CN110670107A - Titanium carbide nanosheet/carbon nanotube electromagnetic shielding film and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Titanium carbide nanosheet/carbon nanotube electromagnetic shielding film and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110670107A CN110670107A CN201910906569.7A CN201910906569A CN110670107A CN 110670107 A CN110670107 A CN 110670107A CN 201910906569 A CN201910906569 A CN 201910906569A CN 110670107 A CN110670107 A CN 110670107A
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Abstract
The invention provides an electromagnetic shielding composite film and a method for preparing the titanium carbide nanosheet/carbon nanotube composite film by utilizing electrophoretic deposition. The preparation method comprises the following steps: titanium carbide aluminum blocks are used as raw materials, titanium carbide nanosheet powder is prepared by a chemical etching method and is quantitatively dispersed in a solvent; taking the self-supporting carbon nano tube film as a working electrode and taking the titanium carbide nano sheet base dispersion liquid as an electrolyte, and carrying out electrophoretic deposition to obtain a titanium carbide nano sheet/carbon nano tube composite film; certain subsequent treatment can be carried out on the titanium carbide nanosheet/carbon nanotube composite film. The invention realizes the titanium carbide nanosheet/carbon nanotube composite film for electromagnetic shielding, provides a simple, convenient, rapid and large-scale preparation method of the structure, and has wide application prospect in the field of electromagnetic shielding materials.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an electromagnetic shielding composite film material, belongs to the technical field of application of carbon-based nano materials in wave-absorbing shielding, and particularly relates to a titanium carbide nanosheet/carbon nanotube electromagnetic shielding film and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the widespread use of electronic devices, excessive electromagnetic wave radiation has begun to affect the normal work and life of human beings, becoming a new source of pollution. Thus, research into electromagnetic shielding materials is also receiving increasing attention. Most of commercial electromagnetic shielding materials at the present stage are high-conductivity metal materials, and have the problems of over-high density, poor flexibility, easy corrosion and the like.
In the field of electromagnetic shielding material research, carbon nanomaterials represented by carbon nanotubes are favored because of their excellent mechanical and electrical properties. However, the current research mostly focuses on the compounding of the powdery carbon nano material and the high molecular polymer, and although the compound can ensure a certain shielding effectiveness and relatively stable mechanical properties, the carbon nano material is easy to agglomerate in the high molecular polymer and is difficult to ensure uniform dispersion, so that the electrical properties and the shielding properties of the carbon nano material cannot reach ideal values.
The direct use of self-supporting carbon nanomaterials, such as graphene foams, carbon nanotube films, etc., as electromagnetic shielding materials has been a hotspot in recent years. However, how to further improve the electrical performance and the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of the material while ensuring certain mechanical strength and structural stability of the material is a technical problem that needs to be solved by technical personnel in the field of research on electromagnetic shielding materials at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an electromagnetic shielding thin film material and a method for preparing the titanium carbide nanosheet/carbon nanotube composite thin film by utilizing electrophoretic deposition; the composite film has controllable thickness and components, good mechanical property and excellent electromagnetic shielding property; meanwhile, the preparation method is simple. The electromagnetic shielding film material can be used in the technical fields of wave absorbing and shielding materials, energy storage, environmental protection and the like.
The purpose of the invention and the technical problem to be solved are realized by adopting the following technical scheme. According to the titanium carbide nanosheet/carbon nanotube electromagnetic shielding film and the preparation method thereof, the preparation method comprises the following steps:
1) titanium carbide nano-sheet powder is prepared by taking a titanium aluminum carbide block as a raw material and adopting a chemical etching method, and is dispersed in a solvent;
2) taking the self-supporting carbon nano tube film as a working electrode and taking the titanium carbide nano sheet base dispersion liquid as an electrolyte, and carrying out electrophoretic deposition to obtain a titanium carbide nano sheet/carbon nano tube composite film;
3) carrying out certain subsequent treatment, such as annealing treatment, densification treatment and the like, on the titanium carbide nanosheet/carbon nanotube composite film obtained in the step 2).
Further, in the method for preparing the titanium carbide nanosheet/carbon nanotube composite film by utilizing electrophoretic deposition, in the step 1), the reagent used for chemical etching is selected from one or more of HF, LiF/HCl, NaOH, KOH and TMAOH.
Further, the titanium carbide nanosheet dispersion liquid needs to be subjected to high-speed centrifugal separation for multiple times to obtain an upper-layer solution, the centrifugal rotation speed is 3000-10000rpm, the centrifugally separated solution is subjected to vacuum filtration or freeze-drying to obtain powdery titanium carbide nanosheets, wherein the size of a single nanosheet is 50nm-500 mu m, then the titanium carbide nanosheet powder is quantitatively dispersed in different solvents, and the dispersing solvent comprises H2O, DMSO, NMP, the concentration of the dispersion is 0.01-100mg/mL, and reagents can be added to modify according to requirements, including NaOH, KOH, I2。
Further, in the method for preparing the titanium carbide nanosheet/carbon nanotube composite film by utilizing electrophoretic deposition, in the step 2), the carbon nanotube film serving as the working electrode can be a self-supporting film prepared by suction filtration, coating, direct synthesis and other methods, the thickness of the self-supporting film is 5 micrometers-5 mm, the direct-current voltage used for electrophoretic deposition is 1-100V, the electrophoresis time is 1-480min, and the distance between the working electrode and the counter electrode is 1-10 cm.
Further, in the method for preparing the titanium carbide nanosheet/carbon nanotube composite film by electrophoretic deposition, in the step 3), the composite film can be subjected to annealing treatment and densification treatment to regulate and control the conductivity and density of the film, but the method is not required. The atmosphere used for annealing is nitrogen, argon or argon-hydrogen mixture gas, the proportion of hydrogen in the mixture gas is 10-90%, the annealing temperature is 200-800 ℃, the annealing time is 2-12h, and the compression proportion of densification treatment is 0.1-0.8.
In addition, the invention also provides the titanium carbide nanosheet/carbon nanotube composite film prepared by the preparation method, and the composite film is uniform and controllable in thickness, conductivity and electromagnetic shielding performance; the thickness range is 5 mu m-5 mm; the range of the conductivity is 1 to 1000S/cm; the electromagnetic shielding performance range is 10-80 dB.
The method for preparing the titanium carbide nanosheet/carbon nanotube composite film by electrophoretic deposition has the following advantages and beneficial technical effects:
1) according to the invention, the titanium carbide nanosheet/carbon nanotube composite film can be efficiently and environmentally prepared through an electrophoretic deposition process, the film is a self-supporting structure with good mechanical properties, the thickness of the film can be adjusted through growth parameters of the carbon nanotube film, and after an electrophoretic reaction, the mechanical strength of the film can be further enhanced through annealing and densification treatment, so that the composite film with good flexibility can be obtained.
2) The titanium carbide nanosheets in the titanium carbide nanosheet/carbon nanotube composite film are uniformly distributed, and the content of the titanium carbide nanosheets can be adjusted through electrophoresis time and electrolyte concentration, so that the conductivity and the electromagnetic shielding efficiency of the titanium carbide nanosheets can be adjusted and controlled; the morphology, the modified functional groups and the oxidation ratio of the titanium carbide nanosheets can be regulated and controlled by electrophoretic voltage, electrolyte additive selection and annealing parameters, so that the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of the titanium carbide nanosheets can be further regulated.
3) The preparation process is simple, controllable and efficient, and is suitable for large-scale production, and the titanium carbide nanosheet/carbon nanotube composite film prepared by the process has good mechanical properties and excellent electromagnetic shielding efficiency, and has wide application prospects in the field of electromagnetic shielding.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a macroscopic photograph of a titanium carbide nanoplate/carbon nanotube composite film having a thickness of about 10 μm;
FIG. 2a is a low-magnification SEM image of the cross section of a titanium carbide nanosheet/carbon nanotube composite film; FIG. 2b is a high power SEM image of the cross section of the titanium carbide nanosheet/carbon nanotube composite film;
FIGS. 3 to 4 are electromagnetic shielding curves of the titanium carbide nanosheet/carbon nanotube composite film prepared by electrophoretic deposition under different parameters at the X-band, respectively.
Detailed Description
The invention discloses a titanium carbide nanosheet/carbon nanotube electromagnetic shielding film and a preparation method thereof. The invention provides an electromagnetic shielding composite film and a method for preparing the titanium carbide nanosheet/carbon nanotube composite film by utilizing electrophoretic deposition.
The invention discloses a method for preparing a titanium carbide nanosheet/carbon nanotube composite film by adopting an electrophoretic deposition method, which comprises the following steps of:
1) titanium carbide aluminum blocks are used as raw materials, titanium carbide nanosheet powder is prepared by a chemical etching method and is quantitatively dispersed in a solvent;
2) taking the self-supporting carbon nano tube film as a working electrode and taking the titanium carbide nano sheet base dispersion liquid as an electrolyte, and carrying out electrophoretic deposition to obtain a titanium carbide nano sheet/carbon nano tube composite film;
3) the titanium carbide nanosheet/carbon nanotube composite film may be subjected to certain subsequent treatments, such as annealing treatment and densification treatment, but this is not essential.
The following will further describe the preparation process of the titanium carbide nanosheet/carbon nanotube composite film in detail by referring to the drawings and specific examples, and the present invention includes, but is not limited to, the following examples.
Example 1
A method for preparing a titanium carbide nanosheet/carbon nanotube composite film by electrophoretic deposition comprises the following steps:
1) preparing titanium carbide nanosheet powder from a titanium aluminum carbide block by adopting a chemical etching method, wherein an etching reagent is LiF/HCl, carrying out three-time high-speed centrifugation on a dispersion liquid obtained by etching to separate an upper-layer solution, wherein the centrifugal rotation speeds are 3000rpm, 5000rpm and 8000rpm respectively, carrying out vacuum filtration and freeze-drying on the centrifugally separated solution to obtain powdery titanium carbide nanosheets, wherein the size of a single nanosheet is 50nm-50 mu m, and then quantitatively dispersing the titanium carbide nanosheet powder in H2O, the concentration is 0.1mg/mL, and no additional reagent is added;
2) carrying out electrophoretic deposition by using a carbon nanotube film with the thickness of 10 μm prepared by chemical vapor deposition as a working electrode and using the titanium carbide nanosheet base dispersion liquid prepared in the step 1) as an electrolyte, wherein the used direct current voltage is 10V, the electrophoresis time is 10min, and the distance between the working electrode and a counter electrode is 3 cm;
3) cleaning the composite film obtained in the step 2) by using deionized water, and then naturally airing the film.
FIG. 1 is a macroscopic photograph of the composite film, which shows that the film has good flexibility and can be applied to scenes of various flexible devices; fig. 2 is a low-power SEM image and a high-power SEM image of the cross section of the composite film, and it can be seen that the thickness of the film after electrophoretic deposition is close to that before reaction, and the titanium carbide nanosheets are uniformly dispersed in the carbon nanotube network.
Example 2
A method for preparing a titanium carbide nanosheet/carbon nanotube composite film by electrophoretic deposition comprises the following steps:
1) titanium carbide aluminum blocks are used as raw materials, titanium carbide nanosheet powder is prepared by a chemical etching method, an etching reagent is LiF/HCl, the dispersion liquid obtained by etching is subjected to high-speed centrifugation for 3 times, an upper-layer solution is separated, the centrifugation rotation speeds are 3000rpm, 5000rpm and 8000rpm respectively, and the centrifuged solution is subjected to vacuum filtration and freeze-drying to obtain powdery titanium carbide nanosheets.
Wherein the size of a single nano sheet is 50nm-50 mu m, and then titanium carbide nano sheet powder is quantitatively dispersed in H2O, the concentration is 1mg/mL, and no additional reagent is added;
2) carrying out electrophoretic deposition by using a 20-micron carbon nanotube film prepared by chemical vapor deposition as a working electrode and using the titanium carbide nanosheet base dispersion liquid prepared in the step 1) as an electrolyte, wherein the used direct-current voltage is 10V, the electrophoresis time is 10min, and the distance between the working electrode and a counter electrode is 3 cm;
3) cleaning the composite film obtained in the step 2) by using deionized water, and then carrying out freeze-drying treatment on the film;
4) and carrying out anaerobic annealing treatment on the titanium carbide nanosheet/carbon nanotube composite film, wherein the annealing atmosphere is pure argon, the annealing temperature is 300 ℃, the annealing time is 3h, and then carrying out rolling treatment on the composite film.
The conductivity of the composite film is 9070S/cm, fig. 3 shows the absorption efficiency value (SEA), the reflection efficiency value (SER) and the total shielding efficiency value (SET) of the composite film in the X-band, and it can be seen that the absorption efficiency of the composite film is slightly higher than the reflection efficiency, and the average total shielding efficiency value reaches 28.7 dB.
Example 3
A method for preparing a titanium carbide nanosheet/carbon nanotube composite film by electrophoretic deposition comprises the following steps:
1) titanium carbide aluminum blocks are used as raw materials, titanium carbide nanosheet powder is prepared by a chemical etching method, an etching reagent is LiF/HCl, the dispersion liquid obtained by etching is subjected to high-speed centrifugation for 3 times, an upper-layer solution is separated, the centrifugation rotation speeds are 3000rpm, 5000rpm and 8000rpm respectively, and the centrifuged solution is subjected to vacuum filtration and freeze-drying to obtain powdery titanium carbide nanosheets.
Wherein the size of a single nano sheet is 50nm-50 mu m, and then titanium carbide nano sheet powder is quantitatively dispersed in H2O, the concentration is 1mg/mL, and no additional reagent is added;
2) carrying out electrophoretic deposition by using a 20-micron carbon nanotube film prepared by chemical vapor deposition as a working electrode and using the titanium carbide nanosheet base dispersion liquid prepared in the step 1) as an electrolyte, wherein the used direct-current voltage is 10V, the electrophoresis time is 90min, and the distance between the working electrode and a counter electrode is 3 cm;
3) cleaning the composite film obtained in the step 2) by using deionized water, and then naturally carrying out freeze-drying treatment on the film;
4) and carrying out anaerobic annealing treatment on the titanium carbide nanosheet/carbon nanotube composite film, wherein the annealing atmosphere is pure argon, the annealing temperature is 300 ℃, the annealing time is 3 hours, and then carrying out rolling treatment on the composite film.
The conductivity of the composite film is 19870S/m, fig. 4 shows the absorption efficiency value (SEA), the reflection efficiency value (SER) and the total shielding efficiency value (SET) of the composite film in the X-band, and it can be seen that the average total shielding efficiency value of the composite film is obviously improved to 61.1dB when the electrophoresis time is longer and other conditions are the same.
Example 4
A method for preparing a titanium carbide nanosheet/carbon nanotube composite film by electrophoretic deposition comprises the following steps:
1) titanium carbide aluminum blocks are used as raw materials, titanium carbide nanosheet powder is prepared by a chemical etching method, an etching reagent is KOH, the dispersion liquid obtained by etching is subjected to high-speed centrifugation for 3 times, an upper-layer solution is separated, the centrifugation rotating speeds are 3000rpm, 5000rpm and 8000rpm respectively, and the centrifuged solution is subjected to vacuum filtration and freeze-drying to obtain powdery titanium carbide nanosheets.
Wherein the size of a single nano sheet is 50nm-50 mu m, and then titanium carbide nano sheet powder is quantitatively dispersed in H2O at a concentration of 2mg/mL, and then 0.2mg/mL of I was added to the dispersion2；
2) Carrying out electrophoretic deposition by taking a 50-micron carbon nanotube film prepared by vacuum filtration as a working electrode and taking the titanium carbide nanosheet base dispersion liquid prepared in the step 1) as an electrolyte, wherein the used direct-current voltage is 30V, the electrophoresis time is 30min, and the distance between the working electrode and a counter electrode is 5 cm;
3) cleaning the composite film obtained in the step 2) by using deionized water, and then carrying out freeze-drying treatment on the film;
4) carrying out oxygen-free annealing treatment on the titanium carbide nanosheet/carbon nanotube composite film, wherein the annealing atmosphere is argon-hydrogen mixed gas, the hydrogen proportion in the mixed gas is 60%, the annealing temperature is 500 ℃, the annealing time is 2 hours, and then carrying out rolling treatment on the composite film, wherein the compression ratio is 0.2.
Example 5
A method for preparing a titanium carbide nanosheet/carbon nanotube composite film by electrophoretic deposition comprises the following steps:
1) titanium carbide aluminum blocks are used as raw materials, titanium carbide nanosheet powder is prepared by a chemical etching method, an etching reagent is KOH, the dispersion liquid obtained by etching is subjected to high-speed centrifugation for 3 times, an upper-layer solution is separated, the centrifugation rotating speeds are 3000rpm, 5000rpm and 8000rpm respectively, and the centrifuged solution is subjected to vacuum filtration and freeze-drying to obtain powdery titanium carbide nanosheets.
The size of a single nanosheet is 50nm-50 microns, then titanium carbide nanosheet powder is quantitatively dispersed in DMSO at a concentration of 5mg/ml, and no additional reagent is added;
2) performing electrophoretic deposition by using a 20-micron oriented carbon nanotube film prepared by chemical vapor deposition as a working electrode and using the titanium carbide nanosheet base dispersion liquid prepared in the step 1) as an electrolyte, wherein the used direct-current voltage is 20V, the electrophoresis time is 90min, and the distance between the working electrode and a counter electrode is 5 cm;
3) cleaning the composite film obtained in the step 2) by using deionized water, and then naturally airing the film;
4) and carrying out anaerobic annealing treatment on the titanium carbide nanosheet/carbon nanotube composite film, wherein the annealing atmosphere is argon-hydrogen mixed gas, the proportion of hydrogen in the mixed gas is 80%, the annealing temperature is 300 ℃, the annealing time is 5 hours, and then carrying out rolling treatment on the composite film.
In conclusion, the electromagnetic shielding composite film prepared by the method can realize the uniform distribution of the titanium carbide nanosheets in the carbon nanotube network and the tight combination of the titanium carbide nanosheets and the carbon nanotubes. The electromagnetic shielding composite film has controllable thickness and components, good mechanical property and excellent electromagnetic shielding property, and the preparation method is simple and easy to operate.
The invention realizes the titanium carbide nanosheet/carbon nanotube composite film for electromagnetic shielding, provides a simple, convenient, rapid and large-scale preparation method of the structure, and has wide application prospect in the field of electromagnetic shielding materials.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, so that any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention are within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The preparation method of the titanium carbide nanosheet/carbon nanotube electromagnetic shielding film is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) titanium carbide nano-sheet powder is prepared by taking a titanium aluminum carbide block as a raw material and adopting a chemical etching method, and is dispersed in a solvent;
2) taking the self-supporting carbon nano tube film as a working electrode and the titanium carbide nano sheet base dispersion liquid as an electrolyte, and carrying out electrophoretic deposition to prepare a titanium carbide nano sheet/carbon nano tube composite film;
3) and carrying out certain subsequent treatment on the titanium carbide nanosheet/carbon nanotube composite film, such as annealing treatment, rolling treatment, densification treatment and the like.
2. The method for preparing the titanium carbide nanosheet/carbon nanotube electromagnetic shielding film of claim 1, wherein: in the step 1), the reagent used for chemical etching can be HF, LiF/HCl, NaOH, KOH or TMAOH, the titanium carbide nanosheet dispersion liquid needs to be subjected to high-speed centrifugal separation for many times to obtain an upper-layer solution, the centrifugal rotation speed is 3000 plus 10000rpm, the centrifugally separated solution is subjected to vacuum filtration and freeze drying to obtain powdery titanium carbide nanosheets, wherein the size of a single nanosheet is 50nm-500 microns.
3. The method for preparing the titanium carbide nanosheet/carbon nanotube electromagnetic shielding film of claim 2, wherein: in the step 1), quantitatively dispersing titanium carbide nanosheet powder in different solvents, wherein the dispersing solvent comprises H2O, DMSO, NMP, the concentration of the dispersion is 0.01-100mg/mL, and reagents can be added to modify according to requirements, including NaOH, KOH, I2。
4. The method for preparing the titanium carbide nanosheet/carbon nanotube electromagnetic shielding film of claim 1, wherein: in the step 2), the carbon nanotube film used as the working electrode can be a self-supporting film prepared by methods such as suction filtration, coating, direct synthesis and the like, the thickness of the self-supporting film is 5 micrometers-5 mm, the direct current voltage used for electrophoretic deposition is 1-100V, the electrophoresis time is 1-480min, and the distance between the working electrode and the counter electrode is 1-10 cm.
5. The method for preparing the titanium carbide nanosheet/carbon nanotube electromagnetic shielding film of claim 1, wherein: in the step 3), annealing treatment and densification treatment can be carried out on the composite film so as to regulate and control the conductivity and density of the film.
6. The method for preparing titanium carbide nanosheet/carbon nanotube electromagnetic shielding thin film of claim 5, wherein: the atmosphere used for annealing is nitrogen, argon or argon-hydrogen mixture gas, the proportion of hydrogen in the mixture gas is 10-90%, the annealing temperature is 200-800 ℃, the annealing time is 2-12h, and the compression proportion of densification treatment is 0.1-0.8.
7. The titanium carbide nanosheet/carbon nanotube composite film prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein:
the titanium carbide nanosheet/carbon nanotube composite film is uniform and controllable in thickness, conductivity and electromagnetic shielding performance; the thickness range is 5 mu m-5 mm; the range of the conductivity is 1 to 1000S/cm; the electromagnetic shielding performance range is 10-80 dB.
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