the data to the main control software through the SPI driving layer, and the main control software receives the data and then carries out algorithm processing, fault positioning and waveform display.
Fig. 3 is a flowchart of a data processing algorithm of the present embodiment, which mainly includes the following steps:
s101: carrying out noise reduction processing on an original signal acquired by the FPGA by using a wavelet threshold method;
s102: analyzing the noise-reduced data by using a dynamic cross-correlation method, and compensating the reflected signal;
s103: and identifying the wave head of the reflected signal by a wavelet mode maximum value method, and determining the time interval between the incident pulse and the reflected pulse.
In a preferred embodiment, the compensation of the reflected pulse signal is performed by analyzing the noise-reduced data by using a dynamic cross-correlation method, which mainly comprises:
when pulse signals are propagated in a cable, the pulse signals encounter impedance catastrophe points and can be reflected, the amplitude of the reflected signals is reduced, the width of the reflected signals is increased, and the frequency response function of the reflected signals is as follows:
H(ω)＝exp[-2γ(ω)l] (1)
wherein, gamma (omega) is a cable propagation constant, l is a round-trip length of a pulse signal, and R, L, G, C is the resistance, the inductance, the conductance and the capacitance of the cable with unit length respectively;
aiming at the attenuation rule of pulse signals in the cable, the simple cross-correlation function is improved:
wherein x ist(t) is a time-dependent reference function;
suppose HtFor the frequency response function at transmission length vt/2, from the cable frequency response function:
Ht(ω)＝exp[-γ(ω)vt]
representing the signal of the time span t by X0(ω)Ht(ω) and introducing a phase delay can give xt(t) calculating the formula in the frequency domain:
Xt(ω)＝X0(ω)Ht(ω)exp(+jωt) (4)
obtaining R'xy(τ) cross-correlation processing the data。
According to the cable fault positioning system for reducing the positioning blind area and improving the resolution, the ultra-narrow pulse generator can be used for generating nanosecond ultra-narrow pulses with adjustable width and amplitude, the near-end testing blind area is reduced, and the system fault positioning resolution is improved; the output impedance of the system is adjusted through the impedance matching circuit, so that the pulse output distortion is reduced, and the ghost image caused by multiple reflections is eliminated; the collected data are processed by combining wavelet transformation and a dynamic cross-correlation analysis processing algorithm, and the positioning is automatically performed by using software, so that the positioning error is reduced, and the remote networking is facilitated to realize the Internet of things of the power equipment.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and any additions, equivalents, improvements, etc. made in the technical solution of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A cable fault positioning system for reducing a positioning blind area and improving resolution is characterized by comprising an ultra-narrow pulse generation module (1), an impedance matching circuit (2), a pulse signal detection module (3) and a main control module (4); wherein:
the ultra-narrow pulse generation module (1) consists of a high-frequency voltage transformation rectifying circuit, an MOSFET (metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor) and a driving circuit thereof, and a capacitance energy storage circuit and is used for generating ultra-narrow pulse signals; generating nanosecond ultra-narrow pulses with adjustable width and amplitude by using a digital logic circuit and combining a capacitive energy storage type pulse generator principle;
the impedance matching circuit (2) is used for sending the maximum power of the pulse signal to the tested cable according to the output impedance of the characteristic impedance adjusting device of the tested cable, reducing pulse distortion and reducing double images caused by multiple reflections of the pulse signal due to multiple faults and joints in the cable;
the pulse signal detection module (3) consists of a passive attenuation circuit, a program control operational amplifier circuit and an A/D conversion circuit and is used for detecting an input signal; the capacitor is used for compensating high-frequency loss in the attenuation process, high-frequency distortion of pulse signals is reduced, the received pulse signals are collected by a high-speed high-bandwidth device and input into the main control module (4) after analog-to-digital conversion;
the main control module (4) consists of a processor, a peripheral circuit and fault positioning software, is used for finishing the human-computer interaction, software control and data algorithm processing of the whole system, and combines wavelet transformation and a dynamic cross-correlation algorithm to perform noise reduction, nonlinear error compensation and reflected wave head identification;
the processor and the peripheral circuit comprise an ARM processor based on an embedded Linux system and a peripheral circuit thereof, a CyclonIII series FPGA chip based on a NiosII soft core processor and a peripheral circuit thereof, and an integrated wireless communication module; the ARM processor and a peripheral circuit thereof complete the whole system control and man-machine interaction, and the wireless communication module is used for accessing a network to realize remote data acquisition and equipment control; the FPGA chip and the peripheral circuit thereof are used for analyzing the instruction of the ARM processor and controlling the generation of ultra-narrow pulses and the acquisition of signal data, and the ARM processor and the FPGA chip are in data communication through an SPI bus interface;
the wireless communication module comprises a Bluetooth module, a WiFi module and a 4G communication module, the wireless networking module is used for remotely transmitting the acquired signal data into the background system, receiving an instruction and a data processing result from the remote control end and realizing the purpose of being placed in the power Internet of things;
the fault positioning software comprises a data processing algorithm, data waveform display and fault positioning, the data processing algorithm carries out noise reduction, nonlinear error compensation caused by cable attenuation and dispersion and reflected wave head identification on a reflected signal, and the processed data carries out waveform display and fault type and position identification by utilizing the fault positioning software;
the dynamic cross-correlation method comprises the following steps:
when the pulse signal propagates in the cable, the frequency response function is as follows:
H(ω)＝exp[-2γ(ω)l] (1)
wherein, gamma (omega) is a cable propagation constant, l is a round-trip length of a pulse signal, and R, L, G, C is the resistance, the inductance, the conductance and the capacitance of the cable with unit length respectively;
aiming at the attenuation rule of pulse signals in the cable, the simple cross-correlation function is improved:
wherein x ist(t) is a time-dependent reference function;
the signal of the time span t is represented as X according to the frequency response function at the transmission length vt/20(ω)Ht(ω) and introduction of a phase delay can give xt(t) calculating the formula in the frequency domain:
Xt(ω)＝X0(ω)exp[-γ(ω)vt]exp(+jωt) (4)
thereafter, x is solved in the time domaint(t), further obtaining R'xy(τ), and performing cross-correlation processing on the data; the high-frequency voltage transformation rectifying circuit performs rectifying filtering on a high-frequency clock output by the FPGA to generate voltage with adjustable amplitude and charge the capacitor energy storage circuit;
the MOSFET and the driving circuit control the high-speed gate driver to drive the MOSFET switch by using ultra-narrow digital pulses with adjustable pulse width generated by FPGA logic, and simultaneously the gate driver isolates digital signals and analog signals to prevent pulse signal interference;
the capacitance energy storage circuit conditions and amplifies the digital pulse signal to generate an ultra-narrow pulse with adjustable width and amplitude; the ultra-narrow pulse is a pulse width amplitude digital controllable ultra-narrow low-voltage negative pulse;
the passive attenuation circuit utilizes a resistance voltage division principle to carry out amplitude attenuation and adopts a capacitor to compensate high-frequency loss in the attenuation process;
the program-controlled operational amplifier circuit controls the amplitude of the input voltage of the A/D chip, and the data processing algorithm comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: carrying out noise reduction processing on an original signal acquired by the FPGA by using a wavelet threshold method;
the second step is that: aiming at the problems of large fault positioning error caused by nonlinear error caused by over-small reflected signal and attenuation dispersion phenomenon of a long-distance cable, analyzing the data after noise reduction by using a dynamic cross-correlation method, and performing nonlinear error compensation on the reflected signal;
the third step: and identifying the wave head of the reflected signal by a wavelet mode maximum value method, and determining the time interval between the incident pulse and the reflected pulse.
2. The cable fault location system for reducing dead location zones and increasing resolution of claim 1, wherein: the A/D conversion chip is a 400MSPS parallel analog-to-digital conversion chip.
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| CN112014685A (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2020-12-01 | 盐城市产品质量监督检验所 | Intelligent cable detection device |
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